Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prisons – United States

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Prisons – United States'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Prisons – United States.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Prisons – United States"

1

Waks, Allison. "Federal Incarceration by Contract in a Post-Minneci World: Legislation to Equalize the Constitutional Rights of Prisoners." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 46.3 (2013): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.46.3.federal.

Full text

Abstract:

In the 2012 case Minneci v. Pollard, the United States Supreme Court held that federal prisoners assigned to privately-run prisons may not bring actions for violations of their Eighth Amendment right against cruel and unusual punishment and may instead bring actions sounding only in state tort law. A consequence of this decision is that the arbitrary assignment of some federal prisoners to privately-run prisons deprives them of an equal opportunity to vindicate this federal constitutional right and pursue a federal remedy. Yet all federal prisoners should be entitled to the same protection under the United States Constitution-regardless of the type of prison to which they are assigned. This Note discusses the national trend toward prison privatization and the current asymmetry in legal protections and remedies available to prisoners depending on whether they are assigned to federally-run or privately-run prisons. It concludes by proposing federal legislation that would provide uniformity in the protection of federal prisoners against cruel and unusual punishment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Kim, Dae-Young. "Prison-Based Economic Development: What the Evidence Tells Us." International Journal of Rural Criminology 7, no. 3 (March 28, 2023): 357–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ijrc.v7i3.8679.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the late 1970s, there have been significant increases in the number of prisons and prisoners held in small towns and rural areas in the United States. Rural small towns have used prison construction and management as an economic development strategy. Although prisons were once seen as misfortune and disappointment to residents, since the 1980s, prison hosting has become a last resort for impoverished rural towns with desperate need of jobs. Prisons have been expected to fill the void when local industries and businesses closed down their operations in the 1980s economic crisis. While mass imprisonment and the prison boom in the United States have been important topics of research in the criminal justice field, less is known about prison-based economic development and its effects on local economies. This study conducts a literature review of U.S. studies, discusses theoretical and empirical limitations in the literature, and offers implications for research and policy development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Jewell Bohlinger, B. "Greening the Gulag: Austerity, neoliberalism, and the making of the “green prisoner”." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 1120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619879041.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the past 30 years the U.S. prison population has exploded. With the impact of climate change already here, we are also seeing new critiques of mass incarceration emerge, namely their environmental impact. In response to these burgeoning critiques as well as calls to action by the Justice Department to implement more sustainable and cost-effective strategies in prisons, the United States is experiencing a surge in prison sustainability programs throughout the country. Although sustainability is an important challenge facing the world, this paper argues that while “greening” programs seem like attempts to reform current methods of imprisonment, sustainability programming is an extension of the neoliberalization of incarceration in the United States. By emphasizing cost cutting while individualizing rehabilitation, prisons mobilize sustainability programming to produce “green prisoners” who are willing to take responsibility for their rehabilitation and diminish their economically burdensome behaviors (i.e. excessive wastefulness). Using semi-structure journals and interviews at three Oregon prisons, this paper investigates these ideas through the lens of the Sustainability in Prisons Project.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Stoliker, Bryce E. "Attempted Suicide: A Multilevel Examination of Inmate Characteristics and Prison Context." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 5 (February 9, 2018): 589–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818754609.

Full text

Abstract:

Correctional institutions in the United States witness higher rates of suicide compared with the general population, as well as a higher number of attempted suicides compared with completed cases. Prison research focused little attention on investigating the combined effects of inmate characteristics and prison context on suicide, with studies using only one level of analysis (prison or prisoner) and neglecting the nested nature of inmates in prisons. To extend this literature, multilevel modeling techniques were employed to investigate individual- and prison-contextual predictive patterns of attempted suicide using a nationally representative sample of 18,185 inmates in 326 prisons across the United States. Results revealed that several individual-level factors predicted odds for attempted suicide, such as inmate characteristics/demographics, prison experiences, having a serious mental illness, and symptoms of mental health issues. Some prison-contextual variables, as well as cross-level interaction effects, also significantly predicted odds for attempted suicide. Policy and research implications are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Jefferson, William J. "The Special Perils of Being Old and Sick in Prison." Federal Sentencing Reporter 32, no. 5 (June 2020): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2020.32.5.276.

Full text

Abstract:

The United States Supreme Court declared in 1976 that deliberate indifference to the serious medical needs of prisoners constitutes the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain…proscribed by the Eighth Amendment. It matters not whether the indifference is manifested by prison doctors in their response to the prisoner’s needs or by prison guards intentionally denying or delaying access to medical care or intentionally interfering with treatment once prescribed—adequate prisoner medical care is required by the United States Constitution. My incarceration for four years at the Oakdale Satellite Prison Camp, a chronic health care level camp, gives me the perspective to challenge the generally promoted claim of the Bureau of Federal Prisons that it provides decent medical care by competent and caring medical practitioners to chronically unhealthy elderly prisoners. The same observation, to a slightly lesser extent, could be made with respect to deficiencies in the delivery of health care to prisoners of all ages, as it is all significantly deficient in access, competencies, courtesies and treatments extended by prison health care providers at every level of care, without regard to age. However, the frailer the prisoner, the more dangerous these health care deficiencies are to his health and, therefore, I believe, warrant separate attention. This paper uses first-hand experiences of elderly prisoners to dismantle the tale that prisoner healthcare meets constitutional standards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Sims, Kaitlyn M., Jeremy Foltz, and Marin Elisabeth Skidmore. "Prisons and COVID-19 Spread in the United States." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 8 (August 2021): 1534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306352.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives. To empirically evaluate the relationship between presence of a state or federal prison and COVID-19 case and death counts. Methods. We merged data on locations of federal and state prisons and of local and county jails with daily case and death counts in the United States. We used a selection-on-observables design to estimate the correlation between prisons and COVID-19 spread, controlling for known correlates of COVID-19. Results. We found empirical evidence that the presence and capacities of prisons are strong correlates of county-level COVID-19 case counts. The presence of a state or federal prison in a county corresponded with a 9% increase in the COVID-19 case count during the first wave of the pandemic, ending July 1, 2020. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the public health implications of these facilities extend beyond the health of employees and incarcerated individuals, and policymakers should explicitly consider the public health concerns posed by these facilities when developing pandemic-response policy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Stewart, Rebekah J., Kala M. Raz, Scott P. Burns, J. Steve Kammerer, Maryam B. Haddad, Benjamin J. Silk, and Jonathan M. Wortham. "Tuberculosis Outbreaks in State Prisons, United States, 2011–2019." American Journal of Public Health 112, no. 8 (August 2022): 1170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2022.306864.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives. To understand the frequency, magnitude, geography, and characteristics of tuberculosis outbreaks in US state prisons. Methods. Using data from the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System, we identified all cases of tuberculosis during 2011 to 2019 that were reported as occurring among individuals incarcerated in a state prison at the time of diagnosis. We used whole-genome sequencing to define 3 or more cases within 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 3 years as clustered; we classified clusters with 6 or more cases during a 3-year period as tuberculosis outbreaks. Results. During 2011 to 2019, 566 tuberculosis cases occurred in 41 state prison systems (a median of 3 cases per state). A total of 19 tuberculosis genotype clusters comprising 134 cases were identified in 6 state prison systems; these clusters included a subset of 5 outbreaks in 2 states. Two Alabama outbreaks during 2011 to 2017 totaled 20 cases; 3 Texas outbreaks during 2014 to 2019 totaled 51 cases. Conclusions. Only Alabama and Texas reported outbreaks during the 9-year period; only Texas state prisons had ongoing transmission in 2019. Effective interventions are needed to stop tuberculosis outbreaks in Texas state prisons. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(8):1170–1179. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306864 )

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Petroff, Alyssa M. "Behind Bars: Secrecy in Arizona’s Private Prisons’ Labor Pool." Journal of Civic Information 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/joci.v4i2.132117.

Full text

Abstract:

Prisons run by private corporations in the United States have at hand a pool of individuals who are, by law, required to work while they are incarcerated. This article examines the secrecy behind the use of inmate labor, including on-the-job injuries sustained by prisoners, focusing on the state of Arizona as a case study. Ultimately, the article recommends that states should create oversight boards of its private prison system or allow private prison records to be accessible through already existing public records laws.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Mignon, Sylvia. "Health issues of incarcerated women in the United States." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 21, no. 7 (July 2016): 2051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015217.05302016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Health care within jails and prisons in the United States is typically insufficient to meet the medical and psychological needs of female inmates. Health services are often of low quality, especially in the areas of reproductive medicine. Mental illness, substance abuse, a trauma history, and sexual victimization while incarcerated can predict a more difficult adjustment to a correctional environment. Incarcerated women who are able to maintain contact with family members, especially children, can have a better prison adjustment. Recommendations are made to improve the types and quality of health care delivered to women in jails and prisons in countries around the world.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Scott, Jason Bartholomew. "“Whoever Dies, Dies”: A Pedagogical Model forUnderstanding the COVID-19 Outbreak in United States Prisons." Human Organization 80, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.282.

Full text

Abstract:

A year into the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly half of the United States prison population, or five times the rate found in the general population, had been infected. Limited social distancing and difficult to implement preventative measures helped to spread COVID-19 in prisons, while many incarcerated individuals felt that government policy prevented their ability to self-care. These feelings of alienation reflect a history of policy that links disease to deviance and social death. Based on the written self-reflections of anthropology students in Wisconsin prisons, this article outlines an ethnographic and pedagogical model for analyzing pandemic policy. Students learned to relate anthropological terminology to their critiques of policy and revealed how prisoners adapted to feelings of invisibility and hopelessness during a pandemic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prisons – United States"

1

Guimond, David. "Prisons of industry, the recent history of american private prisons, 1978-1985." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0032/MQ38753.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Osborne, Taryn Frances. "Masculinity and Vulnerability in United States Jails and Prisons." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1544710898014658.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Bangert, Elizabeth C. "The Press and the Prisons: Union and Confederate Newspaper Coverage of Civil War Prisons." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626316.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Fischer, Ronald W. "A comparative study of two Civil War prisons : Old Capitol prison and Castle Thunder prison /." Thesis, This resource online This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102017/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Thirumalai, Dhanalakshmi. "Religion and Crime: A Study of Inmates in State and Federal Prisons in the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1223103-235401/unrestricted/ThirumalaiD020403f.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Thalmann, Vanessa. "Prison labour for private corporations : the impact of human rights." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82672.

Full text

Abstract:

In the past two decades, the prison population has increased considerably in many industrialized countries. In the United States, for example, the prison population has more than quadrupled since 1980. As a response to the considerable incarceration costs, the number of private prisons and the number of prisoners working for private corporations have increased significantly. Proponents of private sector involvement in prison industries argue that inmate labour can reduce the incarceration costs and contribute to rehabilitation of prisoners.
The question of private sector involvement in prison facilities raises significant concerns as regards to international labour standards. Opponents of private sector involvement argue that private hiring of prison labour can involve exploitation. They also argue that the authority for punishment is a core governmental function that cannot be delegated to the private sector. Furthermore, in most cases, labour and social security laws are not applied to inmates. Therefore, prison labour can constitute unfair competition with free labour or even go as far as to replace free labour.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Zombek, Angela Marie. "CAMP CHASE AND LIBBY PRISONS: AN EXAMINATION OF POWER AND RESISTANCE ON THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HOME FRONTS 1863-1864." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1152808040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Favero, Melissa. "The low-down on America's lock-down: a critical look at the political economy of prisons." Thesis, Boston University, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27645.

Full text

Abstract:

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Holley, William T. "Assessing the impact of prison siting on rural economic development." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3351.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 161. Thesis director: Stephen S. Fuller. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-160). Also issued in print.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

WELLER, Pauline Margarete Sophie. "The accommodation of religious minority beliefs in prisons in Germany and the United States : a transatlantic comparison." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/67090.

Full text

Abstract:

Defence date: 20 May 2020 (Online)
Examining Board: Professor Gàbor Halmai (EUI, Supervisor); Professor Mathias Siems (EUI); Professor Christoph Möllers (Humboldt University of Berlin); Professor Susanna Mancini (University of Bologna)
This thesis critically compares the accommodation of religious minority beliefs in prisons in Germany and the United States. Following the approach of critical secularism scholarship, it investigates if there is a Christian bias in the recognition of the religious needs and practices of inmates in both countries. The first part of the thesis examines and compares the relevant frameworks. The first chapter explains the relevant actors and the key figures of the prison system of Germany and the U.S. The second chapter sheds light on the history of religion in the prison domain and clarifies the theoretical strands of deterrence, retribution, and rehabilitation. It analyzes the prison reforms during the 1970s and 1980s in both countries and shows that the motivations and circumstances of these reforms have impact on the accommodation of religion in the prison domains today. The third chapter discusses religious diversity in numerical as well as textual terms. Against the background of the immigration history of each country, the third chapter shows how religious diversity has developed differently in Germany and the U.S. and how this has shaped different notions of religious equality and fairness in each country’s constitutionalism. The fourth chapter compares the relevant constitutional framework in light of the state-religion model, the constitutional religious freedom and equality doctrine, and the fundamental rights status of inmates in each country. The second part of this thesis starts with a theoretical and normative investigation of the concept of religious accommodation. Based on multiculturalism research, it is argued that unequal treatment of religious minorities is normatively relevant as their alienation likely undermines their equal standing in society. Subsequently, the empirically most essential needs and practices of inmates are doctrinally analyzed and compared: that to participate in chaplaincy programs, to follow religious dietary guidelines, and to use and possess religious objects and literature. The comparison shows that while the discrimination of non-Christian beliefs is a common element in both jurisdictions, the generally better treatment of inmates in Germany has to be confronted with a higher relevance of religious claims in the U.S. federal prison system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Prisons – United States"

1

Greenfeld, Lawrence A. Prisons and prisoners in the United States. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics., ed. Prisons and prisoners in the United States. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Helsinki Watch (Organization : U.S.), ed. Prison conditions in the United States: A Helsinki Watch report. New York, N.Y: Human Rights Watch, 1991.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sylvia, Engdahl, ed. Prisons. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sylvia, Engdahl, ed. Prisons. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Watch, Human Rights, ed. Prison conditions in the United States. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1991.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ditchfield, J. A. Control in prisons: A review of the literature. London: HMSO, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Pollock, Joycelyn M. Prisons and prison life: Costs and consequences. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

United States. Dept. of Justice. Bureau of Prisons staff training. [Washington, D.C.?: Dept. of Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, 1991.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice. Federal Bureau of Prisons: Oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session ... March 29, 1984. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Prisons – United States"

1

Woodward, Vanessa H., and Dylan Pelletier. "Prisons in the United States." In Routledge Handbook of Corrections in the United States, 113–26. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315645179-11.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Slack, James D. "Prisons as Social Policy, United States." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 4923–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2558.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Slack, James D. "Prisons as Social Policy, United States." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2558-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Slack, James D. "Prisons as Social Policy, United States." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 10090–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_2558.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Dick, Andrew j., William Rich, and Tony Waters. "Applied Research in California’s Prisons." In Prison Vocational Education and Policy in the United States, 11–40. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56469-6_2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Barry, Ellen M. "From Plantations to Prisons: African American Women Prisoners in the United States." In Beyond Slavery, 75–88. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230113893_5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Clark, Valerie A. "A Brief History of Private Prisons in the United States." In Routledge Handbook of Corrections in the United States, 143–52. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315645179-14.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lutze, Faith E., and Jenny L. Lau. "Boot Camp Prisons in an Era of Evidence-Based Practices." In Routledge Handbook of Corrections in the United States, 217–30. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315645179-20.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chin, Jeremiah, Bryan McKinley Jones Brayboy, and Nicholas Bustamante. "Carceral Colonialisms: Schools, Prisons, and Indigenous Youth in the United States." In Handbook of Indigenous Education, 1–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1839-8_47-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Chin, Jeremiah A., Bryan McKinley Jones Brayboy, and Nicholas Bustamante. "Carceral Colonialisms: Schools, Prisons, and Indigenous Youth in the United States." In Handbook of Indigenous Education, 575–604. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3899-0_47.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Prisons – United States"

1

"Information Access as a Human Right: Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp Compared to Supermax and Military Prisons of the United States." In iConference 2014 Proceedings: Breaking Down Walls. Culture - Context - Computing. iSchools, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.9776/14026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Pol, Dmitry. "THE THEME OF CAPTIVITY IN THE JOURNALISM AND PROSE OF K.M. SIMONOV, M.A. SHOLOKHOV AND I.G. EHRENBURG 1941-1942." In FIRST KULAKOV READINGS: ON THE FIELDS OF RUSSIA'S MILITARY. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3633.khmelita-19/60-75.

Full text

Abstract:

During the most difficult first two years of the war, in the context of the Soviet leadership's unequivocal condemnation of captivity, addressing this topic was not encouraged by the party organs. Nevertheless, by circumventing unspoken prohibitions, literature contributed to the softening of state policy. K.M. Simonov, M.A. Sholokhov and I.G. Ehrenburg, three completely different writers, were united in their defence of the right to humanity and justice towards former prisoners of war, which indirectly contributed to a softening of the state's attitude towards them.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

de Oliveira, F. M., M. de S. Balbino, L. E. Zárate, and C. N. Nobre. "What is the Profile of American Inmate Misconduct Perpetrators? A Machine Learning Analysis." In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2022.227777.

Full text

Abstract:

Correctional institutions often develop rehabilitation programs to reduce the likelihood of inmates committing internal offenses and criminal recidivism after release. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the profile of each offender, both for the appropriate indication of a rehabilitation program and the level of internal security to which he must be submitted. In this context, this work aims to discover, from Machine Learning methods and the SHAP approach, which are the most significant characteristics in the prediction of misconduct by prisoners. For this, a database produced in 2004 through the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities in the United States of America, which provides nationally representative data on prisoners in state and federal facilities, was used. The predictive model based on Random Forest had the best performance; therefore, SHAP was applied to it to interpret the results. In addition, the attributes related to the type of crime committed, age at first arrest, drug use, mental or emotional health problems, having children, and being abused before arrest are more relevant in predicting internal misconduct. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the prior classification of an inmate, on time, use of programs and practices that aim to improve the lives of offenders, their reintegration into society, and, consequently, the reduction of criminal recidivism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Saeed Ghafoor Ahmad, Kosar, and Amanj nasih qadir omer. "Prosecuting the perpetrators of the Camp Speicher crime according to Iraqi laws or the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/45.

Full text

Abstract:

"This work includes talking about the crime of Camp Speicher, in which 1,700 students of the Iraqi army of the Sheea creed were killed by the gangs of the terrorist organization ISIS, with the aim of eliminating the members of this sect because of the misleading ideology carried by those gangs. On 6-12-2014, Iraqi soldiers at Camp Speicher (Speicher Air Base) in Tikrit were subjected to murder and enforced disappearance by terrorist organizations because of their affiliation to the Sheea creed. This crime was among a series of brutal crimes for the genocide of Sheeas in Iraq. This is similar to what happened in the Badoush prison crime in the province of Mosul, which the Iraqi Parliament considered it as a crime of genocide, in which these gangs executed about (400) members of the prison inmates of the Sheea component. After ISIS took control of the city of Tikrit in Iraq, and one day after they took control of the city of Mosul, they captured (2000-2200) soldiers and led them to the presidential palaces in Tikrit, and they shot them there and in other areas and buried some of them alive. This disaster had a negative impact on the families of the victims of the Speicher where they went out in demonstrations demanded that the leaders who handed over the victims of Speicher to ISIS must be prosecuted, and in one of the demonstrations they managed to enter Parliament and demanded that the leaders who handed over Speicher to ISIS be held accountable. After that, many demonstrations took place by the families of the victims, some of which led to the closure of a bridge in Baghdad a few times Protesting the government's delay in clarifying the fate of their children or taking quick measures. The Iraqi parliament and government recently considered the Speicher incident “genocide” in reference to the premeditated murder of Badoush Prison inmates in Nineveh Governorate and the unarmed Speicher military base, the premeditated murder of members of the Albu Nimr, Jabour, al-Lahib, and al-Ubaid tribes, and the killing and displacement of civilians from Kurds, Christians, Yazidis and Shabaks in Sahel Nineveh, Sinjar, deliberate killing and displacement of Turkmens in Tal Afar and Bashir. This decision paves the way for obtaining international recognition from it as a ""genocide"" as stipulated in the Contract of the United Nations in 1948, and Iraq signed it in the fifties of the last century. This study attempts to explain the Al-Ikhnasas Court in looking into the crimes of genocide committed by ISIS against the bereaved students of the Air Force Base (Speicher) due to what this issue raised from the national and international public opinion, especially after the involvement of the Iraqi army leaders in this massacre, according to what witnesses reported in that area and what was reported by soldiers who survived the incident, in addition to the involvement of some members of the Sunni tribes in these crimes with the terrorist organization ISIS. The importance of this study lies in the following aspects: - That ISIS elements were tried according to Anti-Terrorism Law No. 13 of 2005, and from our point of view that the aforementioned law is vague and broader than it should be, and it applies to serious and simple crimes from murder to crimes of sabotage, and the list of crimes punishable by the death penalty according to the aforementioned law is a long list and spacious. - The Iraqi government has embarked on an attempt to develop a legal framework to prosecute ISIS elements, and its mission focused on understanding the procedures and results drawn from those judicial efforts, and its mission also focused on showing the efforts taken by the Iraqi government to address violations in the field of the right to life, including those committed by affiliated forces government as well as other international and domestic actors. The International Criminal Court is specialized in considering specific crimes under Article (5) of its Statute, which are war crimes, aggression and crimes against humanity, which necessitates the adaptation of Speicher's crime within any of the mentioned types of crimes. The assumption of the International Criminal Court in relation to the Speicher crime, includes several positive matters and results at the same time a set of negatives, which must be presented to those positives and negatives in order to give preference between them and the choice of authorizing the court to consider the crime or not. The terrorist organization ISIS has committed serious systematic violations, including war crimes and others, and perhaps those that are not under its control, and that none of these crimes can be addressed within the anti-terrorism law, which cannot address human rights violations. The international community has recognized the heinous violations committed by ISIS against the citizens of Iraq by adopting Resolution (2370) in September of 2017, issued by the Security Council, which authorizes the Security Council to appoint an investigation team to support local efforts to hold ISIS elements accountable by collecting and preserving evidence in Iraq, which can rise to a high level, and it was committed by the elements of the organization. It considers that the decision constitutes a burden and an obligation on Iraq to investigate all allegations of violations committed by government forces for the purpose of holding them accountable, as well as requiring the establishment of special courts and trained judges in relation to ISIS crimes to deal with them. Terrorism is a global curse that has recently spread horizontally to all countries of the world and its effects have been concentrated vertically in some countries, and no one denies that the parties to this phenomenon are increasing (perpetrators and victims) and the United Nations in particular and the international community in general has not succeeded in reducing it despite the fact that the resolutions of the UN Security Council It is increasing, but the proportionality is absent between these decisions and the practical reality. The phenomenon of terrorism is spreading rapidly, and the perpetrators of terrorist acts are on the rise, corresponding to an increase in the victims of terrorism. Also, the circumstances and events that Iraq is going through, especially after 2003, put it at the forefront of countries which suffers from terrorism that has killed the people, using methods and forms that were not previously known and brutal and bloody cruel. ) for the year 2005, and since terrorism was not limited to Iraq, but included many countries, and was not specific to a place or time, nor was it recent in terms of composition. In addition, the aforementioned law cannot be aware of all violations of international and humanitarian law, as we mentioned previously, which requires the necessity of referring the criminals to a competent court. The Court conducts its rule under Article (13) of its Statute when referred to it by a state party to the same system or by the Security Council or when the Public Prosecutor conducts the investigation on his own, and then how does the Court take its measures regarding the aforementioned crime if we take a look Considering that the State of Iraq is not a member of the Statute of the Court. The rule of the court is free from the death penalty, which makes the idea of authorizing the court to consider the crime rejected by most Iraqis, especially the families of the victims. What are the negative aspects of the Iraqi national judiciary’s view of the Speicher crime, and how can it be avoided if the International Criminal Court plays this role? What are the guarantees provided by the court in the event that it proceeds with its procedures regarding this crime? The research on this subject is according to the appropriate method, which is the analytical and comparative method, which works on studying and comparing topics by analyzing ideas and jurisprudential rulings, and the positions of the governments of countries and the United Nations, as well as the resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly, and comparing arbitration between Iraqi courts. And the international courts regarding the trial of the perpetrators of the Speicher base crime, and then come up with a set of conclusions and recommendations."

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Prisons – United States"

1

Mehra, Tanya, Merlina Herbach, Devorah Margolin, and Austin C. Doctor. Trends in the Return and Prosecution of ISIS Foreign Terrorist Fighters in the United States. ICCT, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19165/2023.3.04.

Full text

Abstract:

Approximately 300 Americans are estimated to have traveled or attempted to join the Islamic State (ISIS) as part of the group’s campaign in Syria and Iraq between 2013 and 2019. These individuals joined more than 53,000 men, women, and minors from roughly 80 countries. Often referred to as foreign (terrorist) fighters (FTF), these are individuals from third countries who travel to join a terrorist group to support its activities. In the United States (U.S.) context, the FTF designation does not denote the act of fighting itself, but rather the support of a designated foreign terrorist organization (FTO). While many of these radicalized individuals traveled alone to the conflict zone, others brought their families or formed new ones in-theater. As ISIS’ selfdeclared caliphate collapsed, many were killed, some fled to other locations, and many were captured and held by Kurdish forces. Men and some teenage boys were primarily placed in prisons, while women and minors were often moved into detention camps. Today, an estimated 10,000 male FTFs remain held in northeastern Syria including 2,000 men and boys from 60 countries outside Syria and Iraq (third country nationals, or TCNs). In addition, local camps hold close to 55,000 female FTF and FTF-affiliated family members, including roughly 10,000 TCN women and children. Some of these individuals have now been in detention for four years or more. The indefinite detention of FTF and FTF-affiliated families in northeastern Syria is not a tenable solution. In addition to clear humanitarian concerns, there is a significant security risk that the facilities’ inhabitants provide a groundswell of recruits to the still active ISIS campaign in the region. A 2022 U.S. military report puts it bluntly, “These children in the camp are prime targets for ISIS radicalization. The international community must work together to remove these children from this environment by repatriating them to their countries or communities of origin while improving conditions in the camp.” In lockstep, U.S. diplomatic leaders have made repatriation a policy priority empowered by a general domestic partisan consensus that the repatriation of FTF and FTF-affiliated families from northeastern Syria should be done expediently. Progress has been slow, while many Western nations were strongly resistant to bringing their detained citizens home, there is recent evidence for cautious optimism. Approximately 9,200 persons – including 2,700 TCNs and 6,500 Iraqis repatriated since 2019. This year, 13 countries have repatriated roughly 2,300 persons, including more than 350 TCNs. However, more work remains to be done. As of July 15, 2023, 39 U.S. persons have been officially repatriated, including both adults and minors. At least 11 additional U.S. persons have returned on their own accord, ten of whom remained in the U.S. following their return. Furthermore, the U.S. has made the decision to bring several non-U.S. persons to the U.S. to stand trial.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Altier, Mary Beth. Violent Extremist Disengagement and Reintegration: Lessons from Over 30 Years of DDR. RESOLVE Network, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/vedr2021.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent questions surrounding the repatriation, rehabilitation, and reintegration of those who traveled to join the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the reintegration of violent extremists in conflict zones including Somalia, Nigeria, Libya, and Mali, and the impending release of scores of homegrown violent extremists from prisons in the United States and Europe have heightened policymaker and practitioner interest in violent extremist disengagement and reintegration (VEDR). Although a number of programs to reintegrate violent extremists have emerged both within and outside of conflict zones, significant questions remain regarding their design, implementation, and effectiveness. To advance our understanding of VEDR, this report draws insights from a review of the literature on ex-combatant disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR). The literature on DDR typically adopts a “whole of society” approach, which helps us to understand how systemic factors may influence VEDR at the individual level and outcomes at the societal level. Despite the important differences that will be reviewed, the international community’s thirty-year experience with DDR—which includes working with violent extremists—offers important insights for our understanding of VEDR.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Argys, Laura, and Naci Mocan. Who Shall Live and Who Shall Die? An Analysis of Prisoners on Death Row in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9507.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!