Academic literature on the topic 'Prisons Health aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prisons Health aspects"
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Bolcato, Matteo, Vito Fiore, Filomena Casella, Sergio Babudieri, Luciano Lucania, and Giulio Di Mizio. "Health in Prison: Does Penitentiary Medicine in Italy Still Exist?" Healthcare 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111511.
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Despite the detailed legislative developments that have occurred within the context of prison medicine in Italy, problems of a management nature continue to affect prisoner health and management, which in turn impact the prison system’s ability to offer prisoners a real opportunity for rehabilitation. Certain behavioral aspects reported in prisons may alter and negatively impact the normal doctor-patient relationship, including elements that hinder the therapeutic alliance and impede proper clinical risk prevention and management. However, practical steps may be taken in connection with the analysis of flows and healthcare services that may enable prison administrations to bring about a true, modern restructure of the prison system.
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JENKINS, RACHEL, DINESH BHUGRA, HOWARD MELTZER, NICOLA SINGLETON, PAUL BEBBINGTON, TRALOACH BRUGHA, JEREMY COID, MIKE FARRELL, GLYN LEWIS, and JO PATON. "Psychiatric and social aspects of suicidal behaviour in prisons." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 2 (January 21, 2005): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002958.
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Background. Suicidal behaviour and completed suicide are serious problems within British prisons, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, and are the focus of major efforts towards their prevention.Aim. To explore the demographic, social and psychiatric correlates of suicidal behaviour in prisons in England and Wales and their relationship with health service use; and to develop a combined psychosocial model of risk.Method. This report analyses the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the ONS National Prison Survey, and their association with the presence of psychiatric disorders, personality disorder, substance abuse and social risk factors. These data were compared with data from the second national survey of psychiatric morbidity in adults living at home. In both surveys, a two-phase interviewing procedure was used, covering general health, health service use, assessment of psychiatric disorders, life events, social supports, suicidal behaviour, activities of daily living, sociodemographic data, substance abuse and intelligence.Results. Suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts were commoner in prisons than in the general population and these were significantly associated with higher rates of psychosis, neurosis and personality disorder in prisons. In addition, demographic and factors such as being young, single, white, leaving school early and experiencing poor social support and significant social adversity were important risk factors for suicidal thoughts. Crucially, there was no separate category of people at suicidal risk who did not have psychiatric disorders.Conclusions. The high rates of suicidal behaviour in prisons cannot be addressed without adequate attention to the high rates of psychiatric disorder and vulnerability factors in prisoners.
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Sasso, Loredana, Barbara Delogu, Roberto Carrozzino, Giuseppe Aleo, and Annamaria Bagnasco. "Ethical issues of prison nursing: A qualitative study in Northern Italy." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 3 (April 12, 2016): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016639760.
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Background: Prisons are contexts where nurses are required to have specific skills to ensure that, in a setting designed for the expiation of crime, prisoners receive the same type of care as anyone else. But this is not always the case, giving rise to ethical issues. Research questions: ‘How do correctional nurses describe their working experience in prisons? What issues emerged?’ Methodology: This is a qualitative descriptive study. Following purposive sampling, we conducted five focus groups. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Participants and research context: Our sample included 31 correctional nurses in seven prisons in Northern Italy. Ethical considerations: The scientific merit of this study was recognized by the Academic Board of the University of Genoa. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Liguria Regional Government that funded this study and from the Local Health Authority that was the prison nurses’ employer. Formal consent was obtained from all the nurses who volunteered to participate in this study. Findings: Five themes emerged from the focus groups: (1) prisoners’ healthcare needs, (2) negotiation between custody and care, (3) satisfaction of working in prisons, (4) obstacles to quality care and (5) safety. ‘Manipulation’ was a transversal theme that emerged from all the focus groups. Discussion: The problems generated by the clash between prison security and nursing care priorities did not enable nurses to practice autonomously and provide the best possible to care prisoners, giving rise to ethical issues and moral distress. This in turn causes high nursing turnover rates that negatively impact continuum of care. Conclusion: In Italy, correctional nurses urgently require specific education interventions with the participation of all those who work in prisons. Interventions based on the post-modern concept of restorative nursing could offer prison nurses the opportunity to both resolve ethical issues and reduce moral distress.
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Ismail, Nasrul, and Nick de Viggiani. "How do policymakers interpret and implement the principle of equivalence with regard to prison health? A qualitative study among key policymakers in England." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 11 (July 12, 2018): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104692.
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BackgroundThe principle of equivalence in prison health has been established for nearly four decades. It seeks to ensure that prisoners have access to the same level of healthcare as members of society at large, which is entrenched within the international legal framework and England’s national health policies.AimsThis study examined how key policymakers interpret and implement the principle of equivalence in English prisons. It also identified opportunities and threats associated with the application of the principle.MethodsIn total, 30 policymakers took part in this research. These participants engaged in policymaking activities and occupied positions of authority in the prison field.ResultsDespite the policymakers’ consensus on the importance of the equivalence principle, there was a varying degree of understanding regarding what constitutes ‘equivalence’. Participants described how the security culture impedes prisoners’ access to healthcare services. Additionally, the increasing size and complexity of the prison population, coupled with a diminishing level of resources, reduce the level of care being provided in prisons and thus compromise implementation of equivalence in English prisons.ConclusionsInconsistent interpretation of equivalence, the prevailing security drive, increasing numbers and health complexities of prisoners and fiscal austerity threaten the implementation of equivalence in English prisons. This research calls for new guidance on how to interpret and implement equivalence, along with measures to educate prison governors and staff on the prison rehabilitation value, ensure greater investment in prison health and consider alternatives to imprisonment to future-proof the principle of equivalence in the English prison system.
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Maes, Elise. "Legal implications of smoking (bans) in English prisons." Legal Studies 39, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2018.46.
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AbstractThe high prevalence of tobacco smoking in prison, and certain aspects inherent in prison culture make smoking in that environment particularly difficult to regulate. Over the last decade, the UK government has adopted and sought to implement gradually its plan to make all prisons smoke-free nationwide. The UK Supreme Court recently ruled inBlackthat the Health Act 2006, which prohibits smoking in most enclosed public spaces, does not bind the Crown and consequently does not apply to public prisons. Both developments have implications for the human rights protection of smoking and non-smoking prisoners. This paper considers how English smoking and non-smoking prisoners’ (human) rights are currently protected, and what the legal implications are of a complete ban on smoking in English prisons. The paper reflects on whether an indoor smoking ban might strike a better balance between the competing rights and interests of smoking and non-smoking prisoners than a complete ban.
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Dennard, Sophie, Derek K. Tracy, Aaron Beeney, Laura Craster, Fiona Bailey, Anisah Baureek, Michael Barton, et al. "Working in a prison: Challenges, rewards, and the impact on mental health and well-being." Journal of Forensic Practice 23, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-12-2020-0055.
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Purpose Prisons are uniquely challenging working environments. Staff are often exposed to direct and indirect trauma, impacting negatively on their mental well-being. Due to the limited research into prison staff experience, this paper aims to explore what staff find most challenging, how they cope, what support they would like and rewarding aspects of their work. Design/methodology/approach This service development project was facilitated through a staff well-being event. A qualitative approach was used and 74 staff members provided anonymised responses. An inductive and data-driven approach was used to analyse the data, and the trustworthiness of the analysis was considered using criteria established by Lincoln and Guba (1985). Findings Thematic analysis identified six themes, namely, the challenging nature of the work, interactions with prisoners, staff interactions, inadequate resources, staff support and development and coping strategies. Key findings include managing distress, self-harm and violence and limited resources presenting challenges. Role variety and opportunities to support prisoners were reported as positive. A variety of coping strategies were identified. Wider availability of supervision and reflective practice was suggested by staff. Practical implications Recommendations for increased staff support are made. Suggestions for future research investigating methods to increase rewarding aspects of work within prisons are given. Originality/value This analysis adds to the limited body of qualitative research investigating prison staff experiences; in particular, aspects of the work that they find rewarding such as the role variety and opportunities to make positive changes to prisoners’ lives. Novel coping strategies were identified, including cognitive reframing and behavioural strategies for managing stress, which could be encouraged to increase resilience.
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Щербакова, Дарья Сергеевна. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE RIGHT TO HEALTH CARE IN US FEDERAL PRISONS." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 3(49) (November 15, 2022): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2022.49.3.023.
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В статье освещается такая актуальная проблема в пенитенциарной сфере, как обеспечение права на охрану здоровья осужденных. Рассматривается американский опыт в данной области через призму исполнения наказания федеральными исправительными учреждениями. Объект изучения представляет собой совокупность правоотношений, возникающих при реализации права на охрану здоровья в рамках пенитенциарной системы США. В результате использования сравнительно-правового метода констатируются положительные аспекты деятельности пенитенциарной системы США. К ним относятся распределение осужденных в соответствующие тюрьмы по критерию уровня медицинского обслуживания, право на покупку безрецептурных лекарств в магазине учреждения, классификация уровней медицинской помощи заключенных, взимание платы за предоставление медицинских услуг. При анализе зарубежного опыта выявляются проблемы правоприменения и законодательной регламентации ряда норм, составляющих право на охрану здоровья заключенных. Применение в процессе исследования совокупности общенаучных и частнонаучных методов позволило сформулировать вывод о том, что не все элементы обеспечения права на охрану здоровья можно использовать для совершенствования уголовно-исполнительного законодательства Российской Федерации при исполнении наказаний в виде принудительных работ и лишения свободы. The article is devoted to the issue of ensuring the right to health care for inmates in the penitentiary system. The American experience in this field through the prism of execution of imprisonment by federal prisons is considered. The object of the study is a set of legal relations arising during the implementation of the right to health care within the US prison system. As a result of using the comparative legal method, positive aspects of the US penitentiary system are stated, such as the allocation of inmates to appropriate prisons by the criterion of the level of medical care, the right to buy over-the-counter drugs in the institution shop, the classification of levels of medical care for prisoners, the charging of fees for the provision of medical services. An analysis of foreign experience reveals problems of enforcement and legislative regulation of a number of components of the right to health care for prisoners. The application of general scientific and special scientific methods in the process of research allowed to formulate the conclusion that not all elements of the right to health care provision can be used for reception in the penal legislation of the Russian Federation in the execution of punishments in the form of forced labor and imprisonment.
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Kubiak, Sheryl Pimlott, Hannah Brenner, Deborah Bybee, Rebecca Campbell, and Gina Fedock. "Reporting Sexual Victimization During Incarceration: Using Ecological Theory as a Framework to Inform and Guide Future Research." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 19, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838016637078.
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The U.S. Department of Justice estimates that between 149,200 and 209,400 incidents of sexual victimization occur annually in prisons and jails. However, very few individuals experiencing sexual victimization during incarceration report these incidents to correctional authorities. Federal-level policy recommendations derived from the Prison Rape Elimination Act suggest mechanisms for improving reporting as well as standards for the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of prison-based sexual victimization. Despite these policy recommendations, sexual assault persists in prisons and jails, with only 8% of prisoners who experience sexual assault reporting their victimization. This review focuses on gaps in the existing research about what factors influence whether adult victims in incarcerated systems will report that they have been sexually assaulted. Using ecological theory to guide this review, various levels of social ecology are incorporated, illuminating a variety of factors influencing the reporting of sexual victimization during incarceration. These factors include the role of individual-level behavior, assault characteristics, the unique aspects and processes of the prison system, and the social stigma that surrounds individuals involved in the criminal/legal system. This review concludes with recommendations for future research, policy, and practice, informed by an ecological conceptualization of reporting.
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Song, Sirui. "Research on Medical and Health Problems and Countermeasures of Female Prisoners in Prison." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (September 22, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v3i.1554.
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Women in jails and prisons have had little access to health care throughout history. The health issues they experience and the element of health care were not considered crucial and received a bit of debate from research. Using the survey method and comparative analysis to analyze secondary data, this article presents the main health problems faced by women prisoners in these fields. This includes Physical health, Healthcare gaps, and lack of gender-specific services, and analyzes the causes of the problem from the corresponding perspective. By discussing five aspects of prison health care, this article discusses: Prioritize medical services, Improve the quality of staff, Provide gender-responsive services, Increase prevention efforts, and Improve follow-up efforts. This paper concludes that the health problems of women prisoners are mainly caused by the lack of resources for health services, difficulties in recruiting medical staff, and the lack of consideration for the special needs of women.
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Dubler, Nancy Neveloff. "The Collision of Confinement and Care: End-of-Life Care in Prisons and Jails." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 26, no. 2 (1998): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01670.x.
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In 1997, the United States incarcerated over 1.7 million persons in local jails and in state and federal prisons. These inmates are disproportionately poor and persons of color. Many lack adequate access to health care before incarceration and present to correctional services with major unaddressed medical problems.Convictions for drug possession and use have increased the number of injection drug users with HIV and AIDS in prisons. Determinate sentencing and “three strikes and you’re out” laws have increased the number of inmates who are aging and dying during their sentences. Their feelings reflect those of Larry Rideau, sentenced to life without parole and founder of The Angolite—an award-winning prison newspaper at Louisiana's Angola Prison—“The dream of getting out, you equate with heaven. Dying in prison you equate with hell.”
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prisons Health aspects"
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Borges, Márcio José Garcia. "Aspectos epidemiológicos da tuberculose no sistema prisional em São José do Rio Preto/SP (2007 a 2011)." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/339.
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Introduction: Tuberculosis constitutes nowadays a very important “pandemic”, considering the dissemination situation as a relevant health problem in prisons, not only as incidence and prevalence, but also by its resistant form frequency and in HIV co-infection. Objective: epidemiologic situation analysis of TB in São José do Rio Preto/SP prison system notified from 2007 to 2011. Methods: epidemiologic analytic descriptive study retrospective cohort-like realized by document analysis of notified TB cases in prison population in São José do Rio Preto/SP. Data analysis was made by incidence calculation, relative risk and confidence interval, adopting significance level of 95%. Results: of the 770 TB cases notified from 2007 to 2011, 16,6% occurred in prison population. The incidence of TB in prison population is higher than general population in the whole study, mostly in 2009. The risk of an inmate acquire TB is about 30 times higher than general population, and in 2009 this risk was 43,2 (29,3-54,7) times higher. Conclusions: the health system isolation in correctional institutions observed shows the fragility in judiciary and health public politics, besides the indefiniteness of responsibility, coordination, resources and the inexistence of organization logistics of actions among different levels of the health system.
Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) constitui-se, nos dias atuais uma importante “pandemia”, considerando a situação da disseminação como relevante problema de saúde nas prisões, não só em termos de incidência e de prevalência, como também pela frequência de formas resistentes e na co-infecção pelo vírus do HIV. Objetivo: Analisar a situação epidemiológica da TB no sistema prisional no município de São José do Rio Preto/SP, notificados no período de 2007 a 2011. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo analítico tipo coorte retrospectivo realizado por meio de análise documental dos casos notificados de TB na população privada de liberdade das unidades prisionais localizadas em São José do Rio Preto/SP. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo calculo da incidência, risco relativo e intervalo de confiança, adotando-se o nível de significância de 95%. Resultados: Dos 770 casos de TB notificados entre 2007 e 2011, 16,6% ocorreram na população privada de liberdade. A incidência da TB população privada de liberdade foi maior do que na população geral em todo o período do estudo, com destaque para o ano de 2009. O risco de o indivíduo encarcerado contrair a TB é cerca de 30 vezes maior que o individuo em liberdade, sendo que em 2009 esse risco chegou a ser 43,2 (29,3-54,7) vezes maior. Conclusões: O isolamento do sistema de saúde nas instituições penais observado no país demonstra a fragilidade das políticas públicas existentes tanto na área jurídica quanto da saúde, além da indefinição de responsabilidade, gestão, recursos e da inexistência de fluxos e organização das ações entre setores de diferentes níveis da saúde.
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Nel, Nicole. "A surface design intervention for adult inmates infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1436.
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Thesis (MTech (Surface Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007This thesis focuses on an educational Surface Design Intervention (SDI) for inmates. It covers the present day situation, from 2006 to 2007, in a Western Cape correctional facility, regarding the needs of a selected group of inmates. This group of 20 inmates consists of 10 HIV/Aids positive and 10 HIV/Aids negative participants. The thesis argues that there is potential to plan, design and implement an educational SDI, in a group-work situation, with these participants in order to establish the SDI as a skills-development programme and a therapeutic-intervention and income-generating resource. In addition, this research study aims to understand and interpret how the various inmate participants, in a social setting, construct the world around them and what effect and impact the SDI has on them. This intervention is facilitated by two qualified art therapists and involves the use of different art materials through which the prison inmates express and explore their thoughts, feelings and concerns in a safe, contained and supportive space. The health and wellness literature provided the conceptual scaffolding against which to frame the SDI. The literature indicated that a holistic approach to rehabilitation and instruction is vital to help inmates function optimally in daily life. Ultimately, the SDI process indicates the value of identity formation, emotional expression and ethical development. The thesis concludes that oppositional discourses present in the lives of these prisoners can, and indeed should be reconciled in order for them to achieve a positive affirmation of their status. These polarities, once bridged, offer a moderating influence on these prisoners' lives, which contribute to their wellbeing and success both inside and potentially outside of prison.
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Guros, Frankie. "Thinking About Work at Home: Implications for Safety at Work." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2624.
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Safety at work is of the utmost importance to employees and the organizations they work for, and as such, it is a central issue for occupational health psychology. Although dramatic decreases in the number of worker injuries and fatalities have been observed over the last several decades, safety remains a principal concern for organizations. This is especially true in occupations in which employees face serious threats to their personal safety, such as correctional officers (COs). While a number of studies have identified workplace factors that contribute to worker safety, few have attempted to draw a link between employee nonwork experiences and safety at work. In the current study, a model was tested to examine whether the relationship between cognitive nonwork recovery experiences and safety performance at work was mediated by safety motivation. Specifically, the effort-recovery model (Meijman & Mulder, 1998) and the concept of self-regulatory resources (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) were utilized to test these relationships. It was hypothesized that psychological detachment during nonwork time can replenish cognitive resources that employees need in order to feel motivated to be focused on safety in the workplace, and negative work reflection can drain these resources. Furthermore, drawing on Broaden-and-Build theory (Fredrickson, 1998) it was posited that positive work reflection during nonwork time would have a positive relationship with safety motivation. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the relationship between these cognitive recovery experiences and safety motivation would be moderated by individual perceptions of safety climate. The hypotheses were examined in a sample of COs (N = 166) from two correctional facilities in Oregon. The results overall did not provide strong empirical support for the model. No support was found for the role of psychological detachment or negative work reflection. Additionally, perceptions of safety climate did not moderate the relationship between cognitive recovery experiences and safety. However, positive work reflection during nonwork time was significantly associated with safety participation motivation, which in turn had a positive association with safety participation. Additionally analyses revealed that this relationship was reciprocal in nature when utilizing an additional sample four months after data collection, such that safety participation motivation and safety participation predicted positive work reflection. The findings from the current study build on the research between the work-life interface and safety at work, suggesting that positive nonwork experiences can potentially be related to discretional safety performance at work. Implications for practical applications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Bonne-Harbil, Aurelie. "Les droits de la personne détenue en matière de santé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0262.
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La santé des personnes détenues n’a longtemps pas été une préoccupation de la société. Pendant des siècles, la répression pénale a été dominée par la cruauté des châtiments corporels. Malgré une diminution de la souffrance infligée aux délinquants, le recours à l’emprisonnement comme peine principale de droit commun n’a pas ôté à la peine son caractère afflictif en raison de son influence délétère sur l’état physique et mental des personnes détenues. Mais la santé des personnes détenues est progressivement apparue comme un enjeu de santé publique. L’hygiénisation des établissements pénitentiaires et l’organisation progressive des soins aux personnes détenues ont abouti au transfert de la prise en charge sanitaire des personnes détenues du service public pénitentiaire au service public hospitalier. Cette intégration au système de santé de droit commun vise à garantir à la population détenue une qualité et une continuité de soins équivalentes à celles dont bénéficie la population générale. Initialement privées de droits en matière de santé, les personnes détenues se sont alors vues reconnaître un ensemble de droits conférés à tout patient. Toutefois, si eu égard à la particulière vulnérabilité des personnes détenues, des mesures de protection particulières sont mises en œuvre, il n’en demeure pas moins que l’effectivité des droits des personnes détenues en matière de santé se heurte aux contraintes d’ordre et de sécurité du milieu carcéral. Aussi, pour appuyer la reconnaissance des droits des personnes détenues en matière de santé, des garanties juridictionnelles interviennent pour assurer le respect de ces droits. L’intervention de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme renforce la garantie de ces droits issue des textes nationaux. La protection influente du juge européen, qui établit des normes nécessaires à la sauvegarde de la santé des personnes détenues et reconnaît un droit au recours effectif, contraint le juge national à se conformer à la jurisprudence européenne. Ainsi, le juge national intervient non seulement pour condamner toute atteinte aux droits des personnes détenues en matière de santé, mais aussi pour ordonner la libération des personnes détenues lorsqu’aucune autre garantie ne permet d’assurer le respect de leurs droitsUntil recently, society has been largely unconcerned with the health of detainees. For centuries, the penal system has been dominated by the brutality of corporal punishment. Despite a decrease in the suffering inflicted on offenders, the use of detention as the main punishment of common law has not removed the afflictive character from the punishment due to its harmful influence on the physical and mental condition of the detainees. However, the health of the detainees has recently emerged as an issue of public health. The sanitation of penal institutions and the progressive organization of care for the detainees have resulted in the transfer of the detainees’ health care from the public penitentiary system to the public hospital system. This integration of the common law health system seeks to guarantee a standard of care to those detainees that is equivalent to the standard of care enjoyed by the general population. Initially deprived of rights regarding health, the detainee was then recognized with rights that were afforded to all patients. However, if given the particular vulnerability of detainees, special protective measures are implemented, the fact remains that the effectiveness of detainees’ rights regarding health comes up against the constraints of order and security in prisons.Moreover, in order to support the recognition of detainees’ rights regarding health, jurisdictional guarantees intervene to ensure the respect of those rights. The intervention of the European Court of Human Rights reinforces the guarantee of those rights taken from national texts. The influential protection of the European Court of Human Rights which establishes the legal standard necessary to safeguard the health of detainees and recognizes the right to an effective remedy, forces the national court to comply with the European case law. Thus, the national court not only intervenes to condemn any infringement of the detainees’ rights in terms of health, but also to order the release of the detainees when no other guarantee allows to assure the respect for their rights
Books on the topic "Prisons Health aspects"
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Society, Canadian AIDS, and Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, eds. HIV/AIDS in prisons: Final report. Montréal: Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, 1996.
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Jürgens, Ralf. HIV/AIDS in prisons: A discussion paper. Montréal: The Network, 1995.
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Beck, Allen J. Hepatitis testing and treatment in state prisons. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Office of Justice Programs, 2004.
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Peter, Singogo, and Nowa Suprintendent, eds. Baseline survey for Malawi prisons AIDS interventions: Report. [Lilongwe]: EC AIDS Project, National AIDS Control Programme, 1998.
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Nevada. Division of Internal Audits. Audit report, Deptartment of Prisons, Medical Services. Carson City, Nev: The Division, 2000.
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(Organization), Human Rights Watch. Locked up alone: Detention conditions and mental health at Guantanamo. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 2008.
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(Organization), Human Rights Watch. Locked up alone: Detention conditions and mental health at Guantanamo. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 2008.
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(Organization), Human Rights Watch. Locked up alone: Detention conditions and mental health at Guantanamo. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 2008.
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(Organization), Human Rights Watch. Locked up alone: Detention conditions and mental health at Guantanamo. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 2008.
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M, Ostfeld Adrian, ed. Stress, crowding, and blood pressure in prison. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Prisons Health aspects"
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Brandon, Avril, and Gavin Dingwall. "COVID-19 and the Lockdown." In Minority Ethnic Prisoners and the COVID-19 Lockdown, 1–27. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529219555.003.0001.
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The introductory chapter details the affects that COVID-19 had in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom before moving specifically to the ramifications for prisons. It starts by providing an understanding of the pandemic and how Covid- 19 is transmitted, before examining why prisons represented a high-risk environment for transmission. As a public health intervention, lockdown was both inevitable and successful in that, across all of the four jurisdictions in the study, there have been less than 200 deaths in prison. Living in a prison through lockdown was a brutal experience as many aspects of the normal regime ceased. The Chapter details what prison life was like in this period. Finally, the chapter concludes by setting up the book’s hypothesis: as COVID-19 adversely impacted across certain minority groups in the community, were these groups also affected disproportionately in prisons? Specifically, were there aspects of lockdown which were felt especially keenly by prisoners from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Groups, foreign national prisoners, and prisoners from the Irish Travelling Community and the Roma community?
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Zimring, Franklin E. "Two Categorical Alternatives to Prisons." In The Insidious Momentum of American Mass Incarceration, 103–20. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197513170.003.0006.
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This chapter considers what it calls “categorical” shifts in policy to help reduce penal populations. These strategies shift entire categories of government policy that had been traditionally controlled by local criminal justice and state prisons to other parts of government. The first major shift suggested is that drug abuse policy shifts from criminal law to public health, involving police and other first responders but then shifting to institutions of treatment. The second major “categorical” shift takes place within criminal justice, by shifting jurisdiction over aspects of crime custody from prisons to local facilities.
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Nikolaienko, Tetiana. "IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE POLICY REGARDING PRISONS PRIVATIZATION: POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES OF THE PRE-SENT." In Integration of traditional and innovative scientific researches: global trends and regional aspect. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-001-8-2-1.
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. The article is devoted to the privatization of prisons and the provision of commercial services to improve the detention conditions of persons taken into custody in the pre-trial detention centers of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine. These issues have become relevant in modern conditions of experimental projects of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The author of the article has used a comparative approach to define the effectiveness of the implemented projects and the efficiency of public policy in this area. The experience of countries, in which private prisons and the provision of services on a paying basis have proven their effectiveness and gained popularity in the world, has been studied. An analysis of the state policy implementation in this area in such countries as the United States, Norway, France has been accomplished. It showed that paid ser-vices related to the organization of executions, employment of prisoners, the possibility of obtaining certain funds, ensuring health care is carried out exclusively by organizations (corporations), which provide them. Peculiarities of their activity, legal aspects of standardization and possibilities of use in the national space have been investigated. An analysis of a experimental project introduced by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine to provide commercial services to persons taken into custody in pre-trial detention facilities of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine and a project to sell prisons has been carried out. It has been established that for the effectiveness of their implementation it is advisable to take into account the conditions in which the state is, its capabilities, current realities, including the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the probable risks. It has been proposed to consider the provision of commercial services to im-prove the conditions of persons taken into custody in pre-trial detention centers and the privatization of prisons as a multifaceted phenomenon in the context of the state policy of reforming (development) of the penitentiary service. It has been recom-mended to involve the private sector in the state penitentiary system, taking into ac-count the foreign experience, normalize the legal aspects of its activities, optimize the network of existing state-owned enterprises, penitentiary institutions, to ensure the efficiency of their functioning and to provide adequate detention conditions of accused persons (convicts) through effective interaction of the penitentiary service (state) with the private sector and active involvement of local authorities.
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Barr, Owen, and Bob Gates. "People with intellectual disabilities and forensic nursing." In Oxford Handbook of Learning and Intellectual Disability Nursing, 417–52. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198782872.003.0011.
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In the UK, it has been suggested that as many as 7% of prisoners have an intelligence quotient (IQ) of less than 70, and a further 25% have an IQ of 70 to 79. The ‘Transforming Care’ programme of work (England) has highlighted that a number of people with intellectual disabilities are within inpatient beds in a range of settings who might be better placed elsewhere. Nurses for people with intellectual disabilities have a key role when working in forensic services, along with their colleagues who work either directly in prisons or as ‘in-reach practitioners’. Nurses can provide focused risk assessment management strategies in order to inform person-centred care and treatment approaches. They will need to understand the complexities of the forensic population of people with intellectual disabilities, the rights, and aspects of mental health legislation, along with the enormous number of agencies involved. This chapter supports this complex arena of practice with a detailed examination of the issues that nurses for people with intellectual disabilities will need to know.
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Abd Elmoneim, Samhaa. "Clinical Curriculum Revolution to Integrity and “Attunity”." In Medical Education for the 21st Century [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99460.
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Reviewing the history of clinical educational curricula reveals enormous change and progress through successive antiquity up-to the current 21th century. Surely, there are stable fundamental criteria which are pillars in designing any curriculum; however there are torrential inevitable reforms which are important in filling the changeable gaps and fulfilling the ecological and temporal aspects. Over the last 20th century, numerous new paradigms for curricula reforms were constructed to adapt ebullient millennium needs, interactive pedagogical approaches and psychological/sociological learning theories. These reforms fostered clinical practice, integrating core competencies and reflection on designing, and achieving clinical curricula depending on outcome-based models such as clinical competences milestones. On the other hand, systematic approach of Kern′s framework adopts curriculum development through six consecutive interlinked and intersected steps which are refined to eight steps later. Moreover, taking contextual factors into account during curricula planning was evolved in other models such as PRISMS model. Despite all these pearly efforts, there are still caveats about inclusive gaps negligence between education process and overall health system. 3P-6Cs toolkit is deemed a recent novel paradigm that enrolls this role of health systems in clinical training during curricula design.
Conference papers on the topic "Prisons Health aspects"
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McClean, John F., and David Sumner. "Aerodynamic Forces and Vortex Shedding for Surface-Mounted Finite Square Prisms and the Effects of Aspect Ratio and Incidence Angle." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72005.
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The flow around a surface-mounted square prism of finite height was investigated experimentally using a low-speed wind tunnel. Of interest were the effects of aspect ratio and incidence angle on the mean aerodynamic forces and vortex shedding. Compared to the case of the “infinite” (or two-dimensional) square prism, the flow around the finite square prism has not been extensively studied. The experiments were conducted at a Reynolds number of Re = 7.2 × 104 for aspect ratios of AR = 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 and incidence angles of α = 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°. The thickness of the boundary layer on the ground plane relative to the side length was δ/D = 1.5. Measurements of the vortex shedding frequency were made with a single-component hot-wire probe in the wake, and measurements of the mean drag and lift forces were obtained with a force balance. For all aspect ratios and incidence angles, the Strouhal number and the mean drag coefficient were lower than those of an infinite prism, while the mean lift coefficient was of nearly similar magnitude. As the aspect ratio was increased from AR = 3 to 11, the force coefficients and Strouhal number slowly approached the infinite-square-prism data. The behaviours of the mean drag coefficient and Strouhal number with incidence angle were less sensitive compared to the case of the infinite square prism, although a minimum mean drag coefficient, minimum (most negative) mean lift coefficient, and maximum Strouhal number were found at α = 15°. The reduced sensitivity to incidence angle is attributed to the complex three-dimensional flow over the free end of the prism and the downwash flow that enters the near wake. The behaviour of the force coefficients and Strouhal number for the prism of AR = 3 was distinct from the other prisms (with lower values of drag coefficient and lift coefficient magnitude, and a different Strouhal number trend), suggesting the critical aspect ratio was between AR = 5 and AR = 3 in these experiments. In the wall-normal direction, the power spectra for AR = 11 and 9 tended to have weaker and/or more broad-banded vortex shedding peaks near the ground plane and near the free end at α = 0° and 15°. For AR = 7 to 3, well-defined vortex shedding peaks were detected along the entire height of the prisms. For AR = 11 and 9, at α = 30° and 45°, vortex shedding peaks were absent in the power spectra in the upper part of the wake.
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Rostamy, Noorallah, David Sumner, Donald J. Bergstrom, and James D. Bugg. "An Experimental Study of the Flow Above the Free Ends of Surface-Mounted Bluff Bodies." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72028.
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The flow around surface-mounted finite-height bluff bodies is more complex than the flow around a two-dimensional or “infinite” cylinder. The flow over the free end and the boundary layer flow around the body-wall junction strongly influence the near-wake flow pattern. Streamwise tip vortex structures interact in a complex manner with Kármán vortex shedding from the sides of the body, and are responsible for a downward-directed local velocity field in the upper part of the wake known as “downwash.” A second pair of streamwise vortex structures, known as the base vortices, is found close to the ground plane. Upstream of the body the familiar horseshoe vortex is found. The interactions between the tip vortices, base vortices, and Kármán vortex shedding are strongly influenced by the aspect ratio, AR = H/D (for height, H, and width, D), the Reynolds number, Re, and the relative thickness of the boundary layer, δ/D. The flow above the free ends of surface-mounted finite-height circular cylinders and square prisms was studied in a low-speed wind tunnel using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Cylinders and prisms of AR = 9, 7, 5, and 3 were tested at Re = 4.2 × 104. The bodies were mounted normal to a ground plane and were partially immersed in a turbulent flat-plate boundary layer with δ/D = 1.7. PIV measurements were made above the free ends in three vertical planes at different cross-stream locations (y/D = 0, 0.25, and 0.375). The ensemble-averaged streamlines, turbulence intensity and Reynolds shear stress fields were obtained in these planes. The PIV results provide insight into the separated flow above the free ends, including the effects of AR and body shape. For the finite square prism, the large, separated, recirculating flow region extends into the near-wake. For the finite circular cylinder, this region is smaller and the separated flow reattaches onto the free-end surface. For the square prism of AR = 3, considerable difference is seen in the free-end flow pattern compared to the more slender prisms of AR = 9, 7 and 5. In particular, a cross-stream vortex is formed due to interaction between the separated flow from the leading edge of the prism and the reverse flow over the free end. This vortex is seen in all three planes for AR = 3 but only in the symmetry plane for AR = 9, while for the finite circular cylinder the flow pattern above the free end seems to be the same in all three planes for all aspect ratios, consisting of a cross-stream vortex at approximately x/D = 0.