Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prisonniers de guerre – France – Normandie'
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Schneider, Valentin. "La présence allemande en Normandie (1940-1948) : Approche croisée d'une cohabitation franco-allemande forcée." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1680.
Full textNormandy experiences a massive German presence between June 1940 and December 1948. After the military defeat of France in June 1940, numerous German troops occupy the region over four years, first to prepare an invasion of England, then to protect the coast from an allied landing. Whereas 6 June 1944 marks the beginning of the end of the occupation regime, it also conditions the continuity of the presence of German soldiers in the region. Initially placed under the authority of the Allies, the German soldiers in Normandy become prisoners of war used as labour during the pursuit of the war against Germany. Transferred to French custody from 1945, they are then employed within the civil economy. Whereas the contacts between French and Germans have never been as numerous as during the Second World War, this period is often presented as the paroxysm of a Franco-German antagonism born during the 19th century. Based upon a crossed reading of French and German sources, this study investigates the nature and the evolution of the relations between natives and foreigners during this forced cohabitation of more than eight years. The detailed analysis of the quantitative and structural aspects of the German presence, very heterogeneous in space and time, should allow us to gauge to zones of contact between both groups and to distinguish between, on one side, the public opinion and the collective behaviours, generally hostile to the Germans, and, on the other side, the individual attitudes towards the other within the private sphere, much more nuanced
Gandeboeuf, Luc. "Prisonniers et prisons royales en Normandie à la fin du Moyen Age (14e-15e siècles)." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040161.
Full textIn the middle ages, the royal power had not allowed any specific budget, either for the prisons themselves or for their running. Jails were thus settled in various kinds of buildings (in castles, in tower basements, in high walls or simply in town houses). Furthermore, there were many rooms within jails, each of the having a specific use. Among the prisoners, some could not support themselves and their costs was borne by the king. They got very little bread and water. Living conditions were harsh but at the time, people were not deemed to die in jail ; they were there as preventive. Dreadful criminals were put in chains or deep pits. Nevertheless escaping were a common occurrence. The number of capital executions, which was high all through the middle ages, would have come down in the late 15th century, prisoners being banished or sent away rather sentenced to death. Imprisonment became a real sentence
Houmeau, Didier. "Les prisonniers de guerre britanniques de Napoléon 1er." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2010.
Full textAfter the breaking off of the Peace of Amiens, the Premier Consul keeps the British who were present on the French ground as hostages as a reply to the British Government who keeps also French prisoners. But the true reason is more economical. The British prisoners are treated differently from prisoners of war and are only used in what is useful, such as spinning factories.Having a precise census of the British population in the depots was difficult: the documents are incomplete and the transfers from depot to depot too often. There were four depots at the beginning but it went to twelve in 1810 and 15 by the end of the war.Social life is organized and the prisoners tend to recreate the “British way of life” with much rejoicing in the various depots. But money games bring quarrels and debts. Escapes arises hunger in the French War Ministry. Exchanges are seldom and wounded and disabled men are part of these exchanges. Health remains a major problem and food is of poor quality. Death rate is severe. Except weddings and births, they have not left anything as they did not build but remembrance is still there
Gayme, Évelyne. "L'image des prisonniers de guerre français de la Seconde guerre mondiale : 1940-2000." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100127.
Full textContrarily to World War One prisoners of war, those of World War Two have never been forgotten. Owing to the movie La Grande Illusion, which came out in 1937 and again in 1946, prisoners were in all minds, especially as every family knew a prisoner personally. A basic image spread, in which the French people recognized themselves : prisoners were victims, average Frenchmen. This image was created during the war and carried on, owing to movies, literature and the self-censored witnesses who agreed with the existing image. As prisoners of war feared they had to justify themselves for the French defeat, censored themselves and selected the tales they chose to tell. However the public opinion's view was only negative during summer and autumn of 1945, on account of the Pétain trial. But prisoners of war were officially proclaimed fighting men as from 1949. This image, though constantly present in society, did not alter much and at that only with the abilities of identification and the expectations of the French people. The prisoner of war was an ordinary man facing the gaullien resistant during the Sixties. He hated war while decolonization took place. He proved that the enemy could be human even when the Cold War demonized the Other. During the Fifties, a minority among senior prisoners rose against this image, which did not show their private sufferings and the values in which they believed. The prisoners chose the Seventies to reestablish a more realistic picture of what they had lived through and enlightered the dark hours of World War Two. Unsuccessfully : the French people being unable to identify with too specific an image. Nowadays, senior prisoners argue that each one of their experience was so unique that no one image can reflect the diversity or their traumas
Rouanet, David. "Les prisonniers de guerre étrangers dans le nord-est de la France (1803-1814)." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040256.
Full textFew studies on foreigners prisoners of war made by Napoleon's troops from 1803 to 1814 existed. The captives from countries coalized against french Empire were sent in the north-east of ancient France, politically safe. They experimented the change of war customs during these eleven years of conflict, announcing the XXth century's long and hard captivities. This thesis, after explaining the legal condition of the prisoners of war in the earlier XIXth century, attempt to evaluate their number interned in the north-east of France. The beginnings of the captivity, the transfer of pow to french Empire, their settlement in dump cities between the Marne and the Rhine rivers, their reactions face this long time captivity and finally their liberation will be successively analysed. This thesis shows that it is better to talk internment than confinement for the major part of Napoleon's captives
Laliberté, René. "La France et la gestion des prisonniers de guerre pendant la guerre de Sept Ans (1756-1763) : trois échelles du système de captivité militaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69906.
Full textTaking the Seven Years’ War as a case study, this research argues that the detention of prisoners of war in France generates the connexion of multiple components of the French state, driven by the objective of administrating captivity and proceeding to the prisoners’ exchanges. A non-instated war captivity system is at work, with the Secretary of State for War at its head. Here, the system is macro analysed through the lens of three of its scales. First, the normative scale explores the ideal conceptions of war captivity, their evolution in practice and in theory. Follows the prisoners’ scale, where the direct administration of the prisoner’s captivity is explored from their entrance in the system to their exit. Finally, the state’s scale embraces the main captivity system’s aspects that engage the France as a whole.
Cochet, François. "Retour et réinsertion des prisonniers, déportés et rapatriés : l'exemple des champenois (1945-1954)." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIML001.
Full textThéofilakis, Fabien. "Les prisonniers de guerre allemands en mains françaises (1944-1949) : captivité en France, rapatriement en Allemagne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100184/document.
Full textBetween the end of 1944 and the end of 1948, almost one million German prisoners of war were detained in metropolitan France by the new authorities. As hated figures of the German occupation and the Nazi defeat, Hitler’s soldiers, henceforth vanquished, became a main issue of how to get out of the war, which involved a large number of actors. The authorities of the provisional government of the French republic were immediately confronted with a huge logistical challenge: to take care of a mass of prisoners, whereas France at the time of Liberation already had some difficulties to provide for its own population. Whereas German prisoners had been claimed and kept above all as labor to rebuild France. From being military in nature, the German captivity in French hands became an economic phenomenon and posed the question of the maintenance of this labor force. Removing the prisoners from camps presented some solutions, but spread progressively the management to the whole society: employers, mayors, but also local populations and public opinions who came in contact with this new German presence. The “German POWs question” became an issue of domestic policy, which made the conflicting diversity of war experiences resonate: Where is the line between the economically profitable treatment, but politically not so patriotic? Who must have priority in the allocation of POW labor? Must the work of this latter be due to the employer or to benefit the whole nation? Answers to these problems defined a certain idea of the reconstruction. This question of the treatment of POWs exceeds the national framework to become an issue of the Franco-American relationships in the after-war period and, de facto, of German policy - decided by two allies with such unequal status: 70% of the prisoners managed by the French had been transferred by the Americans who wanted to keep the responsibility as the detaining power. With the end of the conflict, then the beginning of the Cold War, which changed American priorities, the management of the German POWs at the international scale gives the opportunity to observe how the transatlantic bilateralism was progressively integrated into the European framework which set its own agenda. How could the French authorities meet the claims for liberation from 1946 without thwarting the Monnet plan?
Durand, Yves. "Opinion et pouvoirs dans les années quarante : le Loiret, Vichy, les prisonniers de guerre, la reconstruction." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100101.
Full textThe thesis includes a collection of studies on the period of the fourties. Published works: -"Vichy, 1940-1944"; -"Liberation in the Loire valley countries"; - "Loiret in war-time"; - "Captivity; a history of the french prisoners of war, 1939-1945"; - "The daily life of the prisoners of war, 1939-1945". Articles and other publications : - "Vichy policy at work in the provinces : the "Departement du Loiret" as an exemple", in "Le Gouvernement de Vichy, 1940-1942"; -"The regional policy of Vichy at work : the regional "prefecture" of Orleans", in "Regions et regionalismes"; - "Political collaboration in the countries of central Loire", in revue d'histoire de la deuxième guerre mondiale, juillet 1973 "Reconstruction and urban projects on the ruins of juin 1940 : the bombed out cities of the loiret as an exemple" (in rev. D'hist. De la deux. Guerre mond. , juillet 1970). - "Modernisation and reconstruction : conclusions drawn from the study of the rebuilding of Orleans. " in the symposium on France getting modernized (fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1981). - "The Organisations of former prisoners of war" in "war's memory" (universite of metz). All these works are dealing with a common theme, that of the relationships between opinion and the "authorities", in France, between 1939 and 1949. They aim at understanding better : -how war, the occupation and the liberation of France together with its aftermath, have been lived through by French populations. -how, at bottom level, populations have reacted to the problems arising from those events; - how those reactions interacted with the position related to the same events and problems which were taken by the successive local and central authorities, during those troubled times
Moreau, Jean-Bernard. "Attitudes, moral et opinions des officiers français prisonniers de guerre en Allemagne (1940-1945)." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040279.
Full textRichard, Ronan. "La nation, la guerre et l'exilé : représentations, politiques et pratiques à l'égard des réfugiés, des internés et des prisonniers de guerre dans l'Ouest de la France durant la Première guerre mondiale." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20064.
Full textFrom 1914 to 1918, the West of France welcomed a great many displaced populations. Among them, the refugees, the prisoners of war and the civilian prisoners where the most numerous group. The sense of nationhood implied free and spontaneous integration of refugees and repressive rejection of those belonging to enemy nations. The refugees, considered locally as "foreigners", were generally warmly welcomed whereas those coming from enemy countries where immediately considered as "undesirables". However, from the end of 1914, the hopes to have a short war where shattered and the coming back on the forefront of material and manpower concerns led to a change in opinions and attitudes. The refugees where less warmed spontaneously welcomed and where often confined to groups of huts while the prisoners of war and the civilian prisoners were massively integrated into the local economy and appreciated as workers. This evolution proved that at the beginning of the century the sense of nationhood was an ideal cut out for a short war
Baldenweck, Michel. "De la Résistance au rétablissement de la légalité républicaine en Normandie : histoire de la Seine Inférieure (1943-1946) de l'occupation à la Libération." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL004.
Full textWe analyze the return to legality and Republican organization processes and decisions of the resistance and their effects in Seine Inferieure from 1943 to 1946. The study of the evolution of new political balance in the department since 1936 and is part of a description and analysis of new administrative and economic organizations : the regional prefects and intendants, the state police, specialized services repression against the resistance. We analyzed the main power groups : the Catholic Church, the Freemasons, the Jewish community, economic organizations, political parties, trade unions. . . It is also an analysis of the continuity of the state in the context of war, occupation, collaboration and the Liberation and during the purification. Particular attention was paid to the Resistance : its formation, its components, its business and its staff, its action at the exit of War, the establishment and functioning of the Departmental Commitee of National Liberation (CDLN) and local commitees (CLLN). We analyzed the output of War and the various problems facing the Seine inferieure and more generally in Normandy. The task of the authorities was immediately to face, once calm was restored, supplies in the clearing, sea and land mine clearance, reconstruction, the return of deportees and required the STO, the management of German POWs, restart the business activity, including the reopening of ports and rail links and waterways. Attention was paid to the political and administrative treatment, to that of businesses and the conclusions of the commission of illegal profits, internments, the courts of justice and civic Rooms were created in 1944
Al, Kadouci Ossama. "La poésie de la Résistance à travers les exemples de Pierre Emmanuel, de Pierre Seghers et de quelques poètes prisonniers." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1404.
Full textAgostini-Lippi, Karyn. "Les prisonniers de guerre de l'axe en main française 1939-1940 / 1942-1948 : statut hypothétique - gestion casuelle - conséquences aléatoires." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32036.
Full textFrom the beginning of the conflict to the moment of the implementation of the armistice, France only held a few hundred German prisoners of war. Nevertheless, this period is primordial because it corresponds with the enforcement of a regulation creating a specific management organisation and defining measures applied to prisoners of war. The Forces francaises libres [Free french forces] applied this in its entirety following the resumption of hostilities in French North Africa in 1942. However, this regulation had to be supplemented in 1945 to enable the management of more than one million prisoners of war native from most Axis countries. In order to analyse the legal evolution of France's management of these prisoners, it is necessary to integrate the study of the application of Geneva Conventions as well as the relationship of the French authorities with their powerful British and American Allies
Quinton, Laurent. "Une littérature qui ne passe pas : récits de captivité des prisonniers de guerre français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1940-1953)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194520.
Full textEntre 1940 et 1953, pas moins de 188 récits — témoignages, journaux, romans — furent publiés, qui constituent un corpus riche qui n'a pas été étudié jusqu'à présent. Cette thèse de doctorat entreprend de démêler, à travers l'étude du contexte littéraire et politique de l'époque, les différents enjeux qui gravitent autour de ces récits.
Triquet, Ismérie. "Les manuscrits enluminés de la Grande Chronique de Normandie aux XIVe et XVe siècles." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20032.
Full textIn the late Middle Ages, the writting of the GCN gave to the norman historiography a new growth in the second half of the 14th century. The text dealt with the history of the duchy of Normandy and the anglo-Norman world from 911 to 1204. In 911, the Viking chief Rollo received the territory of Neustrie from Charles the Simple, king of France, in exchange of the promise to defend the border and to become catholic. The Normans increased there territory over the Channel, thus they started a new dynasty in England. The Normandy has been attached to the french crown under the reign of Philippe Auguste. At a late stage, the text of the GCN has been illuminated with typologic scenes, traditionnaly used in medieval chronicals. Moreover, images became more and more complicated and narrative as well, whose purpose was still the highlighting ofthe anglo-Norman dynasty. The context of the making of the manuscripts is very specific in so far as they have been made during or shortly after the One Hundred Year War. The norman history will be used for the political interest of the belligerants as well as to educate the medieval readership. Widely spread in Nothern France, the illuminated manuscripts permitted the settlement of an iconographic tradition related to the anglo-Norman dynasty in three great artistic centres : the Nomandy, Paris and Flanders. Finally, the text has been changed and increased in order to go on the norman history till now. The GCN managed to go through the period of printing, therefore it lost its new iocnography recently gained
Marie-Orléach, Etienne. "Les témoignages des civils bas-normands, traitant du Débarquement et de la Bataille de Normandie : Étude critique." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1711.
Full textIn Summer 1944, the Normans were caught in the peak of the war for nearly three months. At the height of the fighting, more than two million soldiers fought while one million Normans, powerless, attended the process of the battles. The event brought these civilians to immediately write many accounts. They also wrote afterwards throughout the following decades, particularly on the occasion of commemorations (1984, 1994, 2004). The objective here is not to give a classic study of the life and death of civilians through their testimonies. Our research enshrines in the same vein as the concept of 'war culture' that the specialists of WWI have been initiating for some years. They have especially shown the huge gap we can find between the testimonies the former soldiers published in the 1920s and 1930s, which were widely influenced by the pacifist ideology of the time, and the testimonies written during the battles, which displayed on the contrary a large support to the war. We therefore have the ambition to apply the method to a striking episode of WWII. In this respect, we have an important collection of near one thousand accounts, a quarter of which were written on the spot. We intend to examine the evolution of the testimonies (topics, vocabulary. . . ) subjected to both the hazards of the individual and collective memories and the context in which their writing occured
Guillaume, Habersack Alice. "Les travailleurs étrangers à Heidelberg pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040048.
Full textOver nine million foreign workers were employed in Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Among those workers from all over Europe, there were volonteers, prisoners of war, but also civilians, women, children and old people who had been forcibly deported to work and support the Third Reich's economy. In Heidelberg as well as averywhere else in Germany, foreign workers were very present during the war. This study shows how indipensable their presence was in so many sectors, and in which way their working stations and conditions of life (salary, accomodation, nutrition, clothing) depended essentially on the Nazi prescriptions related to their "race". Work, as well as starvation, Hygiene conditions, ill-treatment, illness, daily life and resistance take a major place in this study whose object is to fill up a gap in French research which so far has rather specialized in studies about French POW's ans STO. The present work is essentially based on unpublished sources of Heidelberg's municipal record office as well as on testimonies of former deported civilians from Eastern France who allow us to comprehend the daily life of some of these millions of foreigners
Fauroux, Camille. "Les travailleuses civiles de France : des femmes dans la production de guerre de l'Allemagne national-socialiste (1940-1945)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0117.
Full textThis study considers how transnational work policies and nation-building projects shaped the intimate, daily lives of the 80,000 women who departed from France to work in Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1944. The large-scale employement of foreign labor in Germany was part of a broader strategy to increase military production without disturbing the Nazi family order. The German recruitement of French women created tensions for the French state which sought both to foster economic collaboration and restore the French family. This dissertation examines these transnational wartime labor policies and discourses and links them to personal experience, drawing on a case study of French women employed in Berlin's electronic industry. These women lived in foreign workers' camps organized by their employers. These camps were key in enabling surveillance and work coercion, while preventing families from living together. In this context, the women created precarious and informal romantic relations, many giving birth to children. Mother-child ties were monitored and facilitated in the camps, but became increasingly difficult to maintain as work pressure rose. Bridging transnational and personal scales, this thesis examines the nexus of war, work, and family while addressing themes of agency, gender, and memory
Hélin, Nathalie. "Honfleur et son arrière-pays : chronique d'un espace militaire (1367-1530)." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070083.
Full textEstablishing an outstanding fortress in Honfleur Charles V led the town and its hinterland, especially the Viscounty of Auge, in a military dynamic. This dynamic has remained so long as naval warfare animates the shores of the English Channel. Initial headquarters of the France Admiralty, the naval base quarters high ranking officers and the best privateers. During its military expansion, Honfleur is a population catcher attracting experts, craftsmen and merchants coming from other French provinces or foreign countries. It is a melting pot where all nationalities merge. Military activities and chandlery stimulate local economy even during the English occupation when the harbor and its hinterland worked with the English government. In troubled times and in a context of depopulation, uncultivated areas such as woods and pastures are stable assets. Officers' wages and privateers' catches are locally reinvested, especially in cattle. "Augeron" manors, agrarian investments, scattered in the countryside, reveal the affluence of local elites. The "Honfleurais" and the "Augerons", who are seafarers, prove to show solidarity, to be cultured, enterprising and multi-active. Seeing mobile, a large part of the population moved to the other bank of the estuary of the river Seine when the Havre de Grace was founded in 1517 to engage into international maritime trade which then takes precedence over military activities
Vaha, Isabelle. "Les Maisons d’enfants sous tutelle du Secours National-Entr’Aide d’Hiver du Maréchal, entre prescrit idéologique et créativité pédagogique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080091.
Full text« When our young men et woman will become adults, we shall not deceive them with highwords and illusory hopes, we will teach them to open their eyes wide to reality » …/…Sentence quoted from one of Marechal PETAIN’ speeches which points out - without ambiguity - an instrumentalization of the youth in those troubled times of German Occupation in France, not to mention that the assistance policy carried out by the "Secours National/Entr'Aide d'Hiver du Maréchal" in favour of child protection had also been - with evidence - totally instrumentalized. But is it only that ? …/…The opening of Children Houses is, without any doubt, one the ways of dealing with a too often dramatic situation, mainly in response to a most pragmatic need. Indeed, the children ( essentially those living in cities) are in great precarity, often underfed and in a very poor physical and psychological condition.Thus, these Houses will contribute, as a priority, to the health-care reconstruction of the country’most vulnerable population.These will even be designated as overfeeding centers.Hosting, taking care of, and supervising these children in a loving and respectful way, in the context that we all know, can be seen as a nonsense.Indeed, the very idea of considering that a strategy to protect children and rebuild an educational system, had been implemented in France during the German occupation, has every reason to question us all... when we know what the Vichy Goverment had been capable of… , tracking down « undesirables » various persecutions, wait-and-see attitudes or, on the contrary, active collaboration, etc…However, these Children Homes, under certain circumstances and in the name of a openly assumed or hidden will from its actors, have tried or even succeeded in reversing the equation of repression in all its aspects.As for innovating , pedagogically speaking, under the Vichy Government, that seems totally unconceivable.Moreover, it is difficult to imagine that the children could have been a matter of real concern to the Vichy government.However, some adults, decision-makers or not, victims or not of persecution, have spared no efforts to break the logic of a distressing determinism.Not to consider this, would simply be to deny the role and work of some of these actors regarding this part of the French History.…/…As imperfect as our investigations may be, we can say that the Children's Houses may have been, as far as possible, a response to the devastation of the war against children, setting a distance from adults in distress, thus slowing down the process of a early and forced maturation, due to all physical an emotional deprivation of which they were victims.Not to forget also, that these Houses, were also a place where the children had to face their own anguish not knowing what tomorrow would bring.However, some of them , have fulfilled missions that can be described as life-saving.This research work reports back on the behaviour of all these actors, despite the tremendous difficulties they had to face, but who HAVE MADE History, often silently….without forgetting the children !
Lamache, Stéphane. "Les Américains dans la région de Cherbourg en 1944 et 1945 : l'implantation de la Normandy Base Section dans le Nord Cotentin et ses conséquences." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1586.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis is to put an emphasis on the diversity of phenomena related to the presence of American troops from the Liberation until the end of the World war II. Up to now, the landing of the Allied Forces in June 6th 1944 as well as the Battle of Normandy, have been the focus of numerous university publications. Nevertheless, numerous parts of the historical panorama of this region, intermingled with the events, remain unscrutinized. The presence of American troops hinges upon a huge logistic system orchestrated from La Manche ( in the Nord Cotentin ) and more particularly from Cherbourg. This thesis aims at examining this very peculiar military « occupation », derived from the Allied Forces plans called : the Overlord operation, from every angle. At the very beginning, the main objective of Americans is to capture Cherbourg, a deep-water port, as a base to bring more troops and necessary equipments to carry out their « Invasion ». Cherbourg will indeed remain the headquarter of the Normandy Base Section until february 1945. We still need to place the long term settlement of these troops in a context endowed with the political, sociological and economical uncertainties of this period. Considering theses three aspects, we notice that the forced cohabitation of Normans and Americans sometimes highlights the gap between the official history of Franco-American relations and reality. The study of this gap is the true backbone of this thesis. As a matter of fact, the Liberation of Normandy by the Allied Forces in summer 1944 conjures up images of a spontaneous popular jubilation. Yet, a close study of the aforesaid cohabitation falls short of the idyllic images and, on the contrary, reflects a growing deterioration, through time, of human relationships between both groups
Paquet, Fabien. "Des crosses et des couronnes : pοuvοirs abbatiaux et pοuvοirs rοyaux dans le diοcèse de Rοuen (fin du ΧΙΙe - milieu du ΧVe siècle)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC029.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the evolution of the power of the abbots of eleven male Benedictine abbeys of the diocese of Rouen between the end of the 12th century and the middle of the 15th century, focusing on the largest of them (Le Bec, Fécamp, Saint-Ouen, Saint-Wandrille...) but also on more modest and unknown monasteries. At the heart of the reasoning lie the relationship of the abbots with the French and English royal powers. After the integration of Normandy in the Capetian royal domain in 1204, the abbots became royal: studying in particular the acts of the practice, this thesis proposes a definition of this category. The role of Philip Augustus in the building of these relationships between crosiers and crowns is underlined. The political continuation of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, coupled with economic prosperity, resulted on the one hand in a real freedom of elections in the Norman monasteries and on the other hand in the advent of abbots managers, who even managed to preserve the property of their abbeys located in the lands of the King of England. The beginnings of the Hundred Years’ War were a real turning point: from then on, the abbots had to engage in political affairs and war (especially in the conflict between the King of France and the King of Navarre, then at the time of the conquest of Normandy by Henry V, after his victory at Azincourt in 1415). Based on a prosopography of one hundred and eighty-eight abbots, the thesis also studies the profile of these superiors (their social and geographical origins, their formartion and career, etc.) and the evolution of the abbatial figure over these three centuries: more and more superiors studied at the university and/or gravitated in the circles of power of the Church or of the kings. As a result, they were less and less physically present in their cloisters, accustoming the monks to their absence, while the freedom of the elections was gradually cut off under the influence of the pope and kings. Besides, the study, in particular, of the narrative and figurative sources shows that the representations of their power evolved in parallel: more and more attentive to their external prestige, marked in particular by the wearing of the pontifical insignia, they looked less and less like to the monks who they were ruling. This thesis proposes to read the setting up of the commendatory system in the continuity of these evolutions of the abbatial power, which appear less as a crisis than as a mutation
Jaladieu, Corinne. "Les centrales sous le gouvernement de Vichy : Eysses, Rennes, 1940-1944." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20022.
Full textHow does prison operate under Vichy ? How are the German and French circuits of imprisonment articulated ? A key to the study of these questions is provided by a monographic approach of the two long term prisons of Eysses (Lot-et-Garonne) for men, and Rennes (the only prison for women under Vichy). Prison is "articulate" revealing a population which had never been so numerous (55 000 at the end of 1943, against 18 000 at the end of 1939), most of the inmates being common right prisoners (abortion, thefts), but also an increasing number of political prisoners. The resistance fighters, who are often clandestine, thus become clearly visible. What is stressed here, is the image of prison, its interdependence with the outside world, all the social links which build up. To the image of a black period in the history the penitentiary system where arbitrariness and suffering triumph, a new image is added that of humanistic meetings between detainees of all backgrounds marked permanently by their time spent in prison, a place for education, thinking and the pursuit of the revival of democratic values in liberated France
Paquet, Fabien. "Des crosses et des couronnes : pοuvοirs abbatiaux et pοuvοirs rοyaux dans le diοcèse de Rοuen (fin du ΧΙΙe - milieu du ΧVe siècle)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC029.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the evolution of the power of the abbots of eleven male Benedictine abbeys of the diocese of Rouen between the end of the 12th century and the middle of the 15th century, focusing on the largest of them (Le Bec, Fécamp, Saint-Ouen, Saint-Wandrille...) but also on more modest and unknown monasteries. At the heart of the reasoning lie the relationship of the abbots with the French and English royal powers. After the integration of Normandy in the Capetian royal domain in 1204, the abbots became royal: studying in particular the acts of the practice, this thesis proposes a definition of this category. The role of Philip Augustus in the building of these relationships between crosiers and crowns is underlined. The political continuation of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, coupled with economic prosperity, resulted on the one hand in a real freedom of elections in the Norman monasteries and on the other hand in the advent of abbots managers, who even managed to preserve the property of their abbeys located in the lands of the King of England. The beginnings of the Hundred Years’ War were a real turning point: from then on, the abbots had to engage in political affairs and war (especially in the conflict between the King of France and the King of Navarre, then at the time of the conquest of Normandy by Henry V, after his victory at Azincourt in 1415). Based on a prosopography of one hundred and eighty-eight abbots, the thesis also studies the profile of these superiors (their social and geographical origins, their formartion and career, etc.) and the evolution of the abbatial figure over these three centuries: more and more superiors studied at the university and/or gravitated in the circles of power of the Church or of the kings. As a result, they were less and less physically present in their cloisters, accustoming the monks to their absence, while the freedom of the elections was gradually cut off under the influence of the pope and kings. Besides, the study, in particular, of the narrative and figurative sources shows that the representations of their power evolved in parallel: more and more attentive to their external prestige, marked in particular by the wearing of the pontifical insignia, they looked less and less like to the monks who they were ruling. This thesis proposes to read the setting up of the commendatory system in the continuity of these evolutions of the abbatial power, which appear less as a crisis than as a mutation
Francois, Anne. "Exploiter terres et populations conquises au nom du national-socialisme : l'Ostland dans les Ardennes pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC030/document.
Full textIn May 1940, the population of the Ardennes fled from the arrival of the German troops. The economic and agricultural ressources of the department, which yet had been subject to evacuation plans since the thirties, were given up to the occupying forces. A few weeks later, a large area of the North-East of France including the Ardennes was declared « forbidden zone ». The cultivable land was confiscated from its owners and taken over for the benefit of the Reich by a company named Ostland, which had already orchestrated a similar spoliation movement in Poland since its invasion. One of its local subsidiaries, WOL III , set up in the Ardennes a vast project to implement the National Socialist agricultural methods which required an abundant workforce. Some German farmers, called crop managers, were sent out there to run large farms on which several thousands of French and colonial prisoners as well as 5000 Ardennes farmers were working under duress. Jewish labourers were also recruited and thousands of Poles, expelled from their villages, were deported to work on these farms with intensive agriculture. This situation caused social tensions that were particuliarly evident during the Liberation and during the « purification » trials involving some WOL employees. French authorities tried to manage the liquidation of the German company and the organisation of the repatriation of the Poles, two difficult operations that took many months to complete. Recognition of Ostland victims was uneven and late since it occurred only from the 1990s onwards. Distinct memories specific to the different groups of workers also emerged at that time and were expressed during commemorations
Moulin, Marie-Anne. "Argentan au Moyen Âge : aspects urbains, sociaux et économiques." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0145.
Full textThe important archives available allow to explain the development of the city of Argentan, from its beginning as a castle controlling a cross roads and the river Orne, till the end of the middle Ages. They also permit to knovv the political évolution, the social structures and the economy of this small Normandy city. In that context, the different local institutions - lords, urban organisation and parishes -become real through buildings - castle, city walls, churches and hospitals, always rebuilt from the 13* to the 15 century. The organisation of those works depends on the institution which is building. The decision, the direction and the following of those works are explained for churches, hospitals and the castle. The question of materials - how they are chosen and moved to the building area, where they are from, which quality - permit to discover a good exploitation of local resources. Building workers. Mainly from the close area, are able to work on différent kind of buildings and to do very different operations on the building and also have good technical capacities, learned in the family