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Journal articles on the topic 'Prisoners of war Victoria History'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Lawrence, Ruth E., and Marc P. Bellette. "Gold, timber, war and parks : A history of the Rushworth Forest in central Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10022.

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The Rushworth Forest is a Box and Ironbark open sclerophyll forest in central Victoria that has been subject to a long history of gold mining activity and forest utilisation. This paper documents the major periods of land use history in the Rushworth Forest and comments on the environmental changes that have occurred as a result. During the 1850s to 1890s, the Forest was subject to extensive gold mining operations, timber resource use, and other forest product utilisation, which generated major changes to the forest soils, vegetation structure and species cover. From the 1890s to 1930s, concern for diminishing forest cover across central Victoria led to the creation of timber reserves, including the Rushworth State Forest. After the formation of a government forestry department in 1919, silvicultural practices were introduced which aimed at maximising the output of tall timber production above all else. During World War II, the management of the Forest was taken over by the Australian Army as Prisoner of War camps were established to harvest timber from the Forest for firewood production. Following the War, the focus of forestry in Victoria moved away from the Box and Ironbark forests, but low value resource utilisation continued in the Rushworth Forest from the 1940s to 1990s. In 2002, about one-third of the Forest was declared a National Park and the other two-thirds continued as a State Forest. Today, the characteristics of the biophysical environment reflect the multiple layers of past land uses that have occurred in the Rushworth Forest.

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2

Averianova, Nina. "BATALISTICS IN FOREIGN AND UKRAINIAN ART HISTORY." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 29 (2021): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.29.1.

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he author of the article shows that in art there have always been and are works of art that accurately reflect life conflict situations. They become an object of study for their further prevention and leveling. In turn, the artistic understanding of conflict phenomena complements, strengthens and facilitates the scientific analysis of the problems of the emergence of conflicts and the dynamics of their passage. In the visual arts, the works of the master depicting war, armed conflicts and confrontations are singled out in a separate - battle genre. Its origins can be found in many ancient cultures around the world. Draws attention to the fact that each of the stages in the development of culture leaves the next generations with examples of art with the fixation of external signs of the way of life. As well as social, national, spiritual, aesthetic issues of their time. Renaissance artists in battle compositions not only glorified the victories of commanders and conquerors and recorded important historical moments of military campaigns, but also filled these plots with new deep content. Artists of the 17th century openly addressed the realities of contemporary life, in particular, such dramatic phenomena as war and armed conflicts. In their works, they praised heroes, kings and generals, at the same time exposed robberies, looting and cruelty of soldiers. During the Napoleonic War, artists concentrated on conveying victories, heroism and glory in the war. They also showed his ugly sides: fear of hunger, cruelty, executions of prisoners, rape and human degradation. In the twentieth century. the methods and means of warfare have changed significantly, this clearly manifested itself during the First World War. Accordingly, the art of this period is the art of great upheavals, revolutions and world wars. Nowadays, both foreign and domestic artists, mainly work in a realistic style, they depict in detail military equipment, elements of combat, soldiers in dynamics. The point is that such paintings are replacing color photography, because today they are in significant demand. Proves that the plots of wars, battles and conflicts remain in demand in art, they continue to actively influence people's emotions and the formation of public opinion.

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3

Doyle, Robert C., Philip Towle, Margaret Kosuge, and Yoichi Kibata. "Japanese Prisoners of War." Journal of Military History 65, no. 4 (October 2001): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677691.

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4

Rich, J. W. "Prisoners of War." Classical Review 55, no. 1 (March 2005): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clrevj/bni133.

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5

ОПЛАКАНСКАЯ, Рената. "Проведение репатриации польских военнопленных в Минусинском уезде Енисейской губернии в 1921 г = Provedeniye repatriatsii pol'skikh voyennoplennykh v Minusinskom uyezde Yeniseyskoy gubernii v 1921 g." Historia i Świat 4 (September 16, 2015): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2015.04.16.

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After the conclusion of the of Riga peace treaty between Poland and Soviet Russia the repatriation procedure was started. At that time in the Minusinsk's County was 418 prisoners of war. There were prisoners of the Austro-Hungarian and German armies and the former lieges of the Russian Empire. Natives of the Russian Empire accounted for one third group of Polish prisoners of war, but among them were many representatives of the nobility, as well as persons who have received education before the war. The Prisoners of war were part of labour brigades in the Yeniseijsk`s province which were sent to the logging and working industrial enterprises. All of the prisoners of war were to be registered. Special Commission including the Soviet leaders of Polish origin, dedicated to setting of Polish nationality to persons who had no documents. During the registration, some of the prisoners of war were persecuted by the Cheka. The arrested prisoners were charged with voluntary service for Kolchak, counterrevolutionary propaganda. It was a violation of the Agreement of the repatriation between Poland and Soviet Russia. After the repatriation a small group of Polish prisoners of war remained to Minusinsk`s County.

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6

Олександр Вікторович Мосієнко. "AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN AND RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA AMONG THE PRISONERS OF WAR DURING WORLD WAR I: ANALYSIS OF PRACTICES." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111828.

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The article traces the peculiarities of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian propaganda on prisoners of war and interned persons. The state of the study of the topic in the modern historical literature is analyzed and unresolved aspects are indicated. The use of prisoners of war for political and military purposes was sought by both empires. In the course of the First World War, the Russian command took such a step as the formation of military units from the prisoners of war of the hostile army – Czechs, Slovaks and Serbs. These units were created not only as purely military but also political units – for the agitation of the Slavic population of Austria-Hungary to the rebellion against government. In the Habsburg monarchy also hoped to use prisoners of war to undermine the combat capability of the Russian army. For this purpose, the Austro-Hungarian camps began the differentiation of the prisoners on a national basis. Ukrainian and Polish prisoners of war of the czar’s army were under privileged conditions, better provided with food, as well as better conditions for leisure and educational practices. Significant work in this direction was deployed by Ukrainian organizations that functioned on the territory of Austria-Hungary. Political agitation was supplemented by religious, which was carried out by Ukrainian priests from Galicia and Bukovina. National-cultural propaganda of the Union of the Liberation of Ukraine (SVU) and the separation of prisoners on national grounds for the Austrian military command were a means of recruiting volunteers for front-line propaganda, organizing an uprising in the rear of the Russian army in the Caucasus and the Kuban. Imperial propaganda was carried out mainly through print media specifically designed for prisoners of war.A promising object of historical research is the study of the content and visual aspects of propaganda, the peculiarities of the cooperation of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian authorities with representatives of national organizations in organizing propaganda among prisoners of war.

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7

Carlson, Paul H., and Brad D. Lookingbill. "War Dance at Fort Marion: Plains Indian War Prisoners." Journal of Southern History 73, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27649526.

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8

Grady, Tim. "British prisoners of war in First World War Germany." First World War Studies 10, no. 2-3 (September 2, 2019): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2020.1774123.

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9

Powell, Allan Kent, and Arnold Krammer. "Nazi Prisoners of War in America." Journal of Military History 62, no. 2 (April 1998): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/120770.

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10

Krivonozhenko, Alexander. "Prisoners of War and Local Population in Karelia during the World War I." ISTORIYA 13, no. 3 (113) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015970-6.

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The main reason for the appearance of prisoners of war in Karelia during the World War I is associated with the implementation of large construction projects. The total number of prisoners of war was established based on archival sources. It was prepared special statistical samples. On the basis of them it was established the ethnic picture of the contingent of prisoners, as well as their nationality. It was found that the prisoners of war temporarily affected the current demographic situation in the region because in a separate territory of Karelia their number exceeded the number of the local male population. The problem of interaction with the local population is considered from several positions. The prisoners lived in peasant houses and had the opportunity to buy food from peasant shops. There were cases of prisoners marrying local women. The prisoners living in Petrozavodsk became part of the city's everyday life by the end of the war. Their civilian qualifications were in high demand among local residents.

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11

Ahern, W. H. "War Dance at Fort Marion: Plains Indian War Prisoners." Journal of American History 93, no. 4 (March 1, 2007): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25094673.

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12

Kodin, E. V., and I. I. Rodionov. "Repatriation of Polish Prisoners of War from Camps of Central Russia (1921–1922)." Modern History of Russia 11, no. 1 (2021): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2021.105.

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The problem of prisoners of war of the Polish-Soviet war of 1919–1920 remains one of the most debatable issues in modern historiography. This topic is poorly studied in both domestic and foreign (especially Polish) historiography. The article deals with the process and mechanism of repatriating Polish prisoners from camps in Central Russia in 1921–1922. The authors note that the discussion of repatriation began at the end of 1919. Negotiations ended with the signing of a repatriation agreement between the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, and Poland on February 24, 1921. In accordance with the developed normative documentation, Polish prisoners of war were subjected to sanitary treatment (baths, haircuts) before being sent; they were given underwear and uniforms; they were provided with food for the period of their journey; and they were fully paid. Sick prisoners of war were sent in special trains or in separate ambulances accompanied by medical personnel. The first echelons with Polish prisoners of war began “leaving” for Poland in March 1921. Mass repatriation was completed by the autumn of the same year. In the future, repatriation concerned only individuals and would be of a personal nature. In total, almost 35 000 prisoners of war were sent to Poland.

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13

Wylie, Neville. "Prisoners of War in the Era of Total War." War in History 13, no. 2 (April 2006): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0968344506wh337ra.

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14

Tycko, Sonia. "The Legality of Prisoner of War Labour In England, 1648–1655*." Past & Present 246, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 35–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtz031.

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Abstract Prisoners of war formed a legally distinct category amongst the many thousands of people forcibly employed in England and the English American colonies in the mid-seventeenth century, but they have yet to be studied as such. Focusing on 1648 to 1655, this article explains how a succession of English governments sent their war captives into servitude with private masters despite the prohibition of hard labour for Christian prisoners in the customary laws of war. They instead operated under the logic of the English poor law, in which the indigent could meaningfully consent to serve a master even while under duress. The case of Scottish and Dutch prisoners of war in the Bedford Level fen drainage project shows how the Council of State and the drainage company board members conceptualized common prisoners as willing workmen. Prisoners, ambassadors, and a variety of English observers instead thought that war captives should not have to work for their subsistence or their captors' profit. Nevertheless, common prisoners continued to labour under the aegis of free contracts into the eighteenth century.

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15

Zhdanova, Ekaterina. "Vatican Assistance to Soviet Prisoners of War During and After World War II." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020004-2.

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During the Second World War, the Vatican was active in humanitarian work, setting up its own charitable institutions, among them the Aid Commission. For the first time in Russian historiography, the article examines the principles and methods of its work with Soviet prisoners of war, examines the process of gathering information on their situation and numbers, describes the preparation and distribution of gifts to prisoners of war, states the financial costs of the Commission, examines the views of members of the State Secretariat of the Holy See on the issue of repatriation. The article draws on the materials of the Vatican Apostolic Archives that were opened to researchers in spring 2020: the records of the Aid Commission, the Nunciature and the Congregation for Extraordinary Church Affairs of the 2nd Section of the State Secretariat of the Holy See, which contain information on how the Commission obtained information on POWs and also make it possible to reconstruct the decision-making process on aid issues. The work of the Aid Commission followed the principles of helping those in need and advocating for the protection of human rights. The study identified the mechanism behind the work of the Aid Commission and the key role of the Nuncios in it. Through representatives of the Holy See, icons, religious literature, clothing and symbolic gifts were sent to the camps. The Vatican systematically replenished the Commission's funds towards these needs. In the post-war years, the problem of the forced repatriation of Soviet prisoners of war to the USSR came to the fore.

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16

Eryomin, Igor A. "ATTITUDE OF THE AUTHORITIES AND THE POPULATION OF WESTERN SIBERIA TO THE PRISONERS OF WAR PLACED IN THE REGION DURING WORLD WAR I." Vestnik Altaiskogo Gosudarstvennogo Pedagogiceskogo Universiteta, no. 51 (June 15, 2022): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2413-4481-2022-2-88-95.

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The history of the attitude towards World War I prisoners of war placed in Western Siberia by the local community and authorities of various levels is considered. The principles of the government’s policy towards the prisoners of war depending on their ethnicity are characterized. The main areas of support for Slavic prisoners of war by the authorities and the local population are identified.

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17

Dulatov, B. K. "POSTAL CORRESPONDENCE OF AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN AND GERMAN PRISONERS OF WAR OF THE OMSK MILITARY DISTRICT AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE CONDITIONS OF THEIR DETENTION IN CAPTIVITY." Rusin, no. 60 (2020): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/60/6.

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Drawing on the archives, the author analyses the reports of military censorship commission members, whose official function was to systematise and analyse the personal correspondence of Austro-Hungarian and German prisoners of the First World War. The letters of soldiers and officers to their families and friends are reflective of the captivity hardships they had to face in the Russian camps. Of particular scientific interest is the information about their daily life, political stance, contacts with the locals and social adaptation. The author describes different attitudes of the prisoners of war to their conditions and new social status, focusing on a range of emotions of the individual prinsoners of war reported about by the military censors. Written personal correspondence is a unique primary source for studying the past. Thus, the analysis of archival documents provides the information about different reactions of prisoners of war to the same historical event. Such a variety of opinions contributes to the comparative analysis aimed at establishing the truth. New archival documents introduced by the author into the academic circulation supplement the data about the conditions of prisoners of the First World War, namely those dispersed in the Omsk military district in the summer of 1917.

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18

Rositani, Annunziata. "The Public Management of War Prisoners Within and Outside the bīt asīrī." Archiv orientální 88, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.88.2.193-219.

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This paper presents some reflections on the management of war prisoners in South Mesopotamia during the Old Babylonian period. In particular, it analyses data from texts in which “the house of prisoners of war,” the bīt asīrī, is mentioned. The majority of these texts date back to the reign of Rīm-Anum, who held power in Uruk for about two years during the rebellion of South Mesopotamia against Samsu-iluna of Babylon (1742‒1740 BC). This archive provides unparalleled evidence for the study of war prisoner management during the Old Babylonian period, which seems to have been exclusively administrated by the State. A specific study will be carried out on the usage of war prisoners as forced workers: in fact, many texts indicate that they were given to individuals or houses as a temporary labor force under a designated person’s authority. Nevertheless, the prisoners remained under the superior authority of the bīt asīrī, where they returned after they had finished working, without being included in the slave trade. The paper also analyses the way in which the prisoners’ geographic provenance affected the treatment they received and, finally, the release of prisoners upon payment of a ransom or following a royal action.

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19

Heisler, Barbara Schmitter. "The “Other Braceros”." Social Science History 31, no. 2 (2007): 239–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013742.

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This article explores the contradictions between the bracero program and the temporary labor program using German prisoners of war in the United States during World War II. Despite the bilateral agreement between Mexico and the United States aimed at protecting the braceros, “who came as allies,” they remained alien workers and outsiders. In contrast, German prisoners of war, who came as enemies, were often transformed into personal friends “like our own boys.” This article uses archival records, in-depth interviews with former prisoners of war, and secondary sources to analyze several structural factors that help explain these divergent outcomes.

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20

Grady, Tim. "Landscapes of Internment: British Prisoner of War Camps and the Memory of the First World War." Journal of British Studies 58, no. 3 (July 2019): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.7.

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AbstractDuring the First World War, all of the belligerent powers interned both civilian and military prisoners. In Britain alone, over one hundred thousand people were held behind barbed wire. Despite the scale of this enterprise, interment barely features in Britain's First World War memory culture. By exploring the place of prisoner-of-war camps within the “militarized environment” of the home front, this article demonstrates the centrality of internment to local wartime experiences. Forced to share the same environment, British civilians and German prisoners clashed over access to resources, roads, and the surrounding landscape. As this article contends, it was only when the British started to employ prisoners on environmental-improvement measures, such as land drainage or river clearance projects, that relations gradually improved. With the end of the war and closure of the camps, however, these deep entanglements were quickly forgotten. Instead of commemorating the complexities of the conflict, Britain's memory culture focused on more comfortable narratives; British military “sacrifice” on the Western Front quickly replaced any discussion of the internment of the “enemy” at home.

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21

Ippolitov, Sergey. "The Russian Prisoners of War in World War I as a Humanitarian Issue." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2(50) (July 2, 2020): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-50-2-174-188.

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The tragedy occurred to the prisoners of war in World War I had the scale of a humanitarian disaster. Millions of people belonged to different nationalities lived under the hardest physical and psychological living conditions. The study devoted to this page of world history methodologically comprises an intersection of disciplines: it is necessary to study and comprehend mental, legal, economic, cultural aspects of the humanitarian crisis which had significant effect on the course of political processes in Europe. The article studies activities of government and public organizations involved in humanitarian assistance to the Russian prisoners of war who were in the European camps. In this case a special role was played by a spiritual and cultural support of the compatriots in captivity. Acute «cultural hunger» in the prisoners of war camps was intended to be filled by the Russian book, which became a significant factor that impeded the prisoners’ marginalization and denationalization. The growth of nationalism in a public discourse of different countries around the world which were involved in isolation and marginalization of ethnic minorities and diasporas, their loss of national and cultural identity, customs and language make the study of the historical analogies connected with the fate of prisoners of war in World War I appropriate and of current interest. The history of preservation by the Russian people in captivity and exile their own cultural identity allows the author to predict the course of these processes at the present stage, as well as to develop state policy of support provided to compatriots abroad.

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22

Diamond, Hanna. "‘Prisoners of the Peace’: German Prisoners-of-War in Rural France 1944–48." European History Quarterly 43, no. 3 (July 2013): 442–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691413490885.

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23

Shalamov, V. A. "“The Myth of Elsa Brandström” and its Influence on the History of Prisoners of War of the Countries of the Quadruple Alliance in Russia." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 4 (2022): 1049–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2022.414.

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During the First World War, prisoners of war from the countries of the Quadruple Alliance were distributed among concentration camps throughout the Russian Empire. At first, due to the country’s unpreparedness to receive such a large number of captives, their conditions of detention were unsatisfactory. Neutral organizations come to their aid. Elsa Brandstrom, a sister of mercy of the Swedish Red Cross, is best known. She was the daughter of a Swedish envoy to Russia, who was distinguished by pro-German views. During the war years, thanks to her tireless energy, germanophilia and russophobia, she gained extraordinary popularity in the German environment. When the civil war broke out in eastern Russia, Elsa Brandstrom drove across the front line with large funds intended to help prisoners of war. After returning to her homeland, she published a memoir for charitable purposes, in which she summarized all her experience of the war. Contemporaries perceived her book as the main source on the history of captivity in Russia. Her altruism and desire to help former prisoners and after the war created around her a myth of holiness and infallibility. Numerous public appearances and lectures have strengthened her credibility. The lack of critical understanding of her activities and her publications, as well as the lack of opposition from the Russian side, gave rise to the illusion of the correctness of her judgments. Ultimately, this led to a distortion of the history of the stay of prisoners of war of the countries of the Quadruple Alliance in Russia. To date, Russian and foreign historiography has accumulated a sufficient volume of criticism to consider how the “Elsa Brandstrom myth” was formed and what impact it had.

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24

Gatrell, Peter. "Prisoners of War on the Eastern Front during World War I." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 6, no. 3 (2005): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2005.0036.

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25

Salaymeh, Lena. "Early Islamic Legal-Historical Precedents: Prisoners of War." Law and History Review 26, no. 3 (2008): 521–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000002558.

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The inseparability of law and history is manifest when historical interpretation -an integral component of legal hermeneutics-results in juristic disagreement. This article is a foray into the shift from prohibition to permissibility of prisoner of war execution in early Islamic legal history that connects changing legal opinions to changing historiographical readings. Contemplating the contrast between historical and jurisprudential interpretations of historical events with legal implications will facilitate investigation of the interactions between historiography and legal discourse. Exploring a few questions will highlight the ambiguous, overlapping roles of historians and jurists as they construct (legal) histories: (1) Do historical narratives about all the battles that occurred during the Prophet's lifetime illustrate his legal practice concerning treatment of prisoners of war? (2) After the Prophet's death, how did Muslim jurists adjudicate this issue? (3) What legal reasoning did key Muslim jurists of the ‘professionalization’ period apply in permitting the execution of war prisoners? (4) What could explain the discrepancy between the chronologically earlier opinion (prohibiting prisoner execution) and the later, more dominant legal opinion (permitting prisoner execution)?

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MACKENZIE, S. P. "BRITISH PRISONERS OF WAR IN NAZI GERMANY." Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association 28, no. 109 (October 1, 2003): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/archives.2003.17.

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27

Kevin T Hall. "The Befriended Enemy: German Prisoners of War in Michigan." Michigan Historical Review 41, no. 1 (2015): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mhr.2015.0018.

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28

Beaumont, Joan. "Review Article Prisoners of War in the Second World War." Journal of Contemporary History 42, no. 3 (July 2007): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009407078746.

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29

Natalia, Shabelnik. "Work of Foreign Powers of War During the Restoration of the Central Chernozemye Industry in the Years the Great Patriotic War." TECHNOLOGOS, no. 2 (2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2021.2.08.

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The study of aspect prisoners of war in the restoration of the USSR industry during the Great Patriotic War arouses scientific interest of native historiography. Contradictory opinions and assessment of foreign prisoners of war contribution to the restoration of the USSR industrial facilities accentuate the relevance of the topic. The study of this issue at the regional level arouses great interest. The practical significance of the topic lies in the fact that, firstly, it is the material for further study of the problem of foreign prisoners of war on the territory of the Central Chernozemye Region, and secondly, it can be used as the material for the examination of a number of topics on the history of prisoners of war during the Great Patriotic War at government level. During the Great Patriotic War the front line passed through the territory of the Central Chernozemye Region (summer 1942 – winter 1943). Kursk and a part of Voronezh region were occupied by Nazi troops. In the second half of 1942 the first production camps for foreign prisoners of war were established in the Central Chernozemye Region. The increase in the number of camps, the number of prisoners of war and their involvement in production began in 1943. The main reason for the use of prisoners of war labor was, first of all, associated with a sharp increase in the number of prisoners of war after the Battle of Stalingrad; and secondly, with a shortage of manpower. In the first months of the camps operation the involvement of prisoners of war in the work remained low. But in the second half of 1944 it began the massive use of prisoners of war labor. Their labor included restoration work in all industries of the Central Chernozemye Region. By the end of the war prisoners of war had been recruited to work according to their civil specialties. Despite the active use of prisoners of war labor as a part of the complex of restoration measures in the Central Chernozemye Region their contribution was insignificant in comparison with the material damage caused. The article, based on the analysis of archival materials and historical literature, as well as on the historical-comparative, systemic, statistical and other methods of scientific research, shows the contribution of foreign prisoners of war to the restoration of industrial facilities in the Central Chernozyom region during the Great Patriotic War.

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Nagy, Victoria. "Homicide in Victoria: Female Perpetrators of Murder and Manslaughter, 1860 to 1920." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 51, no. 3 (December 2020): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01592.

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Records from the Central Register of Female Prisoners permit a longitudinal analysis of ninety-five women convicted of murder and manslaughter in Victoria between 1860 and 1920. The data show the similarities and differences between the women convicted of these homicide offenses. An examination of the women’s socioeconomic profiles, occupations, ages, migrations, and victims reveals the links between their crimes and their punishment.

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Lobko, N. V. "Rights and obligations of prisoners of war in the World War I and their observance in Lebedyn District of Kharkiv Province." Legal horizons, no. 21 (2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i21.p7.

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History of World War I that due to its global consequences started a new stage of development of European civilization still draws attention of many researchers. One of the most interesting topics for researchers is the topic of war imprisonment during the World War I. Stay of prisoners of war in the territory of Ukraine is a scantily studied issue. The objects of this study are prisoners of war who were in Lebedyn district of Kharkiv province during the World War I (1914–1918). The subject of the research is the legal status of prisoners of war, the protection of their rights and the observance of their duties. The author analyzed norms of international law and Russian legislation for regulation conditions of war imprisonment during the period of war. Using materials of Lebedyn District of Kharkiv Province, being deposited in the archives of Sumy Region, the author examines the legal status of prisoners of war, the protection of their rights and the observance of their duties. The position of prisoners of war during the World War I on Ukrainian lands as part of the Russian Empire was determined by the norms of international law and Russian legislation for regulation conditions of war imprisonment during the period of war. Using the archival sources kept in funds of the State Archives of Sumy Region, it was found that the rights of prisoners of war were generally ensured on the territory of the Lebedyn District of Kharkiv Province. However, there were not a few cases when Austrian and German prisoners suffered from hunger, domestic inconvenience and abuse by employers. There were also repeated violations of their duties by prisoners of war. The most common violations were refusal to work, leaving the workplace.

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Morrison, J. S. "Dilution of Oarcrews with Prisoners of War." Classical Quarterly 38, no. 1 (January 1988): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800031487.

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At 10.17.6–16 Polybius relates how Scipio seized the opportunity offered by his capture of New Carthage in 209 B.C. to increase his fleet of quinqueremes by half as much again. There is a briefer passage on the same subject in Livy 26.47.1–3.Polybius says that the total number of prisoners taken was nearly ten thousand, from whom Scipio separated two groups: first citizens, men and women with their young children, and secondly craftsmen. He freed the former, and made the latter, numbering about 2000, public slaves of Rome. In Livy's account women and children are not mentioned; the prisoners are said to be ten thousand free men. As in Polybius, the citizens are said to have been set at liberty and the two thousand craftsmen made public slaves. In Polybius Scipio is said to have selected from all those not in the first two groups ‘the strongest, the fittest looking and the youngest and mixed them up with his own crews. And making the whole body of oarsmen (ναται) half as many again as before he succeeded in manning the captured ships as well as his own στε τοὺς ἄνδρας κστῳ σκϕει βραχ τι λεπειν το διπλασους εἶναι τοὺς ὑπρχοντας τν προγενομνων, for the captured ships were eighteen in number and the original ships thirty-five’. The corresponding passage in Livy is as follows: ‘the remaining multitude [multitudinem, a word suggesting a larger number than the two former groups together] of young inhabitants and of strong slaves he handed over to the fleet to increase the number of oarsmen (remigum). And [an increase was needed because] he had added eight captured ships to the fleet’.

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Kornilova, Oksana. "Polish Camps for Red Army Prisoners of War in the 1919–1924s: Modern Russian-Polish Approaches." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 3 (51) (November 2, 2020): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-51-3-233-246.

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The article discusses modern Russian and Polish historiography, devoted to the organization, functioning and liquidation of Polish camps for the Red Army prisoners of war who were captured during the Soviet-Polish War of 1919–1920. The history of the camps for the Red Army prisoners of war Polish authors begin with the creation of German camps in Poland during World War I. After the repatriation the camps continued to contain interned members of anti-Soviet armed groups and members of their families. Without considering the methodology of establishing the total number of prisoners and deceased, the author raises the question of interpreting the causes of the Red Army prisoners of war massive loss in Polish captivity. The researchers’ opinions range from the objective impossibility of the Polish authorities to provide prisoners with proper conditions to a targeted policy of destroying the Red Army soldiers by famine, cold, and refusal of medical care.

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Sturma, Michael. "Japanese Treatment of Allied Prisoners During the Second World War: Evaluating the Death Toll." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (August 22, 2019): 514–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419843335.

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The high death rate of Allied prisoners of war in the Pacific compared with those in Europe is commonly used to signify the barbarous way in which the Japanese fought the Second World War. This study examines the extent to which ‘friendly fire’ inflated the death rate of Allied prisoners under the Japanese, and evaluates more broadly the perceived disparity between Japanese and German treatment of Allied prisoners of war (POWs). Four broad conclusions are drawn. First, that while Allied submarine and air attacks elevated the deaths rate of Allied prisoners held by the Japanese, even if these are excluded the POW death rate remains significantly higher than for those held by Germany. Second, in some respects, POW death rates under the Japanese can be more productively and favourably compared to Germany's treatment of Soviet prisoners on the Eastern front than its treatment of Western captives. Third, the death rates mask the diversity of prisoners’ experience under the Japanese. Finally, it is suggested that perhaps the single most important difference between German and Japanese treatment of Allied prisoners was the latter's failure to adequately distribute Red Cross supplies.

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Crimmin, Patricia K. "Prisoners of War and British Port Communities, 1793-1815." Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 6, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.710.

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Ranlet, Philip. "TYPHUS AND AMERICAN PRISONERS IN THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE." Mariner's Mirror 96, no. 4 (January 2010): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2010.10657160.

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Lobko, N. V. "RUSIN PRISONERS OF WAR IN LEBEDYN DISTRICT OF KHARKIV PROVINCE DURING WORLD WAR I." Rusin 55 (March 1, 2019): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/55/10.

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Monteath, Peter, and Katrina Kittel. "Prisoners of War to Partisans: Australian Experiences in Italy during the Second World War." War & Society 40, no. 3 (June 21, 2021): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2021.1942627.

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39

Spickard, Paul R., and Roger Daniels. "Prisoners without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II." Journal of American History 81, no. 2 (September 1994): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081370.

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Piper, Alana Jayne, and Victoria Nagy. "Versatile Offending: Criminal Careers of Female Prisoners in Australia, 1860–1920." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 48, no. 2 (August 2017): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01125.

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The use of longitudinal data from the criminal records of a sample of 6,042 female prisoners in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Victoria reveals limitations in the traditional method of examining criminality within specific offense categories. Investigations devoted exclusively to particular categories of women’s offenses potentially obscures the extent to which women resorted to multiple forms of offending. Such versatile activity challenges conceptions of women as predominantly petty offenders by suggesting that some women were arrested for minor offenses because of their engagement in more serious crimes and their participation in criminal sub-cultures.

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Schooley, LeAnna Biles, and Michael R. Waters. "Lone Star Stalag: German Prisoners of War at Camp Hearne." Western Historical Quarterly 37, no. 3 (October 1, 2006): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25443392.

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Billinger, Robert D., and Michael R. Waters. "Lone Star Stalag: German Prisoners of War at Camp Hearne." Journal of Southern History 71, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648968.

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Parker, J. S. F. "Becoming a Subject: Political Prisoners during the Greek Civil War." English Historical Review 118, no. 477 (June 1, 2003): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.477.844.

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Zahra, Tara. "“Prisoners of the Postwar”: Expellees, Displaced Persons, and Jews in Austria after World War II." Austrian History Yearbook 41 (April 2010): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237809990142.

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In the aftermath of World War II, Austria once again achieved notoriety as a “prison of peoples.” In 1951, theOst-West Kurier, a newspaper in Essen, decried the degrading mistreatment of Austria's so-called “prisoners of the postwar.” Men, women, and children were wasting away in former concentration camps and were denied citizenship rights, the right to work or to travel freely, and basic social protections, the newspaper reported. These “prisoners” were not, however, former Jewish concentration camp inmates, prisoners of war (POWs), or displaced persons (DPs). They were German expellees from Eastern Europe—the very Germans on whose behalf the Nazi war for Lebensraum had allegedly been fought. “In the entire Western world, there is today no group of human beings who has been sentenced to live with so few rights as the so-called Volksdeutsche in Austria,” the newspaper's editors proclaimed:300,000 people, whose homes and property have been torn from them through the expulsions, all too often by their closest neighbors, endured a hard journey to Austria, where they believed upon arrival that it could be something like a greater Heimat for them. Because only three decades ago, they too were Austrians.

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Newlands, Emma. "Clare Makepeace. Captives of War: British Prisoners of War in Europe in the Second World War." American Historical Review 124, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 743–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhz232.

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KUZMINYKH, ALEXANDER L. "History of the Bogorodsky camp of the NKVD-Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 437 for prisoners of war and internees (1945–1949)." Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 235, no. 12 (2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-235-12-24-33.

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The article examines the history of the formation and functioning of the Bogorodsky camp of the NKVD-Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 437 for prisoners of war officers of the German army and its allies. The subject of the research is the institutional and legal foundations and practice of keeping officers-prisoners of war in the USSR using as an example a specific security institution. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the principles of historicism, consistency and interdisciplinarity of scientific analysis. On the basis of archival documents, the features of the camp infrastructure, the organization of the regime and security, food supply and medical services, labor use and political work with prisoners of war are revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that the Soviet state, despite the difficulties of the post-war period, managed to organize the life support and use of the labor of disarmed enemy servicemen. It was established that in the Soviet captivity, successful work was carried out to de-Nazify and demilitarize the mentality of former German soldiers and officers, as well as to train anti-fascists, who were seen as supporters of socialist transformations after their returning to homeland. Key words: The Great Patriotic War, German prisoners of war, the camps of the NKVD-Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

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Guse, John C. "Polo Beyris: A Forgotten Internment Camp in France, 1939–47." Journal of Contemporary History 54, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 368–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417712113.

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Polo Beyris is a virtually unexplored example of internment under French and German authorities. From 1939 to 1947 the camp of Polo Beyris in Bayonne held successively: Spanish Civil War refugees, French colonial prisoners of war, suspected ‘collaborators’ and German prisoners of war. Despite having up to 8600 prisoners at one time, the large camp and its numerous satellite work detachments were literally ‘forgotten’ for decades. Although similar to other camps in its improvised nature, wretched living conditions, lack of food and constant movement of prisoners, Polo Beyris was also unique: located in a dense urban area, within the wartime Occupied Zone and close to the Spanish frontier. Its civil and military administrators were faced with constantly changing, and often chaotic, political and military circumstances. Not a waystation in the Holocaust, Polo Beyris has been lost from the sight of historians. It provides an additional dimension to the complex history of internment in twentieth century France.

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Yanıkdag, Yücel. "Ottoman Prisoners of War in Russia, 1914–22." Journal of Contemporary History 34, no. 1 (January 1999): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200949903400104.

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Fackler, Guido. "Cultural Behaviour and the Invention of Traditions: Music and Musical Practices in the Early Concentration Camps, 1933-6/7." Journal of Contemporary History 45, no. 3 (July 2010): 601–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009410366704.

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This article investigates music in the concentration camps before the second world war. For the camp authorities, ordering prisoners to sing songs or play in orchestras was an instrument of domination. But for the prisoners, music could also be an expression of solidarity and survival: inmates could retain a degree of their own agency in the pre-war camps, despite the often unbearable living conditions and harsh treatment by guards. The present article emphasizes this ambiguity of music in the early camps. It illustrates the emergence of musical traditions in the pre-war camps which came to have a significant impact on everyday life in the camps. It helps to overcome the view that concentration camp prisoners were simply passive victims.

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Rable, George C. "Women Making War: Female Confederate Prisoners and Union Military Justice." Journal of American History 108, no. 4 (March 1, 2022): 840–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaac055.

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