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Alkhadra, Thamer. "Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status among Juvenile Prisoners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 11 (2017): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2163.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene status among juvenile prisoners in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A total of 105 prisoners aged between 12 and 17 years of age from the Juvenile Detention Center were included in the study. Any prisoner with systemic illness and being noncooperative were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were performed under an artificial light source using a disposable mouth mirror and explorer while seated on a portable chair. The dental caries experience was measured as the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) using DMFT score. The oral hygiene index (OHI) was assessed by the Greene and Vermillion method. The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Results The mean age of the sample was 16.33 years, with 74.3% of the prisoners in the 16 to 17-year-old group. The dental caries index measured by calculating the mean DMFT of the juvenile prisoners increased with age. The DMFT scores of 9.09 (4.388) for 78 juvenile prisoners aged 16 to 17 years followed by 9.00 (2.925) for 19 prisoners aged 14 to 15 years and 7.13 (1.808) for 8 prisoners aged 12 to 13 years were observed. The oral hygiene status of the prisoners showed that more than half of the juvenile prisoners included in the study had poor (53.3%) oral hygiene and less than half had fair (45.7%) oral hygiene and only one participant demonstrated good oral hygiene. Conclusion The juvenile prisoners had high prevalence of dental caries and fair-to-bad oral hygiene, indicating poor oral health status. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for special attention from the concerned health authorities, voluntary organizations, and surrounding dental colleges in meeting the oral health needs of this group. Clinical significance The study provides an important database for decision makers to take on the challenge of reducing dental caries among juvenile prisoners. How to cite this article Alkhadra T. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status among Juvenile Prisoners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):991-995.
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Shaw, Lauren. "Bloody Hell." Texas A&M Law Review 6, no. 2 (January 2019): 475–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v6.i2.5.
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For thousands of incarcerated women in the United States, dealing with menstruation is a nightmare. Across the country, many female prisoners lack sufficient access to feminine hygiene products, which negatively affects their health and rehabilitation. Although the international standards for the care of female prisoners have been raised in attempt to eliminate this issue, these stan- dards are often not followed in the United States. This Comment argues that denial of feminine hygiene products to female prisoners violates human de- cency. Additionally, this Comment considers possible constitutional violations caused by this denial, reviews current efforts to correct this problem, and pro- vides suggestions for possible legislative solutions.
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Vogler, Shared first authorship, Nicole, Nadine Perkinson-Gloor, Shared first autho, Serge Brand, Alexander Grob, and Sakari Lemola. "Sleep, Aggression, and Psychosocial Adjustment in Male Prisoners." Swiss Journal of Psychology 73, no. 3 (January 2014): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000137.
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In this study, we investigate sleep quantity and quality and their association with anger-related reactions, symptoms of ADHD, depressive symptoms, physical health complaints, and life satisfaction in male prison inmates. Furthermore, we examine whether good sleep hygiene in the prison context (physical exercise during the day, switching the television off at night, limiting caffeine and cigarette consumption) is related to sleep quantity and quality. Forty-nine prison inmates (mean age = 39.37; SD = 13.95) completed questionnaires assessing sleep quality and quantity, sleep hygiene, and psychosocial and physical functioning. Short sleep duration (6 h or less) and poor sleep quality were related to higher levels of aggressiveness in aggression-provoking social situations and more physical health complaints. In addition, poor sleep quality was related to higher levels of rumination and more symptoms of ADHD. Daily caffeine consumption, a sleep hygiene variable, was related to shorter sleep duration. The results suggest that, among a sample of male prison inmates, adequate sleep duration and good sleep quality were associated with better psychosocial adjustment.
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Butler, Tony, Stephen Allnutt, and Baohui Yang. "Mentally ill prisoners in Australia have poor physical health." International Journal of Prisoner Health 3, no. 2 (February 2007): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449200701321431.
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Rabiu, A., FM Sani, and SM Daneji. "Menstrual Pattern and Hygiene among Female Prisoners in Kano, North-western Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/3i1.2020133.
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Menstrual hygiene management services among female inmates should be in a professional manner equivalent to what is provided in the country. Female prisoners' menstrual patterns could differ from normal due to stress and uncertainty about the future. This cross-sectional survey was aimed to assess the menstrual bleeding pattern of the female prisoners and their menstrual hygiene. It was conducted among three selected Prisons in Kano. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Committee of Kano State Ministry of Health. Information such as socio-demographic characteristics, menstrual hygiene and pattern were recorded on a questionnaire. All consenting female prisoners were recruited for the survey. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0.A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Their mean age (±SD) was 30.1±3.42 years. The mean menstrual cycle was 28.9 ±4.42 days. The average duration of menstrual flow was 3 ± 1. Thirty-two (33.0%) of the female prison inmates experienced pains during menstruation (dysmenorrhea) while 43 (44.3%) had no dysmenorrhea. Majority of the inmates 83(85.6%) took bath once during menstrual period. More than 4/5th (81.4%) changed their absorbent twice a day during the period. Majority of the female inmates used toilet (80%) as the method of absorbent disposal. In conclusion; the survey showed that female prisoners relatively showed regular and normal menstrual patterns. Menstrual hygiene was relatively poor.
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Rabiu, A., FM Sani, and SM Daneji. "Menstrual Pattern and Hygiene among Female Prisoners in Kano, North-western Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.133.
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Menstrual hygiene management services among female inmates should be in a professional manner equivalent to what is provided in the country. Female prisoners' menstrual patterns could differ from normal due to stress and uncertainty about the future. This cross-sectional survey was aimed to assess the menstrual bleeding pattern of the female prisoners and their menstrual hygiene. It was conducted among three selected Prisons in Kano. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Committee of Kano State Ministry of Health. Information such as socio-demographic characteristics, menstrual hygiene and pattern were recorded on a questionnaire. All consenting female prisoners were recruited for the survey. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0.A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Their mean age (±SD) was 30.1±3.42 years. The mean menstrual cycle was 28.9 ±4.42 days. The average duration of menstrual flow was 3 ± 1. Thirty-two (33.0%) of the female prison inmates experienced pains during menstruation (dysmenorrhea) while 43 (44.3%) had no dysmenorrhea. Majority of the inmates 83(85.6%) took bath once during menstrual period. More than 4/5th (81.4%) changed their absorbent twice a day during the period. Majority of the female inmates used toilet (80%) as the method of absorbent disposal. In conclusion; the survey showed that female prisoners relatively showed regular and normal menstrual patterns. Menstrual hygiene was relatively poor.
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Rabiu, A., FM Sani, and SM Daneji. "Menstrual Pattern and Hygiene among Female Prisoners in Kano, North-western Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.v3.i1.2020.133.
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Menstrual hygiene management services among female inmates should be in a professional manner equivalent to what is provided in the country. Female prisoners' menstrual patterns could differ from normal due to stress and uncertainty about the future. This cross-sectional survey was aimed to assess the menstrual bleeding pattern of the female prisoners and their menstrual hygiene. It was conducted among three selected Prisons in Kano. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Committee of Kano State Ministry of Health. Information such as socio-demographic characteristics, menstrual hygiene and pattern were recorded on a questionnaire. All consenting female prisoners were recruited for the survey. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0.A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Their mean age (±SD) was 30.1±3.42 years. The mean menstrual cycle was 28.9 ±4.42 days. The average duration of menstrual flow was 3 ± 1. Thirty-two (33.0%) of the female prison inmates experienced pains during menstruation (dysmenorrhea) while 43 (44.3%) had no dysmenorrhea. Majority of the inmates 83(85.6%) took bath once during menstrual period. More than 4/5th (81.4%) changed their absorbent twice a day during the period. Majority of the female inmates used toilet (80%) as the method of absorbent disposal. In conclusion; the survey showed that female prisoners relatively showed regular and normal menstrual patterns. Menstrual hygiene was relatively poor.
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Rabiu, A., FM Sani, and SM Daneji. "Menstrual Pattern and Hygiene among Female Prisoners in Kano, North-western Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.v3i12020.133.
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Menstrual hygiene management services among female inmates should be in a professional manner equivalent to what is provided in the country. Female prisoners' menstrual patterns could differ from normal due to stress and uncertainty about the future. This cross-sectional survey was aimed to assess the menstrual bleeding pattern of the female prisoners and their menstrual hygiene. It was conducted among three selected Prisons in Kano. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Committee of Kano State Ministry of Health. Information such as socio-demographic characteristics, menstrual hygiene and pattern were recorded on a questionnaire. All consenting female prisoners were recruited for the survey. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0.A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Their mean age (±SD) was 30.1±3.42 years. The mean menstrual cycle was 28.9 ±4.42 days. The average duration of menstrual flow was 3 ± 1. Thirty-two (33.0%) of the female prison inmates experienced pains during menstruation (dysmenorrhea) while 43 (44.3%) had no dysmenorrhea. Majority of the inmates 83(85.6%) took bath once during menstrual period. More than 4/5th (81.4%) changed their absorbent twice a day during the period. Majority of the female inmates used toilet (80%) as the method of absorbent disposal. In conclusion; the survey showed that female prisoners relatively showed regular and normal menstrual patterns. Menstrual hygiene was relatively poor.
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Rabiu, A., FM Sani, and SM Daneji. "Menstrual Pattern and Hygiene among Female Prisoners in Kano, North-western Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp3i1.2020133.
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Menstrual hygiene management services among female inmates should be in a professional manner equivalent to what is provided in the country. Female prisoners' menstrual patterns could differ from normal due to stress and uncertainty about the future. This cross-sectional survey was aimed to assess the menstrual bleeding pattern of the female prisoners and their menstrual hygiene. It was conducted among three selected Prisons in Kano. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Committee of Kano State Ministry of Health. Information such as socio-demographic characteristics, menstrual hygiene and pattern were recorded on a questionnaire. All consenting female prisoners were recruited for the survey. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0.A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Their mean age (±SD) was 30.1±3.42 years. The mean menstrual cycle was 28.9 ±4.42 days. The average duration of menstrual flow was 3 ± 1. Thirty-two (33.0%) of the female prison inmates experienced pains during menstruation (dysmenorrhea) while 43 (44.3%) had no dysmenorrhea. Majority of the inmates 83(85.6%) took bath once during menstrual period. More than 4/5th (81.4%) changed their absorbent twice a day during the period. Majority of the female inmates used toilet (80%) as the method of absorbent disposal. In conclusion; the survey showed that female prisoners relatively showed regular and normal menstrual patterns. Menstrual hygiene was relatively poor.
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Grigolin, Valentina, Massimo De Mari, Elena Dinelli, Laura Marcolongo, Salvatore Montalto, Giordano Bruno Padovan, Gjergji Pojani, Fabiola Zorzi, Patrizia Orcamo, and Felice Alfonso Nava. "Prison health is a public health: Management of Sars-CoV-2 outbreak in an Italian prison." MISSION, no. 55 (July 2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mis55-2020oa12160.
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The Covid-19 emergency in prisons is a public health warming due to overcrowding, poor structural conditions,and life promiscuities.Worldwide a lot of prisoners were Sars-CoV-2 positive and in Italy several outbreaks occurred in many prisons.This paper examines, using a clinical audit, a Covid-19 outbreak occurred in an Italian prison during the spring2021.The study showed that the best measures to mitigate the outbreak negative consequences both in prisoners andin the staff are the preventive actions, the hygiene and disinfection of the common detention areas; the reductionof overcrowding; the stop of the working activities during the quarantine period.Only an improvement of living conditions inside the prisons may reduce the risk of infection among inmates.
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Indri M. Riwu Djata, Agus Setyobudy, and Indriati A. Tedju Hinga. "Gambaran Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Hygiene Perseorangan dengan Kejadian Penyakit Kulit di Lapas Anak Kota Kupang." SEHATMAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat 1, no. 4 (October 29, 2022): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v1i4.842.
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Skin disease is a disorder of the skin caused by fungi, germs, parasites, viruses, and infections that can attack everyone regardless of age. Skin diseases can attack the entire human body or certain parts of the body. Skin diseases can occur due to lack of personal hygiene such as using shared clothes, using toiletries such as soap and towels at the same time. The purpose of this study was to determine environmental sanitation and personal hygiene with the incidence of acute diseases at the Special Guidance Institute for Class 1 Children in Kupang City. This type of research is descriptive and conducted by means of a survey. This research was conducted in Kupang City with a sample of 30 prisoners. The data analysis used is univariate analysis which only looks at the description of the frequency distribution of each variable studied. Thus, it can be concluded that all the independent variables of this study consisted of: skin hygiene, hand and nail hygiene, bed and bed linen cleanliness, towels cleanliness and clothing cleanliness with the incidence of skin diseases in special child prisoners in Kupang City. Prisoners need to carry out clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) well as things are known. The Kupang City Health Office is expected to increase health education efforts through various media, especially counseling/socialization about clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS).
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Butler, T., B. Donovan, J. Taylor, A. L. Cunningham, A. Mindel, M. Levy, and J. Kaldor. "Herpes simplex virus type 2 in prisoners, New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462001915174.
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Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibodies in male and female prisoners. A cross-sectional random sample was used consisting of 789 prisoners (657 males and 132 females) from 27 correctional centres across New South Wales (NSW), stratified by sex, age and Aboriginality. Participants were questioned about demographics and behavioural risk factors and were screened for serum antibody to HSV-2. The overall prevalence of HSV-2 antibodies was higher in females (58%) than males (21%), and in Aborigines (34%) compared with non-Aborigines (24%). HSV-2 prevalence increased with the number of sexual partners. Few prisoners (1%) reported a previous diagnosis of genital herpes. Independent risk factors for the presence of HSV-2 antibodies were increasing age and Aboriginality for men, and higher reported number of lifetime sexual partners and the presence of hepatitis C antibodies for women. HSV-2 infection is common in prison inmates. There is a need to incorporate information about STDs, including HSV-2, into education programmes for inmates.
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Barling, Jacob, Rhonda Halpin, and Michael Levy. "Capturing perceptions: Prisoners assess their health services ‐ Australia, 2001 and 2004." International Journal of Prisoner Health 1, no. 2/3/4 (February 2005): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449200600552714.
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Richmond, Robyn L., Devon Indig, Tony G. Butler, Kay A. Wilhelm, Vicki A. Archer, and Alex D. Wodak. "Smoking and Other Drug Characteristics of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Prisoners in Australia." Journal of Addiction 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/516342.
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Introduction and Aim. Although tobacco and alcohol use have declined substantially in the Australian community, substance use among prisoners remains high. The aim was to compare the smoking, drug, and alcohol characteristics, sociodemographic profile, and general health of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male prisoners in a smoking cessation intervention.Design and Methods. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of data from 425 male prisoners who joined a quit smoking trial conducted at 18 correctional centres in NSW and Queensland using data collected by standardised self-report instruments.Results. Average age was 33 years with 15% from Aboriginal descent. Compared to non-Aboriginal prisoners, Aboriginal prisoners were significantly more likely to have left school with no qualifications, to have been institutionalised as a child, to be previously incarcerated, and commenced smoking at a younger age. The tobacco use profile of both groups was similar; most of them had a medium to high level of nicotine dependence, smoked roll your own tobacco, and were “serious” about quitting.Discussion and Conclusion. Despite differences in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and offending history, the smoking characteristics of Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal prisoners were similar. Incarceration offers an opportunity to encourage smoking cessation and reduction of drug use.
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Mann, Clare. "Aboriginal Prisoners Design Their Own Curriculum." Aboriginal Child at School 17, no. 3 (July 1989): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200006817.
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Aboriginal people in Western Australia experience very high rates of imprisonment. In June 1985 the percentage of Aboriginal people in prisons in Western Australia was 32.7% (Walker and Biles 1986:23) and a large number of these were young men. Aboriginal people constitute 2.5% of the total population of Western Australia which means they are over represented at a rate of 12%(W.A.A.E.C.G. 1987:32). These figures have been extensively researched and documented (Hazlehurst 1987, Eggleston 1976 and Martin and Newby 1986) perhaps to the detriment of Aboriginal people (Parker 1987:140). Parker believes these high rates are due to the socio-economic and political status of Aboriginal people in our society, and suggests education programs about Aboriginal culture should be introduced to judicial agents accompanied by "the promotion of Aboriginal autonomy and independence in the areas of health, housing, education and employment" (Parker 1987:137). Broadhurst (1987:152) reinforces this view, asserting that the over representation of Aboriginal people in the criminal justice system is a result of deprivation and economic dependence and the development of the north-west, rather than an aspect of Aboriginality (Broadhurst 1987:179). He urges that prisons be used as a ’last resort‘.
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Seamark, Richard W., Matt Gaughwin, Neville Owen, and Christopher Liew. "HIV infection among male prisoners in South Australia, 1989 to 1994." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 21, no. 6 (October 1997): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1997.tb01757.x.
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Nagel, Tricia, and Peter Yellowlees. "Telemedicine in the Top End." Australasian Psychiatry 3, no. 5 (October 1995): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569509085271.
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What Do Aboriginal Prisoners, an obstetrician, and a psychiatry trainee have in common? They all used the same video conference room in Darwin, to make contact with other parts of the country—each for rather different purposes. For the prisoners, a chance to talk to their home communities; the obstetrician participated in an Australia-wide link-up for quality assurance purposes; and we held our weekly supervision session.
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Capon, Adam, Lien McGowan, and Julia Bowman. "Prisoners’ experience and perceptions of health care in Australian prisons: a qualitative study." International Journal of Prisoner Health 16, no. 3 (May 25, 2020): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-11-2019-0062.
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Purpose Patient-centred care is a key approach used in Australia for the delivery of quality health care, and understanding experiences and perceptions is a key part to this. This paper aims to explore prisoners’ experiences and perceptions of health-care service provision in New South Wales, Australia. Design/methodology/approach In February and March 2017, 24 focus groups, consisting of 128 participants, were undertaken using semi-structured interviews that explored experiences of health care in prison. Findings A conceptualisation of the prisoners’ health-care experience around the core category of access to health care emerged from the data. Enablers or barriers to this access were driven by three categories: a prison construct – how the prisoners “see” the prison system influencing access to health care; a health-care system construct – how the prisoners “see” the prison health-care system and the pathways to navigate it; and personal factors. Communication was the category with the greatest number of relational connections. Research limitations/implications This study takes a pragmatic approach to the analysis of data, the findings forming the basis for a future quantitative study. The findings identify communication as a key issue for access to health care. Originality/value This study provides first-hand accounts of enablers and barriers to accessing health-care services in the prison environment. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to identify access to health care as a core category and is of value to health workers and researchers that work with the prison population.
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Baidawi, Susan. "Older prisoners: psychological distress and associations with mental health history, cognitive functioning, socio-demographic, and criminal justice factors." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 3 (November 17, 2015): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215001878.
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ABSTRACTBackground:The growth among older prisoner populations, including in Australia, necessitates an understanding of this group in order to generate effective management strategies. One particular concern is the mental well-being of older prisoners. This study aimed to determine the level of psychological distress among sentenced prisoners aged 50 years and older, to compare this level to that seen among younger prisoners and older people in the community, and to investigate which mental health history, cognitive functioning, socio-demographic, and criminal justice characteristics were associated with psychological distress.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 173 older (M = 63 years) and 60 younger prisoners (M = 34 years) in two Australian jurisdictions was conducted. The Kessler Psychological Distress (K10) scale was administered with prisoners and additional data were collected from interviews and participant health and corrections files. K10 scores were compared to community norms using data from the Australian Health Survey.Results:Average K10 scores of the older prisoners were significantly lower than the younger prisoners’ (p = 0.04), though the effect size was small (r = 0.1). Significantly, higher distress levels were observed in comparison to the general population (p < 0.001), with older prisoners being three times more likely to display very high levels of distress (12.3% vs. 3.7%). Higher psychological distress scores among older prisoners were significantly associated with female gender (p = 0.002) and a history of mental health issues (p = 0.002).Conclusions:While the levels of distress seen among older prisoners were significantly lower than that of younger prisoners, their higher levels of distress in comparison to community norms demonstrate a need for correctional services to be attuned to the mental health of the expanding older prisoner population.
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Ross, Joanne, Courtney Field, Sharlene Kaye, and Julia Bowman. "Prevalence and correlates of low self-reported physical health status among prisoners in New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Prisoner Health 15, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-06-2018-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence and predictors of low self-reported physical health status among NSW prison inmates. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional random sample of 1,098 adult male and female prisoners, interviewed as part of the 2015 Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network Patient Health Survey. Findings Almost a quarter of participants had “low self-reported physical health status”. Independent predictors of “low health status” were having been in out of home care before the age of 16 years, being illiterate, smoking 20 or more cigarettes a day, not eating more than one serve of fruit a day, not being physically active in the 12 months before incarceration, higher body mass index score and low self-reported mental health status. Many of these predictors are modifiable risk factors for chronic disease, which could be targeted during incarceration. Originality/value This paper demonstrates the utility of a using a single item measure of self-reported physical health status among Australian prisoners, and helps to characterise those prisoners in greatest need of intervention for issues relating to their health.
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Riley, Ben J., Amii Larsen, Malcolm Battersby, and Peter Harvey. "Problem Gambling Among Australian Male Prisoners: Lifetime Prevalence, Help-Seeking, and Association With Incarceration and Aboriginality." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 11 (November 7, 2017): 3447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17740557.
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Prisoners represent a group containing the highest problem gambling (PG) rate found in any population. PG is of particular concern among Indigenous Australians. Little data exist concerning PG rates among Indigenous Australian prisoners. The present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by examining the lifetime prevalence of PG among male prisoners, whilst identifying prisoners of Aboriginal background. The EIGHT Gambling Screen (Early Intervention Gambling Health Test) was administered to 296 prisoners across three male prisons in South Australia. Previous help-seeking behaviour and forms of gambling were also examined. Sixty percent of prisoners indicated a lifetime prevalence of PG with 18% reporting they were incarcerated due to offending relating to their gambling problem. Indigenous Australian prisoners indicated a significantly higher prevalence of PG (75%) than non-Indigenous prisoners (57%) and reported less than half the rate of help-seeking. Given the high levels of PG and overall low rates of help-seeking among prisoners, prisons may provide an important opportunity to engage this high-risk population with effective treatment programs, in particular culturally appropriate targeted interventions for Australian Indigenous prisoners.
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Khabriev, R. U., Boris A. Spasennikov, L. F. Pertli, and S. A. Kopytkin. "DEVELOPMENT OF PENITENTIARY HYGIENE AND SANITATION IN RUSSIA (END XVIII-EARLY XX CENTURY)." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 8 (March 27, 2019): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-8-789-792.
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The article considers the historical aspect of sanitary development in the domestic penitentiary system. In 1788, the Regulations on Prisons were adopted, in which the sanitary requirements of the penitentiary systems of European states were used. Since 1819, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire organized sanitary affair. This provided the conditions for the development of penitentiary sanitation. The legal basis for sanitation for prisoners was established in 1831. In 1850 in prison died 1598 criminals of a 980,000 who were in prison (0.16%). This is evidence of a good level of sanitation in Russia at this time. In 1879, the Chief Prison Directorate of the Russian Empire appointed an inspector for the sanitary unit. He developed sanitary measures and coordinated their implementation. The role of professor A.P. Dobroslavina is shown in the development of penitentiary hygiene and sanitation. The primary link of the domestic penitentiary system was the administration of prisons. According to the law of June 15, 1887, doctors and paramedics were assigned to them. They organized and conducted sanitary measures. Treatment of sick prisoners and sanitation was carried out at the expense of the state. It was revealed that more attention was paid to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Normative sanitary acts in the penitentiary system must have mandatory for the administration of places of detention. For the purposes of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, it is not possible to subordinate medical workers to the prison director. This was provided for by the General Prison Regulations of 1915. But, unfortunately, has not been implemented so far. The authors believe that the time has come to implement this norm in practice.
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Kinner, Stuart A. "Continuity of health impairment and substance misuse among adult prisoners in Queensland, Australia." International Journal of Prisoner Health 2, no. 2 (February 2006): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449200600935711.
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Butler, Tony, Stephen Allnutt, David Cain, Dale Owens, and Christine Muller. "Mental Disorder in the New South Wales Prisoner Population." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 5 (May 2005): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01589.x.
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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of mental illness among prisoners in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Method: Mental illness was examined in two NSW prisoner populations: (i) new receptions to the correctional system; and (ii) sentenced prisoners. Reception prisoners were screened at four male centres and one female centre in NSW. The sentenced population was randomly selected from 28 correctional centres across the state. Reception prisoners were screened consecutively whenever possible while the sentenced group was randomly selected as part of the 2001 Inmate Health Survey. We adopted the same instrument, Composite International Diagnostic Interview – Auto (CIDI-A), for diagnosing mental illness as used in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Results: Overall, 43% of those screened had at least one of the following diagnoses: psychosis, anxiety disorder, or affective disorder. Reception prisoners suffered from mental illness to a greater extent than sentenced prisoners (46% vs. 38%). Women had higher levels of psychiatric morbidity than men (61% vs. 39%). Nine percent (9%) of all prisoners had experienced psychotic symptoms (due to any cause) in the prior 12 months. Twenty percent (20%) of all prisoners had suffered from at least one type of mood disorder and 36% had experienced an anxiety disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder was the most common disorder, diagnosed in 26% of receptions and 21% of sentenced prisoners. Conclusions: These findings confirm that prisoners are a highly mentally disordered group compared with the general community. Given the high prevalence of mental illness identified by this study, it is essential that prison mental health services be adequately resourced to address the demand and, at minimum, ensure that mental health does not deteriorate during incarceration.
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Dawes, John. "Dying with Dignity: Prisoners and Terminal Illness." Illness, Crisis & Loss 10, no. 3 (July 2002): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054137302010003002.
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During the past twenty years in Australia, there has been a developing concern about deaths in police and correctional custody. This article discusses a small but important component of deaths in correctional custody: the care of those prisoners in the terminal phase of a terminal illness. Hospice care in prison as well as in the community (achieved through compassionate release provisions) is discussed, and some of the problems with both strategies are identified. Two briefcase histories are discussed. The background to concern about dying prisoners is the aging of Australians in the community as well as those imprisoned, greater community awareness of issues dealing with loss and grief for the survivors of such deaths (through the work of state and territory coroners and support groups), and correctional agencies' becoming increasingly aware of their duty of care responsibilities.
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Adhela, Yurike Dhika, Trias Mahmudiono, and Stefani Verona Indi Andani. "Perceived Quality of Food Service System and Food Culture (Kembul) in Children Penitentiary Class IA, Blitar Regency." Jurnal PROMKES 8, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v8.i1.2020.59-65.
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Background: The foodservice system in Children Penitentiary is an action for fulfilling the nutritional needs of prisoners. Lack of nutrition that is not by the standard, will result in the occurrence of nutritional problems and reduce the health status for prisoners during the coaching period. One indicator for better quality access to food services is to explore how the perceptions of prisoners on food services which are provided by the institution. Objective: The aims of this study was to determine the perceptions of inmates on the quality of service and provision of food at the Children Penitentiary Class IA, Blitar Regency. Method: This study used a qualitative approach with a semi-structured deep interview and observation method to explore data deeply and holistically. The informants consisted of 10 people and the criteria for key informants were between age range from 15 until 20 years old. Result: The results of the study showed that there were factors that influenced the perception of food quality assessment in LPKA, including internal factors, such as the emergence of eating behaviour and formation of eating culture among other prisoners. Besides assessment, there also included the taste of food, a portion of food, variety of menus, food hygiene, also the food from visitors or family. Conclusion: Eating behavior among prisoners forms a new culture in the scope of Class IA LPKA Blitar, which is a culture of joint eating or "kembul" which creates a sense of family among prisoners.
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Scherer, Z. A. P., and E. A. Scherer. "Female prisoners: Experiences and perceptions on violence in the world behind bars." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73388-0.
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IntroductionPrison can be considered an oppressive and limiting institution and, hence, a propitious site for the development of conflicting and hostile relations among prisoners.ObjectiveDescribe female prisoners’ experiences and perceptions regarding violence in the prison environment.AimsGet to know the circumstances of relationships established at a female prison.MethodExploratory and descriptive research, carried out at the Female Penitentiary in Ribeirão Preto (SP) - Brazil. A semistructured interview was applied to 15 female prisoners. The results were submitted to thematic content analysis.ResultsTwo categories were idenitfied. “Perception of violence in prison”: they denounced the power hierarchy form, in which some prisoners and employees used physical force as an instrument for authority and dominion; they also revealed being victim of sexual abuse and psychological mistreatment in interpersonal relations (rejection, depreciation, discrimination, disrespect, intimidation, oppression and charge). “Losses deriving from imprisonment”: they complained of the precarious hygiene conditions, overcrowded cells and difficult access to health services; distancing from the family, loss of comfort and civil rights, particularly the right to do what they want (choosing food, practicing sports and leisure).ConclusionPrison can be considered the representation of a place of exclusion, closed, enclosing multiple violent acts. This directly influences the perspective of life and future interpersonal relations of people going through this experience. Thus, interventions are needed that prioritize high-quality social reintegration for these people.
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Neuhaus, Maike, Danette Langbecker, Liam J. Caffery, Monica Taylor, Lisa Garner, Gayle Williams, Anthony C. Smith, and Graeme A. Macdonald. "Telementoring for hepatitis C treatment in correctional facilities." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 24, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x18795361.
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Introduction Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is substantially higher among prisoners than the general population. In Australia until recently, only a small proportion of prisoners with HCV received antiviral therapy. The direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for HCV are highly effective, with a low burden of side effects. Since 2016, DAAs are available to all Australians with HCV. However, currently in Australia, they can only be prescribed by or in consultation with experienced prescribers. This study evaluated a telementoring service to upskill doctors and nurse practitioners working in correctional facilities. Methods The telementoring service was implemented in five correctional facilities. Qualitative interviews were used to examine the perceived clinical effectiveness and organisational impacts of the service. Content analysis of the interviews was used to identify key themes. Results In the first ten months of the service, there were 16 telementoring sessions with 173 patients discussed. Sixteen staff participated in qualitative interviews. From these, three key themes were identified: access to antiviral therapy; organisational impacts (cost, increased staff knowledge and confidence, staff time, and workload); and, adaptations of the care model and future opportunities. Conclusion Telementoring is an effective method to facilitate eligible prescriber status to medical doctors and upskill other clinicians in correctional facilities to increase capacity to treat HCV.
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Giraudeau, Nicolas, Camille Inquimbert, Robin Delafoy, Paul Tramini, Jean Valcarcel, and Fadi Meroueh. "Teledentistry, new oral care tool for prisoners." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-04-2016-0011.
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Purpose In France, all incarcerated prisoners are required to undergo a dental examination (Ministère de la santé et de la protection sociale, 2004 and Ministère de la justice, 2004). However, only one in two prisoners benefits from this oral health check-up. Oral teleconsultation could improve the quality of oral care in prisons. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The focus of this study was therefore to apply oral teleconsultation as an experiment. Using an oral teleconsultation system, a dentist and a nurse were separately asked to give patients a score, according to how urgently their dental issue needed to be treated. This score will henceforth be referred to as the “dental emergency scores given”. Findings The separate dental emergency scores given by the dentist and the nurse were compared and the results demonstrate the following: – 36.7 per cent (11) of the two scores were equal – 53.3 per cent (16) of the two scores differed by 1 point – 10 per cent (3) of the two scores differed by 2 points. The average score of the nurse was 2.23 and that of the dentist was 2.13. The small disparity should not obscure the fact that 63 per cent of the diagnoses turned out to be incorrect. Practical implications Dental care could easily be improved with oral teleconsultation as a care plan could be developed for each patient. Social implications The condition of one’s dental health is, of course, very important for general health, but it also affects social aspects. Good oral hygiene and health are very important when looking for a job after having been released from prison. Originality/value This is the first study on oral teleconsultation in prisons. Dental care is rarely studied on prisoners. Telemedicine in dentistry is just beginning all over the world. This study is the first step of an extensive project in the University Hospital of Montpellier and the Villeneuve-les-Maguelone prison.
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Foxhall, Katherine. "From Convicts to Colonists: The Health of Prisoners and the Voyage to Australia, 1823–53." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 39, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2011.543793.
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Thomas, E. G., M. J. Spittal, E. B. Heffernan, F. S. Taxman, R. Alati, and S. A. Kinner. "Trajectories of psychological distress after prison release: implications for mental health service need in ex-prisoners." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 3 (November 9, 2015): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715002123.
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BackgroundUnderstanding individual-level changes in mental health status after prison release is crucial to providing targeted and effective mental health care to ex-prisoners. We aimed to describe trajectories of psychological distress following prison discharge and compare these trajectories with mental health service use in the community.MethodThe Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was administered to 1216 sentenced adult prisoners in Queensland, Australia, before prison release and approximately 1, 3 and 6 months after release. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify K10 trajectories after release. Contact with community mental health services in the year following release was assessed via data linkage.ResultsWe identified five trajectory groups, representing consistently low (51.1% of the cohort), consistently moderate (29.8%), high increasing (11.6%), high declining (5.5%) and consistently very high (1.9%) psychological distress. Mood disorder, anxiety disorder, history of self-harm and risky drug use were risk factors for the high increasing, very high and high declining trajectory groups. Women were over-represented in the high increasing and high declining groups, but men were at higher risk of very high psychological distress. Within the high increasing and very high groups, 25% of participants accessed community mental health services in the first year post-release, for a median of 4.4 contact hours.ConclusionsFor the majority of prisoners with high to very high psychological distress, distress persists after release. However, contact with mental health services in the community appears low. Further research is required to understand barriers to mental health service access among ex-prisoners.
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Hall, Nina Lansbury. "Challenges of WASH in remote Australian Indigenous communities." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.154.
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Abstract Health and well-being are influenced by access and quality to safe drinking water, wastewater treatment, and hygiene practices and settings. This is recognised in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals for water and health. As a signatory to the UN Goals, Australia has a commitment to ensure the access and quality of these resources is attained for all, including Indigenous Australians living in remote communities. This research sought to identify the status of water, sanitation and hygiene services within remote communities on mainland Australia. Interviews were conducted with representatives of organisations providing water, sanitation and/or hygiene to communities. The quality and access of WASH services in remote Indigenous communities were revealed in this research as lacking at times in many communities. The qualitative results indicate that drinking water supplies can be contaminated by microbes or naturally occurring chemicals, wastewater treatment can be poorly maintained with irregular monitoring, and the health of residents is negatively impacted by crowding in houses, which affects residents' ability to maintain healthy hygiene levels of people, clothing, bedding and infrastructure. Effective responses require a collaborative and systemic approach by the respective government agencies responsible that effectively partner with – and adequately fund – Indigenous communities to provide options that are ‘fit for purpose, place and people’.
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Wand, Handan, Robyn Richmond, Armita Adily, Andrea Le, Kay Wilhelm, and Tony Butler. "Identifying significant contributors for smoking cessation among male prisoners in Australia: results from a randomised clinical trial." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e034046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034046.
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IntroductionIn Australia, an estimated 90% of those entering prison are current tobacco smokers and three-quarters of current prisoners are tobacco smokers.AimsTo identify factors and their relative contributions to smoking cessation among male prisoners.MethodsA total of 425 male tobacco smokers with a median age of 32 years in Australian prisons. The primary outcome was continuous abstinence at 3, 6 and 12 months. We measured various sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, psychological distress and the mental and physical health status of the participants. Multivariate logistic regression models and population attributable risks (PAR%) were used to identify the significant factors and their contributions to smoking cessation rates.ResultsThe median age of participants was 32 years (IQR 25–41 years). High smoking cessation rates were collectively associated with not using drugs, lower psychological distress, good mental health scores and better physical health (PAR%: 93%, 98% and 88% at 3, 6 and 12 months).ConclusionOur study suggests that not using drugs and being in good mental/physical health are the important contributors to continuous abstinence among prisoners. Thus, effective smoking cessation programmes require a multicomponent approach that includes addressing drug problems and mental health functioning.Trial registration number12606000229572.
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Puljević, Cheneal, Dominique de Andrade, Megan Carroll, Matthew J. Spittal, and Stuart A. Kinner. "Use of prescribed smoking cessation pharmacotherapy following release from prison: a prospective data linkage study." Tobacco Control 27, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053743.
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BackgroundA significant proportion of people who cycle through prisons express a desire to quit smoking, yet smoking rates in this population are two to four times higher than in the general community. Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy (SCP) is an important component of evidence-based cessation support, yet no studies have examined use of this pharmacotherapy after release from prison.MethodsWe linked data from a survey of 971 smokers who were within 8 weeks of release from prison in Queensland, Australia, with federal Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) records for the 2 years after release, to identify subsidised use of SCP (varenicline, bupropion and nicotine patches). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to identify independent predictors of SCP use.FindingsAccording to PBS data, 86 participants (8.9%) accessed SCP in the 2 years following release from prison. Participants who were aged 25 years or older (HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.19 to 5.31), employed before prison (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.28), highly nicotine dependent at baseline (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.97) and using non-psychotropic medications in prison (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.22) were more likely to use subsidised SCP during follow-up.ConclusionDespite a very high rate of tobacco use among people cycling through prisons and the very low cost of (subsidised) SCP in Australia, few ex-prisoners obtain pharmaceutical assistance with quitting smoking. Policy attention needs to focus on supporting former prisoners to access SCP, to reduce the high rate of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in this profoundly marginalised population.
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Gadama, Luis, Chrissie Thakwalakwa, Chimwemwe Mula, Victor Mhango, Chikosa Banda, Stephanie Kewley, Alyson Hillis, and Marie-Claire Van Hout. "‘Prison facilities were not built with a woman in mind’: an exploratory multi-stakeholder study on women’s situation in Malawi prisons." International Journal of Prisoner Health 16, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2019-0069.
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Purpose Sub-Saharan African prisons have seen a substantial increase in women prisoners, including those incarcerated with children. There is very little strategic literature available on the health situation and needs of women prisoners and their circumstantial children in Malawi. The study aims to explore this issue. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative exploratory study using in-depth key informant interviews with senior correctional stakeholders (commissioner of prison farms, senior correctional management staff, senior health officials and senior officers in charge) (n = 5) and focus group discussions (FGD) with women in prison of age between 18 and 45 years (n = 23) and two FGD with correctional staff (n = 21) was conducted in two prisons in Malawi, Chichiri and Zomba. Narratives were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Three key themes emerged and are as follows: “hygiene and sanitary situation across multiple prison levels and subsequent health implications for women”; “nutritional provision and diets of women and children in prison”; and “women’s access to prison-based and external health services”. Divergence or agreement across perspectives around sanitation and disease prevention, adequacy of nutrition for pregnant or breast-feeding women, health status and access to prison-based health care are presented. Practical implications Garnering a contemporary understanding of women’s situation and their health-care needs in Malawian prisons can inform policy and correctional health practice change, the adaptation of technical guidance and improve standards for women and their children incarcerated in Malawi. Originality/value There is a strong need for continued research to garner insight into the experiences of women prisoners and their children, with a particular emphasis on health situation.
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Jewkes, Yvonne, Dominique Moran, and Jennifer Turner. "Just add water: Prisons, therapeutic landscapes and healthy blue space." Criminology & Criminal Justice 20, no. 4 (February 8, 2019): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895819828800.
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‘Healthy prisons’ is a well-established concept in criminology and prison studies. As a guiding principle to prisoners’ quality of life, it goes back to the 18th century when prison reformer John Howard regarded the improvement of ventilation and hygiene as being essential in the quest for religious penitence and moral reform. In more recent, times, the notion of the ‘healthy prison’ has been more commonly associated with that which is ‘just’ and ‘decent’, rather than what is healthy in a medical or therapeutic sense. This article interrogates the ‘healthy prison’ more literally. Drawing on data gathered from a UK prison located on a seashore, our aim is to explore prisoners’ rational and visceral responses to water in a setting where the very nature of enforced residence can have negative effects on mental health. In expanding the possibilities for the theorization of the health benefits that waterscapes may generate, and moving the discussion from healthy ‘green space’ to healthy ‘blue space’, the article reveals some of the less well-known and under-researched interconnections between therapeutic and carceral geographies, and criminological studies of imprisonment.
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Myers, Helen, Leonie Segal, Derrick Lopez, Ian W. Li, and David B. Preen. "Impact of family-friendly prison policies on health, justice and child protection outcomes for incarcerated mothers and their dependent children: a cohort study protocol." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e016302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016302.
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IntroductionFemale imprisonment has numerous health and social sequelae for both women prisoners and their children. Examples of comprehensive family-friendly prison policies that seek to improve the health and social functioning of women prisoners and their children exist but have not been evaluated. This study will determine the impact of exposure to a family-friendly prison environment on health, child protection and justice outcomes for incarcerated mothers and their dependent children.Methods and analysisA longitudinal retrospective cohort design will be used to compare outcomes for mothers incarcerated at Boronia Pre-release Centre, a women’s prison with a dedicated family-friendly environment, and their dependent children, with outcomes for mothers incarcerated at other prisons in Western Australia (that do not offer this environment) and their dependent children. Routinely collected administrative data from 1985 to 2013 will be used to determine child and mother outcomes such as hospital admissions, emergency department presentations, custodial sentences, community service orders and placement in out-of home care. The sample consists of all children born in Western Australia between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 2011 who had a mother in a West Australian prison between 1990 and 2012 and their mothers. Children are included if they were alive and aged less than 18 years at the time of their mother’s incarceration. The sample comprises an exposed group of 665 women incarcerated at Boronia and their 1714 dependent children and a non-exposed comparison sample of 2976 women incarcerated at other West Australian prisons and their 7186 dependent children, creating a total study sample of 3641 women and 8900 children.Ethics and disseminationThis project received ethics approval from the Western Australian Department of Health Human Research Ethics Committee, the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee and the University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee.
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Yap, Lorraine, Juliet Richters, Tony Butler, Karen Schneider, Kristie Kirkwood, and Basil Donovan. "Sexual practices and dental dam use among women prisoners - a mixed methods study." Sexual Health 7, no. 2 (2010): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09138.
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Background: Dental dams have been distributed to women prisoners for protection against HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in some Canadian and Australian prisons for over a decade. However, we do not know whether they serve any useful public health purpose. Objective: To determine how dental dams are used in women’s prisons in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Method: Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we investigated women’s sexual practices with a focus on how dental dams are used in NSW prisons. Results: Although 71 of the 199 (36%) women reported having had sex with another inmate, with oral sex involved in most encounters, only eight (4%) had ever used a dental dam. The main sources of STI transmission risk among women prisoners were oral sex, manual sex and sharing dildos. Furthermore, sharing razors could also allow the transmission of blood-borne viruses, which could occur during sex in the presence of cuts or menstrual fluid. The high rates of hepatitis B and C among incarcerated women compound this risk. Conclusion: Dental dams are not widely used by women prisoners and we question their utility in women’s prisons. Oral sex is an important risk factor for acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 1, but most women in NSW prisons (89%) are already infected. Condoms and latex gloves may have more use. Condoms could be used as a barrier on shared dildos and sex toys, while latex gloves could be used to protect cut and grazed hands from vaginal and menstrual fluids.
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Flynn, John, Elizabeth Foxon, Jim Lutz, and Janine Pyrek. "Skin condition and hand hygiene practices of Health Care Workers in Australia and New Zealand." Australian Infection Control 10, no. 2 (June 2005): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hi05059.
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Noprianty, Richa, and Gendis Kintan Dwi Thahara. "Healthcare Workers Knowledge, Attitude, and Availability of Facilities Toward Compliance Hand Hygiene." Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v1i1.2.
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Failure to perform good hand hygiene is considered as an major cause of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs). From the WHO data, compliance rate of nurses hand hygiene activity at the United States is about 50%, Australia 65% while in Indonesia 47%. This study aims to determine healthcare workers knowledge, attitude, and availability of facilities toward that affect hand hygiene compliance. This research method is analytical descriptive with cross-sectional approach. The object of data collection is an healthcare workers (nurse, doctor, and pharmacy) at General Hospitalin West Java as many as 51 samples. Sample selection using stratified sampling method with research instrument in the form of questionnaire and observation sheet about knowledge and attitude to hand hygiene adopted from WHO. The results of this study that obtained in the group of nurse were 48.6% doing imperfect hand hygiene and group of doctor respectively 80.0% and pharmacy were 100.0%. In terms of nurses knowledge about hand hygiene is 59.5%, doctor80.0% and pharmacy 50.0%. In terms of attitudes about the implementation of hand hygiene, the nurses group is 48.6%, doctors respectively 40% and pharmacy 50.00% have a positive attitude. In terms of facilities is 40.5% nurses stated available, doctors 20% and pharmacy 0.00%. There was a significant relationship between hand hygiene with knowledge (p = 0,019), attitude (0.004) and hand hygiene facility (p = 0.040).
Keywords: attitude, hand hygiene, health care, knowledge
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Hellard, M. E., and C. K. Aitken. "HIV in prison: what are the risks and what can be done?" Sexual Health 1, no. 2 (2004): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh03018.
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Prisons are recognised worldwide as important sites for transmission of blood-borne viruses (BBVs). There are two reasons why transmission risks in prison are higher than in the community. First, in most western countries, many prison entrants have histories of injecting drug use, and thus already have high prevalences of BBVs. Second, the lack or under-supply of preventive measures (such as clean needle and syringes or condoms) in most prisons, combined with extreme social conditions, creates extra opportunities for BBV transmission. HIV prevalence in prisoners in more developed countries ranges from 0.2% in Australia to over 10% in some European nations. There are case reports of HIV being transmitted by sharing injecting equipment and sexual activity. Tattooing has been reported as a risk factor for the transmission of BBVs in prison. Access to condoms and needle and syringe programmes in prisons is extremely limited, despite success when they have been introduced. The vast majority of prison inmates are incarcerated for only a few months before returning to the community, thus they are, over the long term, more appropriately regarded as ‘citizens’ than ‘prisoners’. Public health policy must involve all sections of the community, including prison inmates, if we are to reduce transmission of HIV and other BBVs.
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Taylor, Monica, Liam J. Caffery, Paul A. Scuffham, and Anthony C. Smith. "Economic modelling of telehealth substitution of face-to-face specialist outpatient consultations for Queensland correctional facilities." Australian Health Review 42, no. 5 (2018): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17135.
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Objective The provision of healthcare services to inmates in correctional facilities is costly and resource-intensive. This study aimed to estimate the costs of transporting prisoners from 11 Queensland correctional facilities to the Princess Alexandra Hospital Secure Unit (PAHSU) in Brisbane for non-urgent specialist outpatient consultations and identify the cost consequences that would result from the substitution of face-to-face visits with telehealth consultations. Methods A 12-month retrospective review of patient activity at the PAHSU was conducted to obtain the number of transfers per correctional facility. The total cost of transfers was calculated with estimates for transport vehicle costs and correctional staff escort wages, per diem and accommodation costs. A cost model was developed to estimate the potential cost savings from substituting face-to-face consultations with telehealth consultations. A sensitivity analysis on the cost variables was conducted. Costs are reported from a government funding perspective and presented in 2016 Australian dollars (A$). Results There were 3539 inmate appointments from July 2015 to June 2016 at the PAHSU, primarily for imaging, general practice, and orthopaedics. Telehealth may result in cost savings from negligible to A$969 731, depending on the proportion, and travel distance, of face-to-face consultations substituted by telehealth. Wages of correctional staff were found to be the most sensitive variable. Conclusions Under the modelled conditions, telehealth may reduce the cost of providing specialist outpatient consultations to prisoners in Queensland correctional facilities. Telehealth may improve the timeliness of services to a traditionally underserved population. What is known about the topic? Specialist medical services are located in only a few metropolitan centres across Australia, which requires some populations to travel long distances to attend appointments. Some face-to-face specialist outpatient consultations can be substituted by telehealth. What does this paper add? Prisoners from correctional facilities represent one specific population that requires complex travel arrangements for specialist medical appointments. Transportation of prisoners for specialist health appointments represents a substantial cost to the government. This paper quantifies the annual cost in Queensland for transporting prisoners, taking into account fuel and vehicle costs, staff wages, per diem rates, and accommodation. In addition, it quantifies the costs of substituting face-to-face consultations with telehealth consultations. What are the implications for practitioners? This research encourages practitioners to consider using telehealth services for prisoners, as well providing an argument for tertiary centres to include telehealth as a model of care for this population. Telehealth can result in major cost savings and state and federal governments should consider implementation especially in Australia where correctional facilities and specialist services are separated by great geographic distances.
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Cahyani, Dinar Yuni Awalia Anilam, Lilik Zuhriyah, and Yati Sri Hayati. "A SEM-PLS Model Analysis: The Relationship of Health Promotion Model Components and Personal Hygiene Behavior to Prevent Scabies in Prisoners." Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30604/jika.v7i1.786.
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Vikke, Heidi Storm. "Hygiene perception and motivational factors of influence on high-quality hand hygiene performance among emergency medical service providers: Results from an international survey." Dansk Tidsskrift for Akutmedicin 2, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/akut.v2i3.112995.
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Background: Hand hygiene a cornerstone in infection prevention and control lacks quality in the EMS. Improvement is complicated and includes both individual and institutional aspects. However, little is known about EMS providers' perception and motivational factors leading to a high-quality hand hygiene. We aimed to describe 1) EMS providers’ perception on hand hygiene, 2) practical measures’ feasibility to improve compliance and 3) motivational factors related to high-quality hand hygiene among the cohort.
Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 24 items (developed from WHOs Perception Survey for Health-Care Workers) provided information on demographics, improvement feasibility of practical measures, and various subjective, normative and control beliefs among EMS providers from Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Australia.
Results: Overall, 933 questionnaires were returned (response rate 15%). Most respondents were advanced-care providers, male and had > 5 years EMS experience. In total, 61% received hand hygiene training < 3 years ago, and 93% perceived hand hygiene a routine. Most perceived access to hand hygiene supplies, and training and education as feasible practical measures to improve overall hand hygiene compliance. The majority acknowledged the scope and severity of health-care associated infections and the preventive effect of hand hygiene. Overall, 55% believed that hand hygiene was an organizational priority, 26% that it was important to their managers, 36% to colleges, and 58% to patients. Also, 44% perceived their colleges' hand hygiene compliance high (≥ 80% compliance rate), 71% perceived hand hygiene relatively easy to perform. Organizational priority, peer pressure, and self-efficacy were separately associated with self-reported high-quality hand hygiene.
Conclusions: Hand hygiene supplies, simple and clear instructions, and training and education are highly warranted. Moreover, organizational priority, role models, and self-efficacy are motivational components with the potential to empower hand hygiene compliance within this cohort. Future interventional studies are needed to investigate the effect of a multimodal improvement strategy including both practical and behavioral aspects.
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Cheng, Qinglu, Stuart A. Kinner, Xing J. Lee, Kathryn J. Snow, and Nicholas Graves. "Cost–utility analysis of low-intensity case management to increase contact with health services among ex-prisoners in Australia." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (August 2018): e023082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023082.
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ObjectivesThe economic burden of incarceration is substantial in Australia. People released from prison are at high risk of poor health and this is an important predictor of recidivism. The ‘Passports Study’ was a randomised controlled trial of an intervention designed to increase health service utilisation after release from prison. The aim of this study is to conduct a cost–utility analysis of this transitional programme.SettingAustraliaDesignA hybrid simulation model was developed to estimate the changes to total economic costs and effectiveness expressed as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) from the adoption of the ’Passports’ intervention compared with the control group. Model parameters were informed by linked data from Queensland Corrective Services, Medicare, Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, Queensland Hospital Admission Patient Data Collection, Emergency Department Information System and National Death Index. Health-related quality of life was measured using the Short-Form 8 Health Survey (SF-8). The primary outcomes were the costs and estimated QALYs associated with the intervention group and the control group. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted to test parameter uncertainties.ResultsCompared with the control group where no attempt was made to encourage health service utilisation, an average participant in the intervention group incurred an extra cost of AUD 1790 and experienced slightly reduced QALYs, which indicated that the intervention was dominated in the baseline analysis. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that the transitional programme had a low probability of being cost-effective with the outcome measures selected.ConclusionThe findings of this study do not provide economic evidence to support the widespread adoption of the Passports intervention. Due to the reductionist nature of the cost–utility approach, it may be that important health-related benefits have been omitted. Another research approach using a wider range of health-related measures might generate different conclusions.
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Ogloff, James R. P., Jeffrey E. Pfeifer, Stephane M. Shepherd, and Joseph Ciorciari. "Assessing the Mental Health, Substance Abuse, Cognitive Functioning, and Social/Emotional Well-Being Needs of Aboriginal Prisoners in Australia." Journal of Correctional Health Care 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078345817723345.
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Mhlanga-Gunda, Rosemary, Stephanie Kewley, Nehemiah Chivandikwa, and Marie-Claire Van Hout. "Prison conditions and standards of health care for women and their children incarcerated in Zimbabwean prisons." International Journal of Prisoner Health 16, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-11-2019-0063.
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Purpose The Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region remains at the epicentre of the HIV epidemic and disproportionately affecting women, girls and prisoners. Women in prison are a minority group and their special health needs relating to gender sensitivity, reproductive health, their children and HIV/AIDs are frequently neglected. Our study responded to this need, and aimed to investigate the issue. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study using focus group discussions and key informant interviews explored the perspectives of women in prison, correctional officers, correctional health professionals and non-governmental organisations around prison conditions and standards of health care while incarcerated in a large female prison in Zimbabwe. Narratives were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings The three key themes that emerged are as follows: “Sanitation and hygiene in the prison”, “Nutrition for women and children” and “Prison-based health services and health care”. Divergence or agreement across perspectives around adequate standards of sanitation, hygiene, quality and adequacy of food, special diets for those with health conditions, access to health care in prison and the continuum of care across incarceration and community are presented. Practical implications Understanding prison environmental cultures which shape correctional staff’s understanding and responsiveness to women in prison, environmental health conditions and access to health care are vital to improve conditions and continuum of care in Zimbabwe. Originality/value Policy and technical guidance continues to emphasise the need for research in SSA prisons to garner insight into the experiences of women and their children, with a particular emphasis on the prison environment for them, their health outcomes and health-care continuum. This unique study responded to this need.
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Jones, Jocelyn, Mandy Wilson, Elizabeth Sullivan, Lynn Atkinson, Marisa Gilles, Paul L. Simpson, Eileen Baldry, and Tony Butler. "Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother: a review." International Journal of Prisoner Health 14, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2017-0059.
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PurposeThe rise in the incarceration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers is a major public health issue with multiple sequelae for Aboriginal children and the cohesiveness of Aboriginal communities. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature relating to Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother.Design/methodology/approachThe literature search covered bibliographic databases from criminology, sociology and anthropology, and Australian history. The authors review the literature on: traditional and contemporary Aboriginal mothering roles, values and practices; historical accounts of the impacts of white settlement of Australia and subsequent Aboriginal affairs policies and practices; and women’s and mothers’ experiences of imprisonment.FindingsThe review found that the cultural experiences of mothering are unique to Aboriginal mothers and contrasted to non-Aboriginal concepts. The ways that incarceration of Aboriginal mothers disrupts child rearing practices within the cultural kinship system are identified.Practical implicationsAboriginal women have unique circumstances relevant to the concept of motherhood that need to be understood to develop culturally relevant policy and programs. The burden of disease and cycle of incarceration within Aboriginal families can be addressed by improving health outcomes for incarcerated Aboriginal mothers and female carers.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first literature review on Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother.
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Ayre, Julie, Erin Cvejic, Kirsten McCaffery, Tessa Copp, Samuel Cornell, Rachael H. Dodd, Kristen Pickles, et al. "Contextualising COVID-19 prevention behaviour over time in Australia: Patterns and long-term predictors from April to July 2020 in an online social media sample." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 29, 2021): e0253930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253930.
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Background In Australia in March 2020 a national public health directive required that non-essential workers stay at home, except for essential activities. These restrictions began easing in May 2020 as community transmission slowed. Objectives This study investigated changes in COVID prevention behaviours from April-July 2020, and psychosocial predictors of these behaviours. Methods An Australia-wide (national) survey was conducted in April, with monthly follow-up over four months. Participants who were adults (18+ years), currently residing in Australia and who could read and understand English were eligible. Recruitment was via online social media. Analysis sample included those who provided responses to the baseline survey (April) and at least one subsequent follow-up survey (N = 1834 out of a possible 3216 who completed the April survey). 71.7% of the sample was female (n = 1,322). Principal components analysis (PCA) combined self-reported adherence across seven prevention behaviours. PCA identified two behaviour types: ‘distancing’ (e.g. staying 1.5m away) and ‘hygiene’ (e.g. washing hands), explaining 28.3% and 24.2% of variance, respectively. Distancing and hygiene behaviours were analysed individually using multivariable regression models. Results On average, participants agreed with statements of adherence for all behaviours (means all above 4 out of 7). Distancing behaviours declined each month (p’s < .001), whereas hygiene behaviours remained relatively stable. For distancing, stronger perceptions of societal risk, self-efficacy to maintain distancing, and greater perceived social obligation at baseline were associated with adherence in June and July (p’s<0.05). For hygiene, the only significant correlate of adherence in June and July was belief that one’s actions could prevent infection of family members (p < .001). Conclusion High adherence to COVID prevention behaviours were reported in this social media sample; however, distancing behaviours tended to decrease over time. Belief in social responsibility may be an important aspect to consider in encouraging distancing behaviours. These findings have implications for managing a shift from government-imposed restrictions to individual responsibility.
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Atkinson, Josie R., Andrea I. Boudville, Emma E. Stanford, Fiona D. Lange, and Mitchell D. Anjou. "Australian Football League clinics promoting health, hygiene and trachoma elimination: the Northern Territory experience." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 4 (2014): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14050.
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Australia is the only developed country to suffer trachoma and it is only found in remote Indigenous communities. In 2009, trachoma prevalence was 14%, but through screening, treatment and health promotion, rates had fallen to 4% in 2012. More work needs to be done to sustain these declining rates. In 2012, 25% of screened communities still had endemic trachoma and 8% had hyperendemic trachoma. In addition, only 58% of communities had reached clean face targets in children aged 5–9 years. Australian Football League (AFL) players are highly influential role models and the community love of football provides a platform to engage and strengthen community participation in health promotion. The University of Melbourne has partnered with Melbourne Football Club since 2010 to run trachoma football hygiene clinics in the Northern Territory (NT) to raise awareness of the importance of clean faces in order to reduce the spread of trachoma. This activity supports Federal and state government trachoma screening and treatment programs. Between 2010 and 2013, 12 football clinics were held in major towns and remote communities in the NT. Almost 2000 children and adults attended football clinics run by 16 partner organisations. Awareness of the football clinics has grown and has become a media feature in the NT trachoma elimination campaign. The hygiene station featured within the football clinic could be adapted for other events hosted in remote NT community events to add value to the experience and reinforce good holistic health and hygiene messages, as well as encourage interagency collaboration.