Journal articles: 'Prisoners and prisons – Hong Kong'

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Chui, Wing Hong, and Kevin Kwok-yin Cheng. "Self-Perceived Role and Function of Christian Prison Chaplains and Buddhist Volunteers in Hong Kong Prisons." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 57, no. 2 (December 19, 2011): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11432128.

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Although there have been a handful of studies examining the work of chaplains and prison volunteers in a Western setting, few have endeavored to conduct research into the experiences of religious workers in Asian penitentiaries. To fill this gap, this article reports on exploratory research examining the work of a selected group of religious workers in Hong Kong prisons. A total of 17 religious workers were interviewed: 10 prison chaplains and 7 Buddhist volunteers who paid regular prison visits. Qualitative findings generated from in-depth interviews present three themes: the range of religious activities performed, the importance of religion for the rehabilitation of inmates, and the hope of continued religious support to prisoners after discharge. The significance of this research is that it sheds light on the understudied work of prison chaplains and volunteers in Hong Kong and portrays the difference between the works of the Christian ministry and Buddhist volunteers.

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Kung, Lap Yan. "Ontological (In-) Security and the Dark Night of the Soul." Asia Journal Theology 37, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 94–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.54424/ajt.v37i1.104.

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This study reflects on how Christian political prisoners in Hong Kong utilize their Christian resources to articulate and live with the ontological insecurity caused by incarceration. Hong Kongers consider political prisoners to be sufferers for Hong Kong rather than criminals, an interpretation that corresponds to the Christian notion of redemptive suffering. The Christian political prisoners interviewed in this study see their days in prison as the dark night of the soul in which a generative sense-making has emerged. The days in the dark night are painful, but ironically, their spirituality in the dark night exposes the injustice of rule by law, disempowers the threat of demoralization, changes the game theory from prisoner’s dilemma to warden’s dilemma, and illustrates that imprisonment can be turned to an unexpected platform for personal growth. This sense-breaking, despite as yet being weak, gives birth to a social narrative characterized by suffering in solidarity in contrast to the official narrative,“from chaos to order, from order to prosperity.”

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Chui, Wing Hong. "Prisoners' Right to Vote in Hong Kong: A Human Rights Perspective." Asian Journal of Social Science 35, no. 2 (2007): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853107x203423.

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AbstractAccording to Article 26 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, permanent residents shall have the right to vote and the right to stand for election in accordance with the law. In the eyes of the public, voting is a fundamental right of democracy and promotes citizen participation in choosing the people to represent them in the political system. It is true to say that, 'an inclusive democracy values all of its citizens' (Right to Vote, 2005). However, does every citizen who is above 18 years old have the right to vote in Hong Kong? While prisoners are deprived the right to vote in Hong Kong, other jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, Europe, and Canada currently practise criminal disenfranchisement in more limited ways. To fill the gap, this paper aims to examine whether laws should be reviewed and amended to remove the barrier to voting faced by the prisoner in Hong Kong. It argues that Hong Kong should grant the right of prisoners to vote through examining relevant laws and several landmark court cases.

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Brandner, Tobias. "A Case Study on Conversion in the Context of Prison in Hong Kong: Experiences, Narratives, and Transformations." International Journal of Practical Theology 22, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijpt-2016-0038.

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AbstractThe paper explores issues related to prisoners’ Christian conversion experiences in the Chinese context of Hong Kong: How common are conversions? What motivates them? How are they experienced? What impacts do they have? How sustainable are they and how are they to be understood? The paper works through quantitative and qualitative steps: Quantitatively, it surveys the frequency, motives, and subjective experiences of prisoners’ conversions. Through extended interviews with a small number of inmates and former inmates, the paper investigates subjective experiences of transformation and establishes factors that help to sustain conversions. Finally, the paper considers the consequences for pastoral ministry with people in prison and with ex-inmates.

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Brandner, Tobias. "Religious Volunteer Visitors in the Penal Context of Hong Kong." Social Sciences and Missions 33, no. 1-2 (May 22, 2020): 128–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-03301024.

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Abstract Religious faith plays a crucial role in the life of people in penal custody. Research generally focuses on the impact of religion on inmates’ rehabilitation. Studies on volunteers in prison receive scholarly attention but largely in regard to how they affect inmates. This study focuses on Christian visitors in prison and their motives, goals, and experiences. The study evaluates the responses of 152 Christian volunteer visitors around prisons in Hong Kong. The study shows that majority of them are at a time of their life when they are most strongly occupied by work and familial obligations and yet they take time off to visit people in prison. It offers evidence how visits to those in prison contribute to visitors’ own spiritual learning and to a changed view of those in prison. The findings of the study indicate that volunteers see themselves as active agents who help, teach, and transform.

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Chui, Wing Hong, and Kevin Kwok-yin Cheng. "Validation of a Chinese Version of the Attitudes Toward Prisoners Scale." Prison Journal 99, no. 5 (September 11, 2019): 614–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885519875413.

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Using a Hong Kong–sourced sample of participants, this study set out to validate the Chinese version of the Attitudes Toward Prisoners (ATP-C) Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. To provide further evidence for the ATP-C Scale’s validity, it was then administered to three groups varying in their volunteering experience in Hong Kong. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure that differs from the unidimensional model proposed by the scale developers. Cronbach’s alpha values were satisfactory for all four subscales, and construct validity of the ATP-C Scale was also assessed with a second sample of participants. Implications for the assessment of attitudes toward prisoners away from a one-dimensional spectrum and further directions for cross-cultural studies on related topics are discussed.

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Rico, Rico, Siti Fatimah, and Muzahid Akbar Hayat. "Hong Kong Public Social Communication Strategies in a Demonstration Against the Proposed Extradition Law." Journal of Sosial Science 2, no. 3 (May 28, 2021): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jsss.v2i3.93.

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Hong Kong, one of the global financial centers, was plunged into chaos for almost two months straight from June to July 2019. For eight weeks, demonstrations by the Hong Kong people have been going on and on until they become violent. The demonstration was intended to deny the proposed extradition law, which would allow Hong Kong prisoners, including foreigners, to be extradited to China. The extradition bill is also called to threaten the freedom of local people, to threaten democracy and law in the Hong Kong region. The different political systems between China and Hong Kong make the relationship both vulnerable. As a special region in China, Hong Kong needs to get the attention of the Chinese government by conceding its rights and upholding its systems so that demonstrations need not be too worried. Hong Kong people are making a variety of attempts at demonstration and even some social communication strategies are used to reject the traditional bill. The method used in this study is qualitative deskriftive with case studies of direct observation of sites and several demonstration articles in Hong Kong. As a result of this study, several unique strategies of Hong Kong's demonstrations have been carried out to maintain a message being delivered by another group that the Hong Kong government has even brought attention to the world.

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Rico, Rico, Siti Fatimah, and Muzahid Akbar Hayat. "Hong Kong Public Social Communication Strategies in a Demonstration Against the Proposed Extradition Law." Journal of Social Science 2, no. 3 (May 28, 2021): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jss.v2i3.93.

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Hong Kong, one of the global financial centers, was plunged into chaos for almost two months straight from June to July 2019. For eight weeks, demonstrations by the Hong Kong people have been going on and on until they become violent. The demonstration was intended to deny the proposed extradition law, which would allow Hong Kong prisoners, including foreigners, to be extradited to China. The extradition bill is also called to threaten the freedom of local people, to threaten democracy and law in the Hong Kong region. The different political systems between China and Hong Kong make the relationship both vulnerable. As a special region in China, Hong Kong needs to get the attention of the Chinese government by conceding its rights and upholding its systems so that demonstrations need not be too worried. Hong Kong people are making a variety of attempts at demonstration and even some social communication strategies are used to reject the traditional bill. The method used in this study is qualitative deskriftive with case studies of direct observation of sites and several demonstration articles in Hong Kong. As a result of this study, several unique strategies of Hong Kong's demonstrations have been carried out to maintain a message being delivered by another group that the Hong Kong government has even brought attention to the world.

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YEP, RAY. "‘Cultural Revolution in Hong Kong’: Emergency Powers, Administration of Justice and the Turbulent Year of 1967." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 4 (June 13, 2011): 1007–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000369.

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AbstractThe rule of law has always been cherished as one of the key institutions central to the successful transformation of Hong Kong from ‘a barren rock’ into a global city. The colonial administration's respect for the principles of the rule of law, however, has been tested by sporadic political turbulence during the 150 years of British rule. Due process of law and other key principles of English laws have been compromised by political expediency when the colonizers felt threatened by challenges from various sources. The 1967 Riots was one of those difficult times. Despite the facade of public support for firmness against disturbances enjoyed by the colonial government, the exercise of some of these emergency powers, particularly the powers to detain and deport, remained highly controversial. With normalization of the Anglo-Chinese relationship in mind, the confrontation prisoners constituted a stumbling block for renewing the friendship with Beijing. The various attempts made by London at pressurizing the Hong Kong government for early release of these prisoners attest to the prevalence of political expediency over the respect for the rule of law under colonial rule.

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Chui, Wing Hong, Joseph Wu, Yan Yuen Kwok, and Liu Liu. "Validation of the Offending-Related Attitudes Questionnaire of CRIME-PICS II Scale (Chinese)." Research on Social Work Practice 27, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731516647485.

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This study examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the first part of the Chinese version of the CRIME-PICS II Scale, a self-administrated instrument assessing offending-related attitudes. Data were collected from three samples: male Hong Kong young offenders, female Mainland Chinese prisoners, and Hong Kong college students. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure that differed from the one proposed by Frude, Honess, and Maguire. The Chinese version of the scale was found to have good internal consistency (α = .90) and good test–retest reliability ( r = .86) and also to present evidence of construct, concurrent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Overall, the Offending-Related Attitude Questionnaire (Chinese) proves to have great potential utility in the context of the Chinese criminal justice systems but will benefit from further validation studies.

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Wu, Kitty K., C. C. Lu, and C. M. Chan. "Development of an Emotionality and Suicidal Tendency Scale for Prisoners in Hong Kong." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 23, no. 1-2 (July 30, 1996): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v23n01_03.

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Crouth, Madeleine, Alison McIntosh, and Tracy Harkison. "Hospitality education in New Zealand prisons." Hospitality Insights 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v5i2.110.

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New Zealand has one of the highest imprisonment rates per capita when compared to the rest of the developed world. People who offend in New Zealand have a 43% chance of reoffending within the first 24 months of their release [1]. It is estimated that approximately 60% of people who offend have literacy and numeracy skills lower than the NCEA Level 1 competency, and 66% of adults have no formal qualifications [2, 3]. A focus on literacy and numeracy, support through baseline education, and specific trades like hospitality, can start to refine the options of a person who offends, further enabling them to start developing goals that will support their futures [4]. Since 2014, the Department of Corrections/Ara Poutama Aotearoa has been upgrading the prison-based educational programmes available to people who offend to achieve this. Goals have been set to integrate the in-prison education with the nationally recognised level of education along with practical elements such as kitchen work, housekeeping and other service-based vocations such as hairdressing and customer service. The courses are relatively short, ranging from six to 12 weeks, and provide key skills and the foundations for further study. Evidence from overseas has found that hospitality and, specifically, catering programmes are a tool that positively impacts the way people who offend engage with their rehabilitation; creating an experience through the sharing and giving of food is seen as a way to reintegrate and regain a sense of achievement and being of service through meaningful social connections and employment. Our study carried out a systematic literature review of the effectiveness of hospitality training and education in correctional facilities. Evidence was found of the effectiveness of educational programmes within prisons and their positive impact on recidivism. It was also found that hospitality training initiatives, such as those provided in prison training restaurants open to the public for dining, could offer a unique opportunity that allows people who offend to change the negative public perceptions held about them. In New Zealand, we have unique tikanga-based initiatives that support people who offend to reintegrate back into the public environment and their families, with reduced reoffending [5]. The literature showed, convincingly, that education leads to opportunities for post-release employment and the ability to manage work-life balance, reintegration into society, and gain skills that support long-term prosperity [3]. Czerniawski [6] sees education as a key step in making a positive change in the lives of people who offend, especially if followed by a period of post-release support. Our study also revealed the challenges of providing hospitality education in prisons. Prison security risks, risk of lockdowns, student mental health, lack of educational resources and support services, and lack of set-up and sustainable funding for educational programmes were seen as hindrances to the success of prison education programmes. Lack of post-release support and the negative stigma of people who offend perceived by the public and employers were further noted issues of concern. Likewise, prison culture, staff retention, general misconduct and mistrust were also cited as aspects of concern [7]. Giousmpasoglou and colleagues [8] suggested that people who offend would prefer education programmes that were carried out by external facilitators over in-prison programmes. The importance of networks between educators, support workers and employers are important in this regard. With the hospitality industry facing a skills shortage and with its low barriers to entry, there is potential to build upon the success of existing hospitality education programmes to build skills, pride and a second chance for those who are engaging in rehabilitation. There is also an opportunity to consider tertiary pathways for these hospitality graduates and entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the Department of Corrections/Ara Poutama Aotearoa could consider the success of initiatives such as The Clink Charity training restaurants in the UK in supporting rehabilitation through hospitality training and work. Corresponding author Madz Crouth can be contacted at: madz.crouth@aut.ac.nz References (1) Boomen, M. Where New Zealand Stands Internationally: A Comparison of Offence Profiles and Recidivism Rates. Practice: The New Zealand Corrections Journal 2018, 6 (1), 87–96. https://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/33449/Practice_Journal_Vol6_Iss1_July_2018_WEB.pdf (accessed Dec 1, 2021). (2) Corrections. Prison Facts and statistics – December 2020, 2020. https://www.corrections.govt.nz/resources/statistics/quarterly_prison_statistics/prison_stats_december_2020 (accessed Dec 1, 2021). (3) Corrections. Prison Facts and Statistics – March 2020, 2020. https://www.corrections.govt.nz/resources/statistics/quarterly_prison_statistics/prison_stats_march_2020 (accessed Dec 1, 2021). (4) Harkison, T.; McIntosh, A. Hospitality Training for Prisoners. Hospitality Insights 2019, 3 (1), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i1.52 (5) Hamer, P.; Paul, J.; Hunia, M. Hōkai Rangi: Context and Background to the Development of Ara Poutama Aotearoa Strategy 2019–2024. Practice: The New Zealand Corrections Journal 2021, 8 (1), 18–22. https://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/43208/Practice_Journal_2021_Final_Web_Version.pdf (accessed Dec 1, 2021). (6) Czerniawski, G. A. Race to the Bottom – Prison Education and the English and Welsh Policy Context. Journal of Education Policy 2016, 31 (2), 198–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2015.1062146 (7) Chui, W. H.; Cheng, K. K.-Y. The Mark of an Ex-Prisoner: Perceived Discrimination and Self-Stigma of Young Men after Prison in Hong Kong. Deviant Behavior 2013, 34 (8), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2013.766532 (8) Giousmpasoglou, C.; Brown, L.; Marinakou, E. Training Prisoners as Hospitality Workers: The Case of the CLINK Charity; Paper presented at the Travel & Tourism Research Association (TTRA) 2019: European Chapter Conference, 2019. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/31827/1/Giousmpasoglou-Brown-Marinakou_TTRA19_conference_Final.pdf (accessed Dec 1, 2021).

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Adorjan, M., and W. H. Chui. "Making sense of Going Straight: Personal Accounts of Male Ex-Prisoners in Hong Kong." British Journal of Criminology 52, no. 3 (December 9, 2011): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr093.

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Chui, Wing Hong, and Kevin Kwok-yin Cheng. "Effects of Volunteering Experiences and Motivations on Attitudes Toward Prisoners: Evidence from Hong Kong." Asian Journal of Criminology 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11417-012-9148-9.

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Fedorowich, Kent, and Charles G. Roland. "Long Night's Journey into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941-1945." Journal of Military History 66, no. 2 (April 2002): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3093127.

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Fabbri, R. "Review: Long Night's Journey into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941-1945." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 57, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/57.2.234.

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Chui, Wing Hong, and Kevin Kwok-yin Cheng. "A Comparison of Attitudes Toward Prisoners of Religious and Non-Religious College Students in Hong Kong." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 59, no. 10 (April 30, 2014): 1066–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x14531035.

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Daniels, Roger. "Long Night's Journey into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941-1945 (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76, no. 2 (2002): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2002.0060.

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Chui, Wing Hong, Kevin Kwok-Yin Cheng, and Lok-Ping Wong. "Gender, Fear of Crime, and Attitudes Toward Prisoners Among Social Work Majors in a Hong Kong University." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 57, no. 4 (February 13, 2012): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x12436524.

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Ng, Angel W. L. "Mental Health Impacts on People Living in Subdivided Flats in Hong Kong." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003352.

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Introduction:Housing has always been a source of stress for people in Hong Kong (HK), especially to those living in sub-optimal settings. About 210,000 people are forced to live in subdivided flats in HK. Most of these flats cannot meet health standards set by the UN even for prisoners, in terms of the floor space, climatic conditions, lighting, air quality, and ventilation. Fire and public safety equipment are lacking. Most believed that the substandard environment has a negative impact on one’s mental health.Aim:To investigate how the living condition in a subdivided flat affects a person’s mental health.Methods:104 households living in the subdivided flats in Kwai Tsing, one of the 18 Districts of HK, were surveyed by HKJCDPRI’s Collaborating Partner, HKSKH Lady MacLehose Centre in February 2017; while a follow-up study with purposive sampling was conducted in October 2017 to interview 10 households on their mental health status. A mixed Methods was used combining the quantitative Results of the WHO Quality of Life-BREF scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and qualitative Results of face-to-face interviews.Results:80% of 104 households surveyed suffered from mental distress. The follow-up study revealed that seven of them displayed signs of depression and/or anxiety, while two were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Distress is proven to associate with the environmental and health risks, including fire and disease outbreak, as well as chronic issues resulting from poor indoor air quality and extreme weather.Discussion:Low level of perception and preparedness among HK people is making these public health risks more apparent. The already desperate housing and land policy don’t seem to offer any help in the near future. Public educations efforts need tremendous enhancement, to engage, mobilize and empower individuals and communities, to actively plan and prepare for future shocks.

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Burkle, Frederick M., Jimmy T. S. Chan, and Richard D. S. Yeung. "Hunger Strikers: Historical Perspectives from the Emergency Management of Refugee Camp Asylum Seekers." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 6 (September 30, 2013): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1300887x.

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AbstractThe treatment of hunger strikers is always contentious, chaotic and complex. The management is particularly difficult for health professionals as it raises unprecedented clinical, ethical, moral, humanitarian, and legal questions. There are never any easy answers. The current situation of prisoners from the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars currently at the Guantanamo Bay Detention Center in Cuba demands unprecedented transparency, accountability and multilevel coordination to ensure that the rights of the strikers are properly met. There are scant references available in the scientific literature on the emergency management of these tragedies. This historical perspective documents the complex issues faced by emergency physicians in Hong Kong surrounding refugee camp asylum seekers from Vietnam in 1994 and is offered as a useful adjunct in understanding the complex issues faced by emergency health providers and managers.BurkleFMJr., ChanJTS, YeungRSD. Hunger strikers: historical perspectives from the emergency management of refugee camp asylum seekers. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013:28(6);1-5.

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Warren, C. P. W. "Long Night's Journey into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941-1945. Charles G. RolandLong Night's Journey into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941-1945. Charles G. Roland Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2001, xxviii + 421 p., $28.95." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 19, no. 2 (October 2002): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.19.2.506.

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Laikwan, Pang. "Writing behind Bars: The Fandom That Queers Our Political Subjectivity." Feminist Studies 50, no. 1 (2024): 92–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fem.2024.a930417.

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Abstract: This is an article devoted to a woman political prisoner in Hong Kong, with a focus on the relation between freedom and political subjectivity. In prison, while she, Gwyneth Ho, continues to present well-crafted and relevant social commentaries in her social media, the prisoner also writes a lot about a gay popular star. She proudly participates in this fandom even in prison, made possible by other fans diligently sending her news and gossip through regular mail. This article discusses how she expresses ideas related to belonging, love, and freedom during incarceration. She is deprived of her right to liberty, but she insists on practicing her freedom of expression, giving us a new perspective on the meanings of freedom and will. Committed to developing Hong Kong's democracy while indulging in a queer amorousness, her prison writings also loosen up the identity politics that have been so central to Hong Kong's political life thus far, also bringing us new perspectives to theorize political subjectivity.

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Iversen, Jenny, Handan Wand, Po-Lin Chan, Linh-Vi Le, and Lisa Maher. "Systematic Review of Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence in the WHO Western Pacific Region." Viruses 14, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071548.

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Background: This review aimed to identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence estimates among the general population and six key populations (people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, sex workers, prisoners/detainees, Indigenous people, and migrants) in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WHO WPR). Methods: Original research articles published between 2016 and 2020 were identified from bibliographic databases. Publications were retrieved, replicas removed, and abstracts screened. Retained full texts were assessed and excluded if inclusion criteria were not met. Methodological quality was assessed using the Johanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence data. Data on HCV exposure and active infection were extracted and aggregated and forest plots generated for each population by country. Results: There were no HCV prevalence estimates in any population for more than half of WPR countries and territories. Among the 76 estimates, 97% presented prevalence of exposure and 33% prevalence of active infection. General population viraemic prevalence was 1% or less, except in Mongolia. Results confirm the endemic nature of HCV among people who inject drugs, with estimates of exposure ranging from 30% in Cambodia to 76% in Hong Kong. Conclusions: Countries require detailed knowledge of HCV prevalence in diverse populations to evaluate the impact of efforts to support WHO HCV elimination goals. Results provide baseline estimates from which to monitor and evaluate progress and by which to benchmark future elimination efforts.

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Prasov, Oleksandr, and Yuliia Abakumova. "PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL PROVISION OF EDUCATION TO PERSONS SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-4-141-148.

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The purpose of the article is to study the economic and legal problems of financing the education of persons sentenced to imprisonment, realization of their constitutional right and to propose to eliminate existing gaps in the legislation. Methodology. The survey is based on an analysis of the principles of financing education, including prison education, on the procedure and problems of financing education for persons sentenced to imprisonment. The principles, good practice and problems of providing educational services in Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Finland, the Netherlands, Canada, Poland, Germany, Ireland, Great Britain, the USA, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, the Russian Federation are considered. Sourcing of education (state, non-state and mixed) are investigated. The analysis of macro indicators of social and economic development of the countries, in which certain system of financing of education operates, is carried out. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the country's development largely depends on the share of gross domestic product spent on research. Only if the cost of science exceeds 0.9% of gross domestic product, it can be said about the impact of science on the development of the state economy. It is concluded that most European countries use the so-called principle of "funding formula", according to which the state allocates financial resources to higher education institutions in amounts determined by special indicators, such as high quality of education, number of students, labor intensity and material consumption of the education process. Results. In the process of studying the state policy on financing the educational system, it has been concluded that tthe most developed countries with a sufficiently high level of gross domestic product per capita have the state system of financing higher education. The main positive feature of penitentiary educational systems is their focus on the prisoner as an individual to provide his or her needs, the opportunity to acquire professional skills and, in the future, to integrate into society and restore his or her social status easily. The authors also conclude that due to certain difficulties in obtaining education by prisoners, namely, most of these persons cannot get an education because they are in isolation from society, their attendance at school is impossible, the way out of this situation is distance learning. Practical implications. . Proposals have been made, according to which higher education for persons sentenced to imprisonment should be regarded as paid activity along with work, and the possibility of obtaining distance education should be enshrined in law. Value/originality. The article provides proposals for amendments to the legislation in the field of education for persons sentenced to imprisonment in some post-Soviet countries for the harmonization of regulations.

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Mohd Kusrin, Zuliza, Roseliza Murni Ab Rahman, Mohd Al Adib Samuri, and Nurul Ilyana Muhd Adnan. "Standard Operating Procedure for the Arrests and Detentions of Individuals with Autism in Four Countries." Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 (February 7, 2024): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.16085.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized under neuro-developmental disorders. Individuals with this disorder experience deficits in social interaction and communication skills as well as repetitive patterns of thoughts and behaviours. The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the similarities and differences in Malaysian PDRM Autism SOPs with other countries, namely Malaysia, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, and four countries in the United States, namely, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Illinois, and Virginia. This research focuses on discussing the important elements emphasized in SOPs and some aspects of similarities and differences between them. The research design is based on document analysis. The data were analyzed descriptively and thematically. Research results that autistic people put them at risk of committing violations of the law without realizing or intending to do so. Since they are also categorized as persons with disabilities, they are thus entitled to legal guarantees appropriate to their status. Therefore, their rights to equality and non-discrimination as persons with disabilities attracted worldwide attention holistically, resulting in specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in several countries, including Malaysia, namely, the Royal Malaysian Police Autism SOP (PDRM). Likewise, there are several important elements outlined in all SOPs, in aspects of their application, legal references, methods of arrest and detention, and intermediary assistance, and there are some similarities and differences between the SOPs analyzed. The implications of this study show the importance of SOPs for autism arrest and prisoners, to meet their specific legal needs.

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Teiwes, Frederick C. "Captive Spirits: Prisoners of the Cultural Revolution. By Yang Xiguang and Susan McFadden. [Oxford, Hong Kong and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 302 pp. £21.50. ISBN 0–19–586845–5.]." China Quarterly 158 (June 1999): 519–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000006111.

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Gill, Geoffrey. "Charles G Roland, Long night&s journey into day: prisoners of war in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941–1945, Waterloo, Ontario, Wilfred Laurier University Press, 2001, pp. xxviii, illus., $28.95 (paperback 0-88920-362-8)." Medical History 46, no. 4 (October 2002): 603–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002572730006988x.

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Chui, Wing Hong, and Kevin Kwok-Yin Cheng. "The Mark of an Ex-Prisoner: Perceived Discrimination and Self-Stigma of Young Men after Prison in Hong Kong." Deviant Behavior 34, no. 8 (August 2013): 671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2013.766532.

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Lo, T. Wing, Cora Y. T. Hui, Xin Guan, and Sharon I. Kwok. "Prisoners’ Perceived Violence and Hair Regulation in Hong Kong Prisons: Gender-Based Differences." Frontiers in Psychology 13 (April 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869898.

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Abstract:

Hair regulation is an essential policy for maintaining hygiene, security, and discipline in correctional institutions. However, the implementation of any hair-regulating policy should include a consideration of gender needs and differences. This study investigated Chinese prisoners’ perceived influence of hairstyles on their behavioral responses. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire survey from 500 male and 500 female prisoners in 11 correctional institutions of Hong Kong, China. Descriptive analyses and chi-square tests were used to explore the perceived violence of prisoners and gender differences. Mediation analysis was adopted to examine the prisoners’ perceived behavioral responses and mental and psychological well-being under different hairstyle situations, using self-esteem, procedural fairness, and negative emotional responses as mediators. The study found that male prisoners are inherently more tensive than the female group in terms of violent proclivities. In addition, perceived violent behavior is associated with hairstyle, and the influence path is gender related. Restrictive hair regulations that do not address unique social and cultural meanings and gender differences would decrease male prisoners’ self-esteem, while increasing all prisoners’ negative emotional responses and reducing their perceived procedural fairness. To maintain security inside institutions, we recommend short hair for male prisoners and long hair for female prisoners in Chinese prisons. Given that many prisons in Asian and African nations have an authoritarian style of governance similar to that of China, this study is of considerable international relevance.

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"Prevalence and Screening of Mental Illness among Remand Prisoners in Hong Kong." East Asian Archives of Psychiatry, December 30, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12809/eaap1829.

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"Long night's journey into day: prisoners of war in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941-1945." Choice Reviews Online 39, no. 07 (March 1, 2002): 39–4138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.39-4138.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Prisoners and prisons – Hong Kong'

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