Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prise de risques de gestion'
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Courtot, Hervé. "La prise en compte des risques dans la gestion et le management d'un projet." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010037.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to provide to the project manager's a risk management methodology. Firstly, this research work provided a simplified understanding of the nature of project risk and tools which can be used to identify and analyse the potential sources of risk. It also provides check-lists and analysis grids established in order to detect rapidly the possible causes of a project failures. Secondly, it consisted to present different ways to evaluate and to rank the potential risks inherent to a project. Finally, this research work aimed to describe techniques which can lead to significant reduction of the project risks, to present the main theoretical risk management methods usable and to analyse, using a specific reading grid, some original approaches developed over the last few years, in large firms, in order to manage the risks of their projects
Clairet, Anne-Laure. "Gestion des risques médicamenteux dans des contextes spécifiques : typologie et épidémiologie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE020.
Full textThe medical management of a patient is a multidisciplinary process consisting of several stages: prescription, dispensation, administration. Securing the medical management of a patient is essential to control the iatrogenic risk. In France, for all causes, nearly 6.2 serious adverse events occur per 1000 days of hospitalization (9.2 in surgery and 4.7 in medicine), or about one serious adverse event every five days in a hospital ward with 30 beds. Medication errors would be estimated at nearly 60,000 to 130,000 per year, nearly half of which would be preventable.Clinical pharmacy is a health discipline focused on the patient whose exercise aims to optimize the therapeutic management at each stage of the care pathway. For this, clinical pharmacy acts contribute to the security, relevance and efficiency of the use of health products.The objectives of this thesis are to describe the pharmacist's role in the prevention and management of medication errors through the example of two unique care pathways and the management of a patient in a particular care context:- the care pathway of the patient initiating oral anticancer treatment;- the path of care of the elderly subject:o the role of the hospital pharmacist in the care and continuity of the elderly patient's care during acute hospitalization in a geriatric ward;o the training of community pharmacists in the preparation of outpatient medication reports and feedback on their implementation;- the hospitalization of a patient in intensive care unit.This work allows the synthesis of 3 examples related to the complexity of the care of the patients within the care pathways or in particular care contexts:- Acute management of a patient with chronic illness in a medical resuscitation department;- Chronic management of a medical oncology patient during the initiation of oral anticancer treatment;- The hospital and outpatient care of a polyp old patient.Drug risks differ according the type of treatment. Thus, the main risk identified during a first prescription of an oral anticancer drug is the self-medication of the patient. In intensive care, the pharmacist must be expert in order to be able to answer certain problems not seen in other conventional wards. New missions are entrusted to community pharmacists, especially in the care of the elderly.Faced with these new missions of the pharmacist and in view of the expertise required of a pharmacist in specialized care services (oncology, Intensive care unit for example), it is necessary to evolve some university education
Delatour, Guillaume. "L'Ecosystème décisionnel du manager : une contribution au défi d'anticipation de la crise." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0017/document.
Full textIndustrial accident is one of the most destructive and unbearable crisis. In many cases, experience feedbacks show that the disaster could probably have been avoided. In this context, we come up the question of anticipation. In socio-technological systems with high-risk technology, what are the pathways to detect and prevent an accident sequence? To address this problem, our approach is based on decision making. Placed in a restrictive environment, operational management is a particular actor. A historical analysis of major accidents shows a gap between the vision of the manager, and the reality of operations. The manager is placed in a situation of ambiguity, in which he has to ensure the balance between the rupture requested by the safety requirement, and the absence of rupture imposed by the continuity of activities. Then, the challenges of complexity, time, and decision gradually degrade the decision-making environment and block the decision.Our thesis proposes an understanding and a modelisation of the decision ecosystem of the operational manager, in order to pass from a stressed situation to a situation where the decision becomes initiative. By make the decision of a prepared interruption, the manager strengths his anticipation capacity of major industrial accidents. By understanding its decision ecosystem operational manager can take initiatives that protect the continuity principle
Badri, Adel. "Pour une meilleure prise en charge de la SST : une nouvelle démarche pratique de gestion des risques de projets miniers." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1027/1/BADRI_Adel.pdf.
Full textRakotoarivelo, Jean-Baptiste. "Aide à la décision multi-critère pour la gestion des risques dans le domaine financier." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30067/document.
Full textWe are working on multicriteria decision analysis. We started with the study of risk typology through a huge review of literature. We have developed a theoretical model grouping four different categories of nineteen financial risk cases. Through this theoretical model, we have applied them to the "Caisse d'Epargne Midi-Pyrénées". In this thesis, we seek to make a contribution to the security management of information systems at the level of the savings bank. These analyzes are based on facts observed, collected and measured with real experiments resulting in its information system security policy and want to offer a pragmatic approach to the presentation of financial risk analysis through methods supporting. multicriteria decision analysis. The development of this model makes it possible to represent certain specific aspects of the financial risks that have often occurred in their activities. Our research led to the achievement of a concrete result in relation to the needs of the information system manager of the savings bank. It is an effective decision support system by constructing relative figures for the values of the criteria assigned by the RSSI
Wybo, Sébastien. "Aide à la conduite des systèmes à risques par la prise en compte du risque : exemple de l'application à la conduite automobile." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/878/.
Full textNowadays, risky systems are encountered in everyday life, from nuclear power plants to civilian air transport or individual vehicle driving. Driving such systems is greatly different from one system to the next. Yet, an essential factor is shared among all these systems. Situation awareness and risk awareness in particular drive any such system driving. Failure in correctly understanding the driving situation can result in driving in degraded conditions that are riskier and thus have more probability of an accident. This thesis thus proposes a driving assistant system aimed at improving risky systems safety. To reach this goal it is proposed to assess current risk level and to inform the driver to bring him to safer driving conditions. This concept is then applied for automotive driving. This thesis proposes an implementation of such an automotive driving assistant system based on multi sensors data fusion to assess environment, driver and vehicles states. Such fusion is later used by the system to understand current driving situation, predict its evolution to predict the risks applied to the driver and his vehicle so as to inform the driver afterwards
Belaid, Fateh. "Traitement des incertitudes et prise de décision dans l'amont pétrolier." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0272.
Full textTwo important characteristics of petroleum exploration and production investment are the high financial amounts and uncertainties. For these reasons, the risk analysis should be implemented in the projects evaluation and the selection process. Depending on their available resources, petroleum companies choose a number of projects on the basis of som criteria : the net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index. However, these criteria appear to be insufficient if we consider, on the one hand, the absence of risk idea which is an essential element of the petroleum industry, on the other hand the omission of the correlations and interactions between different projects. In this paper, in order to make up for the lacks of the traditional approach, we apply a variant of Markowitzs method to determine the efficient portfolio exploration and production projects that insure the best compromise minimum risk-maximum return under the different constraints faced by the company. A practical application of this method about selection of petroleum exploration projects in the North Sea is presented. This practica case illustrates the influence of the crude price in the choice of the portfolio
Petit-Romec, Arthur. "Prise de risques dans les banques : incitations, mesures de performance et horizon des actionnaires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010064.
Full textThe 2007-2008 financial crisis prompted much handwringing among academics and regulators as to why banks had taker on so much risks and what factors drove risk-taking. In this thesis, we focus on the responsibility of the focalization on RoE as main performance measure in inducing risk-taking in banks. Our empirical tests show that RoE is associated with strategies of excessive risk-taking and that bank managers had monetary incentives to maximize RoE in the years leading up to the crisis. While RoE is used as a key performance measure in banks, it proves to be a leading indicator of a bank's risk and vulnerability during crises. To better understand the reluctance of banks to abandon RoE despite its perverse effects on risk-taking, we assess in the second article, the validity of RoE as a performance measure outs ide of financial crises. Results indicate that in the pre-crisis period, the information conveyed by RoE on bank risk was only partially taken into account and that RoE did not guarantee a superior performance for bank shareholders in normal periods. Giver these results, the enduring reliance on RoE in banks is even more surprising and questionable. In the third article, we challenge the general view in the area of bank regulation which is that more capital is better, irrespective of who provided it. We show that the investment horizon of bank capital providers plays a crucial role since banks with more short-term investors performed worse and had a lower survival probability during the crisis
Metzger, Richard. "Modélisation des inondations par approches déterministe et stochastique avec prise en compte des incertitudes topographiques pour la gestion des risques liés aux crues /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2683.
Full textTacnet, Jean-Marc. "Prise en compte de l'incertitude dans l'expertise des risques naturels en montagne par analyse multicritères et fusion d'information." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771692.
Full textHoang, Cong Tuan. "Prise en compte des fluctuations spatio-temporelles pluies-débits pour une meilleure gestion de la ressource en eau et une meilleure évaluation des risques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658537.
Full textToret, Jean-Baptiste. "Traitement ordinal de l'information d'expertise pour le risque en génie civil : apport des sciences de la décision à la gestion des risques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010012/document.
Full textWhen facing high uncertainty systems, such as dams, where experts heuristics becomes too much important, usual tools are not satisfying enough to reveal experts’ opinion in order to manage the risks associated with the system. Decision science then brings tools to sharpen our understanding, or even help the elicitation, of what the expert wants best to express. Concerning dams, we have only very little feedback, and no to few significant events. In addition to the lack of knowledge when it comes to the phenomenological mechanisms, these issues lead us to use unusual tools for risk management. This study brings an innovative tool to help on the elicitation of experts’ opinion, allowing risk management on dams based on an ordering approach. Furthermore, we will show this tool is an estimation of the maximum likelihood, which is invaluable information for any decision maker. We will show this result is obtainable through a method using rule based assignments, developing the rules thanks to tools like votes, games and database theories. Doing so, we will show how it is possible to process risks without using usual probabilistic tools, while taking experts’ heuristics into account
Tavares, Afonso Várzea. "L'incidence du risque dans la prise de décision : Le cas de la gestion des entreprises." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010040.
Full textRandriamanampisoa, Holimalala. "Microcrédit et gestion des risques, une grille de lecture par les capabilités : le cas des ménages ruraux des hautes terres de Madagascar." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10068.
Full textThis thesis contributes to debates regarding the effectiveness of microcredit on poverty and on the indicators to be used in its impact assessments. Our problem is then presented as follows: What is the role of microcredit in risk management to enable rural people to improve their capability and be less vulnerable? To answer this question, we consider that microcredit goes well beyond a simple financial tool to become a policy of expanding the opportunities and resources available to the poor to improve their "capabilities". Our research proposes to examine the link between microcredit and multidimensional poverty while integrating both the concepts of risk and vulnerability. In this perspective, the impact of microcredit should not only consider poverty as insufficient income and material resources, but also like the feeling of vulnerability and insecurity. We analyze the relationship between poverty and microcredit by using Sen’s approach of capabilities. We mobilize for this study four dimensions of capabilities: security, production, human and financial. From the data of the impact of the microfinance organization "CECAM" in Madagascar, the empirical results with the use of Multiple Correspondence Factor Analysis shows that the capability approach highlights the some aspects of poverty which are not captured by methods based only on monetary approaches. Econometric regression allows us to establish a direct link between microcredit and capabilities. Indeed, the main variable of interest Amount of microcredit indicates an improved level of capability of households. Some control variables such as number of years of membership, gender of household head and shocks improve production capabilities while other control variables such as level of education of household head and expenditure impact of family life weaken the capabilities of rural households in the Malagasy highlands
Bellaaj, Salma. "Adaptation aux risques liés aux stratégies d'externalisation : cas des entreprises industrielles tunisiennes." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638208.
Full textDahmani, Sarra. "Proposition d’un cadre méthodologique pour la gestion du processus de servicisation en entreprise industrielle : approche basée sur les risques décisionnels." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0789/document.
Full textThe economic context marked by market saturation and constantly changing environment, the sustainability of traditional differentiation business strategies based on product innovation or decreased prices, is increasingly weakened. A new approach to development for industrial companies is to provide a service offering that can be substituted to product supply initially proposed by the company, it consists in offering an integrated product-service system (PSS). The user can thus benefit from the availability of products to meet his needs without owning them. The development of the transition to PSS within the manufacturing industry is a qualified scientific movement known as “servitization of manufacturing”.Servitization represents a major change for the management of industrial enterprises. This is a transition that involves significant challenges that can be: technical, managerial, and cultural. Its deployment in the enterprise carries different risks and confronts decision makers to several issues.This thesis proposes an overall methodological framework for integrating the consideration of decision risks in managing transition to an integrated PSS supply model. We consider servitization as a decision-making process carrying decisional risks that can be characterized and diagnosed with the purpose of improving decision-making capabilities of the business.This methodological framework is structured around the components of modeling servitization decision process (according to a formalism based on GRAI business modeling framework) and risk modeling; it is composed of three phases:Phase A named “explorating servitization process”, its purpose consists of making a formal representation of the industrial enterprise’s servitization decision-making process studied according to a decision-making reference model that we defined previously; Phase B named “evaluation and characterization of decisional risks” comes to characterize the decision risks according to their areas of occurrence and effects, in order to deduce a criticality assessment of potential risks carried by the process; And phase C named “diagnosis and remediation of decisional risks”, its purpose is to make an interpretation of diagnosis results and to propose a remedial plan to assist decision-makers in their decision making process. Two case studies on industrial SMEs are used to illustrate this thesis
Carrier, Julie. "Soutien à domicile ou relogement d'un aîné en perte d'autonomie, n'ayant pas été déclaré inapte et vivant seul : prise de décision de la triade aîné, enfants et travailleur social." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11065.
Full textHonoré, Lionel. "Eléments pour une théorie de la discipline organisationnelle : réflexion à partir de l'étude de la prise en compte du risque comportemental dans les banques." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10058.
Full textBéal, Luc. "Contribution des systèmes d'information et de communication (S. I. C. ) à la performance de la gestion du risque de crédit." Paris, ENST, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENST0035.
Full textStankovic, Stéphanie. "Les processus cognitifs en jeu dans les jugements de risques en situation complexe et dynamique : le cas du contrôle aérien." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20105.
Full textThe main interrogation of this thesis is: “What are the cognitive processes involved in judgments of potential conflict given by air traffic controllers? “. To answer this question we investigated the risk judgments about conflict between two aircraft given by expert and novice air traffic controllers following the approach of the lens of Brunswik (1952) and the model of integrating information of Anderson (1996). The application of these two models to the risk judgments allow us to identify particular components that have a major role in shaping judgments and specify the rules governing integration. This application is developed across three empirical studies: the first relates to risk judgments issued by air traffic controllers' experts and students. In this study we propose a model of risk judgments based on three variables. The second study is a test of the proposed model and an analysis of the rules of integrating information. And the last study incorporates several elements in shaping judgments. We demonstrate that it is crucial to adopt an individual differences approach to study judgments by air traffic controllers. Also, these findings should have implications for developing user-friendly interfaces with conflict detection devices and for devising ATC training programs
Maafi, Hela. "Les retournements des préférences dans le risque et dans l'ambiguïté." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010048.
Full textDitzler, Cédric. "Attitude face au risque et choix d'assurance : théorie et expériences." Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/DITZLER_Cedric_2005.pdf.
Full textThe work of the thesis consists in testing several theories of decision under risk starting from the predictions of two simplified insurance models: a model of choice of insurance contract for a given coverage and a model of choice of insurance coverage for a given insurance scheme. Our framework makes it possible to discuss the empirical validity of two central theorems of the economy of insurance: the theorem of Arrow and the theorem of Mossin. The confrontation of the theories of decision is carried out 1) by the study of the correspondence between attitudes to risk which are determined by the Tradeoff elicitation method (Deneffe and Wakker (1996)) and the insurance choices and 2) according to the insurance choices using a deterministic approach and a stochastic one which takes into account the errors made by the subjects. We show that it is difficult to infer insurance choices from the elicitation results because of a great instability of the attitude to risk between two successive elicitation phases of preferences. In addition, our experimental data do not support the predictions of the Arrow and Mossin theorems. These results show the low descriptive validity of the expected utility theory compared to other alternative theories like the dual theory of Yaari (1987) or the cumulative prospect theory of Tversky and Kahneman (1992). However, even if the alternative models manage to explain more insurance behaviours in our experiments, the stochastic analysis shows all the same that the expected utility theory is less sensitive to the modifications carried out on the variables of treatment like the format of presentation of the questions or the monetary incentives which influence considerably the subjects' attitudes to risk
Maison, Dominique Antoine. "Information et prise de décision dans la gestion des risques sanitaires environnementaux : Les apports de l'intelligence économique et territoriale Exemples de l'Organisation Mondiale de la santé et de la Guyane française." Toulon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUL0011.
Full textWould it be short and magnetic waves, nanotechnologies or more traditionally fields like air or drinking water quality, environmental health topics has now gained a fully-fledged part in public debates. All through the development of civilisations, intuitions or descriptions have identified the effect of the human environment on health. Nevertheless, health and environment are more prone to be considered as distinct fields than as a single corpus. Sanitary aspects are often seen as a minor part of public health, a domain often considered mainly as the management of health care systems, with the physician as an emblematic figure. Now, the social demand has been increasing after that effect of environment on health has been heavily questioned such as for microwaves, soil or air contaminants. Necessity arises to define, implement and be accountable for public policies in that matter. This work deals with this approach seen under the information aspects: their nature, gathering, building and final use in the decision process. Specifically, we will assess the possible inputs of techniques and methods developed by economic and territorial intelligence. In a first part, we set the theoretical framework for environmental health: technical fields, problem formulating. This step conditions widely the handling of problems and thus public policies. Those policies in France do rely on actors and intervention tools the functions of which are presented through some significant examples. They show the limits of institutional and technical knowledge, finally set aside in many cases to make the final decision. Among the reasons are the lack of understanding for the technical features of environmental health, as well as the incapacity to work out the whole set of data needed to make a decision. Moreover, the shattering of public stakeholders falls sometimes into rivalry and bickering and reflects the lack of understanding of environmental health as a corpus, not as punctual stakes. The always heavier influence of international institutions on norms and regulations is neither anticipated nor taken into account, in France at least. All those reasons participate in shrinking the scope of the decisions on the one hand; on the other hand they do strip the deciders from their role in benefit of bureaucratic and supranational actors. Go-between decisions and intermediate steps are in cause. Corps of civil servant emerged from this process, developing distinct interests and ambitions, that may different from the common interest and using technical pretexts. Recently, a u-turn has been taken in that respect, purely political and organisational decisions being made on behalf of technical inputs. A result of this first part of our reflexion is the growingly intricate weight of territories interests, would it be global with the World Health Organization or European with the EU, besides “traditional” territories as the state and local territories that still have to affirm themselves. In order to identify the links created by information through those different territories and set of interest, we take the example of a remote French territory in South America, French Guiana. Regulations implemented there result from WHO, EU, French national state with some consequences and lack of adaptation due to specific local settings. Classical “top down” approaches are all the more useless that local reality differs from common settings. We do propose 3 case-studies to illustrate this hypothesis. We also use those studies to try to identify causes of failures or success. Among them is the necessity to identify key information that is able to push the decider to take a decision. Technical aspects are not enough under that aspect. Formalized participation of stakeholders and beneficiaries can help and should be systematically used, starting upstream any program and being able to confer some kind of sustainability. But more, there is a need to develop an integrated sanitary intelligence at the territory scale, the only way to encompass fully the many impacts of environment on health for public policies
Delmas, Renaud. "Nature des compétences non techniques du leader médical à la prise en charge d’afflux massif de victimes : une étude à partir du point de vue des formateurs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS024/document.
Full textThe high-risk dynamic environments management (transports, nuclear industry, medicine etc.) increases every day in our societies. A good management of these environments requires the reliability of technical and organization systems. It also requires the training of operators in non-technical skills. This thesis is focused on this last point. In the literature, the non-technical skills concept stays unclear.This works examines this concept, based on the training situations of medical leaders from the Army Health Service to wounded people massive influx in theatre operation. We adopt the point of view from trainers when they are analyzing activity of leaders.In a first part (Chap. I, II & III), we describe the training of the French army physicians and the current stakes and tools of the wounded people massive influx management training. This part also describes current non-technical skills training and trainer roles. The theoretical part describes works around non-technical skills, from its origins to its diffusion in various areas (Chap. IV & V). We describe the current NTS taxonomies which are mainly based on a divided into seven NTS categories: leadership, teamworking, communication, situation awareness, decision making, coping with fatigue and managing stress. Then, we characterize the activity of medical leader (Chap. VI). This theoretical part lead us to consider non-technical skills as technical or non-technical abilities (Chap. VII) and is conclude with the formulation of our research questions (Chap. VIII).The empirical part of this thesis starts with the elaboration of a corpus (Chap. IX) listing all the abilities linked to the leader performance. The construction of this corpus is based on twenty individual alloconfrontation interviews conducted with physician-trainers. Ten of them classified the abilities into three classes: technical (T), non-technical (NT), technical and non-technical (T-NT).The first study (Chap. X) analyses trainer classification. It shows the importance of NT class and identify the existence of five “representational styles” among trainers. The second study (Chap. XI) examines the meaning assigned by each participant to ability and highlight gaps between trainer representations. Then we identified five ability families with a two main families: slightly-divergent (45%) and NT (41%). We notice that there is a core of thirty abilities which are unanimously classified as non-technical only.The following studies (Chap. XII and XIII) are based on the classification of the 30 NT-only abilities by CRM trainers and MED trainers. The third study highlight that all trainers associate more than once NTS category to each ability. That shows NTS categories are not exclusive. In a descendant order leadership, communication, teamworking and situation awareness are the most used by trainers without difference between groups. The CRM group used more the leadership category. The MED group used more stress managing and coping with fatigue. The fourth study examines if it possible to gather, even to merge, some NTS categories based on the classification of NT-ONLY abilities. Our results show the proximities between the categories of leadership, teamwork and communication, then between situation awareness and decision making, and finally between managing stress and coping with stress. The last part of this thesis (Chap. XIV) discuss about the methodology used, results and questions they raise
Jeleva, Meglena. "Les comportements d'assurance des agents : une approche par les modèles de décision non-additifs." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010084.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the behaviors on the insurance market of agents whose preferences under uncertainty are represented using non-additive models which generalize the expected utility and make possible to separate the attitude towards uncertainty from the attitude towards wealth. This preferences representation, together with the assumption that agents don't know precisely the probability distribution of their losses, makes the modelling of insurance behaviors more realistic and allows a better understanding of the choices observed on insurance markets. The first chapter of the thesis is a presentation of the models of decision making under probabilized uncertainty (risk) and under non-probabilized uncertainty. In the second one, we study the demand for insurance when the agent faces only one source of risk. Firstly, we assume that the agent is able to locate the probability distribution of potential losses into a given set of distributions, his preferences are then represented by the Jaffray model. After that, we consider a general non-probabilized uncertainty framework where preferences are represented by the choquet expected utility. In the third chapter, a background risk is introduced. The impact of this additional source of risk on the demand for insurance on the insurable risk is examined in the cases when the two risks are comonotonic and anti-comonotonic. The forth chapter deals with the contracts offered by a monopoly insurer in an adverse selection framework, when the insurees have only imprecise information on their loss probability. The last chapter of the thesis is an empirical examination of the choices of life insurance contracts. The aim of this study is to test the impact of life expectations on the contracts bought by the agents
Megret, Lise. "Étude du rôle des émotions sur les traitements différentiels mis en œuvre par des pilotes d'avions lors de la gestion de situations à risques sur simulateur de vol." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100021/document.
Full textThis research centers on the impact of emotions on a pilot who's dealing with dynamic and/or ambiguous situations. Contrary to theories that state pilots' performances are diminished by emotions, we believe that an emotional process actually has an adaptive function which subsequently helps give appropriate answers to a given situation. To verify this hypothesis, volunteer pilots are confronted with having to deal with a fuel leakage on a flight simulator. We have built a realistic 1h long scenario. The pilots are not faced with a punctual situation, akin to problem solving, but have to treat the fuel consumption anomaly during the whole length of the flight simulation. Consequently they have the possibility, in flight, to recover inappropriate responses. The readings of the pilots' heartbeat allows us to identify the emotional episodes. We show that, far from diminishing the pilots' responses, emotions are linked positively not only to the pilots' expertise, but also their performances: The pilots who have devised the best responses to the situation are also those who've registered the most emotions whilst discovering and treating the fuel leakage
Naudan, Bénédicte. "La prise de décision stratégique : l'investissement direct des PME manufacturières québécoises en Chine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25897/25897.pdf.
Full textPons, Lelardeux Catherine. "Real-time virtual collaborative environment designed for risk management training : communication and decision making." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30146/document.
Full textMany accidents in transport, industry or healthcare result from a causal chain of events where inadvertent human errors have not been corrected in time. In such socio-technical and dynamic systems where complexity and unpredictability widespread, training teams to risk management in real-life like situations is crucial. This thesis aims to provide a virtual multi-player environment designed for inter-professional team training to risk management. To that end, a method to design risk management interactive and controlled scenario has been described. A communication system, a group decision making system and a team tracing model have been created. They all together enable the virtual team to be free enough to manage the educational situations. These coherent and innovative environment allows us to control the team activity and automate the edition of a personalized, individual and corporate debriefing at the end of a team training session
Placido, Laetitia. "From Ellsberg to Machina : Confronting decision models under ambiguity with experimental evidence." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005622.
Full textHow do decision makers act and how should they act when confronted with uncertainty ? Economic behavior under uncertainty is often influenced by the informational structure of the decision context. Remarkably, the joint presence (juxtaposition or combination) of two sources of uncertainty - namely risk (known probability) and ambiguity (unknown probability of events) - gives rise to behaviors that depart from standard models of decision making, subjective expected utility and its extension to non-additive probability, Choquet expected utility ; the essential behavioral component beyond paradoxes of uncertainty is (non neutral) attitude toward ambiguity. The studies reported in this thesis empirically investigate the heterogeneity of ambiguity attitudes in the light of the variability of the features of uncertainty. They deal with two main sorts of cases : the case where a decision maker faces two separate sources of uncertainty (two-color Ellsberg paradox) ; the case where a decision maker faces mixed sources of uncertainty (Machina paradox)
Ivanenko, Yaroslav. "Sur l'usage de la théorie de la décision en finance." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010066.
Full textElabidi, Houda. "La prise en compte des facteurs ESG (environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance) dans l'appréhension du risque opérationnel : le cas du secteur bancaire en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080058.
Full textIn the adaptation of their governance models, methods and management processes. In this context, financial institutions are more and more involved in processes of expression, influence and standardization that interfere with their own vision and the ability to act. Such a context could not support either passivity or inaction and should, on the contrary, encourage financial institutions to develop more sophisticated risk management processes and to promote better application. However, the emergence of new sources of risk has made it more difficult to analyze the overall risk incurred by these institutions, hence the need to detect, control and limit it rapidly. This is why a social and governance environmental analysis makes it possible to diversify the sources of information, to refine and qualify the financial evaluation by non-financial criteria, but which participate fully in the development policy in the financial sector. This strengthens the role of risk governance in establishing guidelines and setting a framework for using a more comprehensive approach to risk management. In many cases, information on environmental, social and governance risks is overlooked by financial institutions, especially banks
Renard, Benjamin. "Détection et prise en compte d'éventuels impacts du changement climatique sur les extrêmes hydrologiques en France." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0095.
Full textClimate change is widely considered as a reality by scientists. Nevertheless, impacts on hydrological extremes are more difficult to observe and to predict. The aim of this thesis is to answer the following questions: How to detect changes in hydro-climatic series? What are the observed changes for extreme discharges in France? How to take into account possible changes in frequency analysis? These objectives refer to both the local and the regional scales. For this purpose, methodological aspects have been explored, by evaluating the benefit ofusing statistical tools like the Bayesian analysis or the use of copulas as a model for spatial dependence
Dubois, Frédéric. "Théorie des probabilités et risque : penser l'optimisme épistémologique après la catastrophe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26257.
Full textAccording to Ulrich Beck, modern societies are “risk societies”. On one hand, modernity has been the cradle of scientific development and, in the wake, the triumph of Reason. On another hand, its scientific successes gave rise to new technologies with such potential risks that some thinkers come to fear the worst for our modern societies. Yet, scientific-experts may hope to prevent and, therefore, rejoice the power to act against the eventuality of such disasters. Indeed, since the refinement of probabilistic theories, science now possesses a powerful tool to foresight the risks it produces. “Knowledge is power”, as Francis Bacon’s credo suggests. Hence, to calculate risks should be sufficient to seize the threats mankind is facing and, thereby, act upon it. But, what if, despite the more precise calculus possible, the worst was still to happen? As Chernobyl and, more recently, Fukushima reminded us, hazard might still have his way over the human ingenuity. Nuclear energy might be a simple example among an increasing number of emerging risk technologies. Still, the gravity of the consequences of its recent failures might whereas be the display of a deeper modern threat. We think we can learn from our experiences and, in such a way, as Leibniz would have said, a catastrophe becomes a prerequisite evil for a greater Good. Can we really learn from our experiences in a way we can, without a doubt, avoid a further catastrophe? Is there not in the epistemological optimism internal logic a greater threat that is obscured by our conception of risk as a mathematical concept? We then have to question not only the internal logic of an optimistic epistemology, but as well the modern constructed concept of risk as it presents itself as the core of modern developments.
Haddar, Marwa. "Essays on firm-level political risk and corporate finance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC0011.
Full textThe world is now changing with lightening speed. The greatest of those changes are occurring in the political and technological spheres. Geopolitical shifts have brought politics and business closer together. Political upheavals are incessantly reshaping the circumstances in which individuals, societies, and companies operate, which doesn't make markets in total isolation from politics. Politics molds and constrains markets through its rules, norms, and institutions. Trade regimes, sanctions, and national laws, for instance, shape businesses' environment. Tumultuous reverses, such as wars and revolutions, and other minor events, such as social activism and cyber threats, still take firms by surprise. Therefore, firms are forced to plan and act beyond their immediate environment. The meaning of political risk has changed. A few decades ago, political risk could be summarized in governmental actions, such as industry-related regulations or assets seizing in dictatorships. Today, however, governments are no longer the only arbiter. The twenty-first-century political risk has a broader and more complicated meaning. A civil war in Syria results in a refugee crisis in Europe. An anti-Chinese protest in Vietnam fuels stock-outs in the clothing industry in America. Rice and Zegart (2018) define the twenty-first-century political risk as “the probability that a political action could affect a company in significant ways.” Put in the most elemental terms, political actions emphasize the growing impact of risk generators outside army barracks and party headquarters. In today's competitive markets, firms need to consider all risks engendered by the widening array of global political actors, journalists, social activists, documentary filmmakers, etc. Historically, revolutions, nationalization, seizure of assets were the political risk chorus. However, for the modern-day global firms consider this risk on much more and more aspects. Thus, companies, and particularly international firms see the market as a global place and they plan their strategies accordingly. SeaWorld story, among many others, points out that firms can be dramatically blindsided by political actions of small groups of people and the power of individuals charged by connective technologies. The twenty-first-century political environment is an important external factor of uncertainty for firms. It can, therefore, constrain or foster their growth opportunities and survival. This thesis addresses the relationship between the modern-day politics and corporate financial decisions. So far, prior research studies have only focused on country-level and sector-level measures of political risk in the absence of direct ones. This dissertation, instead, traces through the ways in which political risk can affect U.S. firms' behaviour, using a new firm-level proxy to measure the risk. My dissertation is a three-paper compilation of studies related to political risk and corporate finance. In my first paper, I examine the effect of firm-level political risk on corporate cash holdings and cash management. The second paper investigates whether firm-level political risk affects trade credit provision. Finally, the third paper tackles the issues in measurement of political risk and examines the effect of the novel political risk measure on corporate investment and financing decisions
Rodney, Elodie. "Développement d’une méthode de gestion des risques de projet et d’aide à la décision en contexte incertain : application au domaine des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0399/document.
Full textRisk is an inherent property of each project. Indeed, any project faces, throughout its whole life cycle, numerous risks. Those risks can have an internal or an external origin. Be able to control risks is a crucial stake for the project success. Many risk management tools have been developed, but have the recurring weakness of representing only the project and treating the risk in isolation. Risks affect the project and are generated by the project itself. So, it is necessary to consider the numerous and complex interactions between project, environment and risks.The work carried out aims to develop a risk management method suitable for all types of projects and more particularly for projects of the competitive field of renewable energies.This method relies on a formal framework, as well as on application tools to optimize project risk management. Indeed, a modeling framework which supports the method and aims to facilitate the modeling of the project as a complex system has been developed. Moreover, the representation of the interactions and the decision making have been allowed by the nature of the attributes characterizing the entities of the project and its environment and the different models for evaluation, interpretation and selection of alternatives. This method was adapted to the uncertain context. For this purpose, uncertainties have been identified and described via the realization of a data base on risk factors. Then, uncertainties have been formalized, propagated and evaluated
Nicolaï, Isabelle. "Investissement, information, et coordination des activités : le cas des investissements innovants." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0041.
Full textThe productivity paradox can be described as a temporal gap between the innovation installation and its profitability. The innovation process is defined as a process developped in time, of a construction and utilisation of productive capacity. Then, investment commitment must be formalised by an irreversible decision which must face to an economic specific problem of sunk costs. An analysis of mecanisms of innovation process commitment must be made before justifying the microeconomic foundations of productivity paradox. This thesis focuses on the description of commitment process of the firm faces to many progressive constraints which are dependant on the nature of innovative process : irreversibility, uncertainty, cumulativity of commitments, intertemporal complementarity of production factors, and agents'plans coherence. The demonstrated results show that the irreversibility effects increases the noticed gap between demand and supply. We explain that by the existence of a production delay constructed by the firm, when innovation process is committed. Then, firm will organise and coordinate this production delay. The choice strategies developped by the firm in this way, must lead to an important contribution dedicated to market connexions, and to a construction of a competition focused on a descovering step by step of "essays-errors"
Llerena, Patrick. "Décision avec incertitude et irréversibilité : fondements de la théorie de la valeur d'option et application aux investissements productifs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10006.
Full textHachicha, Elleuch Salma. "Les décisions de crédit et la sélection adverse : une étude des stratégies des banques tunisiennes." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20001.
Full textThe theoretical developments relative to the asymmetric information hypothesis have allowed remodelling the analysis of relations between borrowers and lenders, in regard to customer relationships that can attenuate the adverse selection problems. The relational financing appears to be a two-fold winning game : the first, for firms which can benefit from favourable credit conditions then for banks which thus acquire more quality information. Equally, studying the behaviour of banks shows that the decentralization within the bank is-if not necessary-at least favourable to the development of such relationships. Our thesis encompasses these two main angles. A quantitative survey completed by a qualitative approach carried out on data of 122 Tunisian small and medium sized firms from 1996 to 2001 enables us to enhance the role that customer relationships play in reducing interest charges, collateral requirements and credit rationing. A questionnaire to 207 customer bank officers confirms the hypothesis according to which decentralization has a positive impact on inciting these executives to search qualitative information characterising the relational bank financing
Forsell, Nicklas. "Planification dans le risque et l'incertain : optimisation des stratégies de gestion spatiale des forêts." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30260.
Full textThis thesis concentrates on the optimization of large-scale management policies under conditions of risk and uncertainty. In paper I, we address the problem of solving large-scale spatial and temporal natural resource management problems. To model these types of problems, the framework of graph-based Markov decision processes (GMDPs) can be used. Two algorithms for computation of high-quality management policies are presented: the first is based on approximate linear programming (ALP) and __ the second is based on mean-field approximation and approximate policy iteration (MF-API). The applicability and efficiency of the algorithms were demonstrated by their ability to compute near-optimal management policies for two large-scale management problems. It was concluded that the two algorithms compute policies of similar quality. However, the MF-API algorithm should be used when both the policy and the expected value of the computed policy are required, while the ALP algorithm may be preferred when only the policy is required. In paper II, a number of reinforcement learning algorithms are presented that can be used to compute management policies for GMDPs when the transition function can only be simulated because its explicit formulation is unknown. Studies of the efficiency of the algorithms for three management problems led us to conclude that some of these algorithms were able to compute near-optimal management policies. In paper III, we used the GMDP framework to optimize long-term forestry management policies under stochastic wind-damage events. The model was demonstrated by a case study of an estate consisting of 1,200 ha of forest land, divided into 623 stands. We concluded that managing the estate according to the risk of wind damage increased the expected net present value (NPV) of the whole estate only slightly, less than 2%, under different wind-risk assumptions. Most of the stands were managed in the same manner as when the risk of wind damage was not considered. However, the analysis rests on properties of the model that need to be refined before definite conclusions can be drawn
Desrosiers, Maxime. "Le prix du risque idiosyncrasique : une analyse en séries temporelles et coupe transversale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67076.
Full textBourry, Franck. "Gestion des incertitudes liées à la production d'énergie renouvelable dans le cadre des marchés de l'électricité." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508345.
Full textDupuy, Philippe. "Perception du risque et perception de l'incertitude : réexamen des phénomènes de contagion sur le marché de la dette des pays émergents." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090063.
Full textCosta, Luis. "Gestion de cellules des systèmes électriques intégrant des sources de production stochastiques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409587.
Full textAhras, Amel. "L’innovation managériale en contexte algérien : difficultés et perspectives. Approche par études de cas. Recherche sur les ressorts de l'innovation managériale face à un environnement entrepreneurial hostile." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2088.
Full textAlgeria is widely recognized, particularly by international organizations, as being hostile to private entrepreneurship. Through the observation of several private companies that are prosperous in this country, we wanted to understand and explain their success despite this hostile context. A qualitative study based on the examination of multiple cases allows us to shed light on the levers of these successes (Novo Nordisk, Tifra-Lait, NCA-Rouiba, Cevital, etc.). It emerges from this research that managerial innovation seems to be one of the key elements of these successes. Moreover, this study has enabled us to understand the importance of resilience, particularly that of the creators and managers of these companies. Indeed, the research shows that, in the cases we consider, managerial innovation favors resilience by allowing to better seize certain opportunities and to face the hostile environment towards private entrepreneurship
Paquereau, Delphine. "Gestion de procédures et prise en compte du danger lors de l'occurrence d'incidents combinés : Application à la supervision d'une ligne de métro." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0024/document.
Full textDuring metro line operations, the supervision operator is responsible for the procedures’ execution when referring to incidents management. However, when combined incidents occur, procedures may be competing. In this particular case, situations which do not ensure people’s safety exist and an accident might happen. Firstly, the approach of studying these procedures integrates their graphical representation with the BPMN notation. These procedures’ models, understandable and accessible, provide a significant amount of knowledge for industrials in this area. Secondly, these models are performed as Petri nets to add dynamic to the system of interest. That is why, the notion of controllability and the influence of the execution context are introduced in the study of incidents management procedures. To ensure people’s safety, forbidden states are defined and identified among the states space with the supervisory control theory. These states are characterized in an original way : depending on their inclusion in a set of states but also depending on the controllability of their outgoing transitions. In addition to this innovative characterization, algorithms allow to determine and to avoid forbidden states. Criteria distinguish the admissible sequences which avoid forbidden states. These differentiation criteria are defined to steer the supervision operator through the actions he has to execute when combined incidents occur. Results allow us to provide assistance to the supervision operator with warnings and advice. This study is based on ATS supervision system developed by Thales and one of their customers’ incidents management procedures, the RATP. A prototype of operator support functionality for incidents management based on customer know-how has been implemented into Thales software
Alam, Thomas. "Quand la vache folle retrouve son champ : une comparaison transnationale de la remise en ordre d’un secteur d’action publique." Lille 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/40/54/39/PDF/ThAlam.pdf.
Full textBased on a comparaison between France and Britain, the thesis studies a sectoral reform that would have been made compulsory after the 1996 BSE crisis. It shows how change is promoted in a policy sector (food safety) and how is contributes to its existence by enhancing its administrative legitimacy. Rather than taking change for granted, change is apprehended through its symbolic dimension, whose shaping highly depends on the struggles over the sector’s dominaion. The latter are an integral part of the crisis building, the policy timing (the rupture) and the nessity of change. Through a transnational brokers, it reasserts that the foreign reference is a weapon as well as an issue of national sectoral struggles. Far from a top down and uniform implementation of an international good practice, its translation is significantly filtered by the singularities of the domestic space
Edward, Lydie. "Modélisation décisionnelle de personnages virtuels autonomes évoluant dans un environnement virtuel pour la prévention des risques sur les sites SEVESO." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1942.
Full textOur research deals with the design of a training system to support decision-making in the preparation and the management of maintenance interventions in high-risk industries namely SEVESO sites. The proposed system incorporates virtual reality and artificial intelligence to simulate virtual autonomous characters and their cognitive processes in dangerous working situations. It generates behaviour-based errors to support learning and risk prevention. It uses new mechanisms taking into account human factors with respect to cognitive modelling of human behaviour regarding risky situations. In the simulated environment the trainee can visualize the risks incurred during his work with the virtual agents. The emergent risks depend on the cognitive characteristics of the virtual operators and on the expertise of the trainee. We propose a multi-agent system to support the control of virtual operators represented by virtual cognitive agents. The difference with a classic MAS is that our cognitive agents are enriched with a planner for selecting actions according to goals, the environment and to the personal characteristics of the agents (time pressure, caution, tiredness, hunger)
Baillette, Paméla. "L'importance des activités relationnelles pour l'aide à la décision : le cas de l'adhésion du propriétaire-dirigeant de PME à une association de dirigeants." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20001.
Full textJaber, Hadi. "Modeling and analysis of propagation risks in complex projects : application to the development of new vehicles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC022/document.
Full textThe management of complex projects requires orchestrating the cooperation of hundreds of individuals from various companies, professions and backgrounds, working on thousands of activities, deliverables, and risks. As well, these numerous project elements are more and more interconnected, and no decision or action is independent. This growing complexity is one of the greatest challenges of project management and one of the causes for project failure in terms of cost overruns and time delays. For instance, in the automotive industry, increasing market orientation and growing complexity of automotive product has changed the management structure of the vehicle development projects from a hierarchical to a networked structure, including the manufacturer but also numerous suppliers. Dependencies between project elements increase risks, since problems in one element may propagate to other directly or indirectly dependent elements. Complexity generates a number of phenomena, positive or negative, isolated or in chains, local or global, that will more or less interfere with the convergence of the project towards its goals. The thesis aim is thus to reduce the risks associated with the complexity of the vehicle development projects by increasing the understanding of this complexity and the coordination of project actors. To do so, a first research question is to prioritize actions to mitigate complexity-related risks. Then, a second research question is to propose a way to organize and coordinate actors in order to cope efficiently with the previously identified complexity-related phenomena.The first question will be addressed by modeling project complexity and by analyzing complexity-related phenomena within the project, at two levels. First, a high-level factor-based descriptive modeling is proposed. It permits to measure and prioritize project areas where complexity may have the most impact. Second, a low-level graph-based modeling is proposed, based on the finer modeling of project elements and interdependencies. Contributions have been made on the complete modeling process, including the automation of some data-gathering steps, in order to increase performance and decrease effort and error risk. These two models can be used consequently; a first high-level measure can permit to focus on some areas of the project, where the low-level modeling will be applied, with a gain of global efficiency and impact. Based on these models, some contributions are made to anticipate potential behavior of the project. Topological and propagation analyses are proposed to detect and prioritize critical elements and critical interdependencies, while enlarging the sense of the polysemous word “critical."The second research question will be addressed by introducing a clustering methodology to propose groups of actors in new product development projects, especially for the actors involved in many deliverable-related interdependencies in different phases of the project life cycle. This permits to increase coordination between interdependent actors who are not always formally connected via the hierarchical structure of the project organization. This allows the project organization to be actually closer to what a networked structure should be. The automotive-based industrial application has shown promising results for the contributions to both research questions. Finally, the proposed methodology is discussed in terms of genericity and seems to be applicable to a wide set of complex projects for decision support
Walbaum, Boris. "L'analyse du risque politique : le cas des réformes de politiques publiques en France." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989597.
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