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1
Song, Qi. "Globally optimal image segmentation incorporating region, shape prior and context information." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2989.
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Accurate image segmentation is a challenging problem in the presence of weak boundary evidence, large object deformation, and serious mutual influence between multiple objects. In this thesis, we propose novel approaches to multi-object segmentation, which incorporates region, shape and context prior information to help overcome the stated challenges. The methods are based on a 3-D graph-theoretic framework. The main idea is to formulate the image segmentation problem as a discrete energy minimization problem. The prior region, shape and context information is incorporated by adding additional terms in our energy function , which are enforced using an arc-weighted graph representation. In particular, for optimal surface segmentation with region information, a ratio-form energy is employed, which contains both boundary term and regional term. To incorporate the shape and context prior information for multi-surface segmentation, additional shape-prior and context-prior terms are added, which penalize local shape change and local context change with respect to the prior shape model and the prior context model. We also propose a novel approach for the segmentation of terrain-like surfaces and regions with arbitrary topology. The context information is encoded by adding additional context term in the energy. Finally, a co-segmentation framework is proposed for tumor segmentation in PET-CT images, which makes use of the information from both modalities. The globally optimal solution for the segmentation of multiple objects can be obtained by computing a single maximum flow in a low-order polynomial time. The proposed method was validated on a variety of applications, including aorta segmentation in MRI images, intraretinal layer segmentation of OCT images, bladder-prostate segmentation in CT images, image resizing, robust delineation of pulmonary tumors in MVCBCT images, and co-segmentation of tumors in PET-CT images. The results demonstrated the applicability of the proposed approaches.
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Behzad, Nima. "3D Context of Objects : A prior for Object Detection and Place Classification." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92522.
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Contextual information is helpful for object detection and object-based placerepresentation. 3D data significantly helps to capture geometrical informationabout scenes. In this work, a feature descriptor for object context in full 3Dpointclouds of places is introduced together with a method to extract featuresand build the context model.The proposed model is evaluated in experiments on pointclouds from differenttypes of places which include different object categories. Results showthe promising ability of the model to predict the possible context of objects inpointclouds or complete 3D maps of an environment.Among various applications for this, the author suggests object contextmodels to be used in place categorization and semantic mapping and discussesa method for it. To the knowledge of the author, this work is unique regardingits use of full 3D pointcloud of scenes and also introducing this descriptor tobe used to represent places.
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Filik, Ruth. "Focus particles and parsing in context : the influence of only and prior referential context on the processing of syntactically ambiguous sentences." Thesis, University of Derby, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400452.
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Powell, Joshua McKay. "THE PERSONAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT OF JUSTINIANIC RELIGIOUS POLICY PRIOR TO THE THREE CHAPTERS CONTROVERSY." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/48.
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The emperor Justinian's religious policy has sometimes been characterized as haphazard or incoherent. This dissertation examines religious policy in the Roman Empire from the accession of the emperor Justin to the inception of the Three Chapters controversy in the mid 540's AD. It considers the resolution of the Acacian Schism, Justinian's apparent ambivalence with regard to the Theopaschite formula, the attempt to court the anti-Chalcedonians in Constantinople in the period leading up to the Council of 536, and the relationship between the genesis of the Three Chapters and Second Origenist controversies.
Even during these seemingly disparate episodes, this dissertation argues that it is possible to account for the apparent incoherence of this period. To do so, we create an account which includes and appreciates the embeddedness of imperial policy within a social context with two key features. First, we must bear in mind the shifting interests and information available to the individual agents through and over whom the emperor hoped to project influence. Second, we must identify the shifting and hardening symbolic and social boundaries established through the interactions of these same, competing agents. These form the basis for in- and out-group categorization. The individual interests of individual people—whether Justinian, Vitalian, Dioscorus, Leontius, Eusebius, Theodore Askidas, or Pelagius—within complex networks must always be accounted for to give a complete picture. When this social context is accounted for, Justinian's approach appears as that of a rational actor, having incomplete information, with consistent policy goals, working within inconsistent constraints to achieve those goals.
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Moore, Alrika. "Recognition of prior learning in a contemporary South African context a non-formal educational approach /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03162006-160045.
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Wu, Mu. "The Role of Personal Experience in Forming Spatial Presence in a Video Gaming Context." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1281739307.
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Hamoda, Haitham. "The assessment of sublingual route of misoprostal administration in the context of medical abortion and cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446087.
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The overall aim of the studies included in the Thesis is to improve the standard of care provided in the area of fertility control, and to increase the choices available to women. We initially assessed the efficacy of medical abortion using mifespristone and misoprostol administered vaginally at 9-13 weeks gestation and analgesia requirements with medical abortion, prior to proceeding to assess the sublingual route of misoprostol administration. The sublingual route of misoprostol administration was assessed both in the context of medical abortion and cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The hypothesis tested was that sublingual administration of misoprostol was as effective and acceptable as vaginal administration in the context of medical abortion and cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The studies carried out in this Thesis demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the sublingual route of misoprostol administration both with medical abortion and in the context of cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy and showed it to be an effective alternative to the vaginal route of administration. The application of these findings will increase the choice available to women and help improve the provision of clinical care in this important area of reproductive health.
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Yli-Vakkuri, Tuomo Juhani. "Essays on semantic content and context-sensitivity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bbdfacab-c35b-42a9-9f77-28479e3015b9.
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The thesis comprises three foundational studies on the topics named in its title, together with an introduction. Ch. 1 argues against a popular combination of views in the philosophy of language: Propositionality, which says that the semantic values of natural language sentences (relative to contexts) are the propositions they express (in those contexts) and Compositionality, which says that the semantic value of a complex expression of a natural language (in a context) is determined by the semantic values its immediate constituents have (in that same context) together with their syntactic mode of combination. Ch. 1 argues that the Naïve Picture is inconsistent with the presence of variable-binding in natural languages. Ch. 2 criticizes the strategy of using “operator arguments” to establish relativist conclusions such as: that the truth values of propositions vary with time (Time Relativism) or that they vary with location (Location Relativism). Operator arguments purport to derive the conclusion that propositions vary in truth value along some parameter P from the premise that there are, in some language, sentential operators that operate on or “shift” the P parameter. I identify two forms of operator argument, offer a reconstruction of each, and I argue that both they rely on an implausible, coarse-grained conception of propositions. Ch. 3 is an assessment of the prospects for semantic internalism. It argues, first, that to accommodate Putnam’s famous Twin Earth examples, an internalist must maintain that narrow semantic content determines different extensions relative to agents and times. Second, that the most thoroughly worked out version of semantic internalism – the epistemic two-dimensionalism (E2D) of David Chalmers – can accommodate the original Twin Earth thought experiments but is refuted by similar thought experiments that involve temporally or spatially symmetric agents.
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Yuan, Andy H. (Andy Han). "Prion biology in the context of bacteria." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115450.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Prions are infectious amyloid aggregates first described in the context of mammalian neurodegenerative diseases collectively known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Prions have also been uncovered in yeast, where they function as protein-based units of heredity that confer unique phenotypic traits on those cells that harbor them. To date, the discovery of prions and prion-like phenomena has been confined to the Eukarya. The work presented in this thesis seeks to explore the possibility that prion-like mechanisms are operative in the bacterial domain of life. In what follows, we demonstrate that Escherichia coli cells can propagate a model yeast prion in a chaperone-dependent manner, establishing that the bacterial cytoplasmic milieu in general and a molecular machine in particular are poised to support protein conformation-based heredity in bacteria. Moreover, we provide evidence that a bacterial transcription termination factor exhibits prion-like behavior in E. coli and yeast. Our work thus suggests that bacterial prions exist and may function as previously unrecognized reservoirs of phenotypic diversity among the most abundant organisms on earth.
by Andy H. Yuan.
Ph. D.
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Joshi, Neel Suresh. "Enhancing photographs using content-specific image priors." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3320953.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 3, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-145).
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Ebert, Philip A. "The context principle and implicit definitions : towards an account of our a priori knowledge of arithmetic." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14916.
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This thesis is concerned with explaining how a subject can acquire a priori knowledge of arithmetic. Every account for arithmetical, and in general mathematical knowledge faces Benacerraf's well-known challenge, i.e. how to reconcile the truths of mathematics with what can be known by ordinary human thinkers. I suggest four requirements that jointly make up this challenge and discuss and reject four distinct solutions to it. This will motivate a broadly Fregean approach to our knowledge of arithmetic and mathematics in general. Pursuing this strategy appeals to the context principle which, it is proposed, underwrites a form of Platonism and explains how reference to and object-directed thought about abstract entities is, in principle, possible. I discuss this principle and defend it against different criticisms as put forth in recent literature. Moreover, I will offer a general framework for implicit definitions by means of which - without an appeal to a faculty of intuition or purely pragmatic considerations - a priori and non-inferential knowledge of basic mathematical principles can be acquired. In the course of this discussion, I will argue against various types of opposition to this general approach. Also, I will highlight crucial shortcomings in the explanation of how implicit definitions may underwrite a priori knowledge of basic principles in broadly similar conceptions. In the final part, I will offer a general account of how non-inferential mathematical knowledge resulting from implicit definitions is best conceived which avoids these shortcomings.
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Fernandes, Jyothi. "The use of electrical charge to produce cell-cell contact prior to electrofusion." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001251.
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Kokkonen, Alexandra Blair. "Expertise in the illustrative context of BPM." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/79546/1/Alex_Kokkonen_Thesis.pdf.
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As Business Process Management (BPM) is evolving and organisations are becoming more process oriented, the need for Expertise in BPM amongst practitioners has increased. Proactively managing Expertise in BPM is essential to unlock the potential of BPM as a management paradigm and competitive advantage. Whilst great attention is being paid by the BPM community to the technological aspects of BPM, relatively little research or work has been done concerning the expertise aspect of BPM.
There is a substantial body of knowledge on expertise itself, however there is no common framework in existence at the time of writing, describing the fundamental attributes characterising Expertise in the illustrative context of BPM. There are direct implications of the understanding and characterisation of Expertise in the context of BPM as a key strategic component and success factor of BPM itself, as well as for those involved in BPM. Expertise in the context of BPM needs to be characterised to understand it, and be able to proactively manage it. Given the relative infancy of research into Expertise in the context of BPM, an exploration of the relevance and importance of Expertise in the context of BPM was considered essential, to ensure the study itself was of value to the BPM field. The aims of this research are firstly to address the two research questions 'why is expertise important and relevant in the context of BPM?', and 'how can Expertise in the context of BPM be characterised?', and secondly, the development of a comprehensive and validated A-priori model characterising Expertise in the illustrative context of BPM. The study is theory-guided. It has been undertaken via an extensive literature review across relevant literature domains, and a revelatory case study utilising several methods: informal discussions, an open-ended survey, and participant observation. An a-priori model was then developed which comprised of several Constructs and Sub-constructs, and several overall aspects of Expertise in BPM. This was followed by the conduct of interviews in the validation phase of the revelatory case study.
The primary contributions of this study are to the fields of expertise, BPM and research. Contributions to the field of expertise include a comprehensive review of expertise literature in general and synthesised critique on expertise research, characterisation of expertise in an illustrative context as a system, and a comprehensive narrative of the dynamics and interrelationships of the core attributes characterising expertise. Contributions to the field of BPM include firstly, the establishment of the importance of understanding Expertise in the context of BPM, including a comprehensive overview of the role the relevance and importance of Expertise in the context of BPM, through explanation of the effect of Expertise in BPM. Secondly, a model characterising Expertise in the context of BPM, which can be used by BPM practitioners to clearly articulate and illuminate the state of Expertise in BPM in organisations. Contributions to the field of research include an extended view of Systems Theory developed, reflecting the importance of the system context in systems thinking, and a narrative on ontological innovation through the positioning of ontology as a meta-model of Expertise in the context of BPM.
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Fox, Jillian Louise. "Young children and digital-numeracy in the prior-to-school year." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010.
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In the Digital Age, the development of mathematical proficiency is a key issue for children and their education (Steen, 1997). The process of becoming numerate begins in the early years. Considering the widespread demand for a numerate citizenry in a digital age, it is essential that young children develop the foundations of digital-numeracy. The term "digital-numeracy" is used to describe the numeracy practices and behaviours which are mediated by digital technologies such as microwaves, mobile phones, computers, console games ( e.g., Playstations®), television and DVD players and MP3 players ( e.g., iPods®). The expansive growth of digital technologies has precipitated the demand for specific skills in order to participate fully in 21 st Century digital life. A reality of the digital age is the impact that digital-numeracy has on the lives of young children and the opportunities that digital devices provide for development of mathematics. Likewise, while it has been established that the roles teachers and parents play in children's prior-toschool experiences are significant, there is limited understanding of the role they play in young children's numeracy and technology experiences.
According to Vygotskian theory (1978) teachers and parents are More Knowledgeable Others play significant roles in the lives of young children providing the learning experiences and tools that influence children's learning. The key components of Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory of learning, social interactions (MKOs) and use of cultural tools (i.e., digital devices) are important for understanding young children's digital-numeracy experiences. Thus, the central aim of the study was to investigate the influence teachers and parents have on young children's digital-numeracy experiences in the prior-to-school year.
The perspectives of MKOs were investigated though an exploratory, single case study design. Data were gathered from parents and teachers of preparatory children. All parents who responded to the research invitation were mothers. Parent data was collected through questionnaires and focus groups. Teacher data was collected through interviews, email correspondence and photographic evidence. The data was reviewed according to five analytical strategies: content analysis, pattern matching, identification of emergent themes, comparative analysis, hypothesis-generation and identification of anomalous cases.
There were four significant findings. First, this investigation established foundational evidence that young children use digital devices and experience a range of digital-numeracy opportunities in prior-to-school settings. Second, findings indicated that teachers might not demonstrate the depth of content and pedagogical knowledge that is expected and parents might express a depth of knowledge not expected. Third, it was discovered that teachers were techno-optimists who included digital devices in young children's preparatory experiences. Finally it was found that parents were technopessimists who strongly opposed the inclusion of digital devices in the home. Thus, this research challenges the assumptions of who can be considered More Knowledgeable Others in supporting children to become digitally numerate.
This thesis has also identified four pertinent avenues for future research. Teachers' lack of content and pedagogical mathematics knowledge is an important component of effective preparatory classrooms and should be investigated. Additionally, there is a need to explore mothers' unexpected knowledge and their highly emotive negative attitudes to digital devices. There is also a need to investigate fathers' perspectives to digitalnumeracy because they were not represented in the participating parent group. Finally, there is a need to establish how socio-economic factors impact young children's access to digital devices because this research was undertaken within a high socio-economic setting.
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Nentwig, Alice. "Molecular profiling of abnormal prion protein reveals unexpected heterogeneities in atypical scrapie /." Bern : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Abruzzo, Vincent G. "Content and Contrastive Self-Knowledge." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/108.
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It is widely believed that we have immediate, introspective access to the content of our own thoughts. This access is assumed to be privileged in a way that our access to the thought content of others is not. It is also widely believed that, in many cases, thought content is individuated according to properties that are external to the thinker's head. I will refer to these theses as privileged access and content externalism, respectively. Though both are widely held to be true, various arguments have been put forth to the effect that they are incompatible. This charge of incompatibilism has been met with a variety of compatibilist responses, each of which has received its own share of criticism. In this thesis, I will argue that a contrastive account of self-knowledge is a novel compatibilist response that shows significant promise.
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Eckhoff, Angela. "Influences on children's aesthetic responses: The role of prior knowledge, contexts, and social experiences during interactions with the visual arts." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3239402.
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Denaxas, Spiridon Christoforos. "A novel framework for integrating a priori domain knowledge into traditional data analysis in the context of bioinformatics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492124.
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Recent advances in experimental technology have given scientists the ability to perform large-scale multidimensional experiments involving large data sets. As a direct implication, the amount of data that is being generated is rising in an exponential manner. However, in order to fully scrutinize and comprehend the results obtained from traditional data analysis approaches, it has been proven that a priori domain knowledge must be taken into consideration. Infusing existing knowledge into data analysis operations however is a non-trivial task which presents a number of challenges. This research is concerned into utilizing a structured ontology representing the individual elements composing such large data sets for assessing the results obtained. More specifically, statistical natural language processing and information retrieval methodologies are used in order to provide a seamless integration of existing domain knowledge in the context of cluster analysis experiments on gene product expression patterns. The aim of this research is to produce a framework for integrating a priori domain knowledge into traditional data analysis approaches. This is done in the context of DNA microarrays and gene expression experiments. The value added by the framework to the existing body of research is twofold. First, the framework provides a figure of merit score for assessing and quantifying the biological relatedness between individual gene products. Second, it proposes a mechanism for evaluating the results of data clustering algorithms from a biological point of view.
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Pfister, Béatrice U. "Präventiveingriffe in die Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit : eine Darstellung der amerikanischen Doctrine of Prior Restraint und der bundesgerichtlichen Rechtsprechung zu Präventiveingriffen in die Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit /." Bern ; Frankfurt a.M. [etc.] : P. Lang, 1986. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Zhu, Seng. "Study of the mechanism of Tunneling nanotubes formation and their role in aggregate proteins transfer between cells." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS377.
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Les Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) sont des protrusions cellulaires à base d'actine qui médient la communication cellulaire en transférant des cargos cellulaires. Les différents types de communication intercellulaires sont de plus en plus considérés comme des cibles potentielles pour le traitement de différentes maladies, telles que les maladies infectieuses liées aux virus et bactéries, les cancers ou les maladies neurodégénératives. Des études récentes ont mis en évidence un mécanisme de propagation d'agrégats protéiques ressemblant à la propagation du prion dans diverses maladies neurodégénératives non infectieuses telles que la maladie d'Alzheimer (AD), la démence frontotemporelle (FTD), la maladie de Parkinson (PD) et la maladie de Huntington. Ces maladies se caractérisent par l'accumulation de protéines mal repliées dans le cerveau des patients. Ainsi, on peut envisager de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques pour bloquer la propagation des protéines anormales dans tout le cerveau. Il a été démontré que les TNT pourraient jouer un rôle essentiel dans la propagation des agrégats de prions au sein du système nerveux central (SNC) et périphérique. Par conséquent, l'étude du mécanisme de la formation de TNT pourrait fournir de nouvelles idées sur le mécanisme de propagation de la maladie et de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. L'objectif de ma thèse était d'étudier le rôle du transfert des agrégats de protéines par les TNT entre les cellules et d'étudier le mécanisme de formation des TNT. Dans notre laboratoire, nous avons déjà montré que les TNT permettent le transfert de prions entre les cellules. Dans la première partie de mon doctorat, j'ai confirmé que les transferts d'agrégats de prions entre les cellules de CAD neuronales se faisaient par les TNT à l'intérieur de vésicules endocytiques (Zhu et al., 2015). De plus, en collaboration avec un collègue, nous avons fourni des preuves que les agrégats de prions pourraient être transférés entre des astrocytes primaires et des neurones et que ce transfert était médié par un contact cellulaire (Victoria et al., 2016). J'ai également collaboré à une autre étude où nous avons montré que les agrégats d'α-synucléine (caractéristiques de la maladie de Parkinson) peuvent être transférés entre les cellules à l'intérieur des lysosomes, et que ce transfert intercellulaire est médié par les TNT (Abounit et al., 2016). Dans mon deuxième projet, afin d'étudier le mécanisme de la formation de TNT, j'ai effectué un crible à haut débit pour les Rab GTPase. J'ai trouvé que Rab8 et Rab11 peuvent favoriser la formation des TNT, et que les cascades Rab8-VAMP3, Rab11-ERM et Rab8-Rab11 sont impliquées dans la formation des TNT. Mes données suggèrent que la polymérisation de l'actine et le trafic de membranes sont impliqués dans la formation des TNT. Ces résultats permettent d'éclairer le mécanisme de la formation des TNT et de fournir des preuves moléculaires que les Rab GTPases régulent ce processusTunneling nanotubes are actin-based cell protrusions that mediate cell-to-cell communication by transferring cellular cargos. The different types of intercellular communication are increasing by being considered as potential targets for the treatment of various diseases, such as infectious diseases linked to viruses and bacteria, cancers or neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have highlighted a prion-like mechanism of propagation of protein misfolding in a variety of common, non-infectious, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain of patients. Thus, new therapeutic strategies to block propagation of protein misfolding throughout the brain can be envisaged. It has been shown that TNTs might play a critical role in spreading of prion aggregates within the CNS and from the periphery. Therefore, the study of mechanism of TNT formation could provide new insights on the mechanism of disease propagation and novel therapeutic targets. The aim of my thesis was to study the role of TNT-mediate protein aggregates transfer between cells and to investigate the mechanism of TNT formation. In our lab, we already reported TNT mediate prion transfer between cells. In the first part of my PhD, I further confirmed that prion aggregates transfer between neuronal CAD cells through TNT inside endocytic vesicles (Zhu et al., 2015). Furthermore in collaboration with a colleague, we provided evidences that prion aggregates could transfer between primary astrocytes and neurons and the transfer was mediated by cell-to-cell contact (Victoria et al., 2016). I also collaborated to another study where we showed that α-synuclein aggregates (Parkinson’s disease) can transfer between cells inside lysosomes, and the intercellular transfer is mediated by TNTs (Abounit et al., 2016).In my second project, in order to investigate the mechanism of TNT formation, I performed a High-content screening of Rab GTPase. I found that Rab8 and Rab11 can promote TNT formation, that Rab8-VAMP3, Rab11-ERM and Rab8-Rab11 cascades are involved in TNT formation. My data suggests that both actin polymerization and membrane trafficking are involved in TNT formation. These results help to shed light on the mechanism of TNT formation, and provide molecular evidences that Rab GTPases regulate this process
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Lochead, Janet K. "The effects of body size, kinship, prior residency and food availability on aggression and contest outcomes of hatchling snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35908.pdf.
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Hutchison, Linda Sue. "How does prior subject matter knowledge affect the learning of pedagogical content knowledge in a mathematics methods course at the preservice level? /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7586.
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Davis, Andrew Fisher. "The Priory of Higham in Kent : context, history and charters, from foundation to dissolution, with particular reference to the documents relating to the priory in the archive of St.John's College, Cambridge." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596069.
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Dumont, Julien. "Optimisation conjointe de l'émetteur et du récepteur par utilisation des a priori du canal dans un contexte MIMO." Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0310.
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Dans cette thèse, nous avons abordé différents aspects de l’utilisation d’informations sur le milieu de propagation, dans un contexte MIMO, afin d’optimiser l’émetteur et le(s) récepteur(s). En effet, la situation idéale dans laquelle le canal serait connu parfaitement et instantanément de l’émetteur, et les stratégies mises en oeuvre définies de façon immédiate, est une hypothèse extrêmement forte qui conduit à la recherche de méthodes utilisant des éléments dont l’évaluation serait plus simple et/ou plus robuste, et sur des durées abordables. Nous avons ici précisément cherché à décrire ou à donner des stratégies utilisant différents a priori du canal. Tout d’abord, nous avons établi une stratégie permettant d’atteindre la capacité de canaux de type Rice corrélés et séparables (chapitre 1). Pour cela, nous avons établi préalablement une expression déterministe de l’information mutuelle de tels canaux, prenant en compte certaines statistiques du milieu, puis nous l’avons maximisée par rapport à la covariance des entrées. C’est donc une stratégie d’émission. Cela a également été l’occasion d’utiliser certains outils mathématiques de la théorie des grandes matrices aléatoires, qui donne ici une belle démonstration de ses possibilités, en répondant à un problème d’une grande complexité théorique. Ensuite, nous avons évalué l’impact d’une implantation pratique de certaines stratégies pratiques d’émission dans le cadre de systèmes broadcast, afin tout d’abord de dégager certains critères de choix de codeurs par rapport à une utilisation in situ, puis pour déterminer si l’utilisation de telles stratégies à l’émetteur était suffisamment robuste aux erreurs d’estimation, ou s’il n’était pas plus pertinent d’utiliser le TDMA (chapitre 2). La stratégie broadcast, souvent considérée comme très sensible au canal et à ses erreurs, se révèle relativement robuste et efficace pour une implantation réaliste, voire même plus que la solution TDMA, même si cette dernière solution ne nécessite qu’une information minime sur le canal (le SINR de chaque récepteur). Enfin, on a également étudié pour le cas pratique de l’interférence canal adjacent, dont on a démontré l’influence notable pour l’UMTS, comment certains paramètres du canal pouvaient aider à la décision d’une stratégie de réception pertinente (chapitre 3). La simple donnée de la distance entre le mobile et la station de base interférente permet de choisir entre différentes solutions en réception pour mieux combattre l’ACI, dont quelques unes que nous avons proposées. Cette décision peut d’ailleurs être prise par l’émetteur si celui-ci possède la donnée de cette distance. Nous voyons ici comment une information simple sur le canal peut être utilisée par un récepteur pour gérer l’évolution du canal et la qualité de son lien. Il est intéressant de privilégier les stratégies d’émission en ce sens que les moyens disponibles à la station de base étant souvent plus élevés, on peut en rapportant à l’émetteur un certain nombre de traitements - et donc une certaine complexité - solliciter moins le récepteur en calculs. Ce dernier peut consacrer alors plus de ressources à d’autres tâches, ou tout simplement augmenter son autonomie, qui est rappelons-le une des principales limitations des récepteurs envisagés les systèmes de nouvelles générations. Les solutions développées dans nos travaux vont donc en ce sens, et contribuent à montrer que, même pour des approches et des problématiques assez dissemblables, l’exploitation d’informations partielles sur le canal est une solution qui permet d’espérer de façon générale une amélioration significative des performances des systèmes MIMO
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Turner, Philippa. "Image and devotion in Durham Cathedral Priory and York Minster c.1300-c.1540 : new contexts, new perspectives." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8966/.
Full textAbstract:
Religious images in various media, especially three-dimensional sculpture, were usually an important component of the physical topographies and devotional practices within ecclesiastical institutions during the period c.1300-c.1540. So far, discussion of these images has largely focused on continental contexts and on the English parochial context. This thesis addresses the English cathedral context in detail, providing a close reading of the images at two contrasting institutions in the north of England: Durham cathedral priory and York Minster. Unlike the continent, where there are rich survivals of medieval images, investigation of the English context is rendered more difficult by the lack of extant objects. Part One therefore uses primarily documentary sources to build up the image-topographies of both institutions. Part Two analyses aspects of these images comparatively, incorporating further comparison with those in other English cathedrals, great abbeys, and the parochial context, as well as continental cathedrals. It explores the connections between images and those who worshipped in these cathedral churches, the relationships that could be constructed between images, and between images and other sacred objects, especially saints’ shrines. This thesis therefore presents a new art-historical reading of these interiors and their users, and demonstrates the importance of the religious image in the physical and imaginative spaces within the late medieval English cathedral.
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Djintcharadze, Anna. "L'A priori de la connaissance au sein du statut logique et ontologique de l'argument de Dieu de Saint Anselme: La réception médiévale de l'argument (XIIIe-XIVe siècles) = The a priori of knowledge in the context of the logical and ontological status of Saint Anselm’s proof of God: the medieval reception of the argument (13th -14th centuries)." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107407.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Olivier BoulnoisThesis advisor: Stephen F. Brown
The Dissertation Text has Three Parts. Each paragraph is referred at the end to the Part it summarizes. My dissertation places Saint Anselm’s Ontological Argument within its original Neoplatonic context that should justify its validity. The historical thesis is that Anselm’s epistemology, underlying the Proslogion, the Monologion and De Veritate, was a natural, often unaccounted for, reflection of the essentially Neoplatonic vision that defined the pre-thirteenth century mental culture in Europe. (Introduction and Part I) This thesis is shown through the reception of Anselm’s argument by 27 XIIIth-XIVth century thinkers, whose reading of it exhibits a gradual weakening of Neoplatonic premises up to a complete change of paradigm towards the XIVth century, the first reason being the specificity of the Medieval reception of Aristotle’s teaching on first principles that is the subject of Posterior Analytics (Part II), and the second reason being the specificity of the Medieval reception of Dionysius the Areopagite (Part III, see sub-thesis 4 below). The defense of this main historical thesis aims at proving three systematic sub-theses, including a further historical sub-thesis. The Three Systematic Sub-Theses: 1) The inadequacy of rationalist and idealist epistemology in reaching and providing apodictic truths (the chief one of which is God’s existence) with ultimate ontic grounding, as well as the inadequacy of objectivistic metaphysics that underlies these epistemologies, calls for another, non-objectifying epistemic paradigm offered by the Neoplatonic (Proclian theorem of transcendence) apophatic and supra-discursive logic (kenotic epistemology) that should be a better method to achieve certainty, because of its ability to found logic in its ontic source and thus envisage thought as an experience and a mode of being in which it is grounded. Within such a dialectic, there cannot be any opposition or division either between being and thought, or between faith and reason, faith being an ontic ground of reason’s activity defined as self-transcendence. The argument of the Proslogion is thus an instance of logic that transcends itself into its own principle – into ‘that than which nothing greater can be conceived’. Such an epistemological vision is also supported by contemporary epistemology (Russell’s Paradox and Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem) (Introduction and Part I) 2) In virtue of this apophatic and supra-discursive vision, God’s existence, thought by human mind (as expressed in the argument of the Proslogion), happens to be a common denominator between God’s inaccessible essence and the created essence of human mind, so that human consciousness can be defined as ‘con-science’ – the mind experiencing its own being as co-knowledge with God that forges being as such. (Part I) 3) However, God’s existence as a common denominator between God’s essence and the created essence of human mind cannot be legitimately accommodated within the XIIIth-XIVth century epistemology and metaphysics because of the specificity of relation between God’s essence and His attributes, typical of Medieval scholasticism and as stated by Peter Lombard and Thomas Aquinas. If this relation is kept, while at the same time God’s existence is affirmed as immanent to the human mind (God as the first object of intellect), God’s transcendence is sacrificed and He becomes subject to metaphysics (Scotus’ nominal univocity of being). In order to achieve real univocity between the existence of human thinking and God’s existence, one needs a relation between God’s essence and His attributes that would allow a real participation of the created in the uncreated. The configuration of such a relation, however, needs the distinction between God’s essence and His energies that Western Medieval thought did not know, but that is inherent to the Neoplatonic epistemic tradition persisting through the Eastern Church theologians and Dionysius the Areopagite up to Gregory Palamas. (Part III) Another Historical Sub-Thesis: 4) One of the reasons why Medieval readers of Anselm’s Proslogion misread it in the Aristotelian key, was that they did not have access to the original work of Dionysius the Areopagite, in which the said distinction between God’s essence and His energies is present. This is due to the fact that the Medievals read Dionysius through Eriugena’s translation. However, Eriugena was himself influenced by Augustine’s De Trinitate that exhibits an essentialist theology: in fact, it places ideas within God’s essence, which yields the notion of the created as a mere similitude, not real participation, and which ultimately makes the vision (knowledge) of God possible only in the afterlife. Since already with Augustine the relation between grace and nature is modified (grace becomes a created manifestation of God, instead of being His uncreated energy), God’s essence remains incommunicable. Similarly, God’s existence is not in any way immanent to the created world, of which the created human intellect is a part, so that it remains as transcendent to the human mind as is His incommunicable essence. This should explain why for the Medievals analogy, and eventually univocity, was the only way to say something about God, and also why they mostly could not read Anselm’s Proslogion otherwise than either in terms of propositional or modal logic. (Part III) The dissertation concludes that whilst Anselm’s epistemology in the Proslogion is an instance of Neoplatonic metaphysical tradition, the question of the possibility of certainty in epistemology, as well as the possibility of metaphysics as such, depends on the possibility of real communicability between the immanence of human predicating mind and the transcendence of God’s essence through His trans-immanent existence
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Landa, Arroyo César. "The Inquiry Commissions and the Differences between the Tineo Cabrera & Toledo’s Judgments." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123067.
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The present article addresses the issue about the differences between the Tineo Cabrera and Toledo´s precedents, which is about the clarifications made by the Constitutional Court concerning the fundamentals rights like prior and detailed notification and lifting banking secrecy made in assembly parliamentary. Likewise, give its opinion about the inquiry commissions performance and the improvements that must be implement to its objective actuation and non-arbitrary.En la presente entrevista el autor trata las diferencias entre la sentencia Tineo Cabrera y la sentencia Toledo, que gira en torno a las precisiones que hiciera el Tribunal Constitucional respecto a los derechos fundamentales como la comunicación previa y detallada y el levantamiento del secreto bancario realizadas en sede parlamentaria. Asimismo, da su opinión sobre el desempeño de las comisiones investigadoras y las mejoras que se deben implementar para su actuación objetiva y no arbitraria.
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Vieira, Junior Waldemir Francisco 1989. "Efeito da aplicação de diferentes dentifrícios previamente ao clareamento dental nas propriedades físicas e conteúdo mineral do esmalte = Effect of different toothpastes application prior to dental bleaching on enamel physical properties and mineral content." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289480.
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Orientadores: José Roberto Lovadino, Debora Alves Nunes Leite LimaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T00:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VieiraJunior_WaldemirFrancisco_M.pdf: 2625418 bytes, checksum: 9b4424cf9945e3e37e733389e7cacc32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de dentifrícios com diferentes princípios ativos aplicados previamente ao clareamento dental com peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (PH) nas propriedades físicas e cromáticas do esmalte, conteúdo mineral e na morfologia superficial. Métodos: Blocos de esmalte bovino foram submetidos a protocolos de tratamento na máquina simuladora de escovação (n = 10): 1) escovação com água destilada e exposição ao gel placebo (PLA - controle negativo) ou 2) gel clareador (PH - controle positivo), escovação com diferentes dentifrícios previamente ao clareamento com PH, sendo: 3) dentifrício com nitrato de potássio e fluoreto de sódio (PN), 4) com monoflúorfosfato de sódio (FT), à base de 5) arginina 8%, Pro-Argin¿ (PA), 6) arginina 1,5%, Neutraçúcar¿ (SAN), ou 7) com vidro bioativo NovaMin¿ (NM). No capítulo 1 foi realizada nos tempos inicial e final a análise da rugosidade superficial (Ra) e cor pelo sistema Cie L*a*b* (?E, ?L, ?a e ?b). No tempo final foi avaliada a microdureza superficial (SMH) e a microdureza em profundidade (CSMH - 10, 25, 50, 75 e 100?m). No capítulo 2, a concentração iônica de fósforo no gel [P] foi analisada e determinada o nível elementar (%) de Ca, Na, P e proporção entre Ca / P por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva por raios-x (EDS) e a morfologia de superfície por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os dados foram submetidos a teste Proc-Mixed de medidas repetidas (Ra), ANOVA (SMH, Nível elementar, [P] e Cor), ANOVA de parcelas subdivididas (CSMH) e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: O clareamento dental (PH) diminuiu os valores de SMH e CSMH, entretanto os dentifrícios diminuíram o efeito da perda de CSMH e aumentaram a SMH (NM > PA = SAN > outros grupos). O clareamento aumentou a Ra em comparação ao PLA, todos os grupos tiveram aumento da Ra, exceto NM que não diferiu de PLA. Os valores de ?E, ?L e ?b não diferiram entre os grupos experimentais e o controle positivo (PH). O grupo PH aumentou a perda de fósforo [P], entretanto NM não diferiu de PLA. PH diminuiu os valores de % Ca em comparação PLA, no entanto PA não diferiu de PLA. MEV, apenas os grupos PH e FT demonstraram alteração de morfologia. Conclusão: O clareamento dental alterou as propriedades e conteúdo mineral do esmalte, entretanto a utilização prévia de dentifrícios preveniu os efeitos negativos, sem interferir na eficácia do tratamento. O dentifrício com vidro bioativo demonstrou potencial efeito benéfico na terapia clareadora
Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the effect of toothpastes with different active agents applied prior to dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide on enamel properties, whiteness effectiveness, enamel mineral content and morphology surface. Methods: 70 enamel blocks (4x4x2 mm) were submitted to in vitro treatment protocols in tooth-brushing machine (n=10): 1) with distilled water and exposure to placebo gel (PLA) or 2) bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); brushing with different toothpaste was performed prior the bleaching treatment (HP), being: 3) potassium nitrate toothpaste (PN) containing NaF, 4) conventional MFP fluoridated toothpaste (FT), 5) arginine-carbonate (8% arginine) based toothpaste (PA), 6) arginine-carbonate (1.5% arginine) based toothpaste (SAN) and 7) toothpaste containing bioactive glass (NM). In chapter 1, the color changes were characterized using the Cie L*a*b* system (?E, ?L, ?a and ?b) and roughness (Ra) analysis was performed before and after treatments, surface microhardness (SMH) and cross- sectional microhardness (CSMH) were analyzed after treatments. In chapter 2, the phosphorus concentration in gel ([P]) was performed and the elemental levels (%) of Ca, Na, P and proportion between Ca/P were determined by Energy Dispersive X- ray Spectrometer (EDS) and morphology surface by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed PROC MIXED (Ra), ANOVA (SMH, %, [P], ?E, ?L, ?a and ?b), ANOVA split plot (CSMH) and Tukey's test post hoc (p<0.05). Results: ?E, ?L and ?b were statically similarity in all bleached groups. After bleaching, SMH and CSMH decreased in HP and increased signi?cantly in the treatment groups (SMH) versus the negative and positive control (NM > PA = SAN > all others groups) or decreased HP effects (CSMH). Ra increased in all bleached groups, with exception in NM that did not differ to PLA. HP increased the [P] loss, however only NM group application prior to HP did not differ of PLA. EDS analysis showed that HP decreased the % Ca values differing to PLA, the % P was increased in bleaching groups, however the PA group did not differ to PLA. SEM analysis presented the decrease of demineralization effect in groups submitted the toothpaste application prior to HP, with exception the HP and MFP group that demonstrated morphology alteration. Conclusion: Dental bleaching affect the enamel properties and mineral content however toothpastes showed a potential effect in reducing the bleaching effects on the enamel properties without influence on the whiteness effectiveness. Furthermore, the toothpaste containing bioactive glass showed potential beneficial effect for bleaching therapy
Mestrado
Dentística
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
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Morrison, Eddie Michael. "Integration of knowledge of systematics in the teaching of population studies and biodiversity to grade 11 Life Sciences learners." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24766.
Full textAbstract:
The implementation of the National Curriculum Statement in 2006 saw the name of the subject known as Biology change to Life Sciences accompanied by changes in subject content. The curriculum committee excluded systematics as a separate unit from the new outcomes-based Life Sciences curriculum for grades 10 to 12 that was implemented in 2006. Educators had to include aspects of systematics in teaching these concepts without guidance from the curriculum. This posed the question whether mastery of population dynamics and biodiversity is dependent on content of systematics in the context of the new curriculum. The New Content Framework for Life Sciences implemented in 2009 reintroduced systematics as a single unit. This raised the question why systematics has been reintroduced in the Life Sciences curriculum. This study aims to determine the influence the exclusion of systematics as a separate unit from the Life Sciences curriculum, implemented in 2006, had on the teaching of population studies and biodiversity. Data was gathered by evaluating and analysing the relevant curriculum statements, work schedules and content frameworks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, first in 2008 when systematics was excluded from the curriculum and then in 2009 after the reintroduction. The first interviews dealt with the exclusion of systematics and the second interviews queried the reintroduction of systematics in the New Content Framework. Interviews were conducted with grade 11 Life Sciences educators at two secondary schools and two curriculum developers involved in compiling the Life Sciences curriculum. An expert in systematics and another in ecology were interviewed about the exclusion of systematics. The workbooks of some grade 11 learners were studied. Classroom observations were conducted when the relevant topics were being covered in class. A number of reasons for the exclusion of systematics from the NCS were advanced. These included: there was no population dynamics expert in the curriculum development team, emphasis was placed on outcomes and not content, the academic background of the members of the curriculum team and the difficulty of teaching systematics, perceived to be uninteresting. There was disagreement whether systematics is essential for understanding population dynamics but there is consensus that the study of systematics influences biodiversity and its exclusion left a regrettable void. However, systematics should be taught in a more interesting way. Prior knowledge is important for understanding of certain processes and concepts as well as for the application of practical skills like problem-solving and scientific inquiry. The curriculum does not provide detailed guidance on the content and practical activities to be covered and educators are encouraged to develop their own curriculum and activities. Experienced educators with strong academic backgrounds in animal and plant sciences referred to or used knowledge of systematics in some lessons. In 2009, systematics was reintroduced in the Life Sciences curriculum to ensure that learners understand biodiversity and evolution through natural selection. It provides learners a better foundation to understand similarities and differences in the structure and function of different organisms and body plans and ensures that they use higher-order thinking skills when doing problem-solving and scientific inquiry activities.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Curriculum Studies
unrestricted
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Nunes, Mónica Lousã Machado. "A fiscalização prévia da contratação pública e as imposições da União Europeia no contexto da autonomia das instituições de ensino superior de direito público." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Politicas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6549.
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Tese de Mestrado em MPA - Administração PúblicaO presente estudo descreve o regime da fiscalização prévia da contratação pública pelo Tribunal de Contas e confronta-o em termos gerais com outros regimes. Analisa numa perspetiva histórica, as alterações introduzidas na legislação nacional e as respetivas imposições da União Europeia, quer as vigentes, decorrentes do Memorando de Entendimento sobre as Condicionalidades de Política Económica [Memorando de Entendimento (celebrado entre o Governo e a Comissão)], quer as constantes da proposta de Diretiva de 20.12.2011 COM (2011) 896 (destinada a substituir a Diretiva 2004/18/CE). Em especial, efetua o enquadramento da fiscalização prévia dos contratos públicos celebrados pelas instituições de ensino superior de direito público e conjuga-o com o regime legal e constitucional destas, em particular com a sua autonomia. Expõem-se os números dos contratos submetidos a fiscalização prévia pelas instituições de ensino superior de direito público no último triénio, comparando-os com a generalidade dos submetidos ao Tribunal de Contas. Faz-se referência aos casos de recusa de visto decorrentes da qualificação das instituições de ensino superior de direito público como entidades compradoras vinculadas ao Sistema Nacional de Compras Públicas. Apresenta-se a perceção dos intervenientes (Tribunal de Contas e instituições de ensino superior de direito público), obtida a partir de entrevistas e questionários, concluindo-se que os dados recolhidos, combinados com o regime da fiscalização prévia no âmbito da contratação pública às instituições de ensino superior de direito público admitem a introdução de alterações neste, face ao imposto pela União Europeia, ao regime constitucional vigente e à proposta de Diretiva. Indicam-se ainda pistas para a reflexão da evolução do regime da fiscalização prévia da contratação pública em Portugal.
The present study describes the system of prior control of public procurement by the Court of Auditors and confronts it, in general terms, with other assessment schemes. It analyses, in a historical perspective, the changes in national legislation and the respective impositions of the European Union, either the current ones, resulting from the Memorandum of Understanding on Specific Economic Policy Conditionality [Memorandum of Understanding (signed between the Government and the Commission)], or the ones that result from a proposal of directive 20.12.2011 (intended to replace the directive 2004/18/CE). It particularly reviews the framework of prior supervision of procurement by higher education institutions of public law, and assesses its legal and constitutional framework, mainly their autonomy. The numbers of contracts submitted to prior inspection by higher education institutions of public law in the last three years are exposed and compared with the general contracts submitted at Court of Auditors. Reference is made to cases of visa refusal due to the qualification of the higher education institutions of public law as procuring entities linked to the National System of Public Procurement. The perceptions of stakeholders (Court of Auditors and higher education institutions of public law), obtained from interviews and questionnaires, are presented. The data collected, combined with the analyses of the framework of prior supervision of public procurement to higher education institutions of public law, recommend amendments to latter, taking into account what is required by the European Union, by the Constitution and by the proposal Directive. Slopes for reflection of the evolution of the system of prior control of public procurement in Portugal are also referred.
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Sehil, Nouha. "Montages contractuels : qualification, enjeux et perspectives, contribution à l'analyse en droit privé et en droit public." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1090.
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Issu de la pratique, le phénomène des montages contractuels est devenu une réalité quotidienne de la vie des affaires, des relations de travail, voire du droit économique. La question se pose alors de sa réception par le droit positif. Absent du vocabulaire juridique, le montage est un concept à définir. D'un point de vue théorique, il représente une articulation d'un ensemble d'actes ou d'opérations en vue d'une finalité propre. Cependant, il est loin de refléter une réalité uniforme. En droit privé, comme en droit public, il est une dialectique entre la norme et la pratique, voire entre la complexité et la complication, puisqu'il déroge au schéma classique du contrat simple, ce qui soulève la question de son insertion dans l'ordre contractuel. D'un point de vue pratique, il représente un phénomène pluridisciplinaire et diversifié qui ne saurait être dissocié des impératifs économiques. Une analyse des aspects financiers et fiscaux permet une meilleure compréhension de son caractère transversal. Mais, comme toute ingénierie, la jurisprudence et le législateur tendent à l'appréhender. Dans les montage mettant en présence des problématiques croisées de droit public et privé, la mise en place des solutions contractuelles relatives au financement privé d'équipements publics,telles que les formules de partenariat public-privé de prestations (CP, BEA, AOT), les délégations de service public (concessions, régie intéressée, affermage) ou encore les concessions de travaux, est indispensable. De même, en matière de promotion immobilière, ces solutions doivent permettre une externalisation de la maîtrise d'ouvrage technique des opérations de construction (VEFA, lease-back, contrats de promotion immobilière)Stemming from the practice,the phenomenon of the contractual editings became a daily reality of business'life, labor relations, and even economic law. The question settles then of its reception by positive law. Absent in the legal vocabulary, the editing is a concept to be defined. From a theoretical point of view, it represents an articulation of a set of acts or operations with the aim of an appropriate purpose. However, it's far from reflecting a uniform reality. In private law, as in public law, it's a dialectic between standard and practice, even between the complexity and the complication because it departs from the classic contract's plan, what raises the question of its insertion in the contractual order. From a practical point of view,it appears as a multidisciplinary and diversified phenomenon which couldn't be separated from the economic imperatives.An analysis of the various financial and fiscal aspects allows a better understanding of its transverse character. As any engineering, the jurisprudence and the legislator try to get grips with. For the editings putting in the presence of the crossed problems of public and private law, the implementation of the contractual solutions relative to the financing deprived of public equipments such as the formulae of Public Private Partnership of services (CP, GAPED, essential AOT ), works contracts (interested state control, lease), is essential. Also, regarding real-estate development, these solutions have to allow an outsourcing of the technical project ownership of the construction's operations (VEFA, lease-back, contracts of real-estate development..)
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Dorka, Moritz. "On the domain-specific formalization of requirement specifications - a case study of ETCS." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-182866.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a piece of software to automatically extract requirements captured in Microsoft Word files while using domain knowledge. In a subsequent step, these requirements are enhanced for implementation purposes and ultimately saved to ReqIF, an XML-based file format for the exchange of specification documents. ReqIF can be processed by a wide range of industry-standard requirements management tools. By way of this enhancement a formalization of both the document structure and selected elements of its natural language contents is achieved. In its current version, the software was specifically developed for processing the Subset-026, a conceptually demanding specification document covering the core functionality of the pan-European train protection system ETCS. Despite this initial focus, the two-part design of this thesis facilitates a generic applicability of its findings: Section 2 presents the fundamental challenges of weakly structured specification documents and devotes a large part to the computation of unique, but human-readable requirement identifiers. Section 3, however, delves into more domain-specific features, the text processing capabilities, and the actual implementation of this novel software. Due to the open-source nature of the application, an adaption to other use-cases can be achieved with comparably little effortDiese Arbeit befasst sich mit einer Software zur automatisierten Extraktion von Anforderungen aus Dokumenten im Microsoft Word Format unter Nutzung von Domänenwissen. In einem nachgelagerten Schritt werden diese Anforderungen für Implementierungszwecke aufgewertet und schließlich als ReqIF, einem XML-basierten Dateiformat zum Austausch von Spezifikationsdokumenten, gespeichert. ReqIF wird von zahlreichen branchenüblichen Anforderungsmanagementwerkzeugen unterstützt. Durch die Aufwertung wird eine Formalisierung der Struktur sowie ausgewählter Teile der natürlichsprachlichen Inhalte des Dokuments erreicht. Die jetzige Version der Software wurde speziell für die Verarbeitung des Subset-026 entwickelt, eines konzeptionell anspruchsvollen Anforderungsdokuments zur Beschreibung der Kernfunktionalität des europaweiten Zugsicherungssystems ETCS. Trotz dieser ursprünglichen Intention erlaubt die zweigeteilte Gestaltung der Arbeit eine allgemeine Anwendung der Ergebnisse: Abschnitt 2 zeigt die grundsätzlichen Herausforderungen in Bezug auf schwach strukturierte Anforderungsdokumente auf und widmet sich dabei ausführlich der Ermittlung von eindeutigen, aber dennoch menschenlesbaren Anforderungsidentifikatoren. Abschnitt 3 befasst sich hingegen eingehender mit den domänenspezifischen Eigenschaften, den Textaufbereitungsmöglichkeiten und der konkreten Implementierung der neuen Software. Da die Software unter open-source Prinzipien entwickelt wurde, ist eine Anpassung an andere Anwendungsfälle mit relativ geringem Aufwand möglich
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Lleras, Vanessa. "Modélisation, analyse et simulation de problèmes de contact en mécanique des solides et des fluides." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442074.
Full textAbstract:
La modélisation des problèmes de contact pose de sérieuses difficultés qu'elles soient conceptuelles, mathématiques ou informatiques. Motivés par le rôle fondamental que jouent les phénomènes de contact, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation, l'analyse et la simulation de problèmes de contact intervenant en mécanique des solides et des fluides. Dans une première partie théorique, on étudie le comportement asymptotique de solutions de problèmes variationnels dépendant du temps issus de la mécanique du contact frottant. La deuxième partie est consacrée au contrôle de la qualité des calculs en mécanique des solides. Guidés par la recherche de la formulation et l'étude du contact dans la méthode des éléments finis étendus (XFEM), nous étudions notamment les estimateurs d'erreur par résidu pour la méthode XFEM dans le cas linéaire, ceux pour le problème de contact unilatéral avec frottement de Coulomb approchés par une méthode d'éléments finis standard et l'extension au cas de méthodes mixtes stabilisées (i.e., ne nécessitant pas de condition inf-sup). Cette partie s'achève par la définition du problème de contact avec XFEM suivie d'une estimation a priori de l'erreur. La troisième partie concerne la simulation numérique en mécanique des fluides, plus précisément du problème de contact de la dynamique des globules rouges évoluant dans un fluide régi par les équations de Navier-Stokes en dimension deux.
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Létienne, Philippe. "La cession d’entreprises en difficulté." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2032/document.
Full textAbstract:
La cession est une technique de redressement d’une entreprise, comparable à un "Janus bifrons" (deux profils) à maints égards, et pour ce faire, la ligne directrice du législateur a été de dissocier l’homme de l’entreprise. Elle suit un cheminement chronologique.La phase préparatoire repose sur l'engagement d’un candidat repreneur, pris en toute connaissance des risques. Si l’offrant parvient à s’exonérer de la réalisation d’un contrat préalable – pourtant conseillé – comme un contrat de location ou de gestion, s’ensuit alors une phase judiciaire. Celle-ci ne peut pas être éludée car les offres de reprise sont enserrées dans des conditions temporelles, formelles strictes et les voies de recours dédiées sont plus que limitées. Les risques d’une inapplicabilité du droit commun des contrats ou d’une concurrence par une réinstallation du débiteur sont réels, ce qui impose la mise en place de garde-fous pour anticiper les contentieux.A l’issue de ce processus judiciaire, le regard du repreneur se tourne vers un résultat fructueux ou infructueux. En cas de succès, il y a un transfert variable de propriété et des contrats, selon les engagements pris et l'échéancier du prix de cession. A cet effet, la poursuite des contrats en cours obéit à un régime classique ou dérogatoire de transfert. A contrario, l’insuccès déclenche une décourageante responsabilisation du repreneur pouvant être contrebalancée sous certaines conditions par un désengagement de ce dernier et/ou une modification salutaire des objectifs et des moyens fixés. L’échec produit une regrettable résolution du plan de cession, eu égard à l'impact humain et financier que cela représenteTransfer is a business recovery technique, comparable to "Janus Bifrons" (two profiles) in many respects, and to do this the legislator’s guideline has been to separate man from company. It follows a time path.The preparation phase rests on the undertaking by a transferee candidate, made in full knowledge of the risks. If the bidder succeeds in being exonerated from signing a prior contract – recommended, however – such as a hire or management contract, there is then a legal phase. This cannot be avoided as takeover bids are subject to strictly formal time conditions and the dedicated appeal procedures are more than limited. The risks from the inapplicability of the common law of contracts or from competition by a fresh start up by the debtor are real, requiring the implementation of safeguards to anticipate the disputes.At the end of this legal process, the transferee’s view turns to a fruitful or unfruitful result. If successful, there is a variable transfer of ownership and contracts, in accordance with the undertakings made and the transfer price payment schedule. To this end, the continuation of current contracts follows a classic or exceptional transfer regime. Conversely, a lack of success triggers a discouraging accountability on the part of the transferee, but that might be counterbalanced under certain conditions by a withdrawal made by the latter and/or by an advantageous modification of the objectives and methods set. Failure results in the regrettable cancellation of the transfer plan, in view of the human and financial impact that this represents
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Hajjar, Marwa. "L' intuitus personae dans les sociétés de capitaux." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020070.
Full textAbstract:
Les sociétés sont traditionnellement classées en sociétés de personnes et sociétés de capitaux. L’intuitus personae constitue le fondement sur lequel repose cette distinction. Fort présent dans les sociétés de personnes, l’intuitus personae serait, en théorie, absent dans les sociétés de capitaux. Toutefois, cette distinction classique ne correspond plus, aujourd’hui, à la réalité. Nous assistons, en effet, à la résurgence de la considération de la personne dans les sociétés de capitaux à travers le développement de techniques contractuelles dont le but est de contrôler l’accès à ces sociétés. Ce mouvement de personnalisation a été renforcé par le législateur, d’abord, par la création de la société par actions simplifiée, mais aussi par la reconnaissance, dans les sociétés cotées, de la notion de concert ou encore d’un droit de sortie au profit des actionnaires minoritaires. La consécration de la validité de l’exclusion, qu’elle soit conventionnelle ou le résultat d’un mécanisme spécifique du droit des sociétés comme le retrait obligatoire ou le coup d’accordéon, participe également de ce phénomène. Cette présence a des conséquences majeures sur le fonctionnement de ces sociétés, mais aussi sur le droit des sociétés en général. En effet, d’une part, la reconnaissance de la primauté des relations entre actionnaires sur les capitaux offre une nouvelle perspective de la notion d’affectio societatis et du principe majoritaire. Et d’autre part, la mise en oeuvre de l’intuitus personae dans des sociétés dans lesquelles il est censé être absent affecte la cohérence même du droit des sociétés en anéantissant la summa divisio sur laquelle ce droit est bâti et en dénaturant le choix du pluralisme juridique, fait de longue date par le législateur français, qui commande en présence d’une pluralité de structures offertes aux opérateurs, une distinction de chacune d’elles reposant sur des critères précis et invariablesCompanies are traditionally classified into partnerships and joint stock companies. Intuitus personae is the basis for this distinction. Clearly present in partnership companies, intuitus personae is, in theory, absent in joint stock companies. However, this traditional distinction does not correspond today to reality. We are, in fact, witnessing a resurgence of the consideration of the individual in joint stock companies by means of contractual techniques whose aim is to control access to these companies. This resurgence has been further strengthened by the legislator, first by the creation of the status of simplified stock company and also by the recognition in listed companies of the existence of concerted action and a right to voluntary withdrawal benefiting minority stockholders. The admission of the validity of exclusion, either conventional or resulting from mechanisms specific to company law such as a squeeze out or even an “accordion squeeze”, add to the growth of this phenomenon. This presence of intuitus personae has major implications on the functioning of joint stock companies and on company law, in general. Indeed, on the one hand, the primacy of shareholder relationships over capital offers a new perspective of the notion of affectio societatis and the principle of majority rule. On the other hand, the introduction of intuitus personae into companies where this concept should have been absent affects the coherence of company law by destroying the summa divisio basis on which this law is founded and by distorting the legal pluralism long ago adopted by the French legislator which, in the presence of diverse legal structures, necessitates a distinction amongst them based on precise and invariable criteria
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Yocom, Bryan Alan. "Bayesian passive sonar tracking in the context of active-passive data fusion." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-08-278.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the improvements that can be made to Bayesian passive sonar tracking in the context of active-passive sonar data fusion. Performance improvements are achieved by exploiting the prior information available within a typical Bayesian data fusion framework. The algorithms developed are tested against both simulated data and data measured during the SEABAR 07 sea trial. Results show that the proposed approaches achieve improved detection, decreased estimation error, and the ability to track quiet targets in the presence of loud interferers.text
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Yeh, Shu-ming, and 葉紓銘. "The Influences of Prior Attitude, Brand Personality and Situational Context on the Image—Evidence on Second-Order Conditioning." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43236709247686874074.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
管理學院碩士班
97
According to the past literature, the brand personality can not only represent someone''s personality, but also change the images. Besides the brand personality, the past research pointed out that the situational context has an impact on the image. However, in our daily life, most of things and people are familiar to us, and we have certain attitude toward them. The prior attitude affects the images. The study used a 2 X 2 X 2 experimental design to investigate the impact of prior attitude (high excitement 卅low excitement), brand personality (high excitement 卅low excitement) and situational context (high excitement 卅low excitement) on the image. The results showed that the prior attitude, brand personality and situational context all have a significant main effect on the perceived excitement image. Prior attitude and brand personality have a significant interaction on the perceived excitement image. The consistency between prior attitude and brand personality would enhance the brand owner''s image of perceived excitement. The brand personality and situational context also have a significant interaction on the perceived excitement image. When the brand personality and situational context are consistent, the brand owner''s the perceived excitement image is stronger than when they are inconsistent. However, the prior attitude and situational context haven''t a significant interaction on the perceived excitement image. In addition, the prior attitude, brand personality and situational context have a significant interaction on the perceived excitement image.
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Chang, Yung-Yu, and 張詠渝. "A Comprehensive Investigation of the Impacts of Prior Knowledge on Assessing and Being Assessed in the Context of Peer Assessment." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ettjh3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
網路學習科技研究所
107
Peer assessment has been widely used in teaching and learning for recent years. Many studies have suggested that peer assessment can bring benefits to student learning, e.g., the increase of learning motivation and the higher-order thinking ability. However, each individual has different background, needs and learning preferences. Thus, it is doubtful whether peer assessment can be suitable to each learner. To this end, there is a need to consider individual differences. Among various individual differences, this study focuses on prior knowledge, which refer to the way of learners organizing and processing information. Some scholars have found that prior knowledge play a key role in the learning process. However, paucity of research examined the impacts of prior knowledge on assessment scores, learning perceptions and learning achievements in the context of peer assessment. To fill this gap, this study aimed to address this issue. To achieve comprehensive understandings, this study examined eight research questions, i.e., (a) How the levels of prior knowledge affects the scores that learners obtain during the process of peer assessment; (b) How the levels of prior knowledge affects the scores that learners marks during the process of peer assessment; (c) How the levels of prior knowledge affects assessment differences between learners and teachers during the process of peer assessment; (d) How the levels of prior knowledge affects correlations between learners’ assessment and others; (e) How the levels of prior knowledge affects learners’ learning perceptions during the process of peer assessment; (f) How the levels of prior knowledge affects the correlation between learners’ learning perceptions and the dimension of teaching activities; (g) How the levels of prior knowledge affects learners’ learning achievements during the process of peer assessment; (h) How the levels of prior knowledge affects the correlation between learners’ learning achievements and the scores obtained from the assessment. The study was conducted for the ninth grade students (N=38). According to the average scores of the 7th grade monthly test, the students were divided into high-prior knowledge students (N=21) and low-prior knowledge students (N=17). The experiment lasted for four weeks, and in total it took 540 minutes. In the first and second weeks, traditional teaching was undertaken and students reviewed relevant learning units. Before and after the traditional teaching, students had to take the pre-testing and the middle–testing, respectively. In the third week, students made a video and the students with the same knowledge were assigned as a group to make a video together. In the fourth week, the students and teacher did the assessment separately for the videos of each group made in the third week. Finally, the students were asked to take the post-tests and fill out a questionnaire. The results of this study showed that learners with different levels of prior knowledge obtained different scores, made different assessment, and showed different learning perceptions and learning achievements during the process of peer assessment. Regarding the scores that they obtained, the high-prior knowledge learners were more likely to get higher scores because they were good at developing their own information processing structure, and the thinking logic is more organized. On the contrary, the low-prior knowledge learners have poor understandings of the course content. Accordingly, it was easy for them to provide the wrong learning content, so the scores obtained were lower. Regarding the assessment difference, the high-prior knowledge learners have more detailed assessment on the internal features of the videos so their assessment are more in line with the theme. On the contrary, the low-prior knowledge learners tended to ignore the wrong content in the videos so that they gave a higher score. On the other hand, the high-prior knowledge learners and the low-prior knowledge learners have similar learning perceptions in peer assessment. The high-prior knowledge learners are prone to pursue better performance and produce positive behavioral performance; on the contrary, the low-prior knowledge learners are susceptible to changes in external learning styles to improve learning motivation. The above-mentioned learning perception may be one of the factors that enables all students to actively participate in the curriculum. This helps students gain knowledge so that both high-prior knowledge learners and low-prior knowledge learners can make learning achievements in courses. However, the average performance of high-prior knowledge learners was slightly higher than that of low-prior learners, and this may be due to the difference in the provision of homogenous groupings. The high-prior knowledge learners interact with people with a similar level of prior knowledge could easily trigger learning in the near-development area; on the contrary, low-prior knowledge learners could not obtain sufficient scaffolding from people with a similar level of prior knowledge. The above results showed that peer assessment could motivate both high-prior knowledge learners and low-prior knowledge learners. In other words, peer assessment is effective for learners with different levels of prior knowledge. The results of this study can provide deep understandings of how to establish peer assessment that can accommodate the needs of learners with different levels of prior knowledge. Moreover, these findings can guide designers, researchers, textbook designers and students on how to develop appropriate learning courses that meet the needs of everyone so that the goal of establishing a personalized learning system can be achieved. By doing so, the development of peer assessment can be promoted in the future.
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Holden, Trudy Georgene. "Relationships among learning styles, metacognition, prior knowledge, attitude, and science achievement of grade 6 and 7 students in a guided inquiry explicit strategy instruction context." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6332.
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Lategan, Irene Anne Stewart. "Guidelines for the teaching of reading in the intermediate phase within the context of inclusion." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17172.
Full textAbstract:
As theories on the process of reading have advanced so definitional changes have
resulted. This in turn has impacted on the teaching of reading. Comprehension is not
the result of successful word recognition, rather, meaning is constructed by the reader
using various sources as a frame of reference. Reading requires an interaction between
the reader, the text read and the context in vvhich it is read. Reader factors involve
language competencies, prior knowledge, vocabulary, the use of strategies and
attitudes and motivation. The text may be narrative or expository and encompasses
instructional materials. The tvvo broad categories in the context are the classroom
setting and the instructional context.
An 'interactive' or 'organisational' paradigm underlying inclusion recognises individual
differences as being a probable cause of failure but postulates that the school and all
that it encompasses, can be a barrier to learning and development. As such it is not
deficit driven, attributing failure to learners alone. In the case of reading, this means not
attributing reading failure to the reader alone but acknowledging the role of the text and
the context. This point of departure is confirmed by an interactive model of disability,
which, while still explaining reading deficits, advances that alternative areas also be
investigated. Focusing on abilities is conducive to proactivity in the prevention of
barriers to learning and development.
To be inclusive therefore, mainstream schools generally and classrooms specifically, will
need to be reformed and restructured to be more responsive to learners experiencing
barriers to learning and development. This will require enhanced teaching methods and
flexible support systems. Accommodating diversity presupposes the acknowledgement
of each learner's uniqueness in order to meet individual needs. This will be facilitated
when in the compilation of a reading programme to meet individual needs, the reader,
the text and context are matched through assessment and instruction .
A reading programme to enhance the teaching of reading and thereby meet individual
needs has been compiled and implemented in a mainstream, intermediate phase class.
From this practical experience and the literature studied, guidelines for the teaching of
reading have been formulated for teachers in the intermediate phase to use within the
context of inclusion.Educational Studies
D. Ed. (Orthopedagogics)
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陳孟馨. "Do Different Prior Contest Experiences Interference with Each Other?" Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63056056252576862465.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
生命科學研究所
96
Considerable evidence indicates that experience in prior contests influences how individuals interact with each other in subsequent contests: a previous loss causes an individual to behave more submissively, while a previous win causes an individual to behave more aggressively. These experience effects are thought to be caused by individuals altering their estimated fighting ability and costs of fighting after wins and losses. The value of information from past experiences should be affected by the reliability of the information, which could decrease with the passage of time (time-driven decay) or with the occurrence of new events (event-driven decay). Although the time-driven decay of experience effects on contest behavior has been studied, the event-driven decay has never been addressed. Using Kryptolebias marmoratus as the study animal, I tested whether a new experience causes the effect of a previous losing experience to decay. I gave each individual two experiences and staged 2 different types of contests: LL-NL (LL individuals fighting against NL individuals) and LN-NN. If the second losing experience causes the effect of the first losing experience to decay, I would expect the LL individuals in the LL-NL contests to be more aggressive and win more contests against their opponents than the LN individuals in the LN-NN contests. A total of 195 LL-NL and 194 LN-NN contests were staged and LL individuals (in LL_NL contests) won significant more contests than the LN individuals (in LN_NN contests). This result suggests that the two losing experiences of the LL individuals interfere with each other such that the effect of the LL treatment appears to be smaller than the summed effect of a penultimate and a recent losing experience. Nonetheless, this interference effect was only observed in contests between contestants that had lost their last fight (more than a month ago) before being used for this experiment. The results also showed that there are loser effects in the LL_NL and LN_NN contests. The duration of LL_NL contests was shorter than that of LN_NN contests. Escalation rate was lower in LL_NL contests than in LN_NN contests. Besides, probability of early retreat in LL_NL contests was higher than in LN_NN contests. Individuals with more recent losing experiences tended to behave more submissively and retreat sooner.
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Wu, Wanchi, and 吳婉綺. "Does Prior Record Matter In the Information Content Of Planned Insider Selling Announcements?" Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00660454567266838084.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
財務金融學系
100
Given the information advantage enjoyed by insiders over other market participants, insider trading activities provide useful signals for firm valuation. As the Securities and Exchange Act (Articles 22-2 and 25) in Taiwan requires that insiders who want to sell their stock holdings on the open market must file their planned selling trades with the regulatory authority in advance, insider selling is regarded as one of the most direct signals conveying private information to the market. However, insiders are not necessitated to fulfill their planned sales ex post by regulation. Under this regulatory environment, planned insider selling announcements are not always fulfilled by the follow-up actions. In this circumstance, the information effect of planned insider selling announcements thus still appears to be an open question. Consequently, this study investigates the influence of prior record on the information content of subsequent planned insider selling announcements. The empirical results indicate that prior record negatively affects the market response to subsequent planned insider selling announcements. Moreover, subsequent planned insider selling announcements with prior record of partially and completely fulfilled insider sales, completely fulfilled insider sales, or a higher level of execution in insider sales entail a stronger negative market response when compared with those having prior record of completely unfulfilled insider sales, partially and completely unfulfilled insider sales, or a lower level of execution in insider sales.
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Bulu, Saniye Tugba. "Scaffolding middle school students' content knowledge and ill-structured problem solving in a problem-based hypermedia learning environment." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2739.
Full textAbstract:
This study focused on two areas under the overarching theme of the effects of
domain-general and domain-specific scaffolds with different levels of support,
continuous or faded. First, the study investigated the effects of scaffolds on learning of
scientific content and problem-solving outcomes. Second, the study examined whether
students’ prior knowledge and meta cognitive skills predict their success in problem
solving across different scaffolding conditions.
A total of nineteen classes were randomly assigned to one of the four scaffolding
conditions: domain-general continuous (DG-C), domain-general faded (DG-F), domain specific
continuous (DS-C), and domain-specific faded (DS-F). Each class had access to
different worksheets depending on the scaffolding condition they had been assigned. All
students engaged in four problem-solving activities for thirteen class periods. Students’
scores on a multiple-choice pretest, post test, inventory of meta cognitive self-regulation,
and four recommendation forms were analyzed. Results of the study revealed that students’ content knowledge in all conditions
significantly increased over the thirteen class periods. However, the continuous domain specific
condition outperformed the other conditions on the post test. Although domain general
scaffolds were not as effective as domain-specific scaffolds on learning of
scientific content and problem representation, they helped students develop solutions,
make strong justifications, and monitor their learning. Unlike domain-specific scaffolds,
domain-general scaffolds helped students transfer problem-solving skills even when they
were faded. In terms of individual differences, results indicated that while students with
lower prior knowledge and lower meta cognitive skills benefited from the domain general
continuous condition, students with lower regulation of cognition benefited from
the domain-general faded condition. Moreover, while students with lower prior
knowledge, lower knowledge of cognition, and lower problem representation benefited
from the domain-specific continuous condition, students with lower problem
representation benefited from the domain-specific faded condition. In contrast, results of
the study suggested that scaffolds did not substantially benefit the students with higher
prior knowledge and higher meta cognitive skills. Several suggestions are discussed for
making further improvements in the design of scaffolds in order to facilitate ill-structured
problem solving in hypermedia learning environments.
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Gomes, Andreia. "Segmentação de Mercado a Priori: Uma Aplicação no Contexto Turístico." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11110/659.
Full textAbstract:
Nas ultimas décadas, dada a grande importância estratégica atribuída ao turismo, quer a nível internacional quer a nível nacional, fez com que este se traduzisse nem dos sectores mais importantes da economia mundial. Neste sentido, torna-se prioritário configurar a oferta turística com base no estudo das necessidades e preferências dos consumidores, orientando por forte enfoque de Marketing na gestão dos recurso turísticos. Deste modo, conhecer as preferenciais dos consumidores-turistas desempenha um papel-chave na gestão estratégica da oferta turística. Em consequência, torna-se pertinente abordar a segmentação de mercados, desde as duas principais perspectivas: a segmentação clássica- com base em variáveis sociodemográficas- e a segmentação a posteriori ou optimizada- com base nas preferências dos consumidores. Portanto, o principal objectivo do presente estudo insere-se na analise das preferências dos consumidores para desenvolver um processo de segmentação, recorrendo a uma metodologia multivariada, concretamente, a Analise Conjunta. Os resultados obtidos permitem constatar que os jovens turistas portugueses atribuem maior importância ao Clima e ao Preço no momento de adquirir um produto turístico. Seguidamente os mais relevantes são a Duração da Viagem, a Oferta Cultural, o Tipo de Destino e Ócio e inversão Nocturna. A nível mais especifico,através de uma segmentação a priori, e com base na variável sexo, verifica-se que os indivíduos de sexo masculino apresentam uma menor importância relativamente ao atributo Oferta Cultural contrariamente aos indivíduos de sexo feminino. Por outro lado, no que respeita ao atributo Ócio e Diversão Nocturna verifica-se que este apresenta uma maior importância para os indivíduos do sexo masculino. Por fim, com base na variável faixa etária verifica-se que é o atributo Ócio e Diversão Nocturna que apresenta maior divergência, entre os vários grupos de idades apresentados.
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Yu, Miao-Fen, and 余妙芬. "The Influence of Text Content and Readers' Prior Knowledge on Text Comprehension of Schoolchildren in the 6th Grade." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56404509987384853761.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立高雄師範大學
教育學系
104
The purpose of this study is (a) to show the text comprehension of schoolchildren after reading text contradiction and incorrect text content, and (b) to explain how the text content and readers’ prior knowledge influence on text comprehension of schoolchildren in the sixth grade. This study employed mixed method, which two experiments and interview were involved in, to obtain an in-depth understanding of readers’ text comprehension by examining the performance of schoolchildren in the areas of Kaohsiung City. Two hundred and six schoolchildren participated in Experiment 1 and received “text contraction test” designed by this study, which 18 volunteers received interview two weeks after testing. One hundred and ninety-six schoolchildren engaged in Experiment 2 and received “animals prior knowledge test” and the test of “incorrect text content reading comprehension” designed by this study, which 20 of them received interview two weeks after testing. This study tested five research hypotheses by implementing statistical analyses, including t-test, two way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA. The results of this study revealed the following findings: 1.Overall, schoolchildren performed better in the “text contradiction test” than others did in the “incorrect text content test”. 2.The high- comprehension schoolchildren performed better in the “main point inconsistency” and “detail inconsistency” than those who in the low- comprehension. 3.The high- comprehension schoolchildren performed better in the “incorrect detail” and “incorrect detail and conclusion” than those who in the low- comprehension. 4.The schoolchildren performed better in the “ true statement” and “incorrect conclusion” than that in the “incorrect detail” and “incorrect detail and conclusion”. 5.The active readers and passive reader can be identified by examining the performance of reading “main point inconsistency” and “detail inconsistency”. 6.Three readers’ characteristics were identified in the “incorrect text content”, even though most schoolchildren have different characteristics in the reading comprehension. 7.The schoolchildren could sort out the different text contradiction and incorrect text content by using their prior knowledge and related resources. In conclusion, this study provides workable suggestions based on findings, which could be as reference of further research for educational authority and researchers.
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"Children of Incarcerated Parents: The Family Characteristics Associated with Child Welfare Contact Prior to Parental Incarceration." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.26842.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Much of the current literature regarding the well being of children of incarcerated
parents has focused largely on the trauma that results from losing a parent to incarceration. Little research has been dedicated to examining the pre-existing trauma and negative life experiences these children are exposed to prior to parental incarceration. Using cross-sectional data on children (N = 1,221) from a representative study of Arizona Department of Corrections inmates, the present study examines the relationships among children who have contact with Child Protective Services (CPS) prior to parental incarceration and: (1) parental substance abuse, (2) exposure to violence and (3) parental mental illness. Nearly a quarter of all children whose inmate parents were interviewed were contacted by CPS before experiencing parental incarceration. Children whose inmate parents reported being unemployed or less involved in the lives of their children and children who were reportedly exposed to violence were significantly more likely to have been contacted by CPS prior to experiencing parental incarceration as were younger children. The children of incarcerated mothers were more likely to have been contacted by CPS than were the children of incarcerated fathers. This effect remained even after controlling for additional parent, child and family risk factors for CPS contact such as prior history of incarceration and race.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2014
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Roberson, James Harold. "Elementary and secondary science teachers negotiation of controversial science content: The relationships among prior conception appropriation, thinking disposition, and learning about geologic time." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1018.
Full textAbstract:
A major component of the values people place on science and their attitude toward it is their openness to new ideas or overall open-mindedness. An individual’s values and attitudes become integrally connected to their prior knowledge and conceptions regarding science and science content. Sometimes the nature of a natural phenomenon and the scientific explanation for the phenomenon is controversial. A controversial scientific concept is one that evokes emotion and forces individuals to assess the values associated with this content and make assessments of their attitudes toward it. This is especially true during learning. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence on how prior knowledge and existing conceptions are related to open-mindedness when learning science content that is regarded as controversial. The participants for this study consisted of 7 elementary science teachers and 8 secondary science teachers. Data collected for the study included the determination of how individuals assessed and used their prior/existing conceptions when learning controversial science content based on individual interviews, an individual’s level of open-mindedness as measured by the Actively Open-minded Thinking scale (AOT) and determined through the interviews, and the assessment of the change in an individual’s level of knowledge regarding geologic time as measured by the Geoscience Concept Inventory (GCI). The investigation consisted of multiple case studies analyzed within cases and across cases. The teachers’ use of their prior conceptions was determined through the coding of interviews based on the four appropriation modes of Integration, Differentiation, Exchange, and Bridging. Results from the interview data showed that 53% of the teachers differentiated their existing conceptions from new geologic time conceptions, while 47% integrated new conceptions with their prior conceptions. In addition, 40% of the teachers exhibited a bimodal appropriation of their existing conceptions. Bridging and exchange were the secondary appropriation modes observed among bimodal appropriators. No relationships were found between the teachers’ thinking disposition (open-mindedness) and their level of geologic time knowledge, nor where there any relationships found between the teachers’ prior conception appropriation and their geologic time knowledge or their appropriation and thinking disposition.
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Camerino, Nester H. "Effect of prior warm rolling on the retained austenite content and hardening response of (VIM-VAR)--AISI M-50 steel." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21293.
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Chang, Chia-Min, and 張嘉閔. "The Effects of Content Organization of A Digital Exhibition and Students’ Prior Knowledge on the Learning Outcomes of Junior High School Students." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89q37x.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北藝術大學
博物館研究所碩士班
99
The objective of this study is to examine the effects of content organization of a digital exhibition and students’ prior knowledge on the learning outcomes of junior high school students. The digital exhibition used in this study was developed based on the Dinosaur gallery at the National Museum of Natural Science and was organized in two different ways: (1) a linear step-by-step content organization in which content was presented according to a pre-determined sequence and the user had to follow this arrangement from the beginning to the end; and (2) a non-linear or hyperlink content organization in which the a link was provided in each section and user can link freely to different topics as wish. In June 2011, 104 junior high school students from the Chung-Ming High School were invited to participate in this pre- and post-test study. A twenty-question questionnaire was administered to each student. The score of this evaluation was used as pre-test score and to determine students’ prior knowledge which was classified into high and low levels. Students from each prior knowledge level were later asked to logon to a dedicated websites for the digital exhibition and was randomly assigned to one of the two different content organizations and complete the online materials. A post-test score was obtained after completing the task. Data analysis revealed that the two different content organizations had no effect on the student’s learning outcomes as determined by the change of pre- and post-test scores. However, students using the linear content organization showed a higher post-test score improvement than students adopting the hyperlink content organization. In addition, student’s prior knowledge had an effect on post-test score with the scale of improvement from students of low prior knowledge higher than students with high prior knowledge. Finally, some recommendations for future digital exhibition development were suggested and issues related to physical exhibition was also discussed.
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Katsumata, Yuriko. "The development and empirical substantiation of Japanese pedagogical materials based on kabuki." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11762.
Full textAbstract:
Many researchers (e.g., Nation, 2001, 2015; Schmitt, 2000) have recognized the importance of vocabulary learning in second language (L2) or additional language (AL) acquisition. The strong effects of lexical and background knowledge on L2reading comprehension have similarly been found in various studies (e.g., Hu & Nation, 2000; Rokni & Hajilari, 2013). In the case of Japanese language, the opportunities for acquiring the lexical and background knowledge associated with Japanese history and culture, especially traditional culture, are scant, because only a small number of Japanese pedagogical materials deal minimally with these topics. Meanwhile, many learners are motivated to study Japanese because of their interest in Japanese history and culture, according to a survey conducted by the Japan Foundation in 2012.
This project aimed to increase the opportunities for learning Japanese history and traditional culture through the development of new pedagogical materials based on kabuki, and then the empirical evaluation of the developed pedagogical materials. Nine Chinese-as-a-first-language Japanese learners at the upper-intermediate level participated in the nine-week online course, including the pre- and post-course tests in the first and last weeks. Employing a multi-method research approach, the study examined the changes in learners’ lexical and background knowledge related to Japanese history and culture, their reading comprehension, and their interest in kabuki. Four kinds of multiple-choice tests were administered to collect the quantitative data. In addition, the qualitative data were gathered through the pre- and post-course questionnaires and post-course individual interviews.
Overall, the findings indicated that almost all participants increased their background knowledge of kabuki, as well as their vocabulary related to kabuki and general theatrical performances. The results in other areas, such as historical vocabulary, vocabulary depth, reading comprehension, and historical background knowledge were mixed. Further, concerning the depth of vocabulary knowledge, it was found that the learning of vocabulary depth was more difficult than learning of vocabulary breadth. Likewise, the knowledge of use, such as collocations and register constraints, was found to be more difficult to learn than other aspects of vocabulary depth. The participants’ reports in the post-course questionnaire and individual interviews showed that most participants seemed to have increased their interest in kabuki. Overall, the first-of-their-kind developed pedagogical materials contributed to the development of lexical and background knowledge, specifically knowledge associated with Japanese traditional culture and history. This study may provide a model for an evidence-based approach to the development of pedagogical materials that practitioners can adopt or adapt.Graduate