Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prion conversion

Academic literature on the topic 'Prion conversion'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Prion conversion"

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Jones, Rachel. "Blocking prion conversion." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2, no. 9 (September 2001): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35090100.

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Zhou, Z., and G. Xiao. "Conformational conversion of prion protein in prion diseases." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 45, no. 6 (April 11, 2013): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmt027.

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Hara, Hideyuki, and Suehiro Sakaguchi. "Virus Infection, Genetic Mutations, and Prion Infection in Prion Protein Conversion." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 12439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212439.

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Conformational conversion of the cellular isoform of prion protein, PrPC, into the abnormally folded, amyloidogenic isoform, PrPSc, is an underlying pathogenic mechanism in prion diseases. The diseases manifest as sporadic, hereditary, and acquired disorders. Etiological mechanisms driving the conversion of PrPC into PrPSc are unknown in sporadic prion diseases, while prion infection and specific mutations in the PrP gene are known to cause the conversion of PrPC into PrPSc in acquired and hereditary prion diseases, respectively. We recently reported that a neurotropic strain of influenza A virus (IAV) induced the conversion of PrPC into PrPSc as well as formation of infectious prions in mouse neuroblastoma cells after infection, suggesting the causative role of the neuronal infection of IAV in sporadic prion diseases. Here, we discuss the conversion mechanism of PrPC into PrPSc in different types of prion diseases, by presenting our findings of the IAV infection-induced conversion of PrPC into PrPSc and by reviewing the so far reported transgenic animal models of hereditary prion diseases and the reverse genetic studies, which have revealed the structure-function relationship for PrPC to convert into PrPSc after prion infection.
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Rigter, Alan, Jan Priem, Drophatie Timmers-Parohi, Jan PM Langeveld, Fred G. van Zijderveld, and Alex Bossers. "Prion protein self-peptides modulate prion interactions and conversion." BMC Biochemistry 10, no. 1 (2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-10-29.

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Shen, Liang, and Hong-Fang Ji. "Conformational conversion and prion disease." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 12, no. 4 (March 23, 2011): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm3007-c1.

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Supattapone, Surachai. "Prion protein conversion in vitro." Journal of Molecular Medicine 82, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-004-0534-3.

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Deleault, Nathan R., Ralf W. Lucassen, and Surachai Supattapone. "RNA molecules stimulate prion protein conversion." Nature 425, no. 6959 (October 2003): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01979.

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Apostol, Marcin I., and Witold K. Surewicz. "Structural Underpinnings of Prion Protein Conversion." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 21 (May 20, 2011): le7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.l110.213926.

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Kang, Hae-Eun, Youngwon Mo, Raihah Abd Rahim, Hye-Mi Lee, and Chongsuk Ryou. "Prion Diagnosis: Application of Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5413936.

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Prions composed of pathogenic scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) are infectious pathogens that cause progressive neurological conditions known as prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Although these diseases pose considerable risk to public health, procedures for early diagnosis have not been established. One of the most recent attempts at sensitive and specific detection of prions is the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) method, which measures the activity of PrPScaggregates or amyloid formation triggered by PrPScseeds in the presence of recombinant PrP. In this review, we summarize prions, prion diseases, and current approaches to diagnosis, including the principle, conditions for assay performance, and current diagnostic applications of RT-QuIC.
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Engelke, Anna D., Anika Gonsberg, Simrika Thapa, Sebastian Jung, Sarah Ulbrich, Ralf Seidel, Shaon Basu, et al. "Dimerization of the cellular prion protein inhibits propagation of scrapie prions." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 21 (April 10, 2018): 8020–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra117.000990.

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A central step in the pathogenesis of prion diseases is the conformational transition of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the scrapie isoform, denoted PrPSc. Studies in transgenic mice have indicated that this conversion requires a direct interaction between PrPC and PrPSc; however, insights into the underlying mechanisms are still missing. Interestingly, only a subfraction of PrPC is converted in scrapie-infected cells, suggesting that not all PrPC species are suitable substrates for the conversion. On the basis of the observation that PrPC can form homodimers under physiological conditions with the internal hydrophobic domain (HD) serving as a putative dimerization domain, we wondered whether PrP dimerization is involved in the formation of neurotoxic and/or infectious PrP conformers. Here, we analyzed the possible impact on dimerization of pathogenic mutations in the HD that induce a spontaneous neurodegenerative disease in transgenic mice. Similarly to wildtype (WT) PrPC, the neurotoxic variant PrP(AV3) formed homodimers as well as heterodimers with WTPrPC. Notably, forced PrP dimerization via an intermolecular disulfide bond did not interfere with its maturation and intracellular trafficking. Covalently linked PrP dimers were complex glycosylated, GPI-anchored, and sorted to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. However, forced PrPC dimerization completely blocked its conversion into PrPSc in chronically scrapie-infected mouse neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, PrPC dimers had a dominant-negative inhibition effect on the conversion of monomeric PrPC. Our findings suggest that PrPC monomers are the major substrates for PrPSc propagation and that it may be possible to halt prion formation by stabilizing PrPC dimers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prion conversion"

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Kirby, Louise. "In vitro conversion studies of the prion protein." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408319.

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Sanghera, Narinder. "The interaction of the prion protein with lipid membranes and implications for prion conversion." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247140.

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Milhavet, Ollivier. "Conversion de la protéine du prion : approches thérapeutiques et fonctionnelles." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20149.

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Les encephalopathies spongiformes transmissibles (est), encore appelees maladies a prions, sont un groupe d'affections neurodegeneratives dont les plus connues sont la maladie de creutzfeldt-jakob chez l'homme, et l'encephalopathie spongiforme bovine ou maladie de la vache folle chez l'animal. L'hypothese etiologique actuelle suggere que l'agent infectieux de ces affections est represente par une proteine appelee prp s c (pour forme scrapie de la proteine du prion). La prp s c correspond a une forme alteree d'une proteine normale appelee prp c (pour forme cellulaire de la proteine du prion) dont la fonction est a ce jour inconnue. Le passage de la prp c a la prp s c representait l'element essentiel du mecanisme pathogenique des est. Nos objectifs etaient d'etudier la conversion pathologique de la prp et ses consequences en culture cellulaire ainsi que les reponses therapeutiques envisageables. Ainsi, nous avons pu etudier le mecanisme d'action de l'amphotericine b et du rouge congo dans des modeles genetiques et infectieux des est en culture cellulaire. Par ailleurs, nous avons developpe une approche peptidique originale afin d'inhiber la conversion de la prp c en prp s c. Par la suite, notre travail nous a conduit a etudier le role de la prp et les consequences de sa conversion pathologique dans les mecanismes de defense contre le stress oxydant. Apres avoir montre que des cellules infectees par l'agent de la scrapie etaient plus sensibles au stress que des cellules temoins, nous avons poursuivi nos investigations sur une possible voie de transduction du signal impliquant la prp.
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Gupta, Vandana [Verfasser], and Christiane [Akademischer Betreuer] Ritter. "Infectious Prion Strain Directed Conformational Conversion of Recombinant PrP / Vandana Gupta ; Betreuer: Christiane Ritter." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1175821691/34.

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Graham, James Fionnlagh. "An investigation into the subcellular localisation of co-factors that stimulate prion protein conversion." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3649/.

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Laferrière, Florent. "Structure quaternaire de la protéine prion : infectiosité, capacité de conversion, et potentiel de transmission interspécifique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077021.

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Les prions sont les pathogènes responsables de désordres neurodégénératifs d'issue fatale chez l'homme et de nombreuses espèces de mammifères. Ces agents sont composés d'une forme mal repliée (PrPse) d'une protéine de l'hôte, la protéine prion (PrPc). Durant l'infection, la PrPc adopte une conformation identique à celle de la PrPs, conduisant à une accumulation d'agrégats de PrPsc dans le cerveau, responsables des désordres neurologiques. Différentes souches de prions peuvent être propagées chez une même espèce. Peu d'informations sont disponibles sur le rôle de l'agencement de la PrPsc sous forme d'agrégats (structure quaternaire) dans divers aspects des maladies à prions (phénotype, propagation, transmission. . . ). Par des méthodes d'ultracentrifugation, d'approches physico-chimiques, de titrages d'infectiosité, de mesure d'activité de conversion in vitro, et de modèles de souris transgéniques, nous avons montré i) que des particules présentant le plus fort titre infectieux et l'activité de conversion la plus élevée, spécifiquement retrouvées chez les souches de prions tuant rapidement l'hôte, sont de taille réduite, ii) que la réaction de conversion in vitro de la PrP (PMCA) produit préférentiellement de petits oligomères au très fort pouvoir d'amplification par des cycles d'agrégation / fragmentation, et iii) que la structure quaternaire de la PrPS ne semble pas être un déterminant majeur dans l'aptitude des prions à franchir des barrières d'espèces. La structure quaternaire de cette protéine tient donc un rôle prépondérant dans divers aspects de la dynamique de propagation des prions allant du processus de conversion au phénotype de souche
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that can affect human or many mammalian species. These infectious agents are composed of a misfolded state (PrPsc) of the endogenous form of the prion protein (PrP'). During the infection, PrPsc induces PrP' to convert into its pathological isoform, which forms aggregates in the brain causing the neurological disorders. Several prion strains are transmissible to a single host species. The implication of the aggregation state (quaternary structure) of PrPse in different aspects of prion diseases — phenotype, propagation, transmission. . . — is not well documented. Using ultracentrifugation methods, physicochemical approaches, infectivity assays, in vitro converting activity assays, and transgenic mouse models, we showed that : i) the most infectious and converting particles, specifically found in rapidly lethal priori strains, are actually of a small size, ii) that the in vitro conversion reaction of PrP (PMCA) mostly generates small particles which have a strong converting ability, via cycles of aggregation / fragmentation, and iii) that PrPsc quaternary structure does not seem to play a predominant role in prions potential to overcome species barriers. Ultimately, prion protein quaternary structure is strongly implicated in several aspects of prion propagation dynamics which goes from the conversion mechanisms to the disease phenotype
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Rabbanian, S. "Defining and understanding the conversion, propagation and trafficking of PrPsc in a prion infected cellular system." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317792/.

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Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with conformational conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) to an abnormal disease-associated conformer (PrPSc). The aim of this thesis was to investigate the earliest event in prion infection using a novel cell system. Specifically, it aimed to assess the timescale that PrPC is converted to PrPSc following exposure to RML prions and identify the initial cellular site of PrPSc formation and propagation. The cell biology of the initial events of cellular prion infection are poorly understood since newly formed cellular PrPSc is immunologically indistinguishable from infectious prions in the inocula. As a solution to this problem, an epitope-tag was inserted into the sequence of endogenous PrPC to delineate the formation of de novo PrPSc. A PrP-knock down neuroblastoma cell line was reconstituted with mouse 3F4-, FLAG- and MYC-tagged PrPC. Following identification of cells expressing physiological levels of tagged PrPC, prion-susceptibility was determined by exposure to disease-associated prions. Cells expressing 3F4-tagged PrP, the MYC sequence at position 224 and the FLAG sequence at position 22 or 30 contained PrP resistant to formic acid and proteinase K digestion. A mouse bioassay demonstrated that the PrP-224AlaMYC cell line produce bona-fide infectious epitope-tagged PrPSc on exposure to RML prions. Investigation of de novo tagged PrPSc propagation in this novel cell system demonstrated that cellular prion infection is a dynamic process occurring within one minute of prion exposure and that the plasma membrane is the primary site of prion conversion. It was demonstrated that the late endosomes, lysosomes and endosomal recycling compartments do not appear to be key sites of PrP conversion and prion propagation, whilst the plasma membrane and early endocytic compartments are involved in this key process. The work in this thesis provides new insights into the cell biology of the initial stages of prion conversion and propagation and has implications for neurodegenerative diseases where prion-like mechanisms have been proposed.
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Boerner, Susann. "Probing reaction conditions and cofactors of conformational prion protein changes underlying the autocatalytic self-propagation of different prion strains." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17003.

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Prionen sind das infektiöse Agens transmissibler spongiformer Enzephalopathien von Tieren und Menschen. Prionen bestehen hauptsächlich aus einer abnormal gefalteten und aggregierten Isoform des zellulären Prionproteins (PrP). Die Replikation von Prionen findet mutmaßlich durch keiminduzierte Polymerisation des Prionproteins statt. Es existieren verschiedene Prionstämme, die unterschiedliche Eigenschaften aufweisen, aber vom selben zellulären Prionprotein abstammen können. Neben PrP scheinen Kofaktormoleküle an der Prionreplikation beteiligt zu sein. Weiterhin wird angenommen, dass Kofaktoren bei der Definition von Stammeigenschaften beteiligt sind, sowie ein Einfluss auf die Infektiosität von Prionen besteht. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Auswirkungen verschiedener Kofaktoren auf die Replikation von vier Hamster-adaptierten Prionstämmen in vitro mittels der Methode der „Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification“ (PMCA) untersucht. Es wurden stammabhängige Unterschiede bezüglich der Anforderungen an die Replikationsbedingungen in der PMCA, sowie Kofaktor-Selektivitäten festgestellt. Der Einfluss von Kofaktoren wurde durch den Vergleich ausgewählter biologischer, biochemischer und biophysikalischer Eigenschaften von in vitro erzeugten PMCA Produkten (PrPres) mit denen nativer Prionkeime untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Kofaktoren Stammeigenschaften, wie die biologische Keimaktivität in primären Gliazellkulturen und biochemische Eigenschaften, wie die Migration in SDS-Gelen, beeinflussen können. Um festzustellen, ob unterschiedliche Kofaktorbedingungen während der PMCA messbare Veränderungen der Proteinkonformation hervorrufen, wurde PMCA generiertes PrPres mittels FT-IR Spektroskopie in einer Pilotstudie charakterisiert. Erste Befunde zeigten spektrale Unterschiede zwischen den Proteinkeimen und deren PMCA Produkten bei allen Stämmen, unabhängig von den Kofaktorbedingungen.
Prions are the causative agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals and humans such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Prions are thought to be composed essentially of a misfolded and aberrantly aggregated isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrP) and to replicate by seeded PrP polymerization. Prions may exist in the form of distinct strains that differ in their phenotypic characteristics although they are derived from the same cellular prion protein. Cofactor molecules other than PrP may be involved in prion replication and may be a determinant of strain properties. Furthermore, cofactors may also be required for conveying infectivity. The present study examined the effects of different cofactor molecules on the replication efficacy of four hamster adapted prion agents using the method of serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) as in vitro assay for PrP misfolding and aggregation. The study revealed strain dependent differences of PMCA conditions and cofactors required for efficient in vitro replication. The impact of cofactors was assessed by comparative analyses of selected biological, biochemical and biophysical properties of PMCA products (PrPres) and native prion seeds. The biological seeding activity as monitored in a primary hamster glial cell assay, and biochemical properties such as electrophoretic migration in SDS-gels, were affected differently by different cofactors. In order to define the impact of putative cofactors on the molecular conversion of PrP in more detail, changes in the spatial structure associated with different cofactor molecule conditions during amplification of PrPres in PMCA was monitored by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis. Largely preliminary data revealed spectral differences between native prion seeds and progeny PMCA generated PrPres for all prion strains, but no variations due to different cofactor conditions.
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Foran, Frances. "Conversions : women re-signing from prison." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28270.

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The research examines the development of women's prison writing through the journal of the Kingston Prison for Women, Tightwire. The journal enabled the prisoners to articulate their experience of prison for themselves as a specific subject-group, as women and as legal subjects. The research connects the prison writing to alterations in legal discourse which reflect the emergence of women as a specific group. The prison writings suggest that extra-legal discourse transforms legal discourse and practice. The appendix includes a selection of poems and comments from Tightwire .
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Araújo, Fábio Firmino de. "Mercado de almas aflitas: crime, castigo e conversão religiosa." Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2009. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7336.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:27:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 4931396 bytes, checksum: 257775c5c9416337e935654ee3e5137e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30
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This study concerns to a theoretical and field research to understand the symbolic and political strategies of religious conversion to evangelical churches in social subjects marked their stories of life in the practice, criminal careers and prospects. The social actors investigated here are prisoners of the Maximum Security Criminalist Penitentiary Geraldo Beltrão, located in the district of Mangabeira VI, in João Pessoa, State of Paraíba. Our goal is to demonstrate the impact of religious conversion in the process of regeneration, recovery and social re-inclusion of prisioners in the society of origin, before the current prison system. We try to identify the prison population as fertile ground for religious proselytism neopentecostal. Also we presented the report of a cult in prison, where trying to analyze how the celebrations held by prisoners and religious experience in everyday life imprisonment.
O presente estudo se refere a uma pesquisa teórica e de campo no sentido de entender as estratégias políticas e simbólicas de conversão religiosa para as igrejas evangélicas de sujeitos sociais marcados em suas histórias de vida pelas práticas, carreiras e perspectivas criminosas. Os atores sociais aqui investigados são prisioneiros da Penitenciária de Segurança Máxima Criminalista Geraldo Beltrão, localizada no bairro de Mangabeira VI, em João Pessoa, estado da Paraíba. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar o impacto da conversão religiosa no processo de regeneração, recuperação e re-inclusão social de prisioneiros na sociedade de origem, frente ao sistema penitenciário vigente. Procuramos identificar o universo prisional como campo fértil para o proselitismo religioso neopentecostal. Apresentamos também o relato de um culto na prisão, onde analisamos as celebrações e a vivência religiosa pelos presidiários no cotidiano da prisão.
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Books on the topic "Prion conversion"

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Wiebe, Ron. L' héritage visionnaire de Ron Wiebe: Conversation inachevée. Ottawa, Ont: Service correctionnel du Canada, 2000.

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Berkowitz, David Richard. Son of hope: The prison journals of David Berkowitz. New York: Morning Star Communications, 2006.

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1941-, Nesbitt Bruce, and Correctional Service Canada, eds. The visionary legacy of Ron Wiebe: An unfinished conversation. Ottawa: Published by the Correctional Service of Canada, 2000.

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Joe, Chaplain. From death to life: The testimonies and writings of a prison minister. Orland Hills, IL (9001 W. 159th Street, Orland Hills, 60477): Freedom in Christ Restoration Ministries, 1996.

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United States. Government Accountability Office. Military base closures: Updated status of prior base realignments and closures : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: GAO, 2005.

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Campbell, William D. Approaching the venture of faith: An apologetical study of the rational development and experiences of a convert prior to the act of faith according to the life and writings of John Henry Cardinal Newman. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1985.

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Wiebe, Ron. Reflections of a Canadian prison warden: The visionary legacy of Ron Wiebe : an unfinished conversation. Ottawa: Correctional Service of Canada, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Military bases: Lessons learned from prior base closure rounds : report to the Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Military bases: Lessons learned from prior base closure rounds : report to the Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Military bases: Status of prior base realignment and closure rounds : report to the Honorable John E. Sununu, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Prion conversion"

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Ma, Jiyan. "Prion Protein Conversion and Lipids." In Prions and Diseases, 107–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5305-5_8.

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Baskakov, Ilia V. "Prion Conversion and Deformed Templating." In Prions and Diseases, 89–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20565-1_5.

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Ma, Jiyan, and Xiangyi Zhang. "Prion Protein Conversion and Lipids." In Prions and Diseases, 163–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20565-1_9.

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Vorberg, I., E. Pfaff, and M. H. Groschup. "The use of monoclonal antibody epitopes for tagging PrP in conversion experiments." In Prion Diseases, 285–90. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6308-5_27.

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Kirby, Louise, and James Hope. "Cell-Free Conversion of Prion Proteins." In Techniques in Prion Research, 164–75. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7949-1_12.

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Orrú, Christina D., and Byron Caughey. "Prion Seeded Conversion and Amplification Assays." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 121–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_184.

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Satoh, Katsuya, Ryuichiro Atarashi, and Noriyuki Nishida. "Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion for Diagnosis of Prion Disease." In Prions, 305–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7244-9_21.

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Surewicz, Witold K., and Marcin I. Apostol. "Prion Protein and Its Conformational Conversion: A Structural Perspective." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 135–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_165.

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Breydo, Leonid, Natallia Makarava, and Ilia V. Baskakov. "Methods for Conversion of Prion Protein into Amyloid Fibrils." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 105–15. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-234-2_8.

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Baskakov, Ilia V. "New Perspectives on Prion Conversion: Introducing a Mechanism of Deformed Templating." In Prions and Diseases, 121–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5305-5_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Prion conversion"

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Ma, Yongqi, Xun Cheng, Min Zhang, Lirong Meng, Bin Luo, and Zheng Cheng. "Data Conversion Method Based on Prior Knowledge Template Updating." In 2019 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac48633.2019.8997226.

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Abu Hamed, Tareq, Jane H. Davidson, and Mark Stolzenburg. "Hydrogen Production via Hydrolysis of Zn in a Hot Wall Flow Reactor." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36176.

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Hydrolysis of Zn is investigated as the second step in a ZnO/Zn redox solar water splitting process. Zinc is evaporated and hydrolyzed in a hot wall flow tubular reactor. The design of the reactor was suggested by prior studies at ETH-Swiss Federal Institute in which simultaneous synthesis of hydrogen and zinc oxide nanoparticles was the goal. The influence of the reactor temperature and residence time on hydrogen conversion was measured for 1023 and 1073 K. Particle yield was measured in-situ using a scanning differential mobility sizer. Particle composition and morphology were characterized with X-ray diffraction and microscopy. In agreement with the prior work, hydrogen conversions of 87 to 96 percent at temperatures above zinc saturation are attributed primarily to hydrolysis of zinc(g) at the wall of the reactor.
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Rodden, Robert, and Eric Ferrebee. "Analysis and Evaluation of the Development of Various k-Values for Use in Design." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/8su5wzp1.

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Inconsistency exists between common conversions from soil index properties (e.g., CBR) to a design k-value and a widespread nomograph that has become the definitive industry reference on the topic in the United States. Propagation of these inconsistencies into guidance from groups like the American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA) and American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committees 330 and 360 has contributed to confusion in the industry. Advancements between the pavement and slab-on-ground communities have occurred in parallel but are inconsistent with each other, thus adding more confusion. ACPA developed a conversion set to better align the industry on a static k-value for design. While the ACPA model is included in StreetPave, PavementDesigner.org, and the ACPA App Library, outdated conversion equations are frequently used due to familiarity and lack of understanding of the underlying principles. This paper presents a summary of the industry's prior practices and recommendations, a detailing of the approach proposed by ACPA, and guidance on which k-value is recommended for design of concrete pavements and slabs-on-ground.
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Jang, Young-gun. "Intelligent HTMLtoVXML Conversion using Automatic Object Extraction and Prior Structural Knowledge." In 2006 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccias.2006.295299.

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Herrera, Jose L., Carlos R. del-Blanco, and Narciso Garcıa. "Edge-based depth gradient refinement for 2D to 3D learned prior conversion." In 2015 3DTV-Conference: The True Vision - Capture, Transmission and Display of 3D Video (3DTV-CON 2015). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dtv.2015.7169364.

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"How Content Volume on Landing Pages Influences Consumer ‎‎Behavior: Empirical Evidence." In InSITE 2018: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: La Verne California. Informing Science Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4016.

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Aim/Purpose: This paper describes an empirical investigation on how consumer behavior is influenced by the volume of content on a commercial landing page -- a stand-alone web page designed to collect user data (in this case the user’s e-mail address), a behavior called “conversion.” Background: Content is a term commonly used to describe the information made available by a website or other electronic medium. A pertinent debate among scholars and practitioners relate to information volume and consumer behavior: do more details elicit engagement and compliance, operationalized through conversions, or the other way around? Methodology: A pilot study (n= 535) was conducted in ‎real-world commercial setting, followed by a series of large-scale online experiments (n= 27,083). Both studies employed a between-group design: Two variations of landing pages, long and short, were created based on various behavioral theories. User traffic to the pages was generated using online advertising and randomized between the pages (A/B testing). Contribution: This research contributes to the body of knowledge on the antecedents and outcomes of online commercial interaction, focusing on content as a determinant of consumer decision-making and behavior. Findings: The observed results indicate a negative correlation between content volume and users’ conversions. The shorter pages had significantly higher conversion rates, across locations and time. Findings suggest that content play a significant role in online decision making. They also contradict prior research on trust, persuasion, and security. Recommendations for Practitioners: At a practical level, results can inform practitioners on the importance of content in online commerce. They provide an empirical support to design and content strategy considerations, specifically the use of elaboration in commercial web pages. Recommendation for Researchers: At the theoretical level, this research advances the body of knowledge on the paradoxical relationship between the increased level of information and online decision-making and indicates that contrary to earlier work, not all persuasion theories‎ are ‎effective online. Impact on Society: Understanding how information drive behavior has implications in many domains (civic engagement, health, education and more). This has relevance to system design and public communication in both online and offline contexts, suggesting social value. Future Research: ‎Using this research as a starting point, future research can examine the impact of content in other contexts, as well as other behavioral drivers (such as demographic data). This can lead to theoretical, methodological and practical recommendations.
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Cheville, R. A., and N. J. Halas. "Wide bandwidth frequency doubler with high conversion efficiency." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.thmm40.

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There has been a great deal of interest in extending the frequency range of currently available ultrashort pulse lasers by second harmonic generation. In this case, the frequency doubler must provide high conversion efficiency across the entire bandwidth of the ultrashort optical pulse. Traditional methods of frequency doubling have limited conversion efficiency over large bandwidths as a result of group velocity mismatch and limitations in input acceptance angle. Intracavity frequency doubling1 and spatial dispersion of the fundamental pulse prior to imaging onto the nonlinear crystal2 are two demonstrated approaches to this problem. We have designed a large bandwidth frequency doubler that provides simultaneous phase-matching over greater than 100 nm bandwidth. Higher conversion efficiencies are possible with this design than with previous spatially dispersive doublers, since the fundamental can be focused more tightly into the doubling crystal while preserving optimum phase-matching angles across the bandwidth of the fundamental of the laser pulse. Unlike other designs, this large bandwidth doubler can be designed with either net positive or negative group velocity dispersion.
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Cheville, R. A., and N. J. Halas. "Wide bandwidth frequency doubler with high conversion efficiency." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.fg1.

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We have designed and demonstrated two wide bandwidth frequency doublers capable of instantaneous second harmonic generation over the entire 100 nm cavity optics bandwidth of a passively mode locked Ti:Al2O3 laser with no loss of conversion efficiency. Instantaneous phase matching over a large bandwidth is achieved passively by the use of dispersive optics prior to focussing the fundamental in the nonlinear crystal. Our first design, utilizing a prism pair geometry to achieve phase matching, has demonstrated constant conversion efficiency over a 100 nm bandwidth. The theoretical conversion bandwidth extends across the entire Ti:Al2O3 gain bandwidth. This frequency doubler exhibits net negative group velocity dispersion that significantly broadens sub-100-fs pulses. Our second design, based on a prism-lens combination for the dispersive optics, exhibits a similarly broad bandwidth that also theoretically spans the entire laser bandwidth. This design, however, has demonstrated no pulse broadening because of negative group velocity dispersion for input pulses as short as 90 fs. This type of dispersive frequency doubler may have widespread uses in broadly tunable pulsed sources such as free electron lasers.
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King, D., G. Rochau, D. Oscar, C. Morrow, P. Tsvetkov, R. Hart, and R. Gallix. "An Overview of the Direct Energy Conversion Proof of Principle Power Production Program." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49458.

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The United States Department of Energy, Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) Direct Energy Conversion Proof of Principle (DECPOP) project has as its goal the development of a direct energy conversion process suitable for commercial development. We define direct energy conversion as any fission process that returns usable energy without an intermediate thermal process. A prior Direct Energy Conversion (DEC) project [1] has been completed and indicates that a viable direct energy device is possible if several technological issues can be overcome. The DECPOP program is focusing on two of the issues: charged particle steering and high voltage hold-off. This paper reports on the progress of the DECPOP project. Two prototype concepts are under development: a Fission Electric Cell using magnetic insulation and a Fission Fragment Magnetic Collimator using magnetic fields to direct fission fragments to collectors. Included in this paper are a short project description, an abbreviated summary of the work completed to date, a description of ongoing and future project activities, and a discussion of the potential for future research and development.
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Stoller, Paul J., and Walter R. Niessen. "Lessons Learned From the 1970s Experiments in Solid Waste Conversion Technologies." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2348.

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Countless proposals for conversion technologies applied to municipal solid waste (MSW), such as gasification, many of which include mechanical processing of the MSW prior to the thermal conversion steps, have generated significant interest and press over the past few years. Many community groups and local officials are being pressured by developers to view these technologies as better and more politically acceptable alternatives to mass burn waste-to-energy facilities. From a historical perspective, most (but not all) of the basic technologies being promoted today are not new, but are variations of technologies that were evaluated and tested during the 1970s for use in processing and converting MSW. This paper presents overviews and several case studies of the MSW conversion technologies that were developed and tested during the 1970s including MSW processing and gasification technologies, and sets forth: • Lessons learned from those experiments. • Based upon the lessons learned, recommended rules of engagement for those contemplating evaluation or use of a processing and/or conversion technology. • A practical application of the above lessons learned and rules of engagement to the plasma arc gasification technology currently being promoted by a number of developers. The contents of this paper should be carefully considered by anyone contemplating the merits and feasibility of any MSW processing and/or conversion technology being promoted today or in the future.
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Reports on the topic "Prion conversion"

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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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