Relevant bibliographies by topics / Printing velocity

Academic literature on the topic 'Printing velocity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Printing velocity"

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Edwards, D. A., M. E. Mackay, Z. R. Swain, C. R. Banbury, and D. D. Phan. "Maximal 3D printing extrusion rates." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 84, no. 5 (October 2019): 1022–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/hxz024.

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Abstract Many applications of 3D printing are enhanced by increased printing speed. In the hot end of a 3D printer, the polymer feed stock flows in a heated cylinder at a set temperature. Since the polymer must be hot enough to reach a pliant state before extrusion, this establishes a maximum velocity beyond which the polymer is too rigid to be extruded. A mathematical model is presented for this system, and both amorphous and crystalline polymer systems are examined. The former is a heat transfer problem; the latter is a Stefan problem. Several different conditions for establishing the maximum velocity are considered; using the average polymer temperature in the hot end matches well with experimental data.
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Chen, Xinxing, Aidan P. O’Mahony, and Tracie Barber. "The assessment of average cell number inside in-flight 3D printed droplets in microvalve-based bioprinting." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 22 (June 14, 2022): 224701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0096468.

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3D cell bioprinting is an innovative and time-saving additive manufacturing technology; it precisely generates complex cell-laden constructs to overcome the limitations of 2D cell culture and conventional tissue engineering scaffold technology. Many efforts have been made to evaluate the bioprinter performance by considering printed cell number and the consistency of printed cell number. In this paper, a modified droplet imaging system is used to study the printing performance for a micro-valve-based 3D bioprinter using fluorescence MCF-7 cells. The effects of droplet dispensing physics (dosing energy [Formula: see text]), ink properties (Z number—the inverse of the Ohnesorge number and particle sedimentation velocity), and input cell concentration are considered. The droplet imaging system demonstrates a strong capability and accuracy in analyzing bioprinting performance for printed cell density less than 300 cells/droplet. The average printed cell number is positively correlated with the increasing input cell concentration, dosing energy, and printing time. Printing ink, with Z number ranging from 4 to 7.41 and cell sedimentation velocity at [Formula: see text] m/s, can provide the estimated printed cell number and consistent cell printing results within 2 min printing time. Printing inks with higher Z number or cell sedimentation velocity should be ejected under dosing energy below 2.1 La and printed right after filling the reservoir to achieve reliable and stable printing results.
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Zhao, Xiaoyang, and Jin Huang. "Ink Droplet Position Compensation Based on Extended State Observer." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 5 (September 5, 2011): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0629.

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The parabolic droplet trajectory in inkjet printing causes errors between actual position and expected positioning, deteriorating printing quality in highspeed printing. To improve printing quality and increase printing speed, an accurate firing time estimation method is proposed to compensate the droplet position error. A speed estimator based on the extended state observer is designed to estimate carriage speed on-line, based on which, the exact firing time for droplet position compensation is calculated. Simulation result shows the effectiveness of carriage velocity estimation, and experimental results show that the printing quality is markedly improved.
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Zhao, Li, Zhaoliang Jiang, Cheng Zhang, and Wenping Liu. "Influence of 3D printing stress wave on residual stress." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 135, no. 6 (September 1, 2021): 64002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/135/64002.

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Abstract As a popular rapid manufacturing technology, three-dimensional printing (3D printing) has been widely adopted in medical, automotive, aerospace, construction and other industrial fields. The stereo lithography apparatus (SLA) is an effective 3D printing method for ceramic printing. However, shrinkage from monomer to polymer and laser stress wave cause residual stress in the formed parts during SLA. Serious quality defects including cracks, warpage and deformation caused by residual stress have remained to be a problem. Basically, the laser stress wave plays an important role in the generation of 3D printing residual stress. In this work, to investigate the propagation mechanism of the laser stress wave, the finite element method was adopted to simulate the SLA process of zirconia. The influence of 3D printing factors on the residual stress was obtained, and we found that the wave velocity of the stress wave obtained by the simulation model was highly consistent with the theoretical wave velocity. Meanwhile, the attenuation formula of the stress wave in the 3D printing process was obtained by fitting to investigate its attenuation law. Based on the above results, the attenuation law of the 3D printing stress wave has a direct influence on the development and variation trend of its residual stress.
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Hamad, Aamir, Adam Archacki, and Ahsan Mian. "Characteristics of nanosilver ink (UTDAg) microdroplets and lines on polyimide during inkjet printing at high stage velocity." Materials Advances 1, no. 1 (2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00048e.

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Dvoryankin, O. A., and N. I. Baurova. "Application of 3D-printing technologies for production of master-model in engineering industry." Technology of Metals, no. 9 (September 2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-2499-2021-0-9-17-21.

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Analysis of 3D-printing methods used in the molding production to manufacture master-models has been carried out. The technology was selected, which allowed one to make high-precision parts, combining the molding and the 3D-printing. Factors effecting on the quality of 3D-models printed by this technology were analyzed. Experimental studied for determination of the printing parameter influence (layer thickness, filling percentage, printing velocity) on ultimate strength of specimens made of ABS-plastic were carried out.
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Pittayachaval, Paphakorn, and Thanakharn Baothong. "An Effect of Screw Extrusion Parameters on a Pottery Model Formed by a Clay Printing Machine." Materials Science Forum 1046 (September 22, 2021): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1046.29.

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This paper presents a study of the screw extrusion parameters that affect on the appearance of clay filament for a clay printing machine. Traditionally, pottery models are formed by using paster mold or hand throwing, which require experienced and proficient workers to form the complex pottery models. Therefore, the clay printing machine has been developed to improve manual pottery fabrication to automatic construction. This machine has been modified based on the additive manufacturing (AM). To assess a capability material deposition of the clay printing machine, nozzle diameter, screw extruder velocity, and screw pitch were investigated as the printing parameters to evaluate a quality of clay filament. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to analyze main effect parameters. The experimental results showed that the 6 mm nozzle diameter, 19 mm/s screw extruder velocity and 24 mm screw pitch were the suitable printing parameters for providing an appropriate appearance of clay filament. A mathematical model was formulated to propose the relationship between response and main effects with their interactions.
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Rastogi, Prasansha, Cornelis H. Venner, and Claas Willem Visser. "Deposition Offset of Printed Foam Strands in Direct Bubble Writing." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142895.

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Direct Bubble Writing is a recent technique to print shape-stable 3-dimensional foams from streams of liquid bubbles. These bubbles are ejected from a core-shell nozzle, deposited on the build platform placed at a distance of approximately 10 cm below the nozzle, and photo-polymerized in situ. The bubbles are ejected diagonally, with a vertical velocity component equal to the ejection velocity and a horizontal velocity component equal to the motion of the printhead. Owing to the horizontal velocity component, a discrepancy exists between the nozzle trajectory and the location of the printed strand. This discrepancy can be substantial, as for high printhead velocities (500 mm/s) an offset of 8 mm (in radius) was measured. Here, we model and measure the deviation in bubble deposition location as a function of printhead velocity. The model is experimentally validated by the printing of foam patterns including a straight line, a circle, and sharp corners. The deposition offset is compensated by tuning the print path, enabling the printing of a circular path to the design specifications and printing of sharp corners with improved accuracy. These results are an essential step towards the Direct Bubble Writing of 3-dimensional polymer foam parts with high dimensional accuracy.
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Xu, Lei, and Hui Ming Huang. "A Performance Evaluation of Printing RFID Tags." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1321.

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Printing RFID tag is a potential substitute for etching RFID tag as it has advantages in metal waste and substrate selection due to its addictive process. An evaluation of printing tags is conducted on their performance and reliability. It is observed that low printing tag antenna resistance results from slow printing velocity, low printing pressure, high curing temperature as well as long curing time. Printing tags have an equidistant read range with etching tags in the case of low printing antenna resistance when chips are bound to printing tag antennae. Furthermore, printing tags are comparable to etching tags in the sensitivity to environmental temperature and humidity under alternative and constant temperature-humidity tests. It is also demonstrated a weaker ability for printing tags to withstand the mechanical stress than etching tags under the bend test. Experimental results show that printing tags have better performance when their antenna resistances are low.
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Li, Jie, Hong Bin Li, Jing Chuan Dong, Tai Yong Wang, and Hai Tao Zhang. "The Investigation of the Effect Caused by Deposition Velocity on Bonding Degree within the Structure of FDM." Key Engineering Materials 764 (February 2018): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.764.142.

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In this paper, the effect of deposition velocity on bonding degree is studied in the aspects of experiment and theory. The experimental results show that the bonding quality of the adjacent filaments is weakened with increasing of deposition velocity. In addition, on the premise of guaranteeing every point in the building process to remain at the optimal temperature, the quantitative relationships between interval and filled area, deposition velocity are investigated by using the technique of deactivate and reactivate element of finite element. On the base of the quantitative relationships, the variable deposition velocity printing method is proposed for the first time. Namely, to reap the best bonding quality of filaments the time of completing one layer can be determined according to the filled area, and then, the optimal deposition velocity can be obtained according to the quantitative relationship between the interval and the deposition velocity. Printing the model at this speed can obtain the part with the best bonding quality between adjacent layers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Printing velocity"

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Turner, Andrew Joseph. "Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Sandwich Panels with 3D Printed Polymer Core Structures." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1496345616948541.

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Keerthi, Sandeep. "Low Velocity Impact and RF Response of 3D Printed Heterogeneous Structures." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1514392165695378.

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Al, Rifaie Mohammed Jamal. "Resilience and Toughness Behavior of 3D-Printed Polymer Lattice Structures: Testing and Modeling." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1502760172343413.

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Thompson, John Ryan. "RELATING MICROSTRUCTURE TO PROCESS VARIABLES IN BEAM-BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF INCONEL 718." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1401699643.

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Kuntz, Sarah Louise. "Feasibility of Attaining Fully Equiaxed Microstructure through Process Variable Control for Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1464557846.

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張仕錡. "Effect of Squeegee Pressure and Velocity on Wet Ink Thickness of Screen Printing." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2wbj9y.

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碩士
逢甲大學
機械與電腦輔助工程學系
105
Screen printing, the impact of ink thickness of many factors, in addition to squeegee pressure and speed, there are ink viscosity, squeegee angle, mesh number, net film thickness (photographic emulsion thickness) and so on. Because the process of product differentiation is not, the squeegee angle almost no adjustment, ink viscosity due to quality stability and the need for a fixed range of viscosity, mesh production mesh number and mesh thickness will also be fixed, although the thickness of the screen thickness Specifications, but little effect. The blade pressure and squeegee speed for the operating staff most need to adjust the operating factor, so the special study of the blade pressure and squeegee speed of the two factors, observed and the impact between the thickness of ink. This study is aimed at screen printing glass, using different printing squeegee speeds and the impact of printing blade pressure, and wet ink thickness. The four parameters (200 mm / s, 300 mm / s, 400 mm / s, 500 mm / s) and the printing pressure were set to four parameters (with the lightest pressure as the first reference, and each parameter would be Pressure stroke down 0.1cm,), a total of 16 parameters cross test. The results were obtained with a printing speed of 400 mm / s and the lightest printing pressure compared to other parameters. The worst blade blade pressure and squeegee speed were 400 mm / s for the best setting parameters for this experiment.
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Book chapters on the topic "Printing velocity"

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Fogel, Mark A. "Novel CMR techniques for advanced surgical planning." In The EACVI Textbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, edited by Massimo Lombardi, Sven Plein, Steffen Petersen, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo Buechel, Cristina Basso, and Victor Ferrari, 502–8. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779735.003.0049.

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Medical and surgical care for the patient with congenital heart disease (CHD) has advanced greatly over the past 40 years; along with improved surgical and catheter-based techniques, intensive unit care, and overall medical advances, improved outcomes have accrued across a whole host of cardiac defects. This is owed, in no small part, to advances in imaging and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) which has played an important and growing role in this evolution. Novel CMR techniques 25 years ago, such as gadolinium-based imaging and two-dimensional velocity mapping, are now commonplace. At the cutting edge of novel CMR techniques, in the current era, are computational fluid dynamic modelling, three-dimensional printing, four-dimensional flow imaging, and X-ray magnetic resonance/interventional CMR, which will be the focus of this chapter. The hope is that one day these techniques will be the commonplace ones, aiding in the care of a broad spectrum of CHD.
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Persily, Nathaniel. "Platform Power, Online Speech, and the Search for New Constitutional Categories." In Social Media, Freedom of Speech, and the Future of our Democracy, 193–212. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197621080.003.0012.

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Abstract New communication technologies often challenge existing legal categories concerning freedom of expression. Like television, radio, and even the printing press, social media are forcing governments and civil society to reckon with fundamental questions as to the proper role of the public and private sectors in regulating this new communications medium to realize the benefits and control the harms of speech as amplified through this new technology. This essay highlights the ill-fittedness of existing constitutional categories for the communications revolution that social media have ignited. It argues that social media companies are not state actors, common carriers, or places of public accommodation. Nor should they be considered traditional First Amendment actors with robust claims against government regulation. Instead, it argues, courts need to retrofit our existing conception of speech regulation to be sensitive to the unique features of these new information monopolies: namely, their global scope, the unprecedented velocity of digital communication, and the need for algorithmic moderation at scale.
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Conference papers on the topic "Printing velocity"

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Ganz, Simone, Sebastian Pankalla, Hans Martin Sauer, Manfred Glesner, and Edgar Dörsam. "Printing technique dependent charge carrier velocity distribution in organic thin film transistors." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Zhenan Bao, Iain McCulloch, Ruth Shinar, and Ioannis Kymissis. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2023244.

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Zia, Shafaq, Johan E. Carlson, and Pia Akerfeldt. "On Estimation of Sound Velocity and Attenuation in Common 3D-Printing Filaments." In 2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ius54386.2022.9958029.

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Rath, Usharani, and Pulak Mohan Pandey. "Computational Study of Solvent Based Extrusion 3D Printing." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8405.

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Abstract In the present work, authors have performed a finite element modelling and simulation of the solvent based extrusion 3D printing process. The present work can be considered as a pioneering work as there is no available literature on the modelling aspects of the solvent based extrusion 3D printing process. Two physics interfaces of a commercially available multiphysics modelling tool, such as computational fluid dynamics, and heat transfer along with a mathematical approach such as the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method were integrated to simulate the aforementioned 3D printing process. The physical model consisted of a homogenous solution of polycaprolactone polymer and a volatile solvent namely methylene chloride. A two dimensional axisymmetric model was formulated to simulate the flow behaviour and evaporation behaviour of the polymer solution from the nozzle inlet to the platform on which the solution gets deposited. The velocity and temperature field of the polymer solution during the printing of one layer is analyzed. Furthermore, the evaporation mechanism followed by evaporative cooling of the deposited layer is also illustrated. It was observed that the flow velocity obtained was 16 mm/s at the nozzle exit for a feed rate of 40 mm/min at the nozzle inlet. The evaporative cooling of the Methylene chloride solvent resulted in the reduction in temperature with an evaporation rate of 1.74 g/m3s.
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Talpasanu, Ilie, and Stephen Chomyszak. "Kinematic Analysis of 3D Printing Mechanisms." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-48071.

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The paper presents a novel technique for the kinematic analysis of a geared mechanism manufactured through 3D printing technology. In the syllabus of the undergraduate 3D Printing course, one of the student projects is to manufacture a spur Norton type gear box which includes a planetary mechanism for engaging its three planets, thus three output velocities for the gear box are obtained. The connected elements (carriers, gears, planets) are fabricated without any involvement of assembly operation. At the prototype stage, a CAD model of the mechanism is created and a search for abilities and limitations of the mechanism are required. The analysis of abilities of motion includes determination of mechanism mobility (DOF). A step by step simple technique is presented for determination of the rank for the matrix of coefficients from the kinematic equations. Thus, the DOF is the difference between the number columns and the rank previously determined. The steps required in the analysis are: numbering of links and joints, graph attached to mechanism, matrix of incidence cycles-nodes in graph, and determination of its rank by using Mathematica commands. For the set of base cycles are automatically generated independent scalar equations. The matrix, denoted velocity matroidal, has the coefficients for the mechanism’s unknown absolute angular velocities-determined based on an analogy to a system of parallel forces from static equilibrium, angular velocities being considered analog to the “forces“. The relations between the input-output links’ absolute angular velocities are determined. The coefficients in the kinematic equations for velocities are written as function of gear ratios. The number of gear teeth can be selected also for the desired input-output speed ratios.
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Oliveira, Ricardo F., Nelson Rodrigues, José Carlos Teixeira, Duarte Santos, Delfim Soares, Maria F. Cerqueira, and Senhorinha F. C. F. Teixeira. "A Numerical Study of Solder Paste Rolling Process for PCB Printing." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88035.

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The increasing demand for electronic devices associated with the increasing competitiveness between enterprises, pushes towards process automation to decrease production costs. The reflow soldering has proven to be effective in this regard. This is composed by a series of steps or processes, such as: (a) stencil printing, (b) component placement and (c) reflow oven soldering. Each process has its specific traits that contribute to the overall process efficiency. The present study is directed towards process (a), which includes the rolling of the solder paste over the stencil surface, followed by the subsequent filling of the stencil apertures. Several parameters influence the solder paste behaviour and thus the effectiveness of the rolling process. This work focuses on the solder paste non-Newtonian viscosity properties, with the solder paste presenting a thixotropic behaviour, necessary for the filling of the stencil apertures. Although the increase in the squeegee velocity causes extra shear in the solder paste and consequently lower viscosity, the excess of velocity may cause defects in the aperture filling process. In addition, during the rolling process, air may become entrapped in the solder paste. The complexity of this process is addressed by numerical simulation, in particular, using the work-package ANSYS to study the solder paste progress, during the rolling process, as well as the parameters influencing it. The fluid flow simulation is solved using the solver FLUENT®, a simplified 2D domain with real case dimensions, a transient prediction of the viscosity, which is a function of the solder paste solicitation, and finally by using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to track the solder-air interface boundary. Dynamic meshing methods are also employed to replicate the movement of the squeegee wall, in its task to push the solder paste tumble over the stencil. This study enlightens the role played by the printing velocity in the stencil aperture filling, a logarithm correlation can be found between them. It was found that lower print velocities provide better results than higher speeds. It was observed that the back tip of the squeegee blade causes a partial removal of the solder paste from the aperture, which is higher for faster print processes. An analysis of the filling process over time concluded that, independently of the printing velocity, 90% of the filling occurs in the first quarter of the process.
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Qian, Lei, Hongbo Lan, Guangming Zhang, Jiawei Zhao, and Shuting Zou. "A Novel Microscale 3D Printing Based on Electric-Field-Driven Jet Deposition." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6451.

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This paper presents an electric-field-driven (EFD) jet deposition 3D printing technique, which is based on the induced electric field and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) cone-jetting behavior. Unlike the traditional EHD-jet printing with two counter electrodes, the EFD jet 3D printing only requires a nozzle electrode to induce an electric field between the nozzle and the target substrate. Taking into account both printing accuracy and printing efficiency, two novel working modes which involve pulsed cone-jet mode and continuous cone-jet mode, are proposed for implementing multi-scale 3D printing. In this work, significant relationships between the printing results and process parameters (voltage, air pressure, pulse duration time, and stage velocity) were investigated to guide the reliable printing in both working modes. Furthermore, the experimental studies were carried out to demonstrate the capabilities and advantages of the proposed approach, which included the suitability of various substrate, the capacity of conformal printing, and the diversity of the compatible materials. Finally, four typical printing results were provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technology for micro-scale 2D patterning and macro/microstructures multi-scale fabrication. As a result, this research provides a novel micro-scale 3D printing technique with low cost, high resolution and good generalizability. The breakthrough technique paves a way for implementing highresolution 3D printing, especially for multi-scale and multimaterial additive manufacturing.
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Zhang, Feng, Feng Yang, Dong Lin, and Chi Zhou. "Parameter Study on 3D-Printing Graphene Oxidize Based on Directional Freezing." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8846.

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Graphene is one of the most promising carbon nanomaterial due to its excellent electrical, thermal, optical and mechanical properties. However, it is still very challenging to unlock its exotic properties and widely adopt it in real-world applications. In this paper, we introduces a new 3D graphene structure printing approach with pure graphene oxide material, better inter-layer bonding, and complex architecture printing capability. Various parameters related to this novel process are discussed in detail in order to improve the printability, reliability and accuracy. We have shown that the print quality largely depends on the duty cycle of print head, applied pressure and travel velocity during printing. A palette of printed samples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique along with the optimal parameter settings. The proposed process proves to be a promising 3D printing technique for fabricating multi-scale nanomaterial structures. The theory revealed and parameters investigated herein are expected to significantly advance the knowledge and understanding of the fundamental mechanism of the proposed directional freezing based 3D nano printing process. Furthermore the outcome of this research has the potential to open up a new avenue for fabricating multi-functional nanomaterial objects.
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Wu, Dazhong, Changxue Xu, and Srikumar Krishnamoorthy. "Predictive Modeling of Droplet Velocity and Size in Inkjet-Based Bioprinting." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6513.

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Additive manufacturing is driving major innovations in many areas such as biomedical engineering. Recent advances have enabled 3D printing of biocompatible materials and cells into complex 3D functional living tissues and organs using bioink. Inkjet-based bioprinting fabricates the tissue and organ constructs by ejecting droplets onto a substrate. Compared with microextrusion-based and laser-assisted bioprinting, it is very difficult to predict and control the droplet formation process (e.g., droplet velocity and size). To address this issue, this paper presents a new data-driven approach to predict droplet velocity and size in the inkjet-based bioprinting process. An imaging system was used to monitor the droplet formation process. To investigate the effects of excitation voltage, dwell time, and rise time on droplet velocity and droplet size, a full factorial design of experiments was conducted. Two predictive models were developed to predict droplet velocity and droplet size using random forests. The accuracy of the two predictive models was evaluated using the relative error. Experimental results have shown that the predictive models are capable of predicting droplet velocity and size with sufficient accuracy.
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KUMAR, DINESH, BALKISHAN PAL, BALWINDER KUMAR, and VIKAS BHARDWAJ. "A REVIEW OF FUTURE TRENDS IN 3-D PRINTING OF ARMAMENT AND EXPLOSIVE DEVICES." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36044.

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Advances in Computer aided design (CAD), modeling and Three-dimensional (3D) printing has led to paradigm shift in development of innovative and miniaturized explosive devices for armament applications. In conventional techniques, explosives are either pressed or casted and machined to required geometry. These conventional processes are mostly manual and monotonous; require high-cost tooling and the lead-time from concept to product is high. 3D printing is an automated additive manufacturing process in which the material is deposited layer-by-layer to build physical part with any intricate geometry and profile, from the CAD model of the part. 3D printing of explosive devices offers advantages of computer aided design techniques, automation, direct physical part fabrication, low lead-time, low cost and any geometrical shape can be printed. It also offers advantage of printing explosive parts in the battlefields. In this paper, along with the detailed review of future trends in 3D printing of armament and explosive devices, a case study of 3D printing of plastic bullets in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material is presented. The plastic bullets are used in low intensity conflicts and riot control. The experimental firing trials were conducted using standard AK- 47 gun firing on Gelatin target blocks placed at 30 m distance from the muzzle of the gun. The trials showed performance of ABS bullets in terms of lethality and velocity drop comparable to existing plastic bullets made of Nylon-66 manufactured by injection molding process. 3D printed ABS bullets have advantage of batch-to-batch repeatability, high accuracy. 3D printing is revolutionizing the way armament and explosive devices are manufactured, performance improvement and miniaturization.
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Martz, Y., J. Frechard, and D. Knittel. "Advanced Motion Control Design for Longitudinal Web Dynamics in Roll-to-Roll Systems: Velocity or Position Control?" In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13503.

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Roll-to-Roll systems handling web material such as papers, polymers, textiles or metals are very common in the industry. One of the main objectives in web handling plant is to reach an expected web speed while maintaining the web tension within an acceptable range around the tension reference in the entire processing line. In the recent years, several works have focused on the topic of web tension control using H∞ approaches. In the traditional way, each motor driven roller is controlled in speed and the web tension control is ensured by an external loop. This paper proposes to compare, for the first time, the traditional control strategy with a control strategy including position control rather than speed control. In fact, position control is commonly used in printing industry. The comparison will be ensured in frequency and time domain and take into account the reference tracking performances and the robustness to web elasticity variations.
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