Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Printing ink'
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Daniel, Richard Crosson. "Ink-media interactions in ink-jet printing /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9829.
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Babaei, Lavasani Mohammad R. "Ink-jet printing of textiles." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488155.
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Tay, Bee Yen. "Continuous direct ink jet printing." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1560.
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This thesis describes the preparation and continuous printing of zirconia ink under different conditions, as well as the development of silver inks, for the same purpose. The dispersion of sub-micrometer zirconia powder in industrial methylated spirit using other additives such as dispersant and binder was investigated with different mixing methods and at varying powder and binder contents. The use of high shear mixing by triple roll milling followed by ultrasonic disruption as well as adequate sedimentation and filtration produced a homogeneous and stable ink of 2.5 vol. % ZrO2. The ink could be printed directly and continuously on a commercial jet printer without interruption of any kind and the phenomena occurring during printing were investigated. The optimum modulation frequency for printing was determined with the generation of pear-shaped and symmetrical droplets. Printing was made on substrates of surface free energies lower and higher than the surface tension of the Zr02 ink. Powder migration was observed within a relic of the printed dot on the second type of substrate. Layers were also overprinted on the second type of substrate by varying the following: print resolution, printing interval, print area, drying conditions and ink powder loading. These series of prints were accompanied by the appearance of ridges, spattering and non-vertical walls and the effects were investigated. The wettability and shrinkage of droplets of the ceramic ink was also studied in-situ by monitoring the evolution of contact angle, width of ink-substrate interface and droplet height with a video camera. The shape of the droplet experienced different dynamics on different types of substrate. Lastly, the sedimentation behaviour of ethanol-based silver inks dispersed with different types of dispersant was investigated with respect to the sediment volume and half-value time. Deflocculated ink was obtained at a low dispersant level and powder loading.
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Aucklah, Roshan. "Ink formulation and rheological characterisation of zirconia screen printing inks." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8599.
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Solid oxide fuel cells are a developing technology where advanced ceramics play a crucial role. Within the fuel cell the most common electrolyte material is yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ). The use of nano particles may provide lower sintering temperatures enabling the possibility of co-sintering the electrolyte with the anode layer. One route for deposition is screen-printing, which is scalable and cost-effective. In this research an aqueous screen-printing route was adopted, which adds the benefits of reduced health and safety risks with reduced costs. The aims of the work were to produce aqueous zirconia inks suitable for screen-printing and to understand the factors involved in ink formulation. The overall objective of the project was to produce a dense impermeable zirconia layer by screen-printing. Sub-micron (~100 nm) and nano (20 nm) primary particles were used to prepare suspensions and inks. The suspensions were optimised for dispersion with the addition of a dispersant (Darvan C or TAC) by zeta potential and rheological methods. The addition of a binder (Rheolate 216) to the suspensions was used to create a 60 wt% screen-printing paste. The inks were characterised by rotational and/or oscillatory rheometry techniques and printed layers were characterised by optical microscopy where cracking was not observed. The input parameters for ink formulation have been investigated. The binder concentration increased the structural properties of the ink and above 5 wt% produced level prints. The dispersant structure was shown to influence the rheological characteristics of the ink. This was linked to the interaction of binder and dispersant. This thesis has shown that it was possible to formulate an aqueous sub-micron zirconia ink that levels after printing and does not crack during drying. Defects in the form of pinholes still remained. Excessively high drying rates were obtained from the aqueous ink making it difficult to process over long time periods and this was overcome through the use of co-solvents at a cost of print quality. Surfactants have been shown to improve the printed layer, but a fully optimised ink has not been found.
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Verona, Victoria. "Ink transfer mechanisms in flexographic printing." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422017.
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Rentschler, Lisa. "A study of the effects of paper, ink and drying techniques on lithographic ink transfer during electrophotographic imprinting /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11379.
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Wang, Dein. "An investigation of the applicability of Walker and Fetsko ink transfer equation on and the influence of ink viscosity on heat set ink used on the web offset process /." Online version of thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/8839.
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Voltaire, Joakim. "Ink Film Splitting Acoustics in Offset Printing." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3869.
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Di, Biase Manuela. "Ink-jet printing of cell-containing scaffolds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498840.
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Wang, Jian. "Combinatorial ink-jet printing for ceramic discovery." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2006. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1759.
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An aspirating and dispensing printer established inside a robot gantry equipped with furnace and measurement table is used to prepare thick-film combinatorial libraries. Implementation of series of screening tests for ceramic inks that address stability against sedimentation, evaporation and particle segregation during drying, has provided a series of calibration inks can be used for calibration of this printer. The instrument can assemble ceramic mixtures with compositional accuracy of 1-3 wt %. By changing the amount of dispersant used in the inks or by printing onto a porous substrate, the geometry of residues from dried ceramic ink droplets can be modified to facilitate property measurements and uniform composition, as planned, can be achieved. The same material prepared in three ways, in the form of dried ink, ink-jet printed as for a combinatorial sample and by conventional compaction gave similar dielectric measurements. A combinatorial system has been developed so that combinatorial libraries can be printed, fired and screened automatically. A ternary A1203-TiO2-ZrO2 system was first studied using the developed combinatorial method. The particle segregation during drying of multi-component ceramic ink drops is not due to preferential sedimentation unless dispersant addition is restricted. The segregation is due to the partitioning of particles between the growing peripheral 'foot' that develops during drying and the diminishing liquid pool which contains vigorous recirculation flows. Better dispersed particles remain in the pool and hence are found in excess on the upper surface of residues. Less well dispersed particles join the 'foot' earlier in the drying process. The contact angle and height of droplets containing large amounts of dispersant, steadily reduced during drying until a minimum value was reached; the contact diameter being almost unchanged during drying. These droplet residues retained a dome shape. Droplets of suspensions containing small additions of dispersant terminated in a 'doughnut' shaped residue.
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Johns, Ashley Stephen. "Ink-jet printing of multi-phase formulations." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12511/.
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Ink-jet formulations are tailored for specific applications to give high performance in storage, during jetting, as drops impact the substrate and during evaporation; high performance of the final product is also targeted. This thesis explores the ink-jet printing of multi-phase formulations and their potential applications. First, phase-separating inks were investigated. Formulations based upon binary mixtures of partially miscible liquids were explored: the minor component in suitable formulations was present initially below its miscibility limit and increased in concentration during evaporation until the mixture passed the binodal. Aqueous solutions of di(propylene glycol) methyl ether acetate (DPGMEA) phase separated after jetting: the new oil-rich phase formed at the contact line where evaporative flux is greatest. Phase-selective patterning was demonstrated using sodium oxalate and benzoic acid, which partitioned into opposite phases. Decane-in-methanol solutions phase separated throughout the drop but the high volatility of methanol did not allow composition gradients to equilibrate; phase selective patterning is not possible for this mixture. A quantitative criterion for the observation of phase separation during evaporation was developed and may be calculated from reference data. Second, the delivery of high-molecular-weight (MW) polymers via emulsions was investigated. The ink-jet printing of high-(MW) polymers in solution is non-trivial: first, concentrated solutions are too viscous for print heads. Second, high strain rates during printing causes chain degradation. Third, high strain rates cause polymers to undergo the coil-stretch transition and introduce non-Newtonian jetting dynamics: long-lived elastic filaments develop that delay drop breakoff and decelerate the main drop. Emulsions shield polymers from high strain rates during printing through the interfacial tension and Gibbs elasticity of the dispersed phase droplets; strain occurs only in the polymer-free continuous phase. The optimised model formulation contained 3.8 %wt polystyrene (Mn = 419 kDa) overall; polystyrene was dissolved in methyl benzoate and dispersed throughout an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylsulphate. During evaporation on the substrate, the dispersed phase coalesced to give an even polystyrene deposit with the shape of a spherical cap. The emulsion increased the maximum printable concentration of the polymer by a factor of 15 and long-lived elastic filaments were not formed during jetting. A variety of discontinuous phase solvents were trialled: nozzle clogging was more frequent with toluene and anisole, whilst diethyl phthalate did not evaporate on the substrate. A neutrally buoyant discontinuous phase is advantageous.
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Fox, Ian James. "Ink flow within the screen-printing process." Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42565.
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Screen-printing is one of the oldest printing processes, yet its market share remains very limited due to its slower printing speeds compared to the other available processes. This is mainly because of the reciprocating motion of the squeegee upon the printing screen. In order for screen-printing to become more competitive, the concept of a high-speed continuous belt screen-printing press was developed. However, this will produce an increase in squeegee wear and friction of the squeegee upon the screen. For this reason, this work investigated the use of a roller squeegee that could rotate across the screen. It has been proven that screen-printing with a roller squeegee can be successfully achieved. Additionally, in terms of density and tone gain, these images were comparable to those produced with traditional blade squeegees. A numerical model has been developed to simulate the characteristics that will be encountered within the ink film when printing with a roller squeegee. Numerical simulations were run where the settings corresponded to the parameters utilised in experimental trials. Here, it was discovered that an increase in squeegee diameter will increase the ink film on the squeegee and will also increase the contact width of the screen upon the substrate. This will have the effect of increasing the pumping capacity of the squeegee, which will therefore increase the ink deposit. This was confirmed in the experimental trials. It was also shown that the locking of the squeegee increased the shear mechanism within the ink film, resulting in a reduction in the ink viscosity within the nip contact region. This had the effect of reducing the ink film thickness on the squeegee, which reduces the pumping capacity of the squeegee, thus producing a reduced ink deposit. Additionally, this work is the first method that has been able to estimate the height of the ink deposit for a range of halftone open areas where the results correspond almost identically to the actual printed heights of the prints obtained in experimental studies. This work has improved the fundamental understanding of the mechanics and the process physics within the ink transfer mechanism in the screen-printing process. Use of experimental and numerical models has resulted in new theories being developed that will further the knowledge of the process. This has led to the design and manufacture of a high-speed rotary screen-printing press that will enable high-speed, continuous screen-printing.
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Kirkhorn, Tomas. "Continuous ink jet printing of medical images." Lund : Dept. of Electrical Measurements, Lund Institute of Technology, 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=YiJrAAAAMAAJ.
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Go, Eubert C. "Effects of oligomer-to-monomer ratio on ink film properties of white UV-curable gravure ink for printing on biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10927.
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Li, Xiaofei. "New coloration system for ink jet printing on textiles." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8597.
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Mayersky, Joshua. "Development and Characterization of Low Cost Tungsten Disulfide Ink for Ink-jet Printing." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522418413569074.
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Svanholm, Erik. "Printability and Ink-Coating Interactions in Inkjet Printing." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad : Faculty of Technology and Science, Chemical Engineering, Karlstad University, 2007. http://www.diva-portal.org/kau/theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=572.
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Li, Xiaofei. "New colorants for ink jet printing on textiles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10113.
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Yang, Kai. "Reactive dye ink-jet printing on wool fabrics." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493793.
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Reactive dyes have been extensively used in wool coloration due to their high percent fixation, brightness and all-round colour fastness. The application of the three most popular reactive dyes (Drimarene K: difluoromonochloropyrimidine; Remazol: vinylsulphone precursors; Lanasol: a-bromoacrylamido) via ink jet printing on wool fabrics has been explored in this work.
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Vlachopoulos, Georgios. "Phenomena affecting ink transfer in offset lithographic printing." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42395.
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The ink transfer mechanisms in the offset lithographic printing process is consisted by a complex inking roller train which a series of alternately rigid and deformable rollers, are used to precondition and deliver the printing fluid from the ink and fount reservoirs to the image carrier. The lithographic printing inks are complex formulated non-Newtonian fluids with high viscoelastic rheological profile and thixotropic behaviour. A set of ink dilutions was produced based on coldset lithographic printing ink diluted in concentration with Butyl-Diglycol. The rheological profile of the produced inks was examined by detailed rheological characterisation with particular interest on viscosity on tack, thixotropy, viscoelasticity, surface tension, extension and shear viscosity. Further examination established the relationships between shear viscosity and tack focusing on a printing nip between a rigid and elastic roller. A decrease in tack was found to be associated with a decrease in shear and the apparent extension viscosity. Developed imprinting and photographic techniques used to capture and characterise the fundamental phenomena of ribbing and misting associated with ink film splitting at the rollers nip in offset printing. Such techniques used to capture the dynamic profile of those mechanisms on a closed loop distribution system by using a tack meter. The detailed profile of those phenomena was characterised with particular interest on the relationship with the fluids rheological profile and the Capillary number. Extension rheometer was also used to analyse the mechanisms of ribbing and misting phenomena by experimental simulation of a printing nip. A factorial experiment was undertaken based on LI8 Orthogonal Array techniques. The parameters of rollers ratio, ink film thickness, temperature, distribution speed, distribution time and inks viscosity were found to have an influence on misting and ribbing phenomena. Results and analysis established responses and interactions between the process parameters but also between ribbing and misting as essential phenomena with the ink transfer mechanisms in lithographic printing process.
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Alamry, Khalid Ahmad Abet. "Flow induced polymer degradation during ink-jet printing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/flow-induced-polymer-degradation-during-inkjetprinting(88d2394a-d6be-4291-ba64-9544932e5279).html.
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The effect of hydrogen bonding interactions on the drop generation of both acid and hydroxyl-containing polymer solutions is reported showing that polymer chain relaxation can be influenced through the use of appropriate polymer co-solvent interactions for polymers having weight average molecular weight (Mw) < 100 kDa. Reported for the first time is evidence of flow-induced polymer degradation during inkjet printing for both poly(methylmethacrylate) and polystyrene in good solvent. Polymers having Mw either less than 100 kDa or greater than approximately 1,000 kDa show no evidence of molecular weight degradation. The lower boundary condition is a consequence of low Deborah number imposed by the printhead geometry and the upper boundary condition due to viscoelastic damping. For intermediate molecular weights the effect is greatest at high elongational strain rate and low solution concentration with higher polydispersity polymers being most sensitive to molecular weight degradation. For low polydispersity samples, PDi £ 1.3 chain breakage is essentially centro-symmetric induced either by overstretching when the strain rate increases well beyond a critical value, that is the stretching rate is high enough to exceed the rate of relaxation or by turbulence. For higher polydispersity samples, PDi chain breakage is consistent with almost random scission along the chain inferring that the forces required to break the chain are additionally transmitted either by valence bonds, i.e. network chains and junctions or discrete entanglements rather than solely by hydrodynamic interaction. Preliminary results are presented on the degradation of molecular structure in water of two galactomannan’s in water after inkjet printing. Galactommann’s are known to form complex H-bonded structures in water and the results are consistent with breaking of the H-bonding structure at low reduced concentration with evidence of main chain breakage at higher reduced concentration, c/c* = 0.25.
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Patel, Navnit. "Development of a technique to measure ink tack." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63385.
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Varadarajam, Parthasarathy. "To determine the drying rate and rewettability characteristics of water based flexographic news inks. /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11522.
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Chambers, Dennet. "A study of lithographic ink and water interactions." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57432/.
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Achieving and maintaining the correct ink/water balance is crucial for acceptable print quality; this involves factors affecting the emulsification of water and ink. This process was investigated with two designed model ink varnishes (one being 'hydrophilic' relative to the other 'hydrophobic' varnish) and two commercial varnishes. The Surland test, widely used to characterise ink/water balance, showed differences in water uptake between inks and corresponding varnishes; however it did not distinguish between the 'hydrophilic' and 'hydrophobic' systems. Thus, the rheology of the systems are considered together with implications to the lithographic process. Rheological studies of creep and flow showed that the hydrophilic and hydrophobic systems behaved differently in the presence of water. The rheology of the ink varnish plays a major role in emulsification and the nature of processes at the interface affecting droplet fragmentation, droplet coalescence and time-dependency. Slippage occurred in the hydrophobic systems to a greater extent compared with the hydrophilic systems increasing with water concentrations from 0 to 25% water. Droplet size distributions of the emulsion depend on temperature and agitation speeds. As emulsions approached dynamic equilibria, mean droplet diameters in the hydrophobic varnish at 70°C and 40°C were found to be ca. 2S and 12 I'm respectively; corresponding mean droplet diameten in the hydrophilic varnish were ca. 20 I'm and 5 I'm. Increase of interfacial tension for both varnishes (ca. 6 mNm-l) between 40°C and 70°C, may not be significant to droplet breakdown. A reduction in viscosity i.e. from 100 to 5 Pas in the hydrophobic varnish and from 300 to 5 Pas for the hydrophilic varnish was the determining factor. Droplet size depends on temperature: e.g. temperature increases led to larger droplets. Viscosity ratios of the continuous and disperse phases account for these effects. Investigating the time-dependency of the system showed that allowing 'rest periods' between episodes of mixing altered the rate and nature of emulsification. Thus using a modified varnish, rest periods of 1 and 3 minutes produced mean droplet diameters in the range of 1.5-1.8 um whereas rest period of 5 minutes produced diameters of 2.3-2.4 I'm indicating that thixotropic recovery which occurs up to 3 minutes, restores the rate of droplet breakdown; whereas, after 5 minutes, coalescence is dominant. Extending the 'rest period' allows time for drainage of a film of continuous phase between two colliding droplets. These time-dependent effects varied with different varnish modifications. The effect of IP A on emulsification was also time-dependent. During 3 minutes of stirring at 900 rpm, the number of droplets below 2 I'm was greater in an emulsion containing IP A than in one containing water only; the situation was reversed after 4 minutes of stirring where the number of droplets below 2 um was lower. A decrease in interfacial viscosity at the varnish/water interface is considered; such a decrease may reduce the effective shear stress at the interface and thus the extent of droplet breakdown.
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Suffield, Sarah Rose. "Modeling the flow of a liquid droplet diffusing into various porous media for inkjet printing applications." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/s_suffield_041808.pdf.
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凌偉明 and Wai-ming Ling. "Study of ink behaviour when adding color to SLS models using ink-jet technology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243393.
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Ling, Wai-ming. "Study of ink behaviour when adding color to SLS models using ink-jet technology /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24702110.
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Momin, Nasar, and nasarhm@gmail com. "Chitosan and improved pigment ink jet printing on textiles." RMIT University. Fashion and Textiles, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081029.154501.
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The purpose of this research was to explore two ways of the application of chitosan, a biopolymer, for ink jet printing of textiles. 1) To apply chitosan as a post-treatment on the fabric ink jet printed with pigment based inks for the fixation of pigments on the fabric. 2) To incorporate chitosan as a binder in pigment based ink jet ink formulations. The incorporation of chitosan was carried out in two ways. 1) Direct addition of chitosan into the ink formulations containing surface modified pigments. 2) Preparation of chitosan encapsulated pigment nanoparticles using complex coacervation technique and using these nanoparticles for the formulation of ink jet ink. The degree of deacetylation (DD) was determined using FTIR spectroscopy. Various protocols proposed by researchers were used to determine the DD of chitosan samples used in the present study. The protocol proposed by Raut was found to be fairly accurate in determining the DD of chitosan samples. The molecular weight of chitosan was estimated using dilute solution viscometry method. The characterisation of the film forming ability of chitosan was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The colour strength (K/S), colour difference, colour characteristics and colour fastness to laundering and rubbing of ink jet printed fabrics post treated with chitosan were evaluated using standard methods. Post-treatment (pad-dry-cure method) of cotton fabric ink jet printed with pigment based inks revealed that chitosan could effectively fix the pigments on cotton compared to the commercial textile binders and the water-soluble derivative of chitosan. The chemical interaction between chitosan and cotton fabric was illustrated by FTIR-ATR analysis and through determination of carboxyl group content. The ink jet printed cotton fabric post treated with 3gpl chitosan (MW 156,156) maintained almost 86% of bacterial reduction against Klebsiella Pneumoniae even after 50 launderings. Inks containing chitosan were formulated and were found to be stable in terms of mean particle size and viscosity over a period of one month and for 4 freeze/thaw cycles. A magenta ink containing chitosan was selected for ink jet printing of cotton fabric. It was found that the DF was around 97% for magenta ink containing chitosan compared to around 53% fixation for magenta ink without chitosan on cotton fabric. Surface modified carbon black pigment with carboxylated (COO-) surface functionality was selected to prepare chitosan encapsulated pigment nanoparticles by complex coacervation technique. Chitosan encapsulated pigment nanoparticles with mean particle size diameter of 876 nm and 742 nm were formed when 5 ml of 0.1% w/v pigment was mixed with 2ml and 3ml of 0.1% w/v chitosan, respectively. However, no correlation was found between the particle size of the nanoparticles formed and the concentration of chitosan. The DF with ink containing chitosan encapsulated pigment nanoparticles was found to be around 98% while the blank ink with only surface modified carbon black pigment showed 44% fixation.
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Zeng, Jianming. "Controlled structure UV curable resins for ink jet printing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8714.
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Jeon, Jessie Sungyun. "Optimization of PZT processing using thermal ink-jet printing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45825.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-29).
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has been known for its strong piezoelectric property for micro-sensors and actuators. Yet, its use in MEMS has been constrained by limitations in processing PZT with current MEMS fabrication technology. The direct printing of PZT, in place of traditional manufacturing process such as spin-coating, enables on-demand deposition, allowing flexibility in thickness and shape of PZT deposition with a lower material cost. This thesis reports the thermal process optimization of the direct printing method to ensure the quality of PZT products. The pyrolysis portion of the thermal processing condition has been analyzed to show that pyrolysis performed at 360°C for 2 hours removes a sufficient amount of organic additives. There also exists a positive correlation for the duration of pyrolysis and the amount of desired perovskite phase crystal structure formed. The multi-layer printing has been experimented to remove the PZT voids in the sample. However, P-V curve or resistivity data were unable to show much improved performance. This is believed to be caused from the degradation of PZT, which were left under humid condition before the final annealing process. Further investigation will be continued to confirm the effect of multi-layer printing.
by Jessie Sungyun Jeon.
S.B.
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Bathurst, Stephen 1980. "Ink jet printing of PZT thin films for MEMS." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78236.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-113).
Of the readily available piezoelectric engineering materials perovskite phase lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has the strongest mechanical to electrical coupling. PZT based devices have the potential to have the highest performance. Due to the strong piezoelectric response and low operating voltage, many groups have worked to integrate thin film PZT into a wide range of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices including: actuators, energy harvesters, resonators, pressure sensors, pumps, nano-positioning stages, and MEMS switches. However, processing of thin film PZT is not readily compatible with existing MEMS fabrication processes and significant design constraints exist when integrating thin film PZT. In recent years drop-on-demand (DOD) printing has been studied as a robust, flexible, and inexpensive method of material deposition for MEMS. Direct printing enables the designer to deposit a film based on a digital pattern file only eliminating the need for photolithography and subsequent etching steps in the manufacturing process flow. There is a significant cost savings due to a reduction in the material consumption during manufacturing and in chemical waste produced. The result is a manufacturing process that is cleaner and cheaper than other common deposition techniques. The most compelling benefit of direct printing of PZT is that it provides a freedom of geometry that eliminates many of the design constraints currently associated with PZT MEMS. Since high quality thin films can be achieved with deposition control that is not possible with spin coating, novel functionalities can be incorporated into PZT MEMS. Specifically, PZT printing is able to deposit material over and around large out-of-plane features. In addition, the thickness of thin film PZT can vary deterministically across a device or across a wafer. A new manufacturing method for the deposition of PZT thin films based on ink jet printing has been developed and used to fabricate a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer. A solvent system and processes parameters were established that enable the deposition of high quality PZT thin films. Substrate temperature and drop spacing for uniform deposition were determined and both multilayer and single layer PZT films were successfully deposited. Alignment within 10[mu]m and a resolution limit of 30[mu]m were demonstrated. The performance of a printed PZT based ultrasonic transducer was fit to established models to determine piezoelectric coupling and dielectric properties. The piezoelectric coupling coefficient, d₃₁, for printed PZT was between -75pC/N and -95pC/N. Impedance data at 1kHz provided the relative permittivity (750-890) and the dielectric loss tangent (2.4%-2.8%). The final printing process enabled the first digital deposition of thin film PZT and the printed PZT based pMUT confirmed the properties of the film are within the range required for a high performance piezoelectric MEMS devices.
by Stephen P. Bathurst.
Ph.D.
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Habib, MD Ahasan. "Designing Bio-Ink for Extrusion Based Bio-Printing Process." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/32045.
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Tissue regeneration using in-vitro scaffold becomes a vital mean to mimic the in-vivo counterpart due to the insufficiency of animal models to predict the applicability of drug and other physiological behavior. Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing is an emerging technology to reproduce living tissue through controlled allocation of biomaterial and cell. Due to its bio-compatibility, natural hydrogels are commonly considered as the scaffold material in bio-printing process. However, repeatable scaffold structure with good printability and shape fidelity is a challenge with hydrogel material due to weak bonding in polymer chain. Additionally, there are intrinsic limitations for bio-printing of hydrogels due to limited cell proliferation and colonization while cells are immobilized within hydrogels and don’t spread, stretch and migrate to generate new tissue. The goal of this research is to develop a bio-ink suitable for extrusion-based bio-printing process to construct 3D scaffold. In this research, a novel hybrid hydrogel, is designed and systematic quantitative characterization are conducted to validate its printability, shape fidelity and cell viability. The outcomes are measured and quantified which demonstrate the favorable printability and shape fidelity of our proposed material. The research focuses on factors associated with pre-printing, printing and post-printing behavior of bio-ink and their biology. With the proposed hybrid hydrogel, 2 cm tall acellular 3D scaffold is fabricated with proper shape fidelity. Cell viability of the proposed material are tested with multiple cell lines i.e. BxPC3, prostate stem cancer cell, HEK 293, and Porc1 cell and about 90% viability after 15-day incubation have been achieved. The designed hybrid hydrogel demonstrate excellent behavior as bio-ink for bio-printing process which can reproduce scaffold with proper printability, shape fidelity and higher cell survivability. Additionally, the outlined characterization techniques proposed here open-up a novel avenue for quantifiable bio-ink assessment framework in lieu of their qualitative evaluation.
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Gu, Wei. "Surface Modification of Pigments and its Role in Offset Ink Setting." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GuW2006.pdf.
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Denneulin, Aurore. "Inkjet printing of conductive inks for RFID technology : Influence of substrate, ink and process." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0075.
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Ce travail examine le potentiel du procédé jet d'encre pour fabriquer des composants électroniques à bas coût. Trois axes de recherche sont explorés: (i) supports, (H) encres conductrices, et (iii) procédé. Les propriétés de surface du support comme la rugosité ou l'énergie de surface apparaissent comme des paramètres fondamentaux influençant la conductivité des pistes imprimées. Une pré-couche pour adapter les supports papiers avec l'électronique imprimée a donc été proposée. Des traitements alternatifs de frittage des encres nanométalliques ont été testés et de nouvelles encres conductrices à base de nanotubes de carbone (NTC) et de pOlymères conducteurs ont été formulées. Ces encres à base de NTC ont été étudiées plus en détail par l'analyse de l'influence du procédé d'impression et son impact sur les performances et l'organisation du réseau de NTCs. Cette étude donne de nouvelles possibilités pour l'électronique imprimée et ouvre la route à de nouvelles applications bas coûtThis work investigates the inkjet printing process to print conductive patterns for producing low cost electronic components. Three fields were explored: (i) substrates, (ii) conductive inks, and (iii) process. Substrate surface properties su ch as roughness or surface energy have a significant impact on conductivity of printed tracks. An innovative solution to make any paper suitable for printed electronics has then been proposed. Infrared and electrical treatments were tested as potential sintering alternatives of nanometallic inks, and new conductive inks based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and conductive polymers were formulated. This new CNT-based ink has been studied more in details by analyzing influence of inkjet printing parameters and their impact on the CNT network organization and on the conductivity. This study represents an important step in the field of printing electronics, and also opens windows to new low cost applications such as smart packaging or flexible electronics
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Hsu, Jui-lin. "A study of ink trapping comparing gravimetric and desitometric methods of measurement /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11333.
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Garcia, Daniel. "An investigation of the relationship between percentage area coverage and ink film trapping /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11897.
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Asokan, Srikumaran. "Color ink-jet printing : evaluation of print quality on different paper substrates /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11478.
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Tian, Olivia Yingnan. "Pigmented and solvent dyed latex systems for ink jet printing on textiles." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8681.
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Bougàs, Aristotelis Platon. "Influence of ink sequence on color's hue and saturation in four color halftone screen printing /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11080.
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Betton, Eleanor Susanne. "Impact and coalescence of ink-jet printed drops." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610068.
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Mhetre, Shamal Kamalakar. "Effect of fabric structure on liquid transport, ink jet drop spreading and printing quality." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28244.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. Radhakrishnaiah Parachuru; Committee Member: Dr. Dong Yao; Committee Member: Dr. Fred Cook; Committee Member: Dr. Wallace Carr; Committee Member: Dr. Yehia El Mogahzy
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Compagnon, Maxime. "Ink-Jet Printing of Color Optical Filters for LCD Applications." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Materialteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2244.
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At the age of multi-media, portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistant and handheld gaming systems have increased the demand for high performance displays with low cost production. Inkjet printing color optical filters (COF) for LCD applications seem to be an interesting alternative to decrease the production costs. The advantage of inkjet printing technology is to be fast, accurate, easy to run and cheaper than other technologies. In this master thesis work, we used various disciplines such as optical microscopy, rheology, inkjet printing, profilometering and colorimetry. The specific aim of the thesis was to investigate the feasibility of using company-A pigment formulation in inkjet production of COF for active matrix LCD applications. Ideal viscosity parameters were determined from 10 to 20mPa·s for easy inkjet printing at room temperature. The red pigments used are fully dispersed into the solvent and present an excellent homogenous repartition after printing. Thickness investigations revealed that the printed COF were equal or slightly thicker than typically manufactured ones. The colorimetry investigations demonstrated color coordinates very close to the NTSC red standard. LED backlighting seems to be a valuable solution to combine with the printed COF regarding to the spectrum and color analysis. The results on this thesis will increase the understanding of inkjet printing company-A pigments to produce COF for LCD applications.
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Sun, Changlong. "Investigation into Ink Transfer Media for the Lithographic Printing Process." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485639.
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This study focused on ink transfer media for the lithographic print process. Rubber blanket is the offset media for ink transfer from plate to substrate. Performance of the rubber blanket is important for successful image reproduction. Thus, this ', project intended to develop a blanket for the lithographic print process that has good sheet release, good ink release, good dot reproduction, good solid reproduction (no pin-holing) and low swelling. The blanket should also maintain its compressibility and be capable of running metallic inks, UV inks· and conventional inks with no significant detrimental effect to the printing surface. Various surface layer compounds for a lithographic print blanket were formulated, with the aid of Minitab, and blankets were made according to the designed formulations. Evaluation work on the blankets for hardness, solvent resistance, critical surface tension, ink transfer, durability and quality of print was then carried out. Consequently, correlations of these characteristics with each blanket material component were studied. It was found that the hardness and the durability of the blanket were influenced by the content of the crosslinking agent and the reinforcing agent within the rubber compound. The solvent resistance and the ink transfer of a 'blanket were influenced by the content of nitrile within the rubber compound. The critical surface tension could be controlled by the change of speed of compound drying and the ingredients or by surface treatment. Following the studies carried, a blanket having significantly improved performance properties was developed. Also, interactions between blanket wash solvents and surface layer' rubber of blanket were studied with the help of FT-IR and GC-MS. It was found that solvent penetration into the surface rubber of a blanket, upon prolonged contact, was the main cause for blanket swell. Plasticisers were easily extracted from the surface rubber of a blanket by the blanket wash solvent, which resulted in a c:1taD&e I()i performance.
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Hu, Qi-Ang. "UV curable resin for ink jet printing on textile substrates." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8550.
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Zhang, Yuqian. "Development of a custom ink-jet printing system for textiles." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502764.
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Day, R. F. "Boundary integral simulations of inviscid flows in ink-jet printing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598431.
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Numerical simulations using a boundary integral method are used to model three inviscid fluid flows with surface tension. The problems considered are the motions of a free drop, the self-similarity in the shape of inviscid pinchoff, and the evolution of a finite jet. Various shapes of drops are studied, and their frequencies of oscillation are compared to result in the literature. Non-linear shapes are evolved, simulating a drop after ejection from a finite jet, which determines whether the drop holds together or forms satellites. Special numerical techniques are added to the code for free drops in order to model the pinchoff process. Evidence is found for a similarity solution for inviscid pinchoff which adopts a double-cone shape with one cone angle greater than 90°. A novel result is that the two cone angles are always about 18.1° and 112.8° independent of the initial conditions. The potential far from the pinchoff region in the numerical simulations is shown to match with certain scalings expected from a similarity solution. A model of a finite axisymmetric jet evolving from a fixed nozzle is used to simulate various conditions of drop ejection. Driven by a time-dependent backpressure, the jet forms a neck due to surface tension and pinches off. Various backpressure functions are imposed which cause different shapes of jets to emerge. The model is intended to simulate a drop-on-demand ink-jet printing process for which the optimum result is a fast, satellite-free drop that can be ejected repeatably.
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Beynon, David George. "Plate to substrate ink transfer in the flexographic printing process." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595861.
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Investigations have been conducted into the transfer of ink from the plate to the substrate in flexographic printing. Four experimental trials have been conducted at full press scale in order to investigate process parameters including substrate type and the effect of over printing previously printed ink. In order that the shape of printed dots could be analysed methods for the determination of plate dot circularity and printed dot circularity were developed. Accurate measurement of the printing plates used in the experimental investigations has revealed significant differences in nominally identical patches within the same plate. Dot size and geometry was found to be permanently altered through the application of pressure in the plate/anilox nip. The volume of ink supplied to the plate is found to have the largest effect on ink transfer to the substrate. Increases in anilox volume and engagement between plate and substrate are found to increase ink spreading. Decreasing viscosity reduces ink transfer to the plate from the anilox which in tum results in lower ink spreading for individual dots. Joined dots however show an increase in ink spreading due to increased entrapment of ink at the nip entrance. The shape of printed dots is found to be affected by the volume of ink transfer and by engagement. Larger dot volumes increase dot circularity and larger engagements reduce dot circularity. The effect of under printed ink on ink transfer of subsequently printed ink is dependent on the coverage of under printed ink and the substrate being printed. For non porous substrate the under printed ink acts as a barrier to ink spreading. On porous substrate the density of samples is increased due to the under print filling surface pores increasing ink spreading for subsequently printed ink. The effect of under print is visible for all substrates and over print coverage's.
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Hamblyn, Anja. "Effect of plate characteristics on ink transfer in flexographic printing." Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42827.
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Malikhao, Patchanee. "The application of CIE LAB to study trapping efficiency /." Online version of thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10145.
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Tangvichachan, Theera. "Conversion of solid ink density and dot gain specifications into colorimetric specifications /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11886.
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