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Journal articles on the topic 'Print inspection'
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1
FANT, E. W., and K. YEEN FOO. "Automated print inspection for cylindrical surfaces." International Journal of Production Research 32, no. 8 (August 1994): 1811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549408957043.
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Hodgson, Alan. "The Smartphone as a Security Print Inspection Tool." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 2018, no. 1 (September 23, 2018): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2018.34.189.
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Li, X. Y. "An Online Jewelry Cert Print Service Based on Web Service." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1808.
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For implementing jewelry cert print in the web environment, based on web service and ActiveX technology, an online jewelry cert print service is proposed by encapsulation the jewelry cert print module running in the local network environment. The service can implement the cert typesetting and batch print, and can communicate soap message with other web services. The practicability and validity of the online jewelry cert print service is verified through the application in the jewelry inspection business management system.
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Zbrowski, Andrzej, Tomasz Samborski, and Eugeniusz Matras. "A System for Graphic Personalisation of Cards and Paper Sheets." Solid State Phenomena 220-221 (January 2015): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.220-221.905.
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The article presents the structure and operation of the developed system for graphic personalisation of cards and paper sheets. The system is responsible for the input of unique graphics in the form of prints corresponding with suitable data recorded in the memory of a microprocessor. In the verification process, an electronic record is compared with alphanumerical information, and the conformity of digital graphics with the print is checked. The system was used in the construction of a process line for producing RFID-secured documents. The system has a modular structure and is composed of two modules responsible for the prints and automatic verification of graphic personalisation. The printing module enables the application of the print in the form of alphanumerical signs or unique graphic symbols and a barcode, which is conducted according to the structure of the database from which information on personalisation is obtained. The verification module compares the electronic record from the microprocessor with alphanumerical information and checks whether digital graphics agree with the print. Printing is performed using an inkjet printhead, whereas for the verification process, a digital line scan camera is applied. Mechatronic positioning systems enable the printhead and camera shift freely along the print and inspection area and allow changes in positioning speed parameters.
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Sari, Rizqy Kartika, and Denny A. Wahyudiono. "Risk Management on Print Checking of Plastic Sacks Production in Sidoarjo Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v9i1.2020.55-65.
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Introduction: Risk management is a management activity that aims to reduce risk to prevent negative impact. Calculation of the amount of risk was carried out to then determine whether the risk was acceptable. In printing activities, contact between humans and machines is unavoidable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of occupational safety management in the activity of print checking on stamping stage of plastic sacks production in Sidoarjo, Indonesia by conducting hazard identification, risk assessment which includes risk analysis and risk evaluation, control assessment, and residual risk assessment. This is an observational study with a cross sectional design. Methods: Data included primary and secondary data. Primary data were taken by interview and observation. Secondary data were taken from work accident data. Results: A total of 6 hazards were identified. Risk assessment recorded 2 low hazards category 2 medium hazards category, and 2 high risk hazards. Administrative control in the form of inspection and the use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) were implemented. Residual risk assessment shows that the implementation of controls was not optimal. The results of the residual risk assessment indicate that several risk categories fell into a lower category i.e 4 low hazards category and 2 high risk category hazards. Conclusion: The applied risk management has not been optimally implemented. It is recommended that the implementation of inspections is scheduled and a system for recording and reporting inspection findings is established. Keywords: hazard, printing checks, risk management
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Mehle, Andraž, Marko Bukovec, Boštjan Likar, and Dejan Tomaževič. "Print registration for automated visual inspection of transparent pharmaceutical capsules." Machine Vision and Applications 27, no. 7 (July 25, 2016): 1087–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00138-016-0797-z.
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Heiss-Czedik, Dorothea, Reinhold Huber-Mörk, Daniel Soukup, Harald Penz, and Beatriz López García. "Demosaicing algorithms for area- and line-scan cameras in print inspection." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 20, no. 6 (August 2009): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2009.04.003.
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CHANG, MING-CHING, CHIOU-SHANN FUH, and HSIEN-YEI CHEN. "FAST SEARCH ALGORITHMS FOR INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 15, no. 04 (June 2001): 675–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001401001039.
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This paper presents an efficient general purpose search algorithm for alignment and an applied procedure for IC print mark quality inspection. The search algorithm is based on normalized cross-correlation and enhances it with a hierarchical resolution pyramid, dynamic programming, and pixel over-sampling to achieve subpixel accuracy on one or more targets. The general purpose search procedure is robust with respect to linear change of image intensity and thus can be applied to general industrial visual inspection. Accuracy, speed, reliability, and repeatability are all critical for the industrial use. After proper optimization, the proposed procedure was tested on the IC inspection platforms in the Mechanical Industry Research Laboratories (MIRL), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Taiwan. The proposed method meets all these criteria and has worked well in field tests on various IC products.
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Soukup, Daniel, Ulrich Bodenhofer, Markus Mittendorfer-Holzer, and Konrad Mayer. "Semi-automatic identification of print layers from a sequence of sample images: A case study from banknote print inspection." Image and Vision Computing 27, no. 8 (July 2009): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2008.08.008.
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Ji, Guangchao, Tao Ding, Jianzhuang Xiao, Shupeng Du, Jun Li, and Zhenhua Duan. "A 3D Printed Ready-Mixed Concrete Power Distribution Substation: Materials and Construction Technology." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091540.
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Currently, 3D concrete printing technology is not yet able to print ready-mixed concrete with coarse aggregates. Based on an independently developed 3D printing construction equipment system and optimized concrete materials, a 3D concrete printer that can directly print ready-mixed concrete is developed. This paper introduces the whole 3D printing process for one power distribution substation in detail, including the printing equipment, key software, concrete preparation, printing process, and construction inspection. This investigation will provide valuable design and construction experience for the future construction of 3D concrete printing.
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SÖDERGÅRD, CAJ, RAIMO LAUNONEN, and JUUSO ÄIKÄS. "INSPECTION OF COLOUR PRINTING QUALITY." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 10, no. 02 (March 1996): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001496000104.
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The use of machine vision technology is being investigated at VTT for improving the colour quality and productivity of web offset printing. The visual inspection of colour quality is performed by a colour CCD camera which traverses the moving web under a stroboscopic light. The measuring locations and goal values for the colour register, the ink density and the grey balance are automatically determined from the PostScript™ description of the digital page. A set of criteria is used to find the most suitable spots for the measurements. In addition to providing data for on-line control, the page analysis estimates the zone wise link consumption of the printing plates as a basis for presetting the ink feed. Target calorimetric CIE-values for grey balance and critical colours are determined from the image originals. The on-line measurement results and their derivations from the target values are displayed in an integrated manner. The paper gives test results of computation times, measurements of register error with and without test targets and the colour measuring capabilities of the system. The results show that machine vision can be used for on-line inspection of colour print quality. This makes it possible to upgrade older printing presses to produce a colour quality that is competitive with more modern presses.
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Wang, Yun Ying, Qi Lan Huang, and Gong Yuan Yang. "The Application of Intelligent Laser Sensor on Yarn Quality Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.35.
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In order to improve the modernization of textile production, single off-line testing will miss a lot of information of work-field. It is necessary to improve the yarn quality testing methods to make it more perfect. So the production will grow toward the rapid, high yield, high-quality. In this study, only a sensor that is Intelligent laser sensor is used to finish the yarn quality on line testing. Experimental device is easy to install and carry. It can print images and data at all times. The accurate information of equipment state and yarn can be got from the experimental curve and the trend figure, which improved the inspection efficiency and accuracy of yarn quality.
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Fürtler, Johannes, Peter Rössler, Jörg Brodersen, Herbert Nachtnebel, Konrad J. Mayer, Gerhard Cadek, and Christian Eckel. "Design Considerations for Scalable High-Performance Vision Systems Embedded in Industrial Print Inspection Machines." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/71794.
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Fürtler, Johannes, Peter Rössler, Jörg Brodersen, Herbert Nachtnebel, KonradJ Mayer, Gerhard Cadek, and Christian Eckel. "Design Considerations for Scalable High-Performance Vision Systems Embedded in Industrial Print Inspection Machines." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2007, no. 1 (2007): 071794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-3963-2007-071794.
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Chen, Li, and Wan You Tang. "Research on Image Detection Technology of Printing Based on Dynamic Partitioning Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.377.
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Nowadays, many domestic printing enterprises still rely on artificial visual means to weed out waste, labor-intensive, time-consuming, subjective factors serious influence, the test results not being uniform, especially with the improvement of printing speed, gradually unable to meet the needs of the production. In order to solve the problems in the conventional assay and promote the development of China's printing industry productivity, there is an urgent need to develop the quality of printing online full screen detection system, with the rapid development of modern printing technology, the objective is to test and evaluate. In this paper, machine vision inspection technology, digital image processing technology is used in order to achieve the online testing and feedback of print quality. Dynamic partitioning method is based on standard proofs and proofs of defective segmentation and matching. According to the type of image resolution and the desired accuracy of detecting the type of design image segmentation method, thereby performing the detection and analysis of the color information. Secondary identification defect classification technology is used to change the defect classification, and then display the corresponding defect types. Compared with the traditional printing quality, the high detection print quality inspection speed and precision requirements have been reached, thereby the overall quality of the printed product is improved.
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BOHLIN, ERIK, CAISA JOHANNSON, and MAGNUS LESTELIUS. "Flexographic ink-coating interactions: effects of latex variations in coating layers." April 2016 15, no. 4 (May 1, 2016): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.4.253.
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The effect of coating structure variations on flexographic print quality was studied using pilot-coated paperboard samples with different latex content and latex particle sizes. Two latexes, with particle sizes of 120 nm and 160 nm, were added at either 12 parts per hundred (pph) or 18 pph to the coating formulation. The samples were printed with full tone areas at print forces of 25 N and 50 N in a laboratory flexographic printing press using a waterbased ink. A high ratio of uncovered areas (UCAs) could be detected for the samples that contained 18 pph latex printed at a print force of 25 N. UCAs decreased with increased print force and with decreased amounts of latex in the coating formulation. The fraction of latex covered area on the coating surface was estimated to be 0.35–0.40 for the 12 pph, and 0.70–0.75 for the 18 pph samples. The ink penetration depth into the coating layer could be linked to the fraction of latex-free areas on the coating surface. Optical cross section microscopy indicated that a higher printing force did not increase the depth of penetrated ink to any greater extent. Higher printing force did increase contact between plate and substrate, leading to an improved distribution of the ink. This, in turn, increased print density and decreased UCAs. On closer inspection, the UCAs could be categorized as being induced by steep topographic changes. When appearing at other locations, they were more likely to be caused by poor wetting of the surface. To understand the wetting behavior of the coating surface, observed contact angles were compared with calculated contact angles on surfaces of mixed composition.
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Agustian, Dodi, Lolyta Prima Wardiana, and Herman M. Kaharmen. "Rancang Bangun Daily Pre-Trip Inspection (Rampcheck) Berbasis Web (Studi Kasus SBU Pemeliharaan Perum PPD)." Jurnal Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan (Indonesian Journal of Road Safety) 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46447/ktj.v5i1.57.
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Daily Pre-Trip Inspection is an activity of checking vehicle (rampcheck) conducted before the vehicleoperate in highway. Perum PPD is one of the Public Company in the field of transport Jabodetabekarea. Many communities who are passionate about public transport, making the government increasesthe operational bus to Perum PPD 400 units in the year 2015. With the number of vehicles inoperation, also needed an efficient time on checking system. With the Daily Pre-Trip Inspection-basedwebsite as a new innovation in the checking system is expected to help the system of data collectionand storage of secure data quickly and accurately.In the process of the website using the R & D(Research and Development), which includes the analysis, design, development, implementation andevaluation using a MySQL database and PHP programming. The functionality of this website for theimportation, storage and report generation data checks the vehicle with 4 menu main menu; datainput, print the data, setting data and user profile settings.With a system of checks Daily Pre-TripInspection web-based, can facilitate the distribution of data and improve the effectiveness of time.
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Shi, Rui Zhi, Kai Bo Fan, Xiao Zhou, Kun Yang, and Han Zhong Shi. "Study on the Model of Chromaticity Closed-Loop Control for Print Online Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.291.
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The print online detection technology contains wide range of content, for instance alignment inspection, defect detection and color detection, among them the color detection is the most difficult. In this paper, IGT printability tester is used to produce different ink film thickness samples of the yellow, magenta, cyan, black and map spot colors brown, blue, green, red, purple and other colors. Based on large number of experiment data collected, though mathematical modeling, data analysis, experimental validation and model updating, a closed-loop control model and techniques based on the chromaticity detection are proposed. By establishing the model of the relationship between the chromaticity value and the ink film thickness, the relationship between the ink film thickness and the ink key opening, the numerical calculation between the chromaticity and the ink key opening is achieved. The basic method of chromaticity closed-loop control is: when printing began, the model calculates the initial ink key opening with the ink preset algorithm, and set the ink key opening. After entering the print state, the model detects the RGB value of print by the machine vision technology, and converts the RGB value to CIE LAB values by color space conversion and gamut mapping. Then the model compares the Lab values with the standard values, determines whether the color-difference overrun. If the color-difference is within the allowable range, the model maintains the original amount of ink and ink key opening. If it exceeds the limit value, the model quickly calculates the deviation of the ink amount, and offers the ink key opening which is corresponding to the adjustment, feedbacks it to the print control center, resulting in the ink key response in order to achieve the real-time adjustment of the print ink amount. Compared with the control method of the ink amount based on density detection, the chromatic detection method is more accurate, and has better application prospects.
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Valero, Eva M., Yu Hu, Javier Hernández-Andrés, Timo Eckhard, Juan L. Nieves, Javier Romero, Markus Schnitzlein, and Dietmar Nowack. "Comparative performance analysis of spectral estimation algorithms and computational optimization of a multispectral imaging system for print inspection." Color Research & Application 39, no. 1 (July 31, 2012): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.21763.
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Vallabhajosyula, Phani. "Ultra-Thin, Fine-Pitch Step Stencils For Miniature Component Assembly." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2017, DPC (January 1, 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2017dpc-poster_vallabhajosyula.
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Mixed technology applications for Flip-Chip (FC) / SMT require special step stencil designs where flux is printed first for the FC and SMD paste printed next with a second stencil that has a relief pocket etched or formed in the FC area. Step stencils are used when varying stencil thicknesses are required to print into cavities or on elevated surfaces or to provide relief for certain features on a board. In the early days of SMT assembly, Step Stencils were used to reduce the stencil thickness for 25 mil pitch leaded device apertures. Thick metal stencils that have both relief-etch pockets and reservoir step pockets are very useful for paste reservoir printing. However as SMT requirements became more complex and consequently more demanding so did the requirements for complex Step Stencils. Electroform Step-Up Stencils for ceramic BGA's and RF Shields are a good solution to achieve additional solder paste height on the pads of these components as well as providing exceptional paste transfer for smaller components like uBGAs and 0201s. As the components are getting smaller, for example 0201m, or as the available real estate for component placement on a board is getting smaller – finer is the aperture size and pitch on the stencils. Aggressive distances from step wall to aperture are also required. Ultra-thin stencils with thicknesses in the order of 40um with steps of 13um are used to obtain desired print volume. These applications and the associated stencil design to achieve a solution will be discussed in detail in this paper. Various print experiments will be conducted and print quality will be determined by visual inspection and 3D measurement of the paste deposit to understand the volume transfer efficiency.
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Lim, Christopher, Yangchung Lee, and Lawrence Kulinsky. "Fabrication of a Malaria-Ab ELISA Bioassay Platform with Utilization of Syringe-Based and 3D Printed Assay Automation." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100502.
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We report on the fabrication of a syringe-based platform for automation of a colorimetric malaria-Ab assay. We assembled this platform from inexpensive disposable plastic syringes, plastic tubing, easily-obtainable servomotors, and an Arduino microcontroller chip, which allowed for system automation. The automated system can also be fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) to print elastomeric reservoirs (used instead of syringes), while platform framework, including rack and gears, can be printed with fused deposition modeling (FDM). We report on the optimization of FDM and SLA print parameters, as well as post-production processes. A malaria-Ab colorimetric test was successfully run on the automated platform, with most of the assay reagents dispensed from syringes. Wash solution was dispensed from an SLA-printed elastomeric reservoir to demonstrate the feasibility of both syringe and elastomeric reservoir-based approaches. We tested the platform using a commercially available malaria-Ab colorimetric assay originally designed for spectroscopic plate readers. Unaided visual inspection of the assay solution color change was sufficient for qualitative detection of positive and negative samples. A smart phone application can also be used for quantitative measurement of the assay color change.
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Liu, Yue, Liam Blunt, Feng Gao, and Xiangqian Jiang. "A Simple Calibration Method for a Fringe Projection System Embedded within an Additive Manufacturing Machine." Machines 9, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9090200.
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In additive manufacturing (AM), especially for advanced powder fusion machines, it is of high importance to develop an in situ inspection system to monitor the printed surface and pre-print powder bed as the build cycle proceeds. Consequently, high resolution, high precision and fast detection measurement systems need to be investigated, as such optically based measurement systems can provide feedback for manufacturing process optimisation. Fringe projection technology has a great advantage in the measurement of topography in such environments. The implementation of a fringe projection system requires that the system is pre-calibrated in order to obtain high measurement resolution and repeatability. This paper presents a simple calibration method for an AM-based in situ fringe projection system using a phase-depth calibration model. If a calibration plate with certificated marks is used, however, the texture of the plate will affect the measured phase accuracy. A simple calibration method to reduce the calibration plate texture effect in the process of calibration is outlined. Experimental results show that the proposed method can eliminated these effects and improve measurement resolution and repeatability. The proposed in situ/in process inspection technique has been implemented within a commercial electron beam powder bed fusion additive manufacturing machine (EBAM), to demonstrate the capability for effective feedback during the manufacturing process.
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Metzger, Dominik, Joachim Meeß, Michael Heine, and Thomas Henke. "Assessment of Secondary Fiber Print-Through Effects on Class-A CFRP Parts Produced with Highly Cost Efficient Processes." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.569.
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Cost-optimized materials and processes are the key to high-performance components at attractive production costs. This study shows that non crimp fabrics (NCF) used as inner layers of high performance Class-A cfrp parts can lead to unwanted print-through effects on Class-A composite surfaces, even though they are not the surface layer. This surface distortion that is expressed in scattered lines in the direction of inner NCF layers can lead to high reject rates and is normally first noticed in the painted state. The presented methodology is able to quantify this secondaryprint-through effect for cured composites as well as for the dry textile intermediates. The surface can be measured with conventional measuring techniques, such as laser triangulation or interferometers, and characterized with the standardized values Sz and Sz25. The results show that the visible and measurable more uneven surface of a 50k biaxial NCF leads to significantly higher Sz and Sz25 values in the dry textile and the cured component. Also the regularity of the measured textiles can be detected by determining the variation of different areas of a 800 by 800mm sized sample. The presented methodology has the potential to optimize the incoming goods inspection of high volume Class-A composite manufacturers, as well as the requirement-orientated and cost-efficient development of textile intermediates by suppliers.
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Nowacki, J., and N. Sieczkiewicz. "Problems of determination of MultiJet 3D printing distortions using a 3D scanner." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 103 (May 1, 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1771.
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Purpose: Analysis and the review of 3D scanning methods, methods of combining 3D scans and tables available on the market (rotary, tilt and turn) as non-destructive testing systems of polymer materials. As the problem of deformation testing of elements produced by 3D printing is relatively novel, so far a small number of publications on this subject have been observed in terms of current solutions in the area of methodology and devices. Design/methodology/approach: 3D print samples have been prepared using MultiJet Printing (MJP), also called PolyJet Printing. The first sample was left in a UV oven and the second one in a dark cabinet, without access to sunlight (standard conditions 23/50 as described in ISO 554:1976). Non-contact structured blue light 3D metrology grade scanner was used to capture the entire part geometry for inspection. A comparison of subsequent scans after postcuring with reference scans after printing can indicate dimensional changes. The resulting scans are detailed enough to monitor shape and size changes over time. Findings: Universal 3D printing model beneficial in distortion analysis has been proposed. The method of evaluating 3D print distortions was verified using a metrology class 3D scanner. The results of this study show that deformations are declining through time to near the same values, the only difference is the rate of change of dimensions. Practical implications: Due to popularity and lower cost of polymer 3D printing, in comparison to metal 3D printing, an initial attempt to analyse the distortion of the locally melted substrate was done using MultiJet 3D printing with photopolymer material. The universal 3D print test part was proposed for verification of 3D printing deformations. Finally, the framework for the determination of 3D printing distortions is presented, taking into account the influence of UV postcuring. Originality/value: Analysis of a method to measure 3D printing distortions using a metrology grade 3D scanner is presented in the paper. Recently, this matter is becoming more and more important because many prototypes are increasingly produced by 3D printing and 3D printing distortions may cause many difficulties during the manufacturing and assembly process.
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Szymanik, Barbara, Grzegorz Psuj, Maryam Hashemi, and Przemyslaw Lopato. "Detection and Identification of Defects in 3D-Printed Dielectric Structures via Thermographic Inspection and Deep Neural Networks." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154168.
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In this paper, we propose a new method based on active infrared thermography (IRT) applied to assess the state of 3D-printed structures. The technique utilized here—active IRT—assumes the use of an external energy source to heat the tested material and to create a temperature difference between undamaged and defective areas, and this temperature difference is possible to observe with a thermal imaging camera. In the case of materials with a low value of thermal conductivity, such as the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic printout tested in the presented work, the obtained temperature differences are hardly measurable. Hence, the proposed novel IRT method is complemented by a dedicated algorithm for signal analysis and a multi-label classifier based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). For the initial testing of the presented methodology, a 3D printout made in the shape of a cuboid was prepared. One type of defect was tested—surface breaking holes of various depths and diameters that were produced artificially by inclusion in the printout. As a result of examining the sample via the IRT method, a sequence of thermograms was obtained, which enabled the examination of the temporal representation of temperature variation over the examined region of the material. First, the obtained signals were analysed using a new algorithm to enhance the contrast between the background and the defect areas in the 3D print. In the second step, the DCNN was utilised to identify the chosen defect parameters. The experimental results show the high effectiveness of the proposed hybrid signal analysis method to visualise the inner structure of the sample and to determine the defect and size, including the depth and diameter.
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Shin, Dong-Youn, and Minsung Kim. "Rapid jetting status inspection and accurate droplet volume measurement for a piezo drop-on-demand inkjet print head using a scanning mirror for display applications." Review of Scientific Instruments 88, no. 2 (February 2017): 025109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4975094.
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Jamali, Amir A., Douglas Rowland, and Kristen N. Vandewalker. "Extensive Recontouring of the Femoral Head with Osteochondral Allografting: A Case Report with Histological and MicroCT Analysis." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2019 (November 21, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6956391.
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Morphological abnormalities such as cam deformity or growth disturbances can have a detrimental effect on the smooth function of the hip joint. This case reports an attempt to salvage the hip joint of a young patient with a posttraumatic growth disturbance of the femoral head using a fresh osteochondral allograft. This treatment has been used very rarely in the femoral head due to the presumed tenuous blood supply of the head and the perceived risk of nonunion or progressive avascular necrosis. The patient in this case had persistent pain and mechanical symptoms leading to hip replacement. A detailed analysis of the retrieved femoral head demonstrated durability and healing of the grafts based on gross inspection, histology of bone and cartilage, and microCT analysis. This case is the first report to our knowledge of a detailed histological and radiographic analysis of the fate of osteochondral allografts of the femoral head. We hope that this case provides justification for the use of osteochondral allografts of the femoral head for other indications such as femoral head fractures, avascular necrosis, and benign epiphyseal tumors of the femoral head in an effort to avoid arthroplasty in young patients. The authors have obtained the patient’s informed written consent for print and electronic publication of the case report.
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Alarcón-Elbal, P. M., M. A. Rodríguez-Sosa, B. C. Newman, and W. B. Sutton. "The First Record of Aedes vittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Dominican Republic: Public Health Implications of a Potential Invasive Mosquito Species in the Americas." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 6 (August 11, 2020): 2016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa128.
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Abstract Aedes vittatus Bigot is distributed throughout Africa, tropical Asia, and southern Europe and occurs in sylvatic as well as peridomestic environments where it readily feeds on humans. Although the vectorial capacity of Ae. vittatus is not well understood, this species is known to play a role in the maintenance and transmission of yellow fever, Zika, chikungunya, and dengue virus within its native range. In October 2019, after a routine inspection of mosquito-breeding containers in Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic, two Ae. vittatus females were captured via human landing catch method. After this finding, a CDC miniature light trap was deployed at the point of initial detection from 18:00 to 08:00 h, 2 d/wk from 3 to 31 October 2019. Potential larval habitats were also sampled via traditional dip method once per week spanning a 150 m radius from point of initial detection. In addition to the 2 adult females, 10 female and 2 male Ae. vittatus were captured. One Ae. vittatus larva also was found in a small puddle formed by an animal hoof print. Conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm morphological identification of collected specimens. This is the first detection of Ae. vittatus in the Dominican Republic as well as the Americas. Therefore, enhanced surveillance is needed to better understand the range and public health risks this potential invasive mosquito species may pose in the Dominican Republic, other Caribbean Islands, and/or the Americas.
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Ding, Fang, Shu-ang Peng, and John S. Hartung. "Enhanced Serologically Based Detection of Liberibacters Associated with Citrus Huanglongbing." Plant Disease 104, no. 6 (June 2020): 1584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-19-2679-sc.
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‘Candidatus Liberibacter spp.’ are associated with the most devastating disease of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). In previous work, we established an in situ tissue print method for the detection of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ (CLas) in sweet orange. We optimized the protocol by preincubation of the anti-Omp antibody with 5% (w/v) extract of healthy rough lemon. This simple process eliminated cross reactions between citrus and the antibody. The optimized protocol enhanced the application of the polyclonal antibody, and we demonstrate detection of CLas from all parts of the world, including isolates from Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, the United States, and a selection of strains from China representative of the diversity extant there. The assay also was used to detect four isolates of ‘Ca. L. africanus’ (CLaf) representative of the diversity present in South Africa. The corresponding outer membrane genes of representative isolates were cloned and sequenced. The coding sequences were highly conserved, and isolates of CLas and CLaf shared 53.8 to 55.9% identity between species at the amino acid level. The optimized protocol is efficient for recognition of both CLas and CLaf in phloem cells of different citrus tissues regardless of geographic origin of the HLB samples. The method is simple and scales well to match the urgent need for accurate, sensitive, and high-throughput screening of HLB bacteria, and may play an important role especially for plant inspection and quarantine programs.
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Lindhout, Paul, Karel van der Werff, and Genserik L. L. M. E. Reniers. "Improving Education and Training of Dutch Major Hazard Control Inspectors: A 15 Years Longitudinal Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 1959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061959.
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The education and training program for inspectors of Major Accident Hazard Establishments, specifically the EC Seveso III directive implicated Dutch chemical companies, changed considerably over a fifteen year period. This longitudinal, time-series cross sectional case study describes the development of the education and training program for Major Hazard Control inspectors, acting as regulators from the Labour inspectorate, belonging to the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. A blueprint had to be constructed in order to assess the development and quality of this program in four cross sections over time. The description highlights both the safety related content and the regulator skills parts of the program in its changing context. Professional standards, educational objectives, quality of education, evaluation method, education change process and the response to the dynamic operational environment were examined. The main findings are that the education and training program kept the same main structure over the time period while its contents were adapted to respond to external context changes. Internal evaluation of performance data and education style led to a shift in contents from theoretical knowledge towards safety management and inspection practice oriented experience related knowledge. An active teaching style, increased usage of professional standards and more systematic evaluation, starting from the blue print in this study, offer the best opportunities for further improvement. Current insights on regulatory performance lead to a recommended future perspective for the inspectors’ role to be translated into education and training: balancing empathy, inquisitiveness and support with control and enforcement, or rather: exert tough love, staying between too soft and too hard.
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Nakagawa, Yusuke, Lisa A. Fortier, Jeremy J. Mao, Chang Hun Lee, Margaret B. Goodale, Matthew F. Koff, Tyler J. Uppstrom, et al. "Long-term Evaluation of Meniscal Tissue Formation in 3-dimensional–Printed Scaffolds With Sequential Release of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and TGF-β3 in an Ovine Model." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 11 (August 6, 2019): 2596–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519865513.
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Background: Artificial meniscal scaffolds are being developed to prevent development of osteoarthritis after meniscectomy. Previously, it was reported that 3-dimensional (3D) anatomic scaffolds loaded with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) achieved meniscal regeneration in an ovine model. This was a relatively short-term study (3 months postoperative), and outcome analyses did not include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose: To evaluate long-term outcome of meniscal replacement with growth factor–laden poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Anatomically shaped ovine meniscal scaffolds were fabricated from PCL with a 3D printer based on MRI data. Skeletally mature sheep (N = 34) were randomly allocated to 3 groups: scaffold without growth factor (0-µg group), scaffold with CTGF microspheres (µS) (5 µg) + TGF-β3 µS (5 µg) (5-µg group), and scaffold with CTGF µS (10 µg) + TGF-β3 µS (10 µg) (10-µg group). Unilateral medial meniscal replacement was performed. Animals were euthanized at 6 or 12 months. Regenerated meniscus, articular cartilage status, and synovial reaction were evaluated quantitatively with gross inspection, histology, and MRI. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used to compare the 3 groups. Results: Remnants of the PCL scaffold were evident in the 6-month specimens and were decreased but still present at 12 months in most animals. There were no significant differences among groups in gross inspection, histology, or MRI for either meniscal regeneration or articular cartilage protection. All experimental groups exhibited articular cartilage degeneration as compared with control (nonoperated). In terms of synovitis, there were no clear differences among groups, suggesting that growth factors did not increase inflammation and fibrosis. MRI revealed that meniscal extrusion was observed in most animals (82.7%). Conclusion: Previously, the combination of CTGF and TGF-β3 was shown to stimulate mesenchymal stem cells into a fibrochondrocyte lineage. CTGF and TGF-β3 did not aggravate synovitis, suggesting no adverse response to the combination of 3D-printed PCL scaffold combined with CTGF and TGF-β3. Further work will be required to improve scaffold fixation to avoid meniscal extrusion. Clinical Relevance: A significant advantage of this technique is the ability to print custom-fit scaffolds from MRI-generated templates. In addition, average-size menisci could be printed and available for off-the-shelf applications. Based on the 1-year duration of the study, the approach appears to be promising for meniscal regeneration in humans.
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Snezhkov, D. "On the calibration dependencies designing for concrete strength testing by sclerometric nondestructive metods." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency, no. 45 (October 16, 2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2020.45.16-25.
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Sclerometric methods of testing concrete, in particular, the rebound hammer testing, retain their positions as the most common indirect methods for concrete strength determining in situ. They are used as a means for technological testing during the buildings construction, as well as during their inspection during maintenance. Indirect parameters of current sclerometric devices are usually point-values: the rebound index, the diameter and depth of the print, the duration of the indenter insertion process, and the maximum interaction force. However, the lack of an unambiguous relationship between these parameters and the strength of concrete leads to additional uncertainty of the test result, which is one of the problems of sclerometric methods of concrete control. The instability of the calibration dependencies of the method is also observed. Even strict compliance with the requirements of the procedure does not guarantee the repeatability of the obtained dependencies.The article considers the possibility of improving metrological indicators of calibration dependencies of sclerometric methods by introducing an additional parameter-concrete humidity. The possibility of combining two sclerometric methods – the elastic rebound method and the shock pulse method is also considered. Data were obtained on concrete samples with a curing time of 25..60 days. Two-parameter calibration dependencies, including concrete humidity as an additional parameter, allowed for all experimental series of samples to reduce the residual mean square deviation of the calibration dependence of elastic rebound and shock pulse methods by 10%..16%, and to consistently provide the minimum acceptable value of the correlation coefficient r = 0.7 for the studied concrete compositions. The influence of concrete heterogeneity on the readings of sclerometric test methods is considered.The developed method of constructing two-parameter calibration dependencies can be recommended for inclusion in the current standards governing the determination of the strength of concrete structures under construction.
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Rahman, Farzana, and Avisak Bhattacharjee. "Awareness Level of Cervical Cancer among Rural Women Attending Manikgonj 250-Bedded District Hospital, Manikgonj." Journal of Enam Medical College 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v9i1.39902.
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Background: Cervical cancer is a typically slow-growing cancer that may not have symptoms, but can be early diagnosed by Pap smear and Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid (VIA). The burden of the disease is increasing in developing countries day by day due to the ascending trend of transmissible diseases such as HIV and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness regarding cervical cancer among the women attending outpatient department of Manikgonj 250-bedded district hospital, Manikgonj.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among the women attending the OPD of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Manikgonj 250-bedded district hospital from June, 2017 to October, 2017. The respondents were selected by random sampling. A pre-structured, interview-based data collection sheet was prepared, which was used as a research tool. Data were collected by interview of the patients and then data were gathered, decorated and tabulated after data cleaning and edition. Then the results were presented in tabular and figure forms. As it is a descriptive type of cross-sectional study p value determination was not required to see the level of significance.
Results: In this study mean age of 50 respondents was 24.18 ± 6.63 years. The maximum respondents (62%) were from 20−30 years age group. Out of 50 respondents 46% were married and 24% were unmarried. Among the study subjects 84% knew about cervical cancers, 28% respondents knew about the disease from uthan boithok and 26% by electronic and print media. Thirty six percent respondents knew about the risk factors of the disease, 42 (84%) heard about the disease, 60% thought that they are at self risk and 12% respondents underwent screening before. Among those (70.45%) who did not undergo screening blamed not having adequate knowledge about the risk factors. Seventy two percent of total respondents knew that district hospital is a center for screening. Fifty percent women did not have any knowledge regarding vaccination.
Conclusion: Majority respondents in this study did not know clearly about cervical cancer, specially its risk factors, vaccination, prevention and clinical profile of the disease.
J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(1): 34-40
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Lemenkova, Polina. "ISO Cluster classifier by ArcGIS for unsupervised classification of the Landsat TM image of Reykjavík." Bulletin of Natural Sciences Research 11, no. 1 (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bnsr11-30488.
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The paper presents the use of the Landsat TM image processed by the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Tool for environmental mapping of southwestern Iceland, region of Reykjavik. Iceland is one of the most special Arctic regions with unique flora and landscapes. Its environment is presented by vulnerable ecosystems of highlands where vegetation is affected by climate, human or geologic factors: overgrazing, volcanism, annual temperature change. Therefore, mapping land cover types in Iceland contribute to the nature conservation, sustainable development and environmental monitoring purposes. This paper starts by review of the current trends in remote sensing, the importance of Landsat TM imagery for environmental mapping in general and Iceland in particular, and the requirements of GIS specifically for satellite image analysis. This is followed by the extended methodological workflow supported by illustrative print screens and technical description of data processing in ArcGIS. The data used in this research include Landsat TM image which was captured using GloVis and processed in ArcGIS. The methodology includes a workflow involving several technical steps of raster data processing in ArcGIS: 1) coordinate projecting, 2) panchromatic sharpening, 3) inspection of raster statistics, 4) spectral bands combination, 5) calculations, 6) unsupervised classification, 7) mapping. The classification was done by clustering technique using ISO Cluster algorithm and Maximum Likelihood Classification. This paper finally presents the results of the ISO Cluster application for Landsat TM image processing and concludes final remarks on the perspectives of environmental mapping based on Landsat TM image processing in ArcGIS.The results of the classification present landscapes divided into eight distinct land cover classes: 1) bare soils; 2) shrubs and smaller trees in the river valleys, urban areas including green spaces; 3) water areas; 4) forests including the Reykjanesfólkvangur National reserve; 5) ice-covered areas, glaciers and cloudy regions; 6) ravine valleys with a sparse type of the vegetation: rowan, alder, heathland, wetland; 7) rocks; 8) mixed areas. The final remarks include the discussion on the development of machine learning methods and opportunities of their technical applications in GIS-based analysis and Earth Observation data processing in ArcGIS, including image analysis and classification, mapping and visualization, machine learning and environmental applications for decision making in forestry and sustainable development.
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Vans, Marie. "Automatic visual inspection and defect detection on variable data prints." Journal of Electronic Imaging 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 013010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3537837.
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Li, Lucy, Mounia Chakik, and Ravi Prakash. "A Review of Corrosion in Aircraft Structures and Graphene-Based Sensors for Advanced Corrosion Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 2908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092908.
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Corrosion is an ever-present phenomena of material deterioration that affects all metal structures. Timely and accurate detection of corrosion is required for structural maintenance and effective management of structural components during their life cycle. The usage of aircraft materials has been primarily driven by the need for lighter, stronger, and more robust metal alloys, rather than mitigation of corrosion. As such, the overall cost of corrosion management and aircraft downtime remains high. To illustrate, $5.67 billion or 23.6% of total sustainment costs was spent on aircraft corrosion management, as well as 14.1% of total NAD for the US Air Force aviation and missiles in the fiscal year of 2018. The ability to detect and monitor corrosion will allow for a more efficient and cost-effective corrosion management strategy, and will therefore, minimize maintenance costs and downtime, and to avoid unexpected failure associated with corrosion. Conventional and commercial efforts in corrosion detection on aircrafts have focused on visual and other field detection approaches which are time- and usage-based rather than condition-based; they are also less effective in cases where the corroded area is inaccessible (e.g., fuel tank) or hidden (rivets). The ability to target and detect specific corrosion by-products associated with the metals/metal alloys (chloride ions, fluoride ions, iron oxides, aluminum chlorides etc.), corrosion environment (pH, wetness, temperature), along with conventional approaches for physical detection of corrosion can provide early corrosion detection as well as enhanced reliability of corrosion detection. The paper summarizes the state-of-art of corrosion sensing and measurement technologies for schedule-based inspection or continuous monitoring of physical, environmental and chemical presence associated with corrosion. The challenges are reviewed with regards to current gaps of corrosion detection and the complex task of corrosion management of an aircraft, with a focused overview of the corrosion factors and corrosion forms that are pertinent to the aviation industry. A comprehensive overview of thin film sensing techniques for corrosion detection and monitoring on aircrafts are being conducted. Particular attention is paid to innovative new materials, especially graphene-derived thin film sensors which rely on their ability to be configured as a conductor, semiconductor, or a functionally sensitive layer that responds to corrosion factors. Several thin film sensors have been detailed in this review as highly suited candidates for detecting corrosion through direct sensing of corrosion by-products in conjunction with the aforementioned physical and environmental corrosion parameters. The ability to print/pattern these thin film materials directly onto specific aircraft components, or deposit them onto rigid and flexible sensor surfaces and interfaces (fibre optics, microelectrode structures) makes them highly suited for corrosion monitoring applications.
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Budakoti, Asha, Pradip Kumar Mondal, Prachi Verma, and Jagadish Khamrai. "Prins cyclization-mediated stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyrans and dihydropyrans: an inspection of twenty years." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (April 29, 2021): 932–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.77.
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Functionalized tetrahydropyran (THP) rings are important building blocks and ubiquitous scaffolds in many natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Among various established methods, the Prins reaction has emerged as a powerful technique in the stereoselective synthesis of the tetrahydropyran skeleton with various substituents, and the strategy has further been successfully applied in the total synthesis of bioactive macrocycles and related natural products. In this context, hundreds of valuable contributions have already been made in this area, and the present review is intended to provide the systematic assortment of diverse Prins cyclization strategies, covering the literature reports of the last twenty years (from 2000 to 2019), with an aim to give an overview on exciting advancements in this area and designing new strategies for the total synthesis of related natural products.
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Manu, Roxana, Mihaela Răescu, and Cornelia Florentina Bîcleşanu. "Hard dental structure conservation by using modern laser fluorescence diagnostic (DIAGNOdent Pen 2190) and minimally invasive treatment – case report." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.2.14.
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Caries diagnosis should be done in the early stages in order to preserve long-term hard dental structures. In addition to that, the cavity lesions treatment should use adhesive materials for crown obturation which allow strictly carious lesion removal and do not require the creation of retention forms, involving an additional sacrifice of dental tissues, thus jeopardizing the tooth resistance. The study presents the case of a 9 years old, male patient who had multiple cavities in the mixed dentition. The designed treatment plan aimed, firstly, at assessing the degree of damage, trough cavities, of the four 6-year molars existing on the arcades and the choice of techniques and materials for coronal restoration following ART concept (Atraumatic Restorative Treatement). Cavities diagnosis was made by combining conventional methods (visual inspection, inspection and palpation by probe, retro alveolar radiography and OPG) and modern methods (laser fluorescence DIAGNOdent Pen 2190). The prime molars 36, 46 treatment consisted in the creation of some VI class cavities, than plugged with glassionomer cement (Fuji IX) due to increased and prolonged release of fluoride, while the 16, 26 molars treatment was achieved by incipient lesions remineralization by topical application of a fluoride varnish containing 5% sodium fluoride (Profluorid varnish, Voco GmbH).
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Fürtler, Johannes, Werner Krattenthaler, Konrad J. Mayer, Harald Penz, and Andreas Vrabl. "SIS-Stamp: An integrated inspection system for sheet prints in stamp printing application." Computers in Industry 56, no. 8-9 (December 2005): 958–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2005.05.019.
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Baiburin, A. A., and O. Y. Loktionova. "TRACES, INDENTIFICATION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FOOTPRINTS TAKEN AT THE CRIME OCCURANCE SITE." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-4-189-205.
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The paper discusses main problems related with identification and comparative analysis of shoe prints and outlines the ways to increase the efficiency of the shoe prints inventory database use. Special focus is given to the activities of forensic departments and their work with shoe prints taken from the crime site. Forensic science plays a very important role in the struggle against crime. Forensic studies make a system of knowledge about objective laws and principles of collecting, investigating, assessing and use of the evidence. Crime traces are a part of the evidence. Their appropriate use has always occupied an essential place in forensic studies. The most typical crime traces that may be present on a crime site are the prints of fingers, hands, footprints, traces of break-in implements, vehicle tracks and biological marks. Footprints occupy the first position in the list followed by fingerprints. Investigation of footprints during a visual inspection of the place where a crime occurred permits the investigator to identify the conditions at the crime moment with the way it was committed, elicit the number of criminals and make some judgments on the criminal (-s) including sex, approximate height, movement speed and directions, presence of handicaps and the shoe type. The analysis of the shoe prints structure and inter-positioning of the footprints can help to identify the criminals’ actions and the direction of their movements. Thus the footprints make a solid informative basis of evidence to clear and prove the crime. Appropriate utilization of the footprints data as well as their subsequent identification depend on the professional skills of the crime scene team and the thoroughness of their visual inspection ways, as well as on the organizational and methodological support of all activities at the preliminary investigation stage and the quality of criminal records. The growth of crime during the last five years as well as increasing number of unsolved crimes in Russia present a serious challenge for all forensic services of the Ministry of Home Affairs and demand better efficiency of traces investigation, availability of targeted technical means and expertise in the area of crime prevention and investigation.
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VAN HORN, DAVID, and MATTHEW MIGHT. "Systematic abstraction of abstract machines." Journal of Functional Programming 22, no. 4-5 (August 15, 2012): 705–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796812000238.
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AbstractWe describe a derivational approach to abstract interpretation that yields novel and transparently sound static analyses when applied to well-established abstract machines for higher-order and imperative programming languages. To demonstrate the technique and support our claim, we transform the CEK machine of Felleisen and Friedman (Proc. of the 14th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN Symp. Prin. Program. Langs, 1987, pp. 314–325), a lazy variant of Krivine's machine (Higher-Order Symb. Comput. Vol 20, 2007, pp. 199–207), and the stack-inspecting CM machine of Clements and Felleisen (ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. Vol 26, 2004, pp. 1029–1052) into abstract interpretations of themselves. The resulting analyses bound temporal ordering of program events; predict return-flow and stack-inspection behavior; and approximate the flow and evaluation of by-need parameters. For all of these machines, we find that a series of well-known concrete machine refactorings, plus a technique of store-allocated continuations, leads to machines that abstract into static analyses simply by bounding their stores. These machines are parameterized by allocation functions that tune performance and precision and substantially expand the space of analyses that this framework can represent. We demonstrate that the technique scales up uniformly to allow static analysis of realistic language features, including tail calls, conditionals, mutation, exceptions, first-class continuations, and even garbage collection. In order to close the gap between formalism and implementation, we provide translations of the mathematics as running Haskell code for the initial development of our method.
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Horacek, Ivana. "Illuminating Methods, Picturing Instruments: Tycho Brahe's Instrumental Images." Austrian History Yearbook 52 (May 2021): 30–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237821000151.
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AbstractThis article considers the function of twenty-two hand-colored prints of mathematical instruments in Tycho Brahe's Astronomiae instauratae mechanica (Instruments of the renewed astronomy; 1598), a hand-painted presentation treatise dedicated to Emperor Rudolf II and conferred on a network of individuals connected to the imperial court in Prague. Although the accompanying text communicates the instruments’ use and composition, the images demand close inspection because they articulate Brahe's observationally driven astronomy. They do so through structured, repeated, and consecutive representations; through expanded viewer access, achieved by adhering to multiple perspectives; through the juxtaposition of colors, which focuses attention on the heads of the instruments (the part that does the measuring); and through the use of gold paint, which emphasizes the head and brings to mind the very metallic nature of the instruments. Much like an astronomer taking multiple measurements of cosmological phenomena, these images allow viewers and readers, as they leaf through the pages of the treatise, to become virtual participants in Brahe's instauration of astronomy.
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Albakri, Mohammad I., Logan D. Sturm, Christopher B. Williams, and Pablo A. Tarazaga. "Impedance-based non-destructive evaluation of additively manufactured parts." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-03-2016-0046.
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Purpose This work proposes the utilization of electromechanical impedance measurements as a means of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) for additive manufacturing (AM). The effectiveness and sensitivity of the technique for a variety of defect types commonly encountered in AM are investigated. Design/methodology/approach To evaluate the feasibility of impedance-based NDE for AM, the authors first designed and fabricated a suite of test specimens with build errors typical of AM processes, including dimensional inaccuracies, positional inaccuracies and internal porosity. Two polymer AM processes were investigated in this work: material jetting and extrusion. An impedance-based analysis was then conducted on all parts and utilized, in a supervised learning context, for identifying defective parts. Findings The newly proposed impedance-based NDE technique has been proven to be an effective solution for detecting several types of print defects. Specifically, it was shown that the technique is capable of detecting print defects resulting in mass change (as small as 1 per cent) and in feature displacement (as small as 1 mm) in both extruded nylon parts and jetted VeroWhitePlus parts. Internal porosity defects were also found to be detectable; however, the impact of this defect type on the measured impedance was not as profound as that of dimensional and positional inaccuracies. Originality/value Compared to currently available NDE techniques, the newly proposed impedance-based NDE is a functional-based technique with the advantages of being cost-effective, sensitive and suitable for inspecting AM parts of complex geometry and deeply embedded flaws. This technique has the potential to bridge the existing gaps in current NDE practices, hence paving the road for a wider adoption of AM to produce mission-critical parts.
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Bakan, S., M. Betancor, V. Gayler, and H. Graßl. "Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 10/11 (August 31, 1994): 962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0962-y.
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Abstract. Contrail cloudiness over Europe and the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean was analyzed for the two periods September 1979 - December 1981 and September 1989 - August 1992 by visual inspection of quicklook photographic prints of NOAA/AVHRR infrared images. The averaged contrail cover exhibits maximum values along the transatlantic flight corridor around 50 °N (of almost 2%) and over western Europe resulting in 0.5% contrail cloudiness on average. A strong yearly cycle appears with a maximum (<2%) in spring and summer over the Atlantic and a smaller maximum (<1%) in winter over southwestern Europe. Comparing the two time periods, which are separated by one decade, shows there is a significant decrease in contrail cloudiness over western Europe and a significant increase over the North Atlantic between March and July. Contrail cloud cover during daytime is about twice as high as during nighttime. Contrails are found preferentially in larger fields of 1000 km diameter which usually last for more than a day. Causes, possible errors and consequences are discussed.
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van den Bergh, Sidney. "Stellar Content of Local Group Galaxies - An Introduction." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 192 (1999): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900203872.
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In The Realm of the Nebulae, Hubble (1936) first drew attention to the fact that the Milky Way system and the Andromeda galaxy belong to a small cluster that also contains M32, M33, the Magellanic Clouds, NGC 205, NGC 6822 and IC 1613. Hubble also listed IC 10 as a possible member of what he referred to as “the Local Group”. Inspection of the prints of the Palomar Sky Survey shows (van den Bergh 1962) that a large fraction of all field galaxies are located in such small groups or clusters. Our Milky Way system therefore appears to be situated in a rather typical region of space. All of the well-established Local Group members that are listed above are at distances D ≤ 1.0 Mpc. A conservative limit D < 1.5 Mpc may therefore be used to search for new Local Group members. An additional criterion for physical membership in the Local Group is that a candidate member with solar apex distance θ and radial velocity Vr should lie close to the Vr versus cos θ relation for well-established Local Group members (Courteau & van den Bergh 1999). Finally candidates may be disqualified from membership if they appear projected on nearby groups of galaxies that are centered at distances greater than 1.5 Mpc. In particular the Local Group candidates NGC 1560, NGC 1569, UGC-A86 and Cassiopeia 1 were excluded because they appear projected on (or near) the IC 342/Maffei group. Furthermore NGC 55 and UKS 2323-326 were excluded because they appear projected on (or near) the Sculptor (= South Polar) group. Observational data on 35 probable Local Group members are given in Table 1.
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Hoare, Lottie. "Muriel Pyrah: sources and myths from a West Riding of Yorkshire school, 1967–1972." History of Education Review 48, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-09-2018-0023.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to juxtapose different sources concerning educational experiments embarked on by an English primary school teacher, Muriel Pyrah. Pyrah taught at Airedale School, Castleford, Yorkshire, UK, from the 1950s until 1972. Her approach was celebrated in the fields of oracy and arts education in the final years of her working life. Airedale was a Local Education Authority (LEA) school within the West Riding of Yorkshire, an LEA led by Alec Clegg, from 1945 to 1974. Design/methodology/approach Using film footage, sound recordings, artwork and topic books produced by her pupils, the paper entangles these archival sources with recent interviews from Pyrah’s former pupils and a former school inspector (HMI). Pyrah’s actual name has been used, as has that of the HMI. The names of pupils who contributed insights are anonymised. Findings The former pupils provide accounts that encourage a move away from a revisiting of progressivism that is predominantly anchored in studying the intentions and hopes of high profile educationalists postwar. Research limitations/implications The number of former pupils willing to discuss their memories was small, so no claims are made that their perspectives represent the dominant views of former pupils. However, these interviews reveal details that are absent in the other surviving archival sources. Originality/value The paper lays the foundation for further research on the voices of former pupils, inviting a focus on the way those participants reflect on the long-term impact of being involved in an educational experiment. Thus far, the representation of Pyrah’s pedagogy has been choreographed in print to build the legacy of the LEA. The pupils’ stories resonate differently.
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Necheporenko, O. "PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF SHOEPRINTS SEIZURE FROM THE CRIME SCENE (Review Article)." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 22, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2020.06.
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The author of the article analyzes existing methods of seizing three-dimensional and latent (two-dimensional) shoeprints, described in the forensic scientific literature, which are used in Ukraine and abroad. Attention is drawn to the fact that methods of seizing traces that have been used for a long time are a subject to minor changes, despite the development of scientific and technological progress. The author names a reason for such a phenomenon: the lack of exchange in experience with countries that use modern tools and techniques for forensic analysis, one of which is a crime scene fingerprint film lift pad. The crime scene fingerprint lift pad is most often used when seizing latent (two-dimensional) shoe prints during inspection of a crime scene. However, attention is drawn to the problem of further suitability of seized traces for carrying out forensic examination as well as to peculiarities of storing seized materials.
According to the author, trace damage is associated with two groups of factors: removal of a trace with violation of a technique and removal of a trace by means of poor-quality material. The author describes several types of crime scene fingerprint lift pad which is used to seize evidence of trace evidence nature.
The author notes that along with the development of technology, trace evidence methods should be advanced as well. There is an urgent need to analyze the market of imported fingerprints, its efficiency, specificity of forensic situations, weather conditions, etc. There is also a need to share experiences in the use of such materials by forensic expert subdivisions. The question as to improving domestic production of fingerprint products, increasing the cost for purchasing high-quality materials also arises. Such an approach will fix the situation with quality of a crime scene processing and collection of evidence which will have a positive impact on detection of crimes and identification of perpetrators. The author emphasizes the relevance of this study and need for new theoretical and practical developments.
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Ferreira, Marcos Roberto Farias, Valdir Adilson Steinke, Edilson De Souza Bias, and Neio Lúcio de Oliveira Campos. "Detecção de Construções em Imagens RapidEye com Uso do Operador Brec Urban Focus: Estudo Aplicado a Zona de Amortecimento da Esecae DF." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 3 (June 2, 2019): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.3.p1074-1092.
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A Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas é de fundamental importância para a preservação de recursos hídricos, visto que tem relação direta com as bacias dos rios Maranhão e São Bartolomeu, sendo o divisor de duas grandes bacias nacionais, do Rio Paraná e dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia. Sua zona de amortecimento foi formalmente estabelecida pelo plano de manejo elaborado em março de 2009. Conhecer os usos antrópicos existentes nessa zona de amortecimento é um meio para a mitigação dos impactos diretos na unidade que decorrem da ação antrópica. Há nessa localidade, após a formalização do plano de manejo, o surgimento de loteamentos, visível em imagens de satélites. A validação de métodos rápidos e automatizados para a detecção de construções nessa área é de fundamental importância para a fiscalização e o controle de ocupações irregulares. Este trabalho permitiu a identificação de construções e loteamentos na zona de amortecimento a partir de procedimentos que integraram imagens RapidEye do ano 2014 e o uso do operador brec urban focus presente no software InterIMAGE. A qualidade do resultado obtido foi avaliada pelo índice Kappa e pela Exatidão Global da amostra, calculados com uso do aplicativo AVACIM (PRINA, 2013), a partir de pontos gerados por meio da ferramenta hawth’s tools, separados em duas classes: loteamento/construções e não loteamento, e conferidos com aerofotos de resolução espacial de 24 cm, com índice Kappa de 0,72, e Exatidão Global da amostra de 0,86. Detection of buildings in RapidEye Images Using the Brec Urban Focus Operator: Study Applied to the Buffer Zone of Esecae DF A B S T R A C T The Ecological Station of Águas Emendadas has fundamental importance for the preservation of water resources because it is directly related to the basins of Maranhão River and St. Bartholomew River, and it is the divisor of two large national basins, the Paraná River and the Tocantins/Araguaia rivers, its mitigation buffer zone was formally established by the management plan prepared in march 2009. Knowing the existing anthropic uses in this area is a mean to mitigate the direct impacts on the unit that arise from human action. There is, after the formalization of the management plan, the emergence of allotments, visible on satellite images. The validation of fast and automated methods for the detection of buildings in this area is of fundamental importance for the inspection and control of irregular occupations. This work aims to identify buildings in the buffer zone based on procedures that integrated RapidEye images from the year 2014 and the use of the brec urban focus operator present in the InterIMAGE software. The quality of the obtained result was evaluated by the Kappa index and the Global Accuracy of the sample, calculated using the AVACIM (PRINA, 2014), using points generated through the tool hawth's tools, separated into two classes: allotment / constructions and not allotment, and conferred with 24 cm spatial resolution aerophotos. The value for the Kappa index was 0.72, and the Global Accuracy of the sample was 0.86. Keywords: brec urban focus, Kappa index, GEOBIA, buffer zone.
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Rafanelli, P., and M. Violato. "A Lower Limit to the Excess of Companions Among Seyfert Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 159 (1994): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900176909.
Full textAbstract:
It is not yet clear which is the role played by interaction on Seyfert activity. Presently there are on this topic contradictory statistical results, based on the study of more or less rich samples of Seyfert galaxies. Petrosian (1982), Dahari (1985) and Mac Kenty (1989, 1990) found an excess of Seyferts among galaxies which have nearby companions and an excess of galaxies with nearby neighbors among Seyfert galaxies. The contrary result was found by Bushouse (1987) and by Fuentes Williams & Stocke (1988). In order to find more reliable conclusions, taking advantage of the increased number of Seyfert galaxies identified in the last years, we have applied the statistical procedures used by Dahari (1985) to a sample of 287 Seyfert-1 (S1) and 195 Seyfert-2 (S2) (namely to all known S1 and S2 galaxies with z ≤ 0.11 and δ ≥ −23°). A subsample has been extracted carefully excluding objects, identified as Seyfert on the basis of their morphology (e.g. on the basis of the presence of a companion) and brighter than mB = 15.5, the magnitude at which the cumulative number of S1 and S2 galaxies becomes flat. The possible companions of our Seyfert galaxies have been identified on the blue POSS prints by visual inspection looking for objects not more distant than 3 diameters from the Seyfert galaxy and not more than 3 magnitudes fainter. It results that ∼35% of both the S1 and S2 galaxies have a neighbor. This percentage is reduced to ∼14% for both classes of galaxies excluding the possible optical companions, the upper limit to the number of which has been derived starting from the counts of galaxies published by Shane and Wirtanen (1967), assuming that the probability of finding an optical companion is a Poisson probability. The same procedure applied to a control sample of 281 normal galaxies indicates that only ∼3% of the galaxies have a close companion. In conclusion Seyfert galaxies show a larger percentage (14%) of objects with companion than normal galaxies do (3%). This excess, which is the same for S1 and S2 galaxies, has been derived overestimating the number of optical companions and its value is then a lower limit.
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Manisha Gahlot and Vandana Bhandari, LaimayumJogeeta Devi, Anita Rani. "Traditional arts and crafts: Responsible lifestyle products design through heat transfer printing." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 16, 2020): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s34.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability is the key to responsible production and conservation of environment, which is the need of the hour. Indian motifs based on traditional textile arts and crafts have always been a source of inspiration not only to Indian designers but also have intrigued global designers. These motifs can be adapted into lifestyle products through modern techniques of surface enrichment. Lifestyle products hold a lucrative market in the textile sector. Apron is one such lifestyle product which falls under the category of accessories. This study explores how traditional knowledge of Indian arts and crafts can open up avenues for responsible designing of lifestyle products. In the present study, fifty motifs/designs from textile and architectural sources of Manipur were collected from secondary sources, adapted and simplified for application in kitchen apron using CorelDraw X3 software. Ten adapted designs were selected through visual inspection by a panel of thirty judges. The design arrangements were developed for kitchen apron by preparing line patterns, motifs/designs layout and colourways, respectively. The outcome of every step was visually evaluated by the same panel of thirty judges, except for the line patterns, on five point scale. The prototype scoring highest weighted mean score i.e., rank I was selected for further developing the following consequent steps. The finalized designs were printed on the paper using disperse dyes. The printed papers were then used to transfer designs on the constructed and finished apron made of polyester/cotton blended fabric. The cost of apron was estimated Rs. 244/- which can be reduced if produced in bulk. Consumer assessment was carried out for the printed apron on various aesthetic parameters. Consumers’ acceptance for the printed apron was found high which reflected its marketability owing to uniqueness of the motifs, traditional values associated with the traditional motifs of Manipur, sharpness of design lines, the clarity of prints and the reasonable price. Thus, study outcome revealed that the designs inspired from traditional textile arts and crafts of Manipur can be successfully rejuvenated into lifestyle products through heat transfer printing which is environmentally feasible, socially acceptable and economically viable.