Academic literature on the topic 'Principe de rareté'
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Journal articles on the topic "Principe de rareté"
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Dzaka, Théophile, and Michel Milandou. "L’entrepreneuriat congolais à l’épreuve des pouvoirs magiques : une face cachée de la gestion culturelle du risque ?" Politique africaine 56, no. 1 (1994): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1994.5825.
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La sorcellerie (Kindoki) est une composante centrale de l’environnement culturel de l’entrepreneur. Ce phénomène est un facteur essentiel dans l’émergence de l’esprit d’entreprise et de comportement managériaux spécifiques. Elle est un instrument de lutte contre le rareté, exprime des situations de concurrence. Elle intervient aussi bien comme principe régulateur des successions, des changements de forme juridiques d’entreprises, de leur organisation interne. La sorcellerie apparaît à différents égards comme un mode culturel de gestion du risque entrepreneurial.
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Le Heuzey, M. F., O. Halfon, N. Crepin, P. Betolaud, and M. Dugas. "Utilisation du DSM III en psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 4, no. 1 (1989): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00004089.
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RésuméLe DSM III, qui est un système nosologique définissant des catégories diagnostiques psychiatriques, a été peu utilisé chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. En effet, les troubles psychiatriques de l’enfant ont longtemps été ignorés, leur abord étant essentiellement pédagogique. De plus, la définition du normal et du pathologique est difficile chez l’enfant, qui est un sujet en évolution. Le principe du DSM III chez l’enfant et l’adolescent est le même que chez l’adulte. Les diagnostics se retrouvent sur deux axes. Si le DSM III a une section séparée pour les diagnostics spécifiques à l’enfant et à l’adolescent, beaucoup d’enfants sont concernés par des diagnostics figurant a la partie adulte du DSM III, et réciproquement. Notre étude a porté sur 894 enfants et adolescents hospitalisés ou examinés en journée d’observation pendant 2 ans dans le Service de psychopathologie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent de l’hôpital Hérold à Paris. Les diagnostics ont été portés en fonction des directives du DSM III au cours d’une cotation collective non aveugle, réalisée par les médecins seniors du service, réunis une fois par semaine. Nos 894 sujets se répartissent en 560 sujets de moins de 13 ans et 334 sujets de 13 ans ou plus. La population comporte 551 garçons et 343 filles. La prédominance masculine est nette pour les moins de 13 ans, alors qu’après 13 ans le nombre de garçons et de filles est équivalent. Un diagnostic DSM III soit sur l’axe I, soit sur l’axe II a été possible dans 97% des cas. Les diagnostics les plus représentés sur l’axe I chez les moins de 13 ans sont le retard mental et les troubles avec manifestations physiques, surtout chez les garçons; chez les plus de 13 ans, ce sont les troubles affectifs et les troubles de l’alimentation, surtout chez les filles. Sur l’axe II, il faut souligner la rareté des troubles de la personnalité, alors que les troubles spécifiques du développement sont nombreux, en particulier chez les moins de 13 ans. Sur l’axe III, environ 20% de notre population présente un problème physique intervenant dans sa pathologie psychiatrique. Sur l’axe IV, on constate qu’il n’y a pas de différence de sévérité de stress dans les 2 groupes d’âges considérés: en revanche, les filles ont des stress plus marqués que les garçons. Sur I axe V, les plus de 13 ans fonctionnent plus mal que les moins de 13 ans. Les résultats de notre étude confirment les autres études en ce qui concerne le sex ratio. En revanche, chez les moins de 13 ans, nous avons beaucoup plus porté de diagnostic de retard mental et de trouble global du développement qu’Anderson, par exemple, et nous constatons moins de troubles des conduites et de déficit de l’attention que dans d'autres études, américaines notamment. De plus, chez les plus de 13 ans, nous comptons beaucoup moins de schizophrènes que Strober. Cette discordance peut être expliquée par le fait que nous ne portons qu’avec grande précaution le diagnostic de schizophrénie chez un adolescent. L'utilisation du DSM III dans un service de pédo-psychiatrie oblige à un minimum de rigueur et de cohérence, permet de pouvoir entreprendre des études de recherche clinique comparable avec d’autres centres. Son principal défaut est le problème de la validité de certaines de ces catégories diagnostiques chez l’enfant et chez l’adolescent due à l’absence de toute référence technique. On peut se demander si le DSM III a actuellement le statut d’une nosographie.
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Phau, I., and G. Prendergast. "Consuming luxury brands: The relevance of the ‘Rarity Principle’." Journal of Brand Management 8, no. 2 (November 2000): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2540013.
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James, N. "Rarity and rank in Neolithic France." Antiquity 89, no. 347 (October 2015): 1238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2015.131.
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The pursuit of higher social rank by possessing artefacts of rare skill or distant origin is a familiar principle (Binford 1962; Helms 1993). Signes de richesse (‘Signs of wealth’) is an exhibition of evidence for this practice during the Neolithic period in France. It opened in June 2015 at the French National Museum of Prehistory, Les Eyzies, where the usual fare is Palaeolithic archaeology (Chancerel et al. 2015: 13). The exhibition's main concepts and some of its data spring from the great ‘Jade Project’ on the acquisition, manufacture and distribution of ‘big axes’ (Pétrequin et al. 2012). The display is alluring, but the underlying argument is flimsy because the conceptual principles remain implicit. For whom, then, was Signes designed?
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Neynaber, Sven, Christina Kirschner, Stefanie Kamann, Gerd Plewig, and Michael J. Flaig. "Progressive Macular Hypomelanosis: A Rarely Diagnosed Hypopigmentation in Caucasians." Dermatology Research and Practice 2009 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/607682.
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A 35-year-old woman who developed whitish macules on trunk and limbs at 12 years of age and observed a remarkable increase of the hypopigmentated lesions after her pregnancies at ages 29 and 32 years. Because of the highly characteristic clinical aspect and the light- and electron-microscopic histopathologic findings, we diagnosed progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH). It is a nonscaly disorder with hypopigmented macules mainly on the trunk and is more often seen in young women. In contrast to some authors assuming the presence ofPropionibacterium spp.as a matter of principle in PMH, we report a case with no evidence forPropionibacterium spp.
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Protivínský, Jiří, and Martin Krejsa. "Making Use of the Principle of Energy Dissipation in the Seismic Design of a Steel Structure of a Steam Boiler / Využití Principu Disipace Při Seismickém Návrhu Ocelové Konstrukce Parního Kotle." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10160-012-0028-0.
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Abstract For structural design of steel structures under seismic action there are two possible approaches of global analysis. In global analysis we can consider the structure to behave in linear elastic way or in post-elastic way with developing of plastic hinges during seismic situation. The second method is based on principle of seismic energy transformation into thermal energy. Both design methods are defined in Eurocodes but the post-elastic way is only rarely used because of design complexity. Application of this design method is presented in the entry on an example of a steam power plant boiler structure.
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Gavryliv, Liubomyr, Vitalii Ponomar, Marko Bermanec, and Marián Putiš. "The Taxonomy of Mineral Occurrence Rarity and Endemicity." Canadian Mineralogist 60, no. 5 (September 1, 2022): 731–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2200010.
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ABSTRACT Nearly a half of known IMA-approved minerals (as of November 2021) are reported from four localities or fewer and so may be considered rare mineral species. These minerals form a continuum with more common species (e.g., rock-forming minerals), all of which constitute important constituents of Earth and contributors to its dynamics. To better understand the taxonomy of mineral rarity, evaluations have been made on the basis of k-means clustering and kernel density estimation of one-dimensional data on mineral occurrence metrics. Results from second- and third-degree polynomial regression analyses indicate the presence of a divergence between the observed number of endemic minerals discovered since 2000 and those that are likely to represent “true” endemic species. The symmetry index, calculated using the approach of Urusov for each rarity cluster, reveals a gradual decrease from ubiquitous to endemic from 0.64 to 0.47. A network analysis of element co-occurrences within each rarity cluster suggests the existence of at least three different communities having similar geochemical affinities; the latter may reflect the relative abundance of minerals their elements tend to form. The analysis of element co-occurrence matrices within each group indicates that crustal abundance is not the only factor controlling the total number of minerals each element tends to form. Other significant factors include: (1) the geochemical affinity to the principal element in the group (i.e., sulfur for chalcophile and oxygen for lithophile elements) and (2) dispersion of the principal element through geochemical processes. There is a positive correlation between the lithophile element group's abundance in the Earth's crust and the number of common minerals they tend to form, but a negative correlation with the number of rare species.
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Vari, Sabrina, Federica Riva, Concetta Elisa Onesti, Antonella Cosimati, Davide Renna, Roberto Biagini, Jacopo Baldi, et al. "Malignant Transformation of Giant Cell Tumour of Bone: A Review of Literature and the Experience of a Referral Centre." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 10721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810721.
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Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a benign, locally aggressive primary bone neoplasm that represents 5% of all bone tumours. The principal treatment approach is surgery. Although generally GCTB is considered only a locally aggressive disease, it can metastasise, and lung metastases occur in 1–9% of patients. To date, only the use of denosumab has been approved as medical treatment for GCTB. Even more rarely, GCTB undergoes sarcomatous transformation into a malignant tumour (4% of all GCTB), but history of this malignant transformation is unclear and unpredictable. Considering the rarity of the event, the data in the literature are few. In this review, we summarise published data of GCTB malignant transformation and we analyse three cases of malignant transformation of GCTB, evaluating histopathology, genetics, and radiological aspects. Despite the rarity of this event, we conclude that a strict follow up is recommended to detect early malignant transformation.
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Mongin, Philippe. "SPURIOUS UNANIMITY AND THE PARETO PRINCIPLE." Economics and Philosophy 32, no. 3 (November 26, 2015): 511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267115000371.
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AbstractThe Pareto principle states that if the members of society express the same preference judgement between two options, this judgement is compelling for society. A building block of normative economics and social choice theory, and often borrowed by contemporary political philosophy, the principle has rarely been subjected to philosophical criticism. The paper objects to it on the ground that it applies indifferently to those cases in which the individuals agree both on their expressed preferences and on their reasons for entertaining them, and those cases in which they agree on their expressed preferences while differing on their reasons. The latter are cases of ‘spurious unanimity’, and it is normatively inappropriate, or so the paper argues, to defend unanimity preservation at the social level for such cases: thus the Pareto principle is formulated much too broadly. The objection seems especially powerful when the principle is applied in an ex ante context of uncertainty, in which individuals can disagree on both their probabilities and utilities, and nonetheless agree on their preferences over prospects.
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Ammar Thaher Yaseen Al Abd Alazeez. "DED: Drift Principle in Educational Evolved Data." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 26, no. 2 (December 3, 2022): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v26i2.128.
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Clustering data streams is one of the prominent tasks of discovering hidden patterns in data streams. It refers to the process of clustering newly arrived data into continuously and dynamically changing segmentation patterns. This article presents a stream mining algorithm to cluster the data stream with focusing on its evolution and concept drift. Even though concept drift is expected to be present in data streams, explicit drift detection is rarely done in stream clustering algorithms. Concept drift is caused by the changes in data distribution over time. Relationship between concept drift and the occurrence of physical events has been studied by applying the algorithm on the education data stream. Viber education data streams produced by Viber Groups in our Computer Science Department are used to conduct this study. The results show that our proposed algorithm superiority existing ones in purity, entropy, and sum of square error measurements. Experiments led to the conclusion that the concept drift accompanied by a change in the number of clusters and outliers indicates a significant education event. This kind of online monitoring and its results can be utilized in education systems in various ways, such as present the capabilities of participants.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Principe de rareté"
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Sosa, Daniel N. "Principled "convergence" non-coding rare variant association testing in complex disease." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113171.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 29-31).
Although many genetic loci pertinent to complex diseases have been identified and despite the fact that complex diseases remain an immense burden to healthcare globally, many details about the mechanism of these diseases are still unknown. Thus far, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have only explained a small proportion of disease heritability, indicating that there is a large number of additional loci that contribute to complex diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is the primary case study in this work. We overcome some of the limitations of rare variant studies by conducting weighted aggregate association tests in a framework we call "Convergence". We compare potential cell type specific regulatory loci assigned to genes, which serve as the basis for grouping variants and integrated predictors of functional consequence of variants, which serve as variant weights. We demonstrate that this methodology is able to detect significant association to T2D for genes relevant for body weight homeostasis, adipocyte proliferation, and inflammation. As a result, this work provides a principled framework for improving the efficacy of RVAS by successfully converging the abundant epigenetic information available to understand complex disease.
by Daniel N. Sosa.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Nemoto, Takahiro. "Phenomenological structure for large deviation principle in time-series statistics." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199092.
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Betancourt, Angel E. "First principles calculations of the interaction of rare-gas atoms with transition metal surfaces." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341150.
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Pacheco, Alexander Bonifacio. "First principles dynamics of transient light absorption and emission of alkali atoms interacting with rare gas atoms." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013825.
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Wathen, Michael J. "Population Affiliation Prediction Based on Rare Variants and Using Lancaster Importance Estimator, Principal Component Analysis, and Random Forest." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1460730716.
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Yang, Hung-Yu. "Novel Electromagnetic Responses in Topological Semimetals: Case Studies of Rare-Earth Monopnictides and RAlX Material Family." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109188.
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Thesis advisor: Fazel TaftiSince the idea of topology was realized in real materials, the hunt is on for new candidates of topological semimetals with novel electromagnetic responses. For example, topological states can be highly conductive due to a topological protection, which can be destroyed in a magnetic field and lead to an extremely high magnetoresistance. In Weyl semimetals, a transverse current that would usually require a magnetic field to emerge, can be generated by intrinsic Berry curvature without a magnetic field -- the celebrated anomalous Hall effect. In this dissertation, both phenomena mentioned above are studied in rare-earth monopnictides and RAlX material family (R=rare-earths, X=Ge/Si), respectively. The monopnictides are ideal for the study of extreme magnetoresistance because of their topological transitions and abundant magnetic phases. In LaAs, we untied the connection between topological states and the extreme magnetoresistance, the origin of which is clarified. In HoBi, we found an unusual onset of extreme magnetoresistance controlled by a magnetic phase dome. On the other hand, RAlX material family is a new class of Weyl semimetals breaking both inversion and time-reversal symmetries. In particular, in PrAlGeₓSi₁₋ₓ (x=0-1), we unveiled the first transition from intrinsic to extrinsic anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic Weyl semimetals, and the role of topology is discussed. In CeAlSi, we found that the Fermi level can be tuned as close as 1 meV away from the Weyl nodes; moreover, a novel anomalous Hall response appears only when the Fermi level is tuned to be near the Weyl nodes. Thus, we established a new transport response solely induced by Weyl nodes
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
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Delange, Pascal. "Many-electron effects in transition metal and rare earth compounds : Electronic structure, magnetic properties and point defects from first principles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX040/document.
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Le sujet de cette thèse est la théorie à partir des premiers principes de la structure électronique de matériaux présentant de fortes corrélations électroniques. D’importants progrès ont été faits dans ce domaine grâce aux implémentations modernes de Théorie de la Fonctionelle de Densité (DFT). Néanmoins, la méthode DFT a certaines limitations. D’une part, elle est faite pour décrire les propriétés de l’état fondamental mais pas des états excités des matériaux, bien que ces derniers soient également importants. D’autre part, les approximations de la fonctionnelle employées en pratique réduisent la validité de la DFT, conceptuellement exacte : en particulier elles décrivent mal les matériaux aux effets de corrélations les plus importants.Depuis les années 1990, différentes théoriques quantiques à N corps ont été utilisées pour améliorer ou compléter les simulations à base de DFT. Une des plus importantes est la Théorie du Champ Moyen Dynamique (DMFT), dans laquelle un modèle sur réseau est relié de manière auto-cohérente à un modèle plus simple d’impureté, ce qui donne de bons résultats à condition que les corrélations soient principalement locales. Nous présentons brièvement ces théories dans la première partie de cette thèse. Les progrès récents de la DMFT visent, entre autres, à mieux décrire les effets non-locaux, à comprendre les propriétés hors équilibre et à décrire de vrais matériaux plutôt que des modèles.Afin d’utiliser la DMFT pour décrire de vrais matériaux, il faut partir d’un calcul de structure électronique traitant tous les électrons au même niveau, puis appliquer une correction traitant les effets à N corps sur un sous-espace de basse énergie d’orbitales autour niveau de Fermi. La définition cohérente d’un tel sous-espace nécessite de tenir compte de la dynamique des électrons en-dehors de cet espace. Ces derniers, par exemple, réduisent la répulsion de Coulomb entre électrons dans le sous-espace. Néanmoins, combiner la DFT et la DMFT n’est pas aisé car les deux n’agissent pas sur la même observable. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous étudions les modèles de basses énergies, comme la technique échange écranté + DMFT récemment proposée. Nous analysons l’importance de l’échange non-local et des interactions de Coulomb retardées, et illustrons cette théorie en l’appliquant aux états semi-cœur dans les métaux d10 Zn et Cd.Dans la dernière partie, nous utilisons ces méthodes pour étudier trois matériaux corrélés importants d’un point de vue technologique. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons à la physique des mono-lacunes dans la phase paramagnétique du fer. De façon surprenante pour un défaut aussi simple, son énergie de formation n’a toujours pas été obtenue de manière cohérente par la théorie et l’expérience. Nous démontrons que cela est dû à de subtils effets de corrélations autour de la lacune dans la phase paramagnétique à haute température : cette phase est plus fortement corrélée que la phase ferromagnétique, où des calculs de DFT ont été faits.Dans un deuxième temps, nous étudions la transition métal-isolant dans la phase métastable VO2 B. Nous montrons que cette transition ressemble à celle entre la phase conventionnelle rutile et la phase M2 de VO2, mettant en jeu à la fois des liaisons covalentes dans les dimères et une transition de Mott sur les atomes V restants. Nous étudions également l’effet de lacunes d’oxygène sur la structure électronique de VO2.Enfin, nous proposons une technique au-delà de la DFT pour calculer le champ cristallin dans les oxydes et alliages de terres rares. Bien que l’amplitude de ce champ soit faible pour les orbitales localisées 4f des lanthanides, il est crucial pour leur caractère d’aimant permanent. En modifiant l’approximation Hubbard I pour résoudre les équations de DMFT, nous évitons une erreur d’auto-interaction faible en valeur absolue mais physiquement importante, démontrant l’importance de modèles de basse énergie correctement définisThe topic of this thesis is the first-principles theory of the electronic structure of materials with strong electronic correlations. Tremendous progress has been made in this field thanks to modern implementations of Density Functional Theory (DFT). However, the DFT framework has some limits. First, it is designed to predict ground state but not excited state properties of materials, even though the latter may be just as important for many applications. Second, the approximate functionals used in actual calculations have more limited validity than conceptually exact DFT: in particular, they are not able to describe those materials where many-electron effects are most important.Since the 1990's, different many-body theories have been used to improve or complement DFT calculations of materials. One of the most significant non-perturbative methods is Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT), where a lattice model is self-consistently mapped onto an impurity model, producing good results if correlations are mostly local. We briefly review these methods in the first part of this thesis. Recent developments on DMFT and its extensions were aimed at better describing non-local effects, understanding out-of-equilibrium properties or describing real materials rather than model systems, among others. Here, we focus on the latter aspect.In order to describe real materials with DMFT, one typically needs to start with an electronic structure calculation that treats all the electrons of the system on the same footing, and apply a many-body correction on a well-chosen subspace of orbitals near the Fermi level. Defining such a low-energy subspace consistently requires to integrate out the motion of the electrons outside this subspace. Taking this into account correctly is crucial: it is, for instance, the screening by electrons outside the subspace strongly reduces the Coulomb interaction between electrons within the subspace. Yet it is a complex task, not least because DFT and DMFT are working on different observables. In the second part of this thesis, we discuss low-energy models in the context of the recently proposed Screened Exchange + DMFT scheme. In particular, we study the importance of non-local exchange and dynamically-screened Coulomb interactions. We illustrate this by discussing semi-core states in the d10 metals Zn and Cd.In the third and last part, we use the methods described above to study the electronic structure of three fundamentally and technologically important correlated materials. First, we discuss the physics of point defects in the paramagnetic phase of bcc Fe, more precisely the simplest of them: the monovacancy. Surprisingly for such a simple point defect, its formation energy had not yet been reported consistently from calculations and experiments. We show that this is due to subtle but nevertheless important correlation effects around the vacancy in the high-temperature paramagnetic phase, which is significantly more strongly correlated than the ferromagnetic phase where DFT calculations had been done.Second, we study the metal-insulator phase transition in the metastable VO2 B phase. We show that this transition is similar to that between the conventional rutile and M2 VO2 phases, involving both bonding physics in the dimer and an atom-selective Mott transition on the remaining V atoms. Motivated by recent calculations on SrVO3, we study the possible effect of oxygen vacancies on the electronic structure of VO2.Finally, we propose a scheme beyond DFT for calculating the crystal field splittings in rare earth intermetallics or oxides. While the magnitude of this splitting for the localized 4f shell of lanthanides does not typically exceed a few hundred Kelvin, it is crucial for their hard-magnetic properties. Using a modified Hubbard I approximation as DMFT solver, we avoid a nominally small but important self-interaction error, stressing again the importance of carefully tailored low-energy models
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Shitara, Kazuki. "Bi2O3およびその固溶体における酸化物イオン伝導." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199307.
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設樂, 一希. "Bi2O3およびその固溶体における酸化物イオン伝導." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199516.
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Jha, Rajesh. "Combined Computational-Experimental Design of High-Temperature, High-Intensity Permanent Magnetic Alloys with Minimal Addition of Rare-Earth Elements." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2621.
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AlNiCo magnets are known for high-temperature stability and superior corrosion resistance and have been widely used for various applications. Reported magnetic energy density ((BH) max) for these magnets is around 10 MGOe. Theoretical calculations show that ((BH) max) of 20 MGOe is achievable which will be helpful in covering the gap between AlNiCo and Rare-Earth Elements (REE) based magnets. An extended family of AlNiCo alloys was studied in this dissertation that consists of eight elements, and hence it is important to determine composition-property relationship between each of the alloying elements and their influence on the bulk properties.
In the present research, we proposed a novel approach to efficiently use a set of computational tools based on several concepts of artificial intelligence to address a complex problem of design and optimization of high temperature REE-free magnetic alloys. A multi-dimensional random number generation algorithm was used to generate the initial set of chemical concentrations. These alloys were then examined for phase equilibria and associated magnetic properties as a screening tool to form the initial set of alloy. These alloys were manufactured and tested for desired properties. These properties were fitted with a set of multi-dimensional response surfaces and the most accurate meta-models were chosen for prediction. These properties were simultaneously extremized by utilizing a set of multi-objective optimization algorithm. This provided a set of concentrations of each of the alloying elements for optimized properties. A few of the best predicted Pareto-optimal alloy compositions were then manufactured and tested to evaluate the predicted properties. These alloys were then added to the existing data set and used to improve the accuracy of meta-models. The multi-objective optimizer then used the new meta-models to find a new set of improved Pareto-optimized chemical concentrations. This design cycle was repeated twelve times in this work. Several of these Pareto-optimized alloys outperformed most of the candidate alloys on most of the objectives. Unsupervised learning methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Heirarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were used to discover various patterns within the dataset. This proves the efficacy of the combined meta-modeling and experimental approach in design optimization of magnetic alloys.
Books on the topic "Principe de rareté"
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Krasnai︠a︡ kniga I︠A︡malo-Nenet︠s︡kogo avtonomnogo okruga: Zhivotnye, rastenii︠a︡, griby. Ekaterinburg: Basko, 2010.
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Kornicki, Peter, Anthony Best, Hugh Cortazzi, Peter Kornicki, Antony Best, and Hugh Cortazzi. British Royal and Japanese Imperial Relations, 1868-2018. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823865.
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This new scholarly study examines the history of the relations between the British and Japanese monarchies over the past 150 years. Complemented by a significant plate section which includes a number of rarely seen images, as well as a chronology of royal/imperial visits and extensive bibliography, British Royal and Japanese Imperial Relations, 1868-2018, will become a benchmark reference on the subject. The volume is divided into three sections. Part I, by Peter Kornicki, examines the ‘royals and imperials’ history during the Meiji era; Part II, by Antony Best, examines the first half of the twentieth century; Part III, by Sir Hugh Cortazzi, focuses on the post-war history up to the present day. Published in association with the Japan Society, its appearance marks the abdication of Emperor Akihito and the enthronement of Crown Prince Naruhito in May 2019. It is also a memorial volume to the late Sir Hugh Cortazzi who died in August 2018, shortly after completing his own contribution to the volume.
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Bachmann, Hugo, and Walter Ammann. Vibrations in Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed003e.
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<p>«Vibrations in Structures» concentrates on vibrations in structures as excited by human motion or machine operation. Man-induced vibrations may arise from walking, running, skipping, dancing, etc. They occur mostly in pedestrian structures, office buildings, gymnasia and sports halls, dancing and concert halls, stadia, etc. Existing publications treat by and large some isolated aspects of the problem; the present one attempts, for the first time, a systematic survey of man-induced vibrations. Machine-induced vibrations occur during the operation of all sorts of machinery and tools with rotating, oscillating or thrusting parts. The study concentrates rather on small and medium size machinery placed on floors of industrial buildings and creating a potential source of undesirable vibrations. The associated questions have rarely been tackled to date; they entail probiems similar to those of man-induced vibrations.</p> <p>The book is consciously intended to serve the practising structural engineer and not primarily the dynamic specialist. It should be noted that its aim is not to provide directions on how to perform comprehensive dynamic computations. Instead, it attempts the following:</p> <ol> <li>to show where dynamic problems could occur and where a word of caution is good advice;</li> <li>to further the understanding of the phenomena encountered as well as of the underlying principles;</li> <li>to impart the basic knowledge for assessing the dynamic behaviour of the structures or structural elements;</li> <li>to describe suitable measures, both preventive to be applied in the design stage and remedial in the case of rehabilitation.</li> </ol>
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Torcida, Ma Luisa, and Fernando Lalana. Un Principe Algo Rarito - Chiqui Cuentos. Bruo, 1998.
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Austin, Allan W. The “Friendly Principle of Brotherhood”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037047.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter considers the complicated history of Quaker interracial activism. It specifically looks at the complex relationship between the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) and race, charting both the successes and shortcomings of the organization's activist work. The story of the AFSC, the chapter asserts, is a complex one—best told not as one of minority or white agency alone but instead as one of attempted cooperation, even if halting and awkward at times. While AFSC activists saw the necessity of working in concert with nonwhite Americans from the start, they rarely if ever achieved a color-blind perfection. Indeed, the history of the Service Committee and race during the first half of the twentieth century might best be seen as an ongoing struggle to understand better how shared agency might function in an imperfect and often racist world.
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Bouisson, Maurice. Magic: Its History And Principle Rites (Kessinger Publishing's Rare Reprints). Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2005.
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Hand, David. Improbability Principle: Why Coincidences, Miracles and Rare Events Happen Every Day. Penguin Random House, 2015.
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Hand, David J. Improbability Principle: Why Coincidences, Miracles, and Rare Events Happen Every Day. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2014.
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The improbability principle: Why coincidences, miracles, and rare events happen every day. Scientific American/Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014.
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Hand, David. Improbability Principle: Why Coincidences, Miracles and Rare Events Happen All the Time. Transworld Publishers Limited, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Principe de rareté"
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Fernández-Ortega, Paz, and Inma Bonilla. "Rare Tumours." In Principles of Specialty Nursing, 373–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76457-3_23.
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Ott, German, Eric D. Hsi, Jan Delabie, and Scott Rodig. "Principles of the Pathology and Biology of Malignant Lymphomas." In Rare Lymphomas, 3–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39590-1_1.
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Fornasini, Maria L., Franco Merlo, and Marcella Pani. "Rare-Earth Metal Compounds." In Intermetallic Compounds - Principles and Practice, 85–111. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470845856.ch5.
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Kantz, Holger. "Rare and Extreme Events." In Reproducibility: Principles, Problems, Practices, and Prospects, 251–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118865064.ch11.
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Valentine, James E., and Frank J. Sasinowski. "Orphan Drugs and Rare Diseases." In Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52677-5_253-1.
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Valentine, James E., and Frank J. Sasinowski. "Orphan Drugs and Rare Diseases." In Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials, 2289–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52636-2_253.
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Kern, Thorsten A., Henry Haus, Marc Matysek, and Stephanie Sindlinger. "Actuator Design." In Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems, 309–429. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04536-3_9.
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AbstractActuators are the most important elements of any haptic device. Their selection or design significantly influences the quality of the haptic impression. This chapter deals with commonly used actuators, organized according to their physical principle of operation. It focuses on the electrodynamic, electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric actuator principles. Each actuator type is discussed in terms of its main physical principles, with examples of sizing and one or more applications. Other, less frequently used actuator principles are mentioned in several examples. The preceding chapters focused on the basics of control engineering and kinematic design. They covered topics of structuring and fundamental character. This and the following chapters deal with the design of technical components as parts of haptic devices. Experience teaches us that actuators for haptic applications can rarely be found “off-the-shelf”. Their requirements always include some outstanding features in rotational frequency, power-density, working point, or geometry. These specialities make it necessary and helpful for users to be aware of the capabilities and possibilities for modifying existing actuators. Hence this chapter addresses both groups of readers: the users who want to choose a certain actuator and the mechanical engineer who intends to design a specific actuator for a certain device from scratch.
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Zhang, Jack, Baodong Zhao, and Bryan Schreiner. "Cascade Solvent Extracting Principles and Process Design." In Separation Hydrometallurgy of Rare Earth Elements, 171–241. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28235-0_5.
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Grünberger, Nina. "Participation as a Key Principle of Education for Sustainable Development in the Postdigital Era." In Palgrave Studies in Educational Media, 13–34. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38052-5_2.
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AbstractThis chapter explores the significance of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and media education for active participation and co-creation within postdigital structures. While democracy, co-determination, and active design were the hopes of the early Internet, these are only rarely compatible with the actual structures of postdigitality. Our ubiquitous digital environment and corresponding media structures are powerfully shaped by the monopolistic providers of a digital capitalism, especially in the education sector, and students are rarely introduced to alternatives. Yet a guiding didactic principle of ESD and media education is not to provide clear-cut answers but to enter into an exploratory and a co-creative process in the postdigital era. By jointly exploring and critically considering the implications of digital technologies for sustainable development, actors can better understand the madeness and feasibility of postdigitality and their role in it.
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Diviš, M., H. Michor, S. Khmelevski, P. Blaha, G. Hilscher, and K. Schwarz. "First Principles Study of Electronic Structure of Rare." In Rare Earth Transition Metal Borocarbides (Nitrides): Superconducting, Magnetic and Normal State Properties, 83–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0763-4_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Principe de rareté"
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Gaile, Džeina. "Labas pārvaldības principa izpratne un piemērošana publiskajā iepirkumā iesniegta piedāvājuma izvērtēšanā." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.45.
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The principle of good administration is not mentioned amongst the public procurement principles in Directive 2014/24/EU, however, it is applicable to the public procurement field as a general principle of law. In this article, the author analyses the understanding of this versatile principle in public procurement practice in Latvia. The author concludes that the references are quite rare, but there are several aspects, concerning which the principle of good administration is used more often, i.e., in cases of information exchange and tender clarification, if the tender is rejected. Therefore, the protection of the rights of individuals in cases that are not clearly regulated could be seen as an important aspect where the principle of good administration is used.
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Bērtaite-Pudāne, Inga. "Pieteikuma tiesības administratīvajā tiesā un varas dalīšanas princips." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.48.
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Standing before the administrative court and the principle of separation of powers is a relatively rarely discussed topic in the continental legal tradition. This article focuses on the said topic in the Latvian legal system. The possible impact of the individual legal standing, as well as of actio popularis in environmental cases, on the principle of separation of powers is analysed separately.
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Chen, X. M., J. Duan, and Y. G. Li. "Principle of 0.2V0 in frame-tube structures under expected rare earthquake." In 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-17.2018.5.
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Louis, Rafaela, and Kristina Shea. "A Quantitative Comparison of Thermo-Responsive Actuators: Balancing Functionality and Energy Efficiency." In ASME 2023 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2023-116554.
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Abstract The term 4D printing is used to describe the 3D printing of systems that through their design and functional materials are responsive to the environment. The goal of 4D printed systems is to establish them as low-energy, lightweight, and functionally integrated alternatives to conventional automation systems. Numerous new materials, fabrication processes and proof-of-concepts for 4D printed actuators and structures have been developed since the emergence of the field in 2014. Many possibilities to combine and leverage different actuation principles have been explored with the vision to create structures that function autonomously in reaction to environmental changes, their reaction embedded into the material and structural design. Systematic design knowledge is needed to consider environment-responsive actuation from an early design stage and integrate it effectively into a system. Since a main goal of this approach is to reduce required energy, an estimation of both functional and environmental performance, in terms of embodied energy and activation energy, needs to be known for different actuation principles and materials to select among them. While new actuator designs are regularly published, the publications rarely include a performance characterization that considers both functional and environmental performance. This paper provides a first comparison of both functional and energy aspects of environment-responsive actuators. For this purpose, thermo-responsive actuator designs in literature are screened and eight actuators are compared according to their functional material, working principle, actuation force and stroke length. Further design characteristics of weight, materials, embodied and actuation energy are also estimated for the selected actuators. Based on the compiled data, the embodied material energy of the actuators and energy in use are compared and evaluated. The paper concludes with a discussion of the various options and implications for their integration in low-energy design of environment-responsive structures.
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Mukherjee, Anadi. "Principle and applications of multiphoton pumped upconverted lasers (MU-lasers)." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.mj9.
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Numerous commercial applications exist for compact, lightweight, inexpensive, coherent light sources in the entire visible spectrum. Diode lasers are used for SHG in cavities or for multiple photon pumping of rare earth ion doped solid state materials involving single photon absorption. To my knowledge, this is the first report on pure multiphoton pumped upconverted lasers called MU-lasers. The low absorption cross section of multiphoton interaction is compensated by a suitable propagation of the pump beam through low loss dye doped polymer waveguides, allowing long propagation lengths with high intensities for efficient conversion. Two photon absorption of an IR (740 nm) beam in certain dye doped polymer waveguides produce upconverted light centered at ~572 nm with a bandwidth of ~80 nm. A probable model is an efficient excited state energy transfer (S2 → T2) and subsequent upconverted fluorescence from T2 →T1′ although excited state complex formations cannot be ruled out. Waveguide lasers for upconverting diode laser wavelengths, integrated ultrafast visible lasers, and visible displays are some of the typical application areas.
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Delikoyun, Kerem, Ali Aslan Demir, and Huseyin Cumhur Tekin. "Label-free detection of rare cancer cells using deep learning and magnetic levitation principle." In Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2021, edited by Natan T. Shaked and Oliver Hayden. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2572908.
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Lu, Meng, Hye-Seung Lee, David Hadley, Jianhua Z. Huang, and Xiaoning Qian. "Logistic principal component analysis for rare variants in gene-environment interaction analysis." In 2012 IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics (GENSIPS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gensips.2012.6507744.
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Glasbrenner, J. K., J. M. An, J. Kudrnovský, V. Drchal, S. Khmelevskyi, I. Turek, and K. D. Belashchenko. "First-principles calculations of transport and magnetic properties of rare-earth materials." In SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, edited by Henri-Jean Drouhin, Jean-Eric Wegrowe, and Manijeh Razeghi. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.930936.
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Çilliler, Yavuz. "The Influence of Political Economy on the “Self-Determination of Peoples”." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01856.
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The right of peoples to "self-determination” is influenced by varying motives in different times and geographies in its implementation, and is rarely operated according to its foundational ethic and legal bases dating back to the Kantian concept of free will and the international laws codified after the World War II. Particularly, political economy has always played an important but usually covered role in the application of this principle to national or international disputes.
This paper aims to explain the dominance of political economy in international decision making processes about the people making a claim for their own state, and to highlight the changing nature of political economy supporting sometimes the sovereign states and sometimes the sub-state level ethnic groups. In this context, the theoretical development and the application of “self-determination” principle is assessed relatively by historical comparison method. Field research for the study comprises archival research of primary and secondary resources.
This paper concludes that the political economy has usually greater influence on the application of “self-determination” to the national and international disputes than its ethic and legal content, and that the paradoxical content of this principle contributes to the redistribution of lands usually in compliance with the interests of great powers.
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Boldea, Afrodita liliana. "APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF DIDACTICS TO THE E-LEARNING TEACHING OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-072.
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Applying the Principles of Didactics to the E-learning teaching of Astronomy and Astrophysics Boldea Afrodita Liliana1, 2 1 Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering M?gurele, 2University of Craiova, ROMANIA Abstract: The recent development of the Internet, associated with the new facilities for dissemination of scientific information in the world, have produced a deep change in the approach and the learning of some scientific fields. Teaching principles are general, systemic, normative and open concepts that underpin the attainment of educational objectives and govern the design, organization and conduct of teaching. In this paper it will exemplify the application of Principles of Didactics in the teaching of Computational Astronomy and Astrophysics. For perfect organization and development of the educational process, the teacher should observe and apply the correct principles of teaching with using modern teaching methods. The informal environment of the Observational Astronomy represents a significant reservoir of knowledge and can be a major source of innovation for new methods of teaching and learning sciences in schools and universities. In this context, the paper presents some informal e-learning methods, adapted for teaching and learning the Observational and the Computational Astronomy and tested recently on groups of students from University of Craiova. The finality of the experiment was to insert the students directly into some hot topics of astronomical research, starting only with the basically knowledge derived from astronomy and astrophysics popularisation sites and studying in small interactive autonomous groups. The role of the teacher was reduced to a long distance documentation selector and at a mediator between divergent approaches of different groups or different interpretation of astronomy notions. The methodology used was characteristically to the On-line Enriched (Driver) Model from E-learning, where the learning process is largely delivered on-line, with only rare periodically physical contact with a teacher. The approach, derived from Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) philosophy, included three steps: a formalization of some recent problems in Astronomy, with a continuous feed-back inside the testes group of students, an extended individual documentary research, based on the virtual lab principle, and a final analysis of the results of this investigation, when the students were asked to propose and sustain a planning of lessons in astronomy for teaching the studied concepts and facts to secondary level scholars.
Reports on the topic "Principe de rareté"
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Page, Kelly, Alexandra Merritt Johnson, Kristen Franklin, Bria Carter, Marilys Galindo, Teresa Solorzano, Sangyeon Lee, and Zohal Shah. Learning Transition Design Principles for Learning and Employment Records: Co-designing for Equity. Digital Promise, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/185.
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Emerging technologies such as learning, and employment records (LER) have been identified as a promising solution for historically and systematically excluded (HSE) learners and workers to share and access their learning- and skills-data from their individual learning journeys and transitions. However, learning journeys are rarely linear; the way in which learners and workers may demonstrate and get recognized for their skills and competencies may evolve over time. Further, systemic barriers and inequities embedded in the learning journeys of HSE communities, disproportionately impact their ability to enter and persist in the education and workforce ecosystem. It is critical for LERs to be designed as accessible and equitably for HSE communities to mitigate systemic and structural inequities in the education and workforce ecosystem. With the generous support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Digital Promise collaborated with HSE adult learners and workers, to establish a set of design principles to inform the development of LER technologies for use over an individual’s learning and career journeys, including their learning transitions. Through one-on-one interviews and group workshops with HSE adult learners and workers, fundamental design principles have been identified to influence LER data infrastructure from education to the workforce.
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Page, Kelly, Alexandra Merritt Johnson, Kristen Franklin, Bria Carter, Marilys Galindo, Teresa Solorzano, Sangyeon Lee, and Zohal Shah. Learning Transition Design Principles for Learning and Employment Records: Co-designing for Equity. Digital Promise, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/183.
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Emerging technologies such as learning, and employment records (LER) have been identified as a promising solution for historically and systematically excluded (HSE) learners and workers to share and access their learning- and skills-data from their individual learning journeys and transitions. However, learning journeys are rarely linear; the way in which learners and workers may demonstrate and get recognized for their skills and competencies may evolve over time. Further, systemic barriers and inequities embedded in the learning journeys of HSE communities, disproportionately impact their ability to enter and persist in the education and workforce ecosystem. It is critical for LERs to be designed as accessible and equitably for HSE communities to mitigate systemic and structural inequities in the education and workforce ecosystem. With the generous support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Digital Promise collaborated with HSE adult learners and workers, to establish a set of design principles to inform the development of LER technologies for use over an individual’s learning and career journeys, including their learning transitions. Through one-on-one interviews and group workshops with HSE adult learners and workers, fundamental design principles have been identified to influence LER data infrastructure from education to the workforce.
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Pautz Stephenson, Stefani, Rebecca Banks, and Deblina Pakhira. Practitioners at the Center: Catalyzing Research on Problems of Practice in Realistic Settings. Digital Promise, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/164.
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SEERNet’s goal is to enable alignment of research on digital learning platforms to the Institute of Education Sciences’ Standards for Excellence in Education Research (SEER) and thereby make research more rigorous, transparent, actionable, inclusive, and focused on consequential impacts. While researchers have long aspired to study problems of value to the field, the conception of research questions rarely is in partnership with practitioners. Without voices from the field, researchers do not have the deep understanding of educator, student, and system needs that are essential for ensuring research will impact decision-making. This paper will discuss a national call for involving practitioners in research question design, strategies for partnerships with practitioners, and SEERNet’s guiding principles for practitioner engagement. It will also introduce how needs and research question ideas were developed through SEERNet’s Office Hours.
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Vestergaard, Jakob, and Daniela Gabor. Central Banks Caught Between Market Liquidity and Fiscal Disciplining: A Money View Perspective on Collateral Policy. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp170.
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Despite much attention to unconventional monetary policies after the financial crisis, the collateral policies of central banks are rarely discussed. And when they are, the haircuts applied to assets pledged to access central bank liquidity tend not to be analyzed. An exception to these trends is the recent work by Nyborg (2017), who argues that the collateral policies adopted by the European Central Bank (ECB) aggravated the sovereign debt crisis and put the survival of the euro at risk. Taking our point of departure in the money view literature (Mehrling 2011), we argue however that Nyborg’s critique of the ECB’s crisis response is misguided and that his proposal to deepen and reinforce the ECBs role in the fiscal disciplining of member states would be procyclical and destabilizing. Through our analysis of Nyborg’s work and the ECBs crisis response, we identify core principles for countercyclical collateral policies suitable for market-based financial systems.
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Thorpe, Jodie, Alisha Ault, Iana Barenboim, Luize Guimarães, Evert-jan Quak, and Katia Taela. Learning from Entrepreneurship Programming for Women’s Economic Empowerment. Institute of Development Studies, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/muva.2023.001.
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MUVA is a social incubator dedicated to developing innovative approaches to the economic empowerment of women in Mozambique. This paper documents experiences from two MUVA projects supporting women’s economic empowerment through entrepreneurship, and draws out broader insights and principles of relevance to other similar programmes. Barriers to women’s economic empowerment and strategies to overcome these barriers are both individual and systemic, visible and invisible. MUVA’s approach to supporting women’s economic empowerment through entrepreneurship involves tailoring three core elements to the specific context of different profiles of women business owners, including urban informal vegetable and fruit traders (MUVA+) and owners of small businesses with untapped growth potential (PAM). Both are groups of low-income female entrepreneurs that are rarely eligible for acceleration and entrepreneurship support. Core programme elements are technical skills, personal development and opportunity generation. However, the project results show that no particular intervention generates impact. Rather, what generates impact is how interventions are tailored to entrepreneurs’ specific business needs, responding to both the external context and internal constraints each group faces, through adapting methodologies that are more often used by formal businesses and policymakers. To achieve this, MUVA bundled interventions in ways that address both visible and invisible barriers and opportunities.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...
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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.
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Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).
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IMPERFECTION SENSITIVITY OF NON-TRIANGULATED CYLINDRICAL SHELL CONFIGURATIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.280.
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Non-triangulated lattice shells are rarely adopted for large structures due to their lower resistance and stability compared to triangulated shells. As a result, only a few studies are available for the stability evaluation of non-triangulated shell configurations. However, these shell structures can be used for roofs with lower dimensions and lower resistance requirements. As studies related to the imperfection of non-triangulated shell structures are rare, an attempt has been made to study the effect of initial geometric imperfection on the overall resistance of cylindrical shells created using parameterisation principles. The influence of the different magnitude of initial geometric imperfection on the overall resistance of non-triangulated reticulated shells was studied under the uniform gravity load. The results illustrate the significant influence of initial geometric imperfection on the load capacity of non-triangulated shell configurations compared to the triangulated shell configurations. The effect of the initial geometric imperfection on the load capacity increases with the edge valency of faces and decreases with the edge valency of vertices. This study provides information to designers for designing non-triangulated shell structures by considering initial geometric imperfections encountered in the system.
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Honduras: Postpartum and postabortion patients want family planning. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2001.1014.
Full textAbstract:
Approximately half of deliveries in Honduras take place in hospitals, however hospitals rarely offer family planning (FP) services to postpartum or postabortion patients. In 1999, the Honduran Ministry of Health and the Population Council began a two-year project to expand access to FP counseling and methods following childbirth or treatment for incomplete abortion. The intervention built upon a previous Population Council project that showed that 30 percent of women hospitalized for a delivery or an abortion-related complication were interested in adopting an FP method prior to discharge. In all five hospitals participating in the study, delivery was the principal reason for admission. Admission for abortion complications was also relatively common. The intervention consisted of training all staff members assisting postpartum and postabortion women in FP service promotion and counseling; training 65 physicians and nurses in contraceptive methodology; providing FP methods, equipment, and educational aids; and supervising activities. As detailed in this brief, when providers were trained to provide FP counseling and methods to postpartum and postabortion women, the proportion of women receiving this information doubled and the proportion who received a method tripled.