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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Skotnicki, M. L., P. M. Selkirk, and S. D. Boger. "New records of three moss species (Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum, Schistidium antarctici, and Coscinodon lawianus) from the southern Prince Charles Mountains, Mac.Robertson Land, Antarctica." Polar Record 48, no. 4 (April 2, 2012): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247412000186.

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ABSTRACTWe have used a combination of traditional morphological examination and molecular DNA analysis to characterise 16 moss specimens collected from the Mawson Escarpment and Clemence Massif, exposures of bedrock and glacial debris in the southern Prince Charles Mountains of East Antarctica. The nuclear ribosomal ITS region and the chloroplast rps4 gene were sequenced and compared with those of other mosses known from coastal East Antarctica. The moss specimens from the southern Prince Charles Mountains were identified as Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) D. T. Holyoak and N. Pedersen, Schistidium antarctici (Cardot) ‘L.I. Savicz & Smirnova’ and Coscinodon lawianus (J.H. Willis) Ochyra. These constitute a new record for S. antarctici in the Prince Charles Mountains, and confirm and extend southwards previous records for P. pseudotriquetrum and C. lawianus in the region.

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2

Corvino, Adrian F. "Flanking folds and boudins in the Prince Charles Mountains." Journal of Structural Geology 32, no. 1 (January 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2008.01.014.

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3

Arne, Dennis C. "Phanerozoic exhumation history of northern Prince Charles Mountains (East Antarctica)." Antarctic Science 6, no. 1 (March 1994): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000106.

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Apatite fission-track data from samples of Precambrian basement, Late Permian Triassic sedimentary rocks and inferred Cretaceous intrusive bodies are used to constrain the low-temperature (i.e. sub ~110°C) thermal history of the northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. Two discrete phases of cooling have been identified, both of which are attributed to regional exhumation associated with rifting episodes. A phase of late Palaeozoic cooling, that began during the Carboniferous, is inferred to have been associated with the initial formation of the Lambert Graben. A more recent phase of cooling was initiated during the Early Cretaceous and is estimated to have locally involved the removal of at least 2 km of material using an assumed palaeotemperature gradient of ~25°C km−1 at the time of cooling. This latter phase of exhumation was closely accompanied by the emplacement of a variety of mafic alkaline rocks at ambient palaeotemperatures less than ~60°C and was probably related to renewed extension of the Lambert Graben during the break-up of eastern Gondwana. The results of this study suggest that final exhumation of high-grade Precambrian basement of the northern Price Charles Mountains was largely controlled by Phanerozoic rifting events.

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4

Carson, C. J., S. D. Boger, C. M. Fanning, C. J. L. Wilson, and D. E. Thost. "SHRIMP U–Pb geochronology from Mount Kirkby, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 12, no. 4 (December 2000): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102000000523.

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Sensitive High Resolution Ion MicroProbe (SHRIMP) U–Pb zircon dating of pegmatites from Mount Kirkby, northern Prince Charles Mountains, east Antarctica indicates felsic intrusive activity at 991 ± 22 Ma and 910 ± 18 Ma. Pegmatite emplacement occurred during prolonged high-grade early Neoproterozoic tectonism. These ages correlate well with previously published U–Pb zircon ages obtained from felsic intrusive bodies elsewhere within the northern Prince Charles Mountains. Early Palaeozoic activity at Mount Kirkby is restricted to the emplacement of minor planar pegmatites at 517 ± 12 Ma, which provide a maximum age for local development of discrete extensional mylonites. No conclusive evidence of tectonic or metamorphic events at c. 800 Ma and c. 500 Ma, which have been recently postulated for the region, can be identified from the presently available U–Pb zircon data.

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5

Arne, Dennis C., Roderick W. Brown, and Christopher J. Wilson. "Phanerozoic thermal history of the Northern Prince Charles Mountains, Antartica." Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 21, no. 4 (October 1993): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(93)90211-q.

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6

Munksgaard, N. C., D. E. Thost, and B. J. Hensen. "Geochemistry of Proterozoic granulites from northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102092000129.

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The late Proterozoic basement of the Porthos Range northern Prince Charles Mountains, east Antarctica, is dominated by a suite of felsic to mafic granulites derived from igneous and, less importantly, sedimentary protoliths. Compositionally, they are broadly similar to granulites occurring along the Mac. Robertson Land coast and southern Prince Charles Mountains. Ultramafic to mafic orthopyroxene' + clinopyroxene granulites with relict igneous layering occur as lenses within the felsic to mafic granulites, and show compositional evidence of a cumulate origin. The felsic to mafic granulites are intruded by several large charnockite bodies that have similarities to the Mawson Charnockite, and may have formed via a two-stage partial melting process. The charnockite and host granulites are chemically very similar, and both may have been derived from a common middle to lower crustal source region. Undepleted K/Rb ratios suggest retention of original chemistry, with variations being due to fractionation processes. Normalized trace element patterns resembling modern-day arc settings suggest that the Porthos Range granulites were possibly generated in a subduction zone environment.

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7

Gogorev, R. M., and Z. M. Pushina. "Сentric diatoms (Biddulphiales, Hemiaulales, Rhizosoleniales, Chaetocerotales, Bacillariophyta) from Neogene deposits of the Fisher Massif (Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica)." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 46 (2012): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2012.46.36.

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Detailed data on morphology and taxonomy of 11 species of centric diatoms from the Neogene glacial-marine sediments of the Fisher Massif (Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica) are presented. Two new species Dicladia antarctica Gogorev et Pushina sp. nov. and Trigonium antarcticum Gogorev et Pushina sp. nov. are described.

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8

Kamenev, E., A. V. Andronikov, E. V. Mikhalsky, N. N. Krasnikov, and K. Stüwe. "Soviet geological maps of the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctic Shield." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, no. 5 (October 1993): 501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099308728100.

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9

Cantrill, David J., Andrew N. Drinnan, and John A. Webb. "Late Triassic plant fossils from the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 7, no. 1 (March 1995): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102095000095.

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Megafloral remains recovered from the Jetty Member and the upper part of the Flagstone Bench Formation, Amery Group include Dicroidium and Pagiophyllum. Dicroidium zuberi and D. crassinervis forma stelznerianum occur with Pteruchus dubius and support a Mid to Late Triassic age. A new species of conifer, Pagiophyllum papillatus, is recognized along with an undetermined conifer pollen cone.

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10

Corvino, Adrian F., Steven D. Boger, and Clement Fay. "Constriction structures related to viscous collision, southern Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." Journal of Structural Geology 90 (September 2016): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.08.005.

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11

Czechowski, Paul, Duanne White, Laurence Clarke, Alan McKay, Alan Cooper, and Mark I. Stevens. "Age-related environmental gradients influence invertebrate distribution in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 12 (December 2016): 160296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160296.

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The potential impact of environmental change on terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems can be explored by inspecting biodiversity patterns across large-scale gradients. Unfortunately, morphology-based surveys of Antarctic invertebrates are time-consuming and limited by the cryptic nature of many taxa. We used biodiversity information derived from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to elucidate the relationship between soil properties and invertebrate biodiversity in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. Across 136 analysed soil samples collected from Mount Menzies, Mawson Escarpment and Lake Terrasovoje, we found invertebrate distribution in the Prince Charles Mountains significantly influenced by soil salinity and/or sulfur content. Phyla Tardigrada and Arachnida occurred predominantly in low-salinity substrates with abundant nutrients, whereas Bdelloidea (Rotifera) and Chromadorea (Nematoda) were more common in highly saline substrates. A significant correlation between invertebrate occurrence, soil salinity and time since deglaciation indicates that terrain age indirectly influences Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity, with more recently deglaciated areas supporting greater diversity. Our study demonstrates the value of HTS metabarcoding to investigate environmental constraints on inconspicuous soil biodiversity across large spatial scales.

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12

Phillips, G., D. E. Kelsey, A. F. Corvino, and R. A. Dutch. "Continental Reworking during Overprinting Orogenic Events, Southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Journal of Petrology 50, no. 11 (October 10, 2009): 2017–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egp065.

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13

Boger, S. D., C. J. Carson, C. M. Fanning, J. M. Hergt, C. J. L. Wilson, and J. D. Woodhead. "Pan-African intraplate deformation in the northern Prince Charles Mountains, east Antarctica." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 195, no. 3-4 (February 2002): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(01)00587-8.

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14

CANTRILL, DAVID J., and ANDREW N. DRINNAN. "Late Triassic megaspores from the Amery Group, Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 18, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518.1994.9638765.

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15

Wei, L. J., J. I. Raine, and X. H. Liu. "Terrestrial palynomorphs of the Cenozoic Pagodroma Group, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 26, no. 1 (May 14, 2013): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102013000278.

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AbstractTerrestrial palynomorphs from the glaciomarine Pagodroma Group provide the first stratigraphically-constrained record of Cenozoic terrestrial vegetation for the northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. In general, contemporaneous spores and pollen are extremely sparse, but palynological assemblages of the late middle–late Miocene Fisher Bench Formation and Battye Glacier Formation have relatively more abundant Cenozoic spores and pollen compared with those of the Oligocene Mount Johnston Formation and the Pliocene–early Pleistocene Bardin Bluffs Formation. Spore-pollen assemblages from the Battye Glacier Formation and the Fisher Bench Formation are dominated by Chenopodipollis, with a few other accessory angiosperm and podocarp pollen, pteridophyte and bryophyte spores, and algal cysts, reflecting a low diversity herb-tundra vegetation and a climate similar to the present-day cool to cold sub-Antarctic regions. Reworked Permian–Triassic miospores in Amery oasis (unofficial name) sediments probably indicate local provenance from the Amery Group but Jurassic–Cretaceous and possible early Cenozoic miospores reflect an unknown source.

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16

McKelvey, B. C., and N. C. N. Stephenson. "A geological reconnaissance of the Radok Lake area, Amery Oasis, Prince Charles Mountains." Antarctic Science 2, no. 1 (March 1990): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102090000062.

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At Radok Lake, northern Prince Charles Mountains, more than 2500 m of Permian Amery Group strata in the Beaver Lake graben are downfaulted against a Proterozoic metamorphic basement. An irregular blanket of late Cenozoic Pagodroma Tillite, up to 100 m thick, overlies the Permian strata and Proterozoic basement. The metamorphic basement comprises repeatedly deformed, high-grade felsic, mafic, aluminous and minor calc-silicate rocks derived from igneous and sedimentary precursors. Low- to medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism, assumed to be the ~1000 Ma event widely recorded in the East Antarctic Shield, was followed by incipient to moderate amphibolite-facies retrogression. Three folding events are recognized. Sporadic occurrences of pseudotachylite in the basement represent seismic faulting after substantial uplift and erosion. At the southern end of Radok Lake the Permian coarse alluvial fan facies, the Radok Conglomerate, is overlain disconformably by the Dart Fields Conglomerate, a basal member of the Bainmedart Coal Measures. Five kilometres along strike the deltaic Panorama Point beds, containing sideritic ironstone strata, are overlain conformably by arkosic sandstones of the basal Bainmedart Coal Measures. The Amery Group is intruded by two alnöite sills and at least five altered alkaline mafic dykes. The Pagodroma Tillite contains reworked marine microfossils and records the erosion of higher latitude Cenozoic marine sequences by an expanding ancestral Lambert Glacier.

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17

Mikhalsky, Eugene V., and John W. Sheraton. "Association of dolerite and lamprophyre dykes, Jetty Peninsula (Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica)." Antarctic Science 5, no. 3 (September 1993): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102093000392.

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A compositionally varied swarm of mafic dykes in the Jetty Peninsula area was emplaced about 320 Ma ago (K-Ar age). There are three major groups: Group 1 dykes range from transitional-alkaline dolerites to camptonites, Group 2 are trachydolerites, and Group 3 are diorite to quartz diorite porphyries. Group 1 dykes have very similar ratios of most incompatible elements and were derived from the same (or a very similar) enriched lithospheric mantle source region (∈Nd −0.18 to −3.05) with high Nb and Ta (i.e., OIB, ocean island basalt, characteristics). However, the presence of several distinct subgroups with different incompatible element abundances implies significantly different degrees of melting. Group 2 trachy dolerites are much more fractionated (mg 22–36), but were apparently derived from a similar, although somewhat more enriched (∈Nd −2.26 to −4.63) source. Group 3 diorites are compositionally quite distinct and may have been derived by intracrustal melting. Enrichment of the mantle source(s) of Groups 1 and 2 dykes apparently occurred about the same time as high-grade metamorphism in the area, and may have been coeval with crust formation in nearby parts of Gondwana.

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18

Alexeev, N. L., V. A. Maslov, V. D. Kaminsky, V. S. Semenov, E. S. Bogomolov, I. N. Kapitonov, N. A. Gonzhurov, A. Yu Melnik, and M. S. Yegorov. "New data on the age of metamorphic rocks from the granite-greenstone ruker terrane (the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica)." Доклады Академии наук 487, no. 6 (September 10, 2019): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524876644-649.

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Paper presents results of isotope studies of primary igneous and sedimentary rocks of Mawson and Menzies series from the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. Obtained data show that igneous protholith crystallization of Mawson orthogneiss occurred at 3164,2±9,2-3163,2±7,8 Ma ago. The Mawson orthogneiss were a basement for Menzies series sediment. The maximum time of sediment deposition is estimated to be in the range of 3,0-3,1 Ga. Sediment protholith involves an admixture of Paleoarchean material.

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19

Mikhalsky, E. V., A. A. Laiba, B. V. Beliatsky, and K. Stüwe. "Geology, age and origin of the Mount Willing area (Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica)." Antarctic Science 11, no. 3 (September 1999): 338–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102099000437.

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Mount Willing in the Prince Charles Mountains (East Antarctica) is part of the Fisher Volcano–plutonic complex which formed as part of the global-scale Grenvillian mobile belt system. Mount Willing is composed of four rock complexes: 1) a metamorphic sequence, 2) gabbro intrusions, 3) deformed felsic intrusives, and 4) abundant post-metamorphic dykes and veins. Three rock types constitute the metamorphic sequence: amphibole–biotite felsic plagiogneiss, mafic to intermediate biotite–amphibole schist, and biotite paragneiss. The bulk composition of the mafic schists classifies them as tholeiitic basalts, and rarely as basaltic andesites or andesites. Index mg ranges widely from 47 to 71. Concentrations of TiO2, P2O5, and high-field strength elements are high in some rocks. These rocks are thought to have been derived from enriched (subcontinental) mantle sources. Sm–Nd and U–Pb isotopic data indicate a series of Mesoproterozoic thermal events between 1100 and 1300 Ma. In particular, these events occurred at 1289 ± 10 Ma (volcanic activity), at 1177 ± 16 Ma (tonalite intrusion), at 1112.7 ± 2.4 and at 1009 ± 54 Ma (amphibolite facies metamorphic events). Rb–Sr systematics also indicates a thermal overprint at 636 ± 13 Ma. Mafic schists show low initial 877Sr/86Sr ratios between 0.7024 and 0.7030. Felsic rocks show higher Sri values between 0.7037 and 0.7061. Basaltic andesite metavolcanic and plutonic rocks form a calc-alkaline evolutionary trend, and probably originated from subduction-modified mantle sources in a convergent plate margin environment. An oceanic basin may have existed in central Prince Charles Mountains about 1300 Ma ago and was closed as a result of continental collision around 1000 to 800 Ma.

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20

Whitehead, Jason M., and Barrie C. McKelvey. "Cenozoic glacigene sedimentation and erosion at the Menzies Range, southern Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 48, no. 161 (2002): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756502781831340.

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AbstractThe Menzies Range in the southern Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica, records at least four intervals of Cenozoic terrestrial glacigene sedimentation, and two periods of glacial erosion. The oldest Cenozoic strata, here named the Pardoe Formation, are >240 m thick, and consist of variable diamicts with subordinate sandstones and minor laminated lacustrine siltstones. The Pardoe Formation overlies a rugged erosion surface cut into Precambrian basement. Two subsequent Cenozoic sequences are here named informally the Trail diamicts and the younger Amphitheatre diamicts. The latter infilled the lower regions of an extremely rugged erosion surface, many components of which still dominate the present topography. The palaeodrainage of this erosion surface is markedly discordant with that of the older erosion surface underlying the Pardoe Formation. These three depositional events and the two associated erosion surfaces record warmer climates and increased snow accumulation under conditions of temperate wet-based glaciation. During the excavation of the sub-Amphitheatre diamict erosion surface, the East Antarctic ice sheet was either absent, further inland or the height of its surface relative to the Menzies Range was considerably lower than at present. The fourth and youngest depositional episode, recorded by a veneer of boulder gravel distributed along the northern flank of the Menzies Range, is from dry-based glacier ice, and assumed to be <2.6 Myr.

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21

STEPHENSON, N. C. N., and N. D. J. COOK*. "Metamorphic evolution of calcsilicate granulites near Battye Glacier, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 15, no. 3 (March 1997): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.00024.x.

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22

McLoughlin, Stephen, Andrew N. Drinnan, Ben J. Slater, and Jason Hilton. "Paurodendron stellatum: A new Permian permineralized herbaceous lycopsid from the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 220 (September 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.04.004.

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23

WHITEHEAD, J. M., D. M. HARWOOD, B. C. McKELVEY, M. J. HAMBREY, and A. McMINN. "Diatom biostratigraphy of the Cenozoic glaciomarine Pagodroma Group, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica*." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 4 (August 2004): 521–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1400-0952.2004.01072.x.

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24

MCLOUGHLIN, STEPHEN, and ANDREW N. DRINNAN. "Revised stratigraphy of the Permian Bainmedart Coal Measures, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Geological Magazine 134, no. 3 (May 1997): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756897006870.

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The Bainmedart Coal Measures constitute the middle portion of the Permian–Triassic Amery Group, which represents the only substantial Palaeozoic–Mesozoic sedimentary succession exposed in eastern Antarctica outside the Transantarctic Mountains. The coal measures disconformably or unconformably overlie alluvial fan deposits of the Radok Conglomerate and are conformably overlain by the dominantly fluviatile Flagstone Bench Formation. The coal measures were deposited within alluvial settings dominated by north to northeasterly flowing, low-sinuosity rivers chiefly confined to broad, fault-bounded, valleys of the Lambert Graben, a major late Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic failed rift system. Both climatic and local tectonic factors are considered to have been the major influences on the pattern of coal measure sedimentation. Recent mapping has identified a much greater thickness of sediments within the coal measures than had been inferred previously. The Bainmedart Coal Measures are formally subdivided into six members. In ascending stratigraphic order these are: Dart Fields Conglomerate Member (<3 m thick), Toploje Member (c. 300 m thick), Dragons Teeth Member (15–25 m thick), Glossopteris Gully Member (c. 670 m thick), Grainger Member (c. 350 m thick) and McKinnon Member (c. 530 m thick).

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25

Czechowski, Paul, Laurence J. Clarke, Jimmy Breen, Alan Cooper, and Mark I. Stevens. "Antarctic eukaryotic soil diversity of the Prince Charles Mountains revealed by high-throughput sequencing." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 95 (April 2016): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.12.013.

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26

Berg, Sonja, Duanne A. White, Wolf-Dieter Hermichen, and Louise Emmerson. "Late Holocene colonisation of snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea) of the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." Polar Biology 42, no. 6 (May 16, 2019): 1167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02509-0.

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27

Stephenson, N. C. N., and N. D. J. Cook. "High KNa alkaline mafic dykes near Radok Lake, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Lithos 29, no. 1-2 (December 1992): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(92)90035-w.

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28

Webb, J. A., and C. R. Fielding. "Revised stratigraphical nomenclature for the Permo-Triassic Flagstone Bench Formation, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 5, no. 4 (December 1993): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102093000549.

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The East Antarctic Craton contains only one substantial outcrop of Palaeozoic–Mesozoic strata between 0° and 150°E; this lies in Mac. Robertson Land, on the eastern margin of the northern Prince Charles Mountains. These rocks are known as the Amery Group (Mond 1972, McKelvey & Stephenson 1990) and comprise dominantly fluviatile sandstones, with subordinate shales, coals and conglomerates. The lower formations of the Amery Group, the Radok Conglomerate and Bainmedart Coal Measures, contain a diverse Stage 5 palynomorph assemblage indicating a Baigendzhinian–Tatarian age (late Early–Late Permian, hereafter abbreviated as mid–Late Permian; Dibner 1978).

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29

Fitzsimons, I. C. W., and D. E. Thost. "Geological relationships in high‐grade basement gneiss of the northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 2 (May 1992): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099208728013.

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30

Stilwell, J. D., D. M. Harwood, and J. M. Whitehead. "Mid-Tertiary macroinvertebrate-rich clasts from the Battye Glacier Formation, Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 14, no. 1 (March 2002): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102002000597.

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Macrofossils discovered in the Battye Glacier Formation (Pagodroma Group) of the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica, provide important insight into marine life of the mid-Tertiary, rarely preserved elsewhere on the continent. Recorded are five species of macroinvertebrates; these are Adamussium n. sp.? cf. colbecki (Smith, 1902) (Bivalvia), Laternula? sp. (Laternulidae), Mytilidae genus and species indeterminate (Bivalvia), Bivalvia genus and species indeterminate, and Polychaeta genus and species indeterminate. Based on stratigraphical data and faunal composition, the clasts are dated as no younger than Early Miocene. This is one of the oldest reports of Adamussium from Antarctica, previously known from the Late Pliocene to Recent with a possible record in the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene. Palaeoecological data and facies analysis indicate that these taxa inhabited a shallow- to mid-shelf marine environment of normal salinity that was oligotrophic. The substrate was a soft, pebbly and sandy bottom that was sufficiently mobile to sponsor deep burrowing forms.

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31

Mikhalsky, E. V., J. W. Sheraton, A. A. Laiba, and B. V. Beliatsky. "Geochemistry and origin of Mesoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks from Fisher Massif, Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 8, no. 1 (March 1996): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102096000120.

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Fisher Massif consists of Mesoproterozoic (c. 1300 Ma) lower amphibolite-facies metavolcanic rocks and associated metasediments, intruded by a variety of subvolcanic and plutonic bodies (gabbro to granite). It differs in both composition and metamorphic grade from the rest of the northern Prince Charles Mountains, which were metamorphosed to granulite facies about 1000 m.y. ago. The metavolcanic rocks consist mainly of basalt, but basaltic andesite, andesite, and more felsic rocks (dacite, rhyodacite, and rhyolite) are also common. Most of the basaltic rocks have compositions similar to low-K island arc tholeiites, but some are relatively Nb-rich and more akin to P-MORB. Intermediate to felsic medium to high-K volcanic rocks, which appear to postdate the basaltic succession, have calc-alkaline affinities and probably include a significant crustal component. On the present data, an active continental margin with associated island arc was the most likely tectonic setting for generation of the Fisher Massif volcanic rocks.

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32

Stephenson, N. C. N. "Geochemistry of granulite‐facies granitic rocks from Battye Glacier, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 1 (February 2000): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00762.x.

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33

Holdgate, G. R., S. McLoughlin, A. N. Drinnan, R. B. Finkelman, J. C. Willett, and L. A. Chiehowsky. "Inorganic chemistry, petrography and palaeobotany of Permian coals in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." International Journal of Coal Geology 63, no. 1-2 (July 2005): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.011.

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FINK, D., B. MCKELVEY, M. HAMBREY, D. FABEL, and R. BROWN. "Pleistocene deglaciation chronology of the Amery Oasis and Radok Lake, northern Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 243, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2006): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.12.006.

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35

Gogorev, R. M., and Z. V. Pushina. "Some centric diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Neogene deposits of the Fisher Massif (Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica)." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 45 (2011): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2011.45.32.

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The richest diatom complexes have revealed due to the study of glacial-marine sediments sampled in the Fisher Massif (Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica) during 52nd and 53rd Russian Antarctic Expeditions (Polar Marine Geol. Survey Expedition) in 2006/07 and 2007/08. Three diatom complexes are distinguished according to different palaeoecological conditions: the planktonic one is located in the basis of the outcrop, while mixed planktonic-benthic and benthic ones being located above. The planktonic diatom complexes are dominated by two oceanic species Actinocyclus ingens (up to 8%) and Denticulopsis simonseni (up to 80%). There are 15 planktonic algae, e. g. Eucampia аntarctica, Fragilariopsis spp., Rhizosolenia spp., Rouxia antarctica, Podosira antarctica sp. nov., Stellarima microtrias; and also unknown and non-described benthic diatoms Achnanthes sp., Cocconeis spp., Rhabdonema (s. l.) spp. and Synedra (s. l.) spp. Detailed data on morphology and taxonomy of 10 centric diatoms are presented, including 3 newly described species.

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Lindström, Sofie, Stephen McLoughlin, and Andrew N. Drinnan. "Intraspecific Variation of Taeniate Bisaccate Pollen Within Permian Glossopterid Sporangia, from the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." International Journal of Plant Sciences 158, no. 5 (September 1997): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/297479.

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Beliatsky, B. V., A. A. Laiba, and E. V. Mikhalsky. "U-Pb zircon age of the metavolcanic rocks of Fisher Massif (Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica)." Antarctic Science 6, no. 3 (September 1994): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000544.

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Fisher Massif is believed to represent less metamorphosed portions of an extensive Proterozoic mobile belt, and is composed of metavolcanic rocks of different compositions and numerous intrusive bodies. U-Pb dating of six zircon fractions recovered from metavolcanic rocks of intermediate to acidic compositions defines growth time at c.1300 Ma with prominent Pb losses at 364 Ma and in recent time. Grain morphologies do not provide unequivocal genetic evidence, but an igneous origin for the grains studied is the most probable. The dates obtained probably reflect igneous activity be co-eval with mafic dyke emplacement event elsewhere in ancient East Antarctic cratonic blocks.

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Krebs, Kim A., and Mark C. G. Mabin. "Distribution, activity and characteristics of the alpine-type glaciers of northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 9, no. 3 (September 1997): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102097000394.

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Alpine-type valley and cirque glaciers occur in many massifs in the northern Prince Charles Mountains. A total of forty-seven glaciers have been investigated using maps and aerial photographs, and in the summer of 1991–92 seventeen of these were examined in the field. The distribution of these glaciers and their present-day snowline line altitudes appear to be influenced by their location with respect to snow-bearing winds, particularly the summer winds that bring moisture from the open waters of Prydz Bay. Moraine morphologies indicate that these glaciers advance and retreat out-of-phase with the larger ice sheet outlet glaciers. During the last glacial maximum the alpine-type glaciers retreated while the ice sheet outlet glaciers showed a minor expansion. This is believed to be due to the alpine-type glaciers being starved of snowfall as the expanded last glacial maximum sea-ice cover around the continent would have removed their maritime moisture sources. Recent contrasts in the behaviour of the alpine glaciers may reflect changes in summer sea ice extent in Prydz Bay.

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McLean, Mark A., Timothy J. Rawling, Peter G. Betts, Glen Phillips, and Chris J. L. Wilson. "Three-dimensional inversion modelling of a Neoproterozoic basin in the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Tectonophysics 456, no. 3-4 (August 2008): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.04.023.

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Majewski, Wojciech, Andrzej Tatur, Jakub Witkowski, and Andrzej Gaździcki. "Rich shallow-water benthic ecosystem in Late Miocene East Antarctica (Fisher Bench Fm, Prince Charles Mountains)." Marine Micropaleontology 133 (May 2017): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2017.06.002.

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Slater, Ben J., Stephen McLoughlin, and Jason Hilton. "A high-latitude Gondwanan lagerstätte: The Permian permineralised peat biota of the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." Gondwana Research 27, no. 4 (June 2015): 1446–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.01.004.

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De Vries Van Leeuwen, Alexander T., Laura J. Morrissey, David E. Kelsey, and Tom Raimondo. "Recognition of Pan-African-aged metamorphism in the Fisher Terrane, central Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Journal of the Geological Society 176, no. 4 (February 12, 2019): 785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-146.

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McKelvey, B. C., M. J. Hambrey, D. M. Harwood, M. C. G. Mabin, P. N. Webb, and J. M. Whitehead. "The Pagodroma Group – a Cenozoic record of the East Antarctic ice sheet in the northern Prince Charles Mountains." Antarctic Science 13, no. 4 (December 2001): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410200100061x.

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The northern Prince Charles Mountains overlook the western side of the 700 km long Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf drainage system. Within these mountains, at Amery Oasis (70°50′S, 68°00′E) and Fisher Massif (71°31′S, 67°40′E), the Cenozoic glaciomarine Pagodroma Group consists of four uplifted Miocene and Pliocene–early Pleistocene formations here named the Mount Johnston, Fisher Bench, Battye Glacier and Bardin Bluffs formations. These are composed of massive and stratified diamicts, boulder gravels and minor laminated sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. Each formation rests on either Precambrian metamorphic rocks, or on Permo-Triassic fluvial strata. The unconformity surfaces are parts of the walls and floors of palaeofjords. The Miocene Fisher Bench Formation exceeds 350 m in thickness at Fisher Massif, where the yet older Miocene (or Oligocene) Mount Johnston Formation overlies basement rocks at up to 1400 m above sea level. Individual formations contain either Miocene diatoms, or else Pliocene–early Pleistocene diatom-foram assemblages. The diamicts are interpreted as fjordal ice-proximal or ice-contact sediments, deposited seawards of tidewater glacier fronts located some 250 to 300 km inland of the present ocean margin. Each formation records an ice recession following a glacial expansion.

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Wilson, C. "An earth modified by global change – but how much do we know about the evolution of our planet?" Antarctic Science 9, no. 3 (September 1997): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102097000308.

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This issue contains contributions from a Prince Charles Mountains workshop and the Selwyn Symposium, held at The University of Melbourne in October 1996. The A.R. Selwyn Lecture, presented by Pat Quilty, raised key questions about the new relationships between scientists and administrators and the way that science is justified and funded. Non-scientists are taking a far greater role in deciding the directions of science and the questions that will be addressed. He highlighted the follies in the current fashion of using the last million years of geological history to understand global change and how this misses the point that much more dramatic changes have occurred in earth history including those recorded in some of Antarctica's older rocks.

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Phillips, Glen, Chris J. L. Wilson, and David Phillips. "Early Palaeozoic cooling of the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica: Synchronous cooling of three stratigraphic levels." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2006, no. 1 (December 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2006ab133.

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46

Slater, Ben J., Stephen McLoughlin, and Jason Hilton. "Peronosporomycetes (Oomycota) from a Middle Permian Permineralised Peat within the Bainmedart Coal Measures, Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (August 2, 2013): e70707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070707.

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47

Whitehead, J. M., and B. C. McKelvey. "The stratigraphy of the Pliocene—lower Pleistocene Bardin Bluffs Formation, Amery Oasis, northern Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 13, no. 1 (March 2001): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102001000128.

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In the Amery Oasis of the northern Prince Charles Mountains, the glaciomarine Bardin Bluffs Formation of the Pagodroma Group was deposited between the Late Pliocene (<3.1 Ma) and Early Pleistocene (>1 Ma). The formation provides evidence of (i) a reduced East Antarctic ice sheet compared to that of the present day and (ii) a subsequent Plio–Pleistocene ice sheet expansion. The formation consists of two members. The older, basal Member 1 is c. 12.5 m thick and consists of relatively ice-distal silty, sandy and sparsely fossiliferous fjordal strata. Member 1 reflects largely ice-free marine sedimentation c. 250 km inland from the current Amery Ice Shelf edge. The member is restricted to the area about the north-eastern end of Pagodroma Gorge where it infills a chemically weathered erosion surface, cut in the form of a valley on the Permo-Triassic Amery Group. Weathering occurred during aerial exposure of the Amery Oasis in a warmer climate than that of today. The younger Member 2 exceeds 40 m in thickness and is made up of coarse ice proximal glaciomarine diamicts. It overlies disconformably Member 1 at Pagodroma Gorge. Elsewhere, Member 2 rests directly upon a smoothed and striated erosion surface, cut on the Amery Group, which was part of a fjord floor. This erosional surface and the facies contrast between the two members, indicates an East Antarctic Ice Sheet expansion and Lambert Glacier grounding-line advance.

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Slater, Ben J., Stephen McLoughlin, and Jason Hilton. "Guadalupian (Middle Permian) megaspores from a permineralised peat in the Bainmedart Coal Measures, Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 167, no. 1-2 (September 2011): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.07.007.

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49

MCLOUGHLIN, STEPHEN, and ANDREW N. DRINNAN. "Fluvial sedimentology and revised stratigraphy of the Triassic Flagstone Bench Formation, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Geological Magazine 134, no. 6 (November 1997): 781–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756897007528.

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The Flagstone Bench Formation ranges in age from earliest Triassic to Norian (Late Triassic) and is exposed in the Beaver Lake area of the northern Prince Charles Mountains. This sandstone-dominated formation rests conformably on the Bainmedart Coal Measures and represents the upper part of the Permian–Triassic Amery Group. It is divisible into three members: the Ritchie, Jetty and McKelvey members (in ascending order). Nine sedimentary facies assignable to three facies associations (major channel, crevasse/fan and flood-basin deposits) are recognized within the formation. Ritchie Member sedimentation took place during a transition from consistently hygric to seasonally dry conditions and the unit comprises sandstone-dominated, sheet-like channel deposits interspersed with few, thin, mottled, haematite-rich flood-basin siltstones. Deposition took place under fluctuating discharge conditions chiefly within the channel tracts of axially (northwesterly/northeasterly) flowing, low-sinuosity braided rivers. The Jetty Member shows a gross upward-fining profile dominated in the lower part by poorly sorted pebbly sandstones and in the upper part by ferruginous mudcracked siltstones, mottled palaeosols, calcrete and thin massive sandstone sheets. This unit reflects deposition of easterly directed alluvial fans and extensive flood-basin silt under a semi-arid climatic regime. The Upper Triassic sandstone-dominated McKelvey Member shows a return to axial drainage along the Lambert Graben with sedimentation occurring primarily within low-sinuosity braided channel tracts under wetter climatic conditions.

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Goldsworthy, P. M., and P. G. Thomson. "An extreme inland breeding locality of snow petrels ( Pagodroma nivea ) in the southern Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica." Polar Biology 23, no. 10 (September 22, 2000): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000146.

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