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Journal articles on the topic 'Primitive states'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Guthman, Joshua. "“Doubts still assail me”: Uncertainty and the Making of the Primitive Baptist Self in the Antebellum United States." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 23, no. 1 (2013): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2013.23.1.75.

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AbstractThough forged in the fires of the early nineteenth-century evangelical revivals, Primitive Baptists became the most significant opponents of the burgeoning antebellum evangelical movement. The Primitives were Calvinists who despised missionaries, Sunday schools, Bible tract societies, and the other accoutrements of evangelical Protestantism. This article contends that a feeling of uncertainty dominated Primitive Baptists' lives, catalyzed their movement's rise, and fueled their strident opposition to the theological and organizational changes shaping churches across the country. For Primitive Baptists, it was their questioning–especially their experience of persistent doubt–that set them apart from evangelicals. The uncertainty that colored Primitive Baptist selfhood motivated believers rather than paralyzed them. It propelled them toward a community of like-minded souls, and it stirred those souls to action as a more ardent brand of evangelical Protestantism crowded church pews. It is in the Primitives' uncertain selves–not in their theology or their socio-economic condition–that we find the most compelling explanation of their movement's unlikely rise.

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2

Belot, Gordon. "Quantum states for primitive ontologists." European Journal for Philosophy of Science 2, no. 1 (February 8, 2011): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13194-011-0024-8.

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3

Knudson, Stephen K. "Bound primitive semiclassical diatomic electronic states." Chemical Physics 283, no. 3 (October 2002): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00769-3.

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4

Dies, Robert D. "Primitive Mental States and the Rorschach." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 179, no. 5 (May 1991): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199105000-00013.

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5

Rabkin, Leslie Y. "Primitive Mental States and the Rorschach." American Journal of Psychotherapy 44, no. 1 (January 1990): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1990.44.1.148.

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6

ACKLIN, MARVIN W. "Primitive Mental States and the Rorschach." American Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 4 (April 1990): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.4.530.

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7

Acklin, Marvin W. "Primitive Mental States and the Rorschach (Book)." Journal of Personality Assessment 55, no. 1-2 (September 1990): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674077.

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8

Acklin, Marvin. "Primitive Mental States and the Rorschach (Book)." Journal of Personality Assessment 55, no. 1 (September 1, 1990): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5501&2_37.

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9

Rieppel, O. "Ontogeny and the recognition of primitive character states." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 17, no. 1 (April 27, 2009): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1979.tb00689.x.

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10

Meloy, J. Reid. "Violent and Homicidal Behavior in Primitive Mental States." Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis 16, no. 3 (July 1988): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jaap.1.1988.16.3.381.

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11

Wan, Andrew C. A. "Primitive Cancer Cell States: A Target for Drug Screening?" Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 40, no. 3 (March 2019): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2019.01.003.

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12

Schaverien, Joy. "Imagining Animals: Art, Psychotherapy and Primitive States of Mind." Journal of Analytical Psychology 51, no. 4 (August 18, 2006): 594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5922.2006.00500_3.x.

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13

Subramanian, Sujatha. "Trauma and primitive mental states: an object relations perspective." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 101, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 1295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207578.2020.1780132.

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14

Lombardi, Riccardo. "Knowledge and experience of time in primitive mental states." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 84, no. 6 (December 2003): 1531–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1516/u57e-8cjq-n62q-d535.

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15

Lombardi, Riccardo. "Knowledge and experience of time in primitive mental states." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 84, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1531–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1516/002075703322642476.

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16

Tazaki, Kazue, and W. S. Fyfe. "Primitive clay precursors formed on feldspar." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 506–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-051.

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High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of clay formation on K-feldspar has revealed the existence of intermediate states between feldspar and crystalline clay products. During the earliest weathering stages of K-feldspar, a primitive clay precursor forms on the feldspar surface that is spotted by ion oxides. This reactive iron is incorporated into the primitive clay precursors, which have an ultrathin 150–200 Å (1 Å = 0.1 nm) circular form and 14–20 Å lattice images or long, curled fiber forms with varied lattice image spacings. The electron diffraction patterns of primitive clay precursors show diffuse rings at 2.65, 2.04, and 1.51 Å, suggesting low crystallinity, random orientation, and partial inheritance of the original structure. EDX step scanning analysis showed that the major-element concentrations of Si, Al, and K tend to decrease from unaltered parts to altered parts of precursors with substantial increase in Fe. Auger depth profiling showed the thickness of the primitive clay layers is 150–300 Å. The primitive clay precursors may well precede formation of spheroidal particles of halloysite, squat cylinders of halloysite or hexagonal crystalline, and tabuler halloysite (7 Å). SEM, XRD, SIMS, and SAM data support the TEM results.

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17

Rathjen, Joy. "The States of Pluripotency: Pluripotent Lineage Development in the Embryo and in the Dish." ISRN Stem Cells 2014 (March 24, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/208067.

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The pluripotent cell lineage of the embryo comprises a series of temporally and functionally distinct intermediary cell states, the epiblast precursor cell of the newly formed blastocyst, the epiblast population of the inner cell mass, and the early and late epiblast of the postimplantation embryo, referred to here as early and late primitive ectoderm. Pluripotent cell populations representative of the embryonic populations can be formed in culture. Although multiple pluripotent cell states are now recognised, little is known about the signals and pathways that progress cells from the epiblast precursor cell to the late primitive ectoderm in the embryo or in culture. The characterisation of cell states is most advanced in mouse where conditions for culturing distinct pluripotent cell states are well established and embryonic material is accessible. This review will focus on the pluripotent cell states present during embryonic development in the mouse and what is known of the mechanisms that regulate the progression of the lineage from the epiblast precursor cell and the ground state of pluripotency to the late primitive ectoderm present immediately prior to cell differentiation.

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18

Heaton, M. J., and R. R. Reisz. "Phylogenetic relationships of captorhinomorph reptiles." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 402–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-042.

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The Captorhinomorpha consists of two families, the Captorhinidae and the Protorothyrididae. The distribution of morphological character states of the skeleton permits reevaluation of currently accepted theories of the relationships of captorhinomorph reptiles. Identification of characters states that are primitive for reptiles (amniotes) has been made through outgroup comparison. The Captorhinidae, Protorothyrididae, and Diapsida form a natural group that share such derived characters as reduced supratemporal, reduced tabular, narrow supraoccipital with anteriorly directed crista alaris, loss of supratemporal–postorbital contact, loss of opisthotic–tabular contact, and loss of the medial centralia pedis. These shared derived character states indicate that captorhinomorphs are not the sister taxon of all other reptiles but are advanced relative to pelycosaurs, pareiasaurs, and procolophonids. Protorothyridids share with diapsids such derived characters as short postorbital region of the skull, keeled anterior presacral pleurocentra, slender limbs, and long, slender feet. This distribution of character states indicates that protorothyridids are more closely related to diapsids than either of these taxa is to captorhinids.The morphological pattern of small, lightly built, agile insectivores, represented by protorothyridids and early diapsids, is no longer considered to be the primitive amniote condition. Available evidence indicates that the most primitive amniote adaptation was, instead, that of a small, relatively slow carnivore that probably fed on primitive, terrestrial annelids and arthropods.

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19

Khan, S. J., A. Bajpai, M. A. Alam, R. P. Gupta, S. Harsh, R. K. Pandey, S. Goel-Bhattacharya, A. Nigam, A. Mishra, and P. Sinha. "Epithelial neoplasia in Drosophila entails switch to primitive cell states." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 24 (May 24, 2013): E2163—E2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212513110.

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20

Sweet, Alistair D. "Automata states and their relation to primitive mechanisms of defence." Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 24, no. 2 (June 2010): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02668731003710620.

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21

CAMPERCHOLI, MIGUEL. "DOMINIONS AND PRIMITIVE POSITIVE FUNCTIONS." Journal of Symbolic Logic 83, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2017.18.

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AbstractLetA≤Bbe structures, and${\cal K}$a class of structures. An elementb∈BisdominatedbyArelative to${\cal K}$if for all${\bf{C}} \in {\cal K}$and all homomorphismsg,g':B → Csuch thatgandg'agree onA, we havegb=g'b. Our main theorem states that if${\cal K}$is closed under ultraproducts, thenAdominatesbrelative to${\cal K}$if and only if there is a partial functionFdefinable by a primitive positive formula in${\cal K}$such thatFB(a1,…,an) =bfor somea1,…,an∈A. Applying this result we show that a quasivariety of algebras${\cal Q}$with ann-ary near-unanimity term has surjective epimorphisms if and only if$\mathbb{S}\mathbb{P}_n \mathbb{P}_u \left( {\mathcal{Q}_{{\text{RSI}}} } \right)$has surjective epimorphisms. It follows that if${\cal F}$is a finite set of finite algebras with a common near-unanimity term, then it is decidable whether the (quasi)variety generated by${\cal F}$has surjective epimorphisms.

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22

RANAEE, MAHDI. "Non-Accidentally Factive Mental States." Dialogue 55, no. 3 (September 2016): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217316000536.

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I offer a counterexample to Timothy Williamson’s conjecture that knowledge is the most general factive mental state; i.e., that every factive mental state entails knowledge. I describe two counterexamples (Ernest Sosa’s and Baron Reed’s) that I find unpersuasive, and argue that they fail due to a specific feature they have in common. I then argue that there is a primitive mental state that is factive but does not entail knowledge, and that constitutes a counterexample to Williamson’s conjecture that is not subject to the problems faced by Sosa’s and Reed’s counterexamples.

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23

Murphy, Zachary C., Paul D. Kingsley, Kathleen E. McGrath, and James Palis. "Stat5 and Stat3 Differentially Regulate Early and Late Stages of Primary Embryonic Erythroid Cell Maturation." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3877.3877.

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Erythropoietin is the critical regulator of adult (definitive) red cell production, acting through its cognate receptor (EpoR) and downstream Janus kinase (Jak)2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5 signaling. Mutant JAK2 activation causes hyperproliferation of erythroid precursors in polycythemia vera, highlighting the importance of Jak2-STAT signaling in pathologic states in addition to normal development. EpoR-null mouse embryos die at midgestation of profound anemia and we have recently determined that EpoR signaling is also specifically required for the survival and terminal maturation of primitive erythroblasts. Unlike definitive erythropoiesis, Stat3 is significantly expressed in primitive erythroblasts but its function in erythropoiesis remains poorly understood. We find that Stat3, in addition to Stat5, is phosphorylated downstream of EpoR in primitive erythroblasts. Interestingly, phospho-Stat5 intensity decreases during primitive erythroblast maturation while phospho-Stat3 levels remain constant, resulting in an increase in relative phospho-Stat3 in late-stage primitive erythroblasts. Knockdown of Jak2 and Stat5 each results in accelerated maturation, decreased cell size, and increased apoptosis of primary primitive erythroblasts. In contrast, Stat3 knockdown results in delayed maturation and increased cell size of late-stage primary primitive erythroblasts, consistent with an increased role of phospho-Stat3 once phospho-Stat5 signal intensity has diminished. Stat3 knockdown, both in vitro and in vivo, also increased apoptosis of late-stage primitive erythroblasts. While Stat3 and Stat5 bind many apoptosis-related genes in common, Stat3 specifically binds several caspase genes and their regulators. We find that activated caspase3 levels increase in late-stage primitive erythroblasts, and that knockdown of Stat3 results in decreased levels of caspases and their regulators. In addition, caspase inhibition, like Stat3 knockdown, results in delayed maturation of late-stage primitive erythroblasts. Taken together, our data support a model where Stat3 and Stat5 differentially regulate erythroid maturation and Stat3 preferentially regulates terminal stages of primitive erythropoiesis through its activation and regulation of apoptotic machinery. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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24

Pappalardi, Francesco. "On Minimal Sets of Generators for Primitive Roots." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 38, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1995-068-4.

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AbstractA conjecture of Brown and Zassenhaus (see [2]) states that the first log/? primes generate a primitive root (mod p) for almost all primes p. As a consequence of a Theorem of Burgess and Elliott (see [3]) it is easy to see that the first log2p log log4+∊p primes generate a primitive root (mod p) for almost all primes p. We improve this showing that the first log2p/ log log p primes generate a primitive root (mod p) for almost all primes p.

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25

Pitruzzella, Salvo. "Book Review: Imagining Animals Art, Psychotherapy and Primitive States of Mind." Dramatherapy 28, no. 3 (December 2006): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02630672.2006-2007.9689705.

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26

Little, Ray. "Integrating Psychoanalytic Understandings in the Deconfusion of Primitive Child Ego States." Transactional Analysis Journal 35, no. 2 (April 2005): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036215370503500204.

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27

Steinberg, Paul. "Primitive mental states: A psychoanalytic exploration of the origins of meaning." Psychodynamic Practice 17, no. 4 (November 2011): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14753634.2011.609033.

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28

Schellekes, Alina. "When Time Stood Still: Thoughts about Time in Primitive Mental States." British Journal of Psychotherapy 33, no. 3 (July 18, 2017): 328–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjp.12284.

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29

Moscato, Francesca, and Paola Solano. "Eating Disorders as Autisticlike Defenses: Unmentalizable Experiences in Primitive Mental States." Psychoanalytic Review 101, no. 4 (August 2014): 547–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2014.101.4.547.

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30

Carlson, Keith J. "Perryella, a new temnospondylous amphibian from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma." Journal of Paleontology 61, no. 1 (January 1987): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000028286.

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Perryella olsoni, a new temnospondylous amphibian from the lower Permian Wellington Formation of northern Oklahoma, is described. Features of the palatine, quadratojugal, and stapes are distinctive among described temnospondyls. The specimens share derived character states with the Dissorophoidea and Trimerorhachoidea, but cannot be assigned to either of these superfamilies as presently defined. The difficulties of temnospondyl classification in light of the confusion of primitive, juvenile, and paedomorphic features are discussed.

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31

Hildebrand, Adolf. "On the Constant in the Pólya-Vinogradov Inequality." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 31, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1988-050-1.

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AbstractThe Pólya-Vinogradov inequality states that for any non-principal character x modulo q and any N ≧ 1,where c is an absolute constant. We show that (*) holds with c = 2/(3π2) + o(1) in the case x is primitive and x (— 1) =1 with c = 1/(3π) + o(l) in the case x is primitive and x(— 1) = — 1- This improves by a factor 2/3 the previously best-known values for these constants.

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32

Romanova, J. Yu, E. V. Demidov, and Yu A. Romanov. "Interband tunneling and wannier—stark states in superlattices with complex primitive cell." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 74, no. 1 (January 2010): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873810010260.

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33

Watson, Kevin. "National identity and primitive methodism in the United States: A transatlantic perspective." American Nineteenth Century History 4, no. 2 (June 2003): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664650312331294304.

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34

Zega, Thomas J., Laurence A. J. Garvie, and Peter R. Buseck. "Nanometer-scale measurements of iron oxidation states of cronstedtite from primitive meteorites." American Mineralogist 88, no. 7 (July 2003): 1169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2003-0726.

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35

Jia, Lesong, Xiaozhou Zhou, Hao Qin, Ruidong Bai, Liuqing Wang, and Chengqi Xue. "Research on Discrete Semantics in Continuous Hand Joint Movement Based on Perception and Expression." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113735.

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Continuous movements of the hand contain discrete expressions of meaning, forming a variety of semantic gestures. For example, it is generally considered that the bending of the finger includes three semantic states of bending, half bending, and straightening. However, there is still no research on the number of semantic states that can be conveyed by each movement primitive of the hand, especially the interval of each semantic state and the representative movement angle. To clarify these issues, we conducted experiments of perception and expression. Experiments 1 and 2 focused on perceivable semantic levels and boundaries of different motion primitive units from the perspective of visual semantic perception. Experiment 3 verified and optimized the segmentation results obtained above and further determined the typical motion values of each semantic state. Furthermore, in Experiment 4, the empirical application of the above semantic state segmentation was illustrated by using Leap Motion as an example. We ended up with the discrete gesture semantic expression space both in the real world and Leap Motion Digital World, containing the clearly defined number of semantic states of each hand motion primitive unit and boundaries and typical motion angle values of each state. Construction of this quantitative semantic expression will play a role in guiding and advancing research in the fields of gesture coding, gesture recognition, and gesture design.

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36

Deakin, Amanda, Michael Mendl, William J. Browne, Elizabeth S. Paul, and James J. L. Hodge. "State-dependent judgement bias in Drosophila : evidence for evolutionarily primitive affective processes." Biology Letters 14, no. 2 (February 2018): 20170779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0779.

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Affective states influence decision-making under ambiguity in humans and other animals. Individuals in a negative state tend to interpret ambiguous cues more negatively than individuals in a positive state. We demonstrate that the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster , also exhibits state-dependent changes in cue interpretation. Drosophila were trained on a Go/Go task to approach a positive (P) odour associated with a sugar reward and actively avoid a negative (N) odour associated with shock. Trained flies were then either shaken to induce a purported negative state or left undisturbed (control), and given a choice between: air or P; air or N; air or ambiguous odour (1 : 1 blend of P : N). Shaken flies were significantly less likely to approach the ambiguous odour than control flies. This ‘judgement bias’ may be mediated by changes in neural activity that reflect evolutionarily primitive affective states. We cannot say whether such states are consciously experienced, but use of this model organism's versatile experimental tool kit may facilitate elucidation of their neural and genetic basis.

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37

Bittrich, V., and M. Struck. "What is primitive in Mesembryanthemaceae? An analysis of evolutionary polarity of character states." South African Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (June 1989): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(16)31183-8.

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38

Zega, TJ, AD Kilcoyne, and RM Stroud. "Nanobeam Analysis of the Oxidation States of Transition Metals in Primitive Planetary Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S2 (August 2008): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608086388.

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39

Valdarsky, Irit Hameiri. "‘Void existence’ as against ‘annihilation existence’: Differentiating two qualities in primitive mental states." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 96, no. 5 (October 2015): 1213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-8315.12312.

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40

Kamezaki, Mitsuhiro, Hiroyasu Iwata, and Shigeki Sugano. "Operator Support System Based on Primitive Static States in Intelligent Operated Work Machines." Advanced Robotics 23, no. 10 (January 2009): 1281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855309x462583.

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41

Rosenblatt, Daniel. "The Antisocial Skin: Structure, Resistance, and "Modern Primitive" Adornment in the United States." Cultural Anthropology 12, no. 3 (August 1997): 287–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/can.1997.12.3.287.

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42

Standley, L. A. "Anatomical aspects of the taxonomy of sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-183.

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Patterns of variation in the anatomy of achene epidermis and leaves were examined to assess the utility of anatomical characters in systematic and phylogenetic studies of Carex and the Cyperaceae. This study was based primarily on a review of the available literature. In addition, foliar anatomy of species in Carex sect. Phacocystis was investigated and patterns of variation within the section were analyzed using a centroid cluster algorithm. Nearly all genera and all sections of Carex for which data are available include species with single conical silica bodies in the achene epidermal cells as well as species with more elaborate, presumably derived, silica bodies. Similarly, most sections within Carex include species that have hypostomatous leaves with a single layer of bulliform cells and that lack papillae, as well as species with amphistomatous leaves, papillose epidermal cells, or multiple bulliform cells. Application of the "common equals primitive" in group criterion for determining evolutionary polarity indicates that single conical silica bodies and epapillose hypostomatous leaves are primitive character states in Carex. As both primitive and derived character states are widely distributed among sections, anatomical characters should not be generally applied as measures of similarity in phenetic approaches to classification but have potentially major importance in phylogenetic studies within and among sections.

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43

BELAS, OLIVER. "Chester Himes's The End of a Primitive: Exile, Exhaustion, Dissolution." Journal of American Studies 44, no. 2 (February 19, 2010): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875809991393.

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The focus of this article is The End of a Primitive, the novel that marks Chester Himes's transition from a writer of protest to one of crime fiction. Drawing on archival research carried out in the United States, I advance two arguments. Firstly, the story told in the autobiographical Primitive is, in part, that behind Himes's leaving America for Paris in 1953. The novel, I argue, inaugurates a writing of exile that is continued in Himes's crime fiction, a writing through which, because of his literal and figurative distance from America, Himes came to feel more strongly his sense of national – that is, American – identity. Secondly, in Primitive Himes presents the reader with a formal breakdown of sorts, one that “clears the way” for the crime fiction (which, my archival research shows, Himes had begun writing before Primitive was finished). This breakdown – of the protest novel conceived in generic terms – also predicts the trajectory of Himes's hard-boiled crime novels. By signalling the generic exhaustion of protest fiction through the failure of “good” form, Primitive, as the end point of Himes's more generic protest writing, also anticipates the movement of the crime stories towards formal or generic dissolution, an indication, I suggest, of Himes's late belief that literature was in general an ineffective catalyst of social–political change.

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44

Corona-Castuera, J., and I. Lopez-Juarez. "Behaviour-based approach for skill acquisition during assembly operations, starting from scratch." Robotica 24, no. 6 (May 11, 2006): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574706002839.

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Industrial robots in poorly structured environments have to interact compliantly with this environment for successful operations. In this paper, we present a behaviour-based approach to learn peg-in-hole operations from scratch. The robot learns autonomously the initial mapping between contact states to motion commands employing fuzzy rules and creating an Acquired-Primitive Knowledge Base (ACQ-PKB), which is later used and refined on-line by a Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network-based controller. The effectiveness of the approach is tested comparing the compliant motion behaviour using the ACQ-PKB and a priori Given-Primitive Knowledge Base (GVN-PKB). Results using a KUKA KR15 industrial robot validate the approach.

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45

Barnes, Leila. "The (Body-) ‘Thing’ Phenomenon and Primitive States of Being: ‘The Words to Say It’." British Journal of Psychotherapy 34, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjp.12326.

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46

Domingues, Diana. "Day-Dreaming States in Interfaced Environments: Telematic Rituals in Ouroboros." Leonardo 37, no. 4 (August 2004): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024094041724517.

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The anthropological effects of cyberspace grant to the interfaced body a new capacity for attempting higher and more complex levels of interaction. The author's on-line project Ouroboros provides first and second interactivity. The web site explores the seamless condition of being a reptile in interaction with various environments as it evokes the symbolism of the great world serpent Ouroboros. The author proposes that interactive technologies return us to forms of communication similar to the rituals of primitive societies. Feedback and emergent behaviors effected through tele-immersion, remote action and self-organizations related to the lives of snakes are intended to provide the sensation of being in a day-dreaming state.

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47

Tomiya, Mitsuyoshi, Shoichi Sakamoto, and Eric J. Heller. "Periodic orbit scar in wavepacket propagation." International Journal of Modern Physics C 30, no. 04 (April 2019): 1950026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183119500268.

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This study analyzed the scar-like localization in the time-average of a time-evolving wavepacket on a desymmetrized stadium billiard. When a wavepacket is launched along the orbits, it emerges on classical unstable periodic orbits as a scar in stationary states. This localization along the periodic orbit is clarified through the semiclassical approximation. It essentially originates from the same mechanism of a scar in stationary states: piling up of the contribution from the classical actions of multiply repeated passes on a primitive periodic orbit. To achieve this, several states are required in the energy range determined by the initial wavepacket.

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48

Balatti, P. A., and S. G. Pueppke. "Identification of North American soybean lines that form nitrogen-fixing nodules with Rhizobium fredii USDA257." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-006.

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Rhizobium fredii produces nitrogen-fixing (Fix+) nodules on primitive soybean lines, but most strains do not form such structures with the small number of agronomically advanced lines that have been tested. We systematically evaluated the ability of R. fredii USDA257 to produce Fix+ nodules on 197 soybean lines available in the midwestern United States. Thirty-four of 197 such lines were Fix+. The frequency of this response was positively correlated with increasing maturity group. The acetylene-reduction rate of one advanced cultivar, Davis, was greater than that of the primitive cultivar, Peking. Our data indicate that the capacity to nodulate effectively with USDA257 is widespread in contemporary North American soybean lines.Key words: Acetylene-reduction, nodulation, Rhizobium, soybean

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Kambali, Muhammad. "KRITIK EKONOMI ISLAM TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN KARL MARX TENTANG SISTEM KEPEMILIKAN DALAM SISTEM SOSIAL MASYARAKAT." JES (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah) 1, no. 2 (March 2, 2017): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/jes.v1i2.13.

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The theory of Karl Marx’s Historical Materialism states that system of ownership is a necessity in the social system. Marx declares the social system development takes place in five stages. The first stage is primitive-communal society has have not recognized the system of ownership. The second stage is the stage of division of labor and the emergence of ownership. The third stage is formation of feudal society. The fourth stage is development of a capitalist community. The final stage is stage of development of the social system which is the formation of a socialist-communist society. If seen from ownership, the social-communal system is divided into three sections; the stage of primitive-communal society, the division of labor and the stages of ownership, and phase of the ownership elimination. According to Marx, the ownership of proletariat workers system suffers exploitation and alienation. Both of these things can only be solved by removing the ownership system which is replaced by the role of collective ownership. For Islamic economics, exploitation and alienation experienced by the proletariat workers are the result of inconsistencies in wealth management and distribution system in the capitalist system, not proprietary. Islamic Economics is looking at the role of individuals in managing their wealth and their distribution pattern.

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Kamezaki, Mitsuhiro, Hiroyasu Iwata, and Shigeki Sugano. "A Symbolic Construction Work Flow Based on State Transition Analysis Using Simplified Primitive Static States." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 6 (December 20, 2012): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0939.

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In this paper, a quantitative analysis method for a comprehensive work flow in construction work for identifying work states in more detail is proposed. The proposed method is based on analyzing state transitions of simplified primitive static states (s-PSS), which consist of four symbolic work states defined by using the on-off state of lever operations and manipulator loads. First, practical state transitions (PST), which are common and frequent transitions in arbitrary construction work, are defined on the basis of the transition rules, according to which an operation flag changes arbitrarily and a load flag changes only during a lever operation. Second, PST is notionally classified into essential (EST) and nonessential (NST) state transitions whose definitions change depending on the task phase, including reaching, contacting, loadworking, and releasing. Third, closed loops formed by EST represent work content and those formed by NST represent wasted movements. In work-analysis experiments using our instrumented setup, results indicated that all s-PSS definitely changes on the basis of PST under various experimental conditions and that work analysis using EST and NST easily reveals untrained tasks related to wasted movements.

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