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Academic literature on the topic 'Primitive elements'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Primitive elements"

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Konieczny, Jochen, Gerhard Rosenberger, and Julia Wolny. "Tame Almost Primitive Elements." Results in Mathematics 38, no. 1-2 (August 2000): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03322435.

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Artamonov, V. A., A. V. Klimakov, A. A. Mikhalev, and A. V. Mikhalev. "Primitive and Almost Primitive Elements of Schreier Varieties." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 237, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-019-4148-2.

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de Smit, Bart. "Primitive elements in integral bases." Acta Arithmetica 71, no. 2 (1995): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/aa-71-2-159-170.

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Booker, Andrew R., Stephen D. Cohen, Nicol Leong, and Tim Trudgian. "Primitive elements with prescribed traces." Finite Fields and Their Applications 84 (December 2022): 102094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ffa.2022.102094.

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Evans, Martin J. "Primitive elements in free groups." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 106, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-1989-0952315-1.

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Umirbaev, U. U. "Primitive elements of free groups." Russian Mathematical Surveys 49, no. 2 (April 30, 1994): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rm1994v049n02abeh002233.

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Cao, Xiwang, and Peipei Wang. "Primitive elements with prescribed trace." Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing 25, no. 5 (July 8, 2014): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00200-014-0228-1.

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Chou, Wun-Seng, and Stephen D. Cohen. "Primitive Elements with Zero Traces." Finite Fields and Their Applications 7, no. 1 (January 2001): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ffta.2000.0284.

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Onoda, Nobuharu, Takasi Sugatani, and Ken-ichi Yoshida. "Accurate Elements and Super-Primitive Elements over Rings." Journal of Algebra 245, no. 1 (November 2001): 370–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jabr.2001.8930.

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Brunner, A. M., R. G. Burns, and Sheila Oates-Williams. "On Almost Primitive Elements of Free Groups With an Application to Fuchsian Groups." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 45, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 225–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1993-011-9.

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AbstractAn element of a free group F is called almost primitive in F, if it is primitive in every proper subgroup containing it, though not in F itself. Several examples of almost primitive elements (APEs) are exhibited. The main results concern the behaviour of proper powers wℓ of certain APEs w in a free group F (and, more generally, in free products of cycles) with respect to any subgroup H containing such a power “minimally“: these assert, in essence, that either such powers of w behave in H as do powers of primitives of F, or, if not, then they “almost” do so and furthermore H must then have finite index in F precisely determined by the smallest positive powers of conjugates of w lying in H. Finally, these results are applied to show that the groups of a certain class (potentially larger than that of finitely generated Fuchsian groups) have the property that all their subgroups of infinité index are free products of cyclic groups.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primitive elements"

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Huczynska, Sophie. "Primitive free elements of Galois fields." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5533/.

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The key result linking the additive and multiplicative structure of a finite field is the Primitive Normal Basis Theorem; this was established by Lenstra and Schoof in 1987 in a proof which was heavily computational in nature. In this thesis, a new, theoretical proof of the theorem is given, and new estimates (in some cases, exact values) are given for the number of primitive free elements. A natural extension of the Primitive Normal Basis Theorem is to impose additional conditions on the primitive free elements; in particular, we may wish to specify the norm and trace of a primitive free element. The existence of at least one primitive free element of GF(qn) with specified norm and trace was established for n ³ 5 by Cohen in 2000; in this thesis, the result is proved for the most delicate cases, n = 4 and n = 3, thereby completing the general existence theorem.
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Schiller, Carsten. "Primitive elements in free algebras and a decomposition by the planar logarithm." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981155448.

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VILLEMINOZ, PASCAL. "Hypertension arterielle pulmonaire primitive : elements du pronostic a propos de 31 observations." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M022.

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Mlodecki, Hugo. "Décompositions des mots tassés et auto-dualité de l'algèbre des fonctions quasi-symétriques en mots." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG088.

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Ce travail est fondé sur la théorie des bigèbres bidendriformes, développée par Foissy, qui sont des algèbres de Hopf particulières où le produit et le coproduit peuvent être scindés en deux. Son théorème principal est: Une bigèbre bidendriforme est générée librement par ``l'espace des éléments totalement primitifs'' en tant qu'algèbre dendriforme. Une conséquence est l'auto-dualité des bigèbres bidendriformes.Parmi les nombreuses algèbres de Hopf, Hivert a défini l'algèbre des fonctions quasi-symétriques en mots, notée WQSym. En prouvant que WQSym est une bigèbre bidendriforme, Novelli-Thibon résolvent la conjecture de Duchamp-Hivert-Thibon sur l'auto-dualité de WQSym. Cependant, comme aucune construction générale de l'ensemble des totalement primitifs n'est formulée, nous n'avons pas d'auto-morphisme explicite pour le passage de la primale à la duale.La question centrale de cette thèse est donc de construire un isomorphisme bidendriforme entre WQSym et sa duale. Cette construction passe par la décomposition des mots tassés à l'aide de deux nouvelles opérations que nous avons définies. En outre, pour illustrer ces décompositions, nous avons créé une nouvelle famille d'objets combinatoires: les forêts d'arbres biplans. Certains sous-ensembles de mots tassés ne peuvent être décomposés par ces opérations. Nous avons prouvé que leurs séries génératrices sont égales aux dimensions de l'espace des éléments totalement primitifs. L'intérêt des forêts biplanes est de faire apparaître visuellement les sous-ensembles de mots tassés indécomposables.Ces forêts biplanes sont donc la forme idéale pour indexer des nouvelles bases, que nous avons créées, de l'algèbre WQSym et sa duale. En effet, il est aisé d'en extraire un sous-ensemble qui définit deux bases des espaces totalement primitifs de WQSym et sa duale. Enfin, des arbres biplans bicolores permettent d'obtenir un isomorphisme bidendriforme par un simple échange de couleurs, ce qui répond à notre question initiale et constitue le résultat principal de cette thèse.Après l'obtention de ce résultat, nous nous intéressons aux relations entre les opérations évoquées. Nous remarquons alors fortuitement que ces opérations vérifient des relations semblables à des opérades bien connues (dupliciale déformée, L-algèbre, bigraft) mais qui sont a priori sans lien avec l'opérade dendriforme. Nous prouvons que l'ensemble des mots tassés munis de ces opérations décrit une algèbre sur ces opérades et en donnons des sous-ensembles de générateurs.L'algèbre PQSym, indexée par les fonctions de parking, est très similaire à WQSym, mais aussi plus complexe et serait un premier pas vers la généralisation de notre résultat principal. La question de généraliser ce résultat aux fonctions de parking relève à la fois de la combinatoire et de l'algèbre. Nous présentons ce qui est sans doute le premier ingrédient de cette généralisation. Il s'agit du calcul d'un changement de base où le produit de mélange des valeurs est sans chevauchement.Nous terminons cette thèse par une partie expliquant notre démarche expérimentale de recherche utilisant SageMath. Nous décrivons les tutoriels que nous avons conçus sous la forme de notebooks et mis en ligne à disposition des autres chercheurs. Nous y présentons le code qui permet de vérifier tous nos résultats sur des exemples calculés par des algorithmes
This work is founded on the theory of bidendriform bialgebras, developped by Foissy, which are particular Hopf algebras where the product and the coproduct can be split into two parts. His main theorem is: A bidendriform bialgebra is freely generated by ``the space of totally primitive elements'' as a dendriform algebra. A consequence of this is the self-duality of bidendriform bialgebras.Among the many Hopf algebras, Hivert defined the algebra of word quasi-symmetric functions, denoted WQSym. By proving that WQSym is a bidendriform bialgebra, Novelli-Thibon solved the Duchamp-Hivert-Thibon conjecture on the self-duality of WQSym. However, since no general construction of the set of totally primitive was formulated, we do not have an explicit isomorphism between the primal and the dual.The central question of this thesis is the construction of a bidendriform isomorphism between WQSym and its dual. This construction goes through a decomposition of packed words using two new operations that we havedefined. Furthermore, to illustrate these decompositions, we have created a new family of combinatorial objects: forests of biplane trees. Some subsets of packed words cannot be decomposed by these operations. We proved that their generating series are equal to the dimensions of the space of the totally primitive elements. The interest of biplane forests is to visually reveal the subsets of indecomposable packed words.These biplane forests are therefore the ideal form for indexing the new bases, that we have created, of the algebra WQSym and its dual. In fact, it is easy to extract from them a subset which defines two bases of totally primitives spaces of WQSym and its dual. Finally, bicolored biplane trees allow us to obtain a bidendriform isomorphism by a simple exchange of colors, which answers our initial question and constitutes the main result of this thesis.After obtaining this result, we study the relationships between the aforementioned operations. We then remark fortuitously that these operations verify relations similar to well-known operads (skew-duplicial, L-algebra,bigraft) but which are unrelated to the dendriform operad. We prove that the set of packed words endowed with these operations describes an algebra over these operads and give subsets of generators.The PQSym algebra, indexed by parking functions, is very similar to WQSym, but also more complex and would be a first step towards a generalization of our main result. The question of generalizing this result to parking functions is both combinatorics and algebra. We present what is undoubtedly the first ingredient of this generalization. This is the calculation of a change of bases where the shuffle product on values is not overlapped.We end this thesis with a part explaining our experimental approach of research using SageMath. We describe the tutorials that we have designed in the form of notebooks and made available online for other researchers. We present the code that allows to check all our results on examples calculated by algorithms
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Lorusso, Paolo. "Verbs in child grammar the acquisition of the primitive elements of the VP at the syntax-semantics interface." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283726.

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Un tema en l'estudi de l'adquisició del llenguatge que ha atret molt l'atenció és la naturalesa dels primers verbs. Als 2 anys, els nens comencen a combinar paraules i a produir els primers verbs. Els elements verbals apareixen més tard que els substantius i es refereixen als conceptes relacionals en el món que estan representats a la sintaxi a través de l'estructura argumental. Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu examinar les característiques de les primeres produccions verbals en italià. L'aparició dels verbs implica el domini d'un procediment d'assignació dels papers semàntics a les posicions sintàctiques. El tema objecte d'estudi té conseqüències no només per a la descripció de l’evolució de l'adquisició del lèxic, sinó també per a la definició d'un model general de la interfície entre la sintaxi i la semàntica lèxica en les primeres etapes. La proposta és que les característiques sintacticosemàntiques estan actives en la gramàtica del nen a l’hora de determinar la derivació oracional. Els verbs impliquen significats estructurals i idiosincràtics: mentre que el significat estructural es deriva dels marcs sintàctics (del nombre i característiques dels arguments) en què un verb pot aparèixer, el significat idiosincràtic es troba en les relacions en el món que cada arrel verbal denota. L'arquitectura de la interfície sintaxi-semàntica dels verbs implica un procediment de projecció des d'uns marcs sintàctics a moltes relacions en el món i viceversa. El significat estructural dels primers verbs s’explora mitjançant una anàlisi de la distribució dels arguments manifestos i dels auxiliars en un corpus de parla espontània de nens i adults. Els resultats mostren que les classes lèxiques dels verbs influeixen en la distribució dels subjectes nuls i en l'elecció de la posició oracional en la qual els subjectes s'expressen. Les classes de verbs són rellevants també per a la selecció i la distribució dels auxiliars: els nens seleccionen correctament els auxiliars en funció de la informació lèxica sintàctica codificada en els SV. Quan apareixen els primers verbs, els nens estan aprenent alhora les derivacions sintàctiques que impliquen el SFlexió i les projeccions del SComplementador. Es troben algunes diferències entre la gramàtica del nen i la dels adults en els dominis sintàctics utilitzats per a la expressió dels subjectes a la interfície sintaxi-fonologia: un spell-out inicial més baix pot dificultar les derivacions sintàctiques que impliquen les projeccions oracionals on es comproven els trets semàntics del discurs com a Tòpic i Focus. S’han dissenyat dues tasques experimentals per tal d’observar els efectes de la presència d'un objecte explícit dins el SV en la determinació de la lectura aspectual. La interacció entre l'aspecte perfectiu codificat en el pretèrit perfet (passato prossimo) i l'aspecte lèxic dels SV s’ha investigat en el context de la producció i comprensió dels temps compostos perfectius. Els resultats mostren que els nens no utilitzen el pretèrit perfet amb tots els verbs com els adults: la informació aspectual codificada en el SV, tant la que afecta el significat estructural vinculat a la projecció dels objectes com la que afecta el significat idiosincràtic de l'arrel verbal, influeix en la comprensió infantil de la morfologia aspectual perfectiva fins a l'edat de 7 anys. Les principals conclusions d'aquest treball mostren que les relacions en la interfície sintaxi-semàntica ja estan ben establertes quan els nens produeixen els primers verbs i tenen influència en la distribució dels arguments implícits, en la posició oracional dels arguments explícits i en la interpretació aspectual. Si bé no podem determinar si l’adquisició dels primers verbs està desencadenada per la representació sintàctica o semàntica, sí que podem argumentar que tant els significats estructurals com els idiosincràtics que estan codificats en els SV estan actius en les diferents etapes de l'adquisició d'una llengua.
An issue in the study of language acquisition that has attracted much attention is the nature of early verbs. At around the age of 2, children start to combine words and to produce the first verbs. Verbal items appear later than nouns and refer to the relational concepts in the world that are represented in syntax through the argument structure. This dissertation aims to examine the features of the first verbal productions in Italian. Since the appearance of verbs implies the mastery of a procedure of mapping between syntactic positions and semantic roles, the topic under examination has consequences not only for the description of the timeline of the acquisition of the lexicon, but also for the definition of a general model of the interface between syntax and lexical semantics in the early stages. The proposal is that syntactic-semantic features are at work early in child grammar in determining the clausal derivation. Verbs involve structural and idiosyncratic meaning: while structural meaning is derived by the few syntactic frames (number and features of the arguments) which a verb can appear in, idiosyncratic meaning is given by the relations in the world that each verbal root denotes. The architecture of the syntax-semantics interface for verbs implies a mapping procedure from few syntactic frames to many relations in the world and/or vice versa. The structural meaning of early verbs is explored through an analysis of the distribution of the overt arguments and the auxiliaries in a corpus of spontaneous speech of children and adults. The results will show that the lexical classes of verbs influence the distribution of null subjects and the choice of the position in which the subjects are expressed in the sentences. Verb classes also seem at work in the selection and the distribution of the auxiliaries: children properly select auxiliaries depending on the lexical-syntactic information encoded in the VP layer. At the age of the appearance of the first verbs, children are simultaneously learning the syntactic derivations that involve the IP and the CP layers. Some differences between child and target grammar are found in the syntactic domains used for the spell-out at syntax-phonology interface: a lower initial spell-out domain may disfavor the derivations to high clausal positions where scope discourse semantic features like Topic and Focus are checked. Two experimental tasks are designed to observe the effects of the presence of an overt object in the VP in determining the aspectual reading. The interaction between the perfective aspect encoded in the present perfect (passato prossimo) and the lexical aspect of the VPs is investigated in the production and comprehension of perfective compound tenses. The results show that children do not use the present perfect with all verbs like adults: the aspectual information encoded in the VP, both the structural meaning linked to the projection of the objects and the idiosyncratic meaning of the verbal root, influences children’s understanding of aspectual perfective morphology till the age of 7. The main conclusions of the present work show that the relations at syntax- semantics interface are already well established when the first verbs are uttered by children and influence the pattern of distribution of overt/null arguments, the clausal derivation to scope-discourse semantic position, and the aspectual interpretation. While we cannot determine whether the first verbs are bootstrapped by the semantic or the syntactic representations, we can argue that both the structural and idiosyncratic meanings encoded in the VPs are at work in the different stages of acquisition of a language.
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Humphrey, Christopher Wainwright. ""'There the Father is, and there is everything'" : elements of Plotinian pantheism in Augustine's thought." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65979.

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Florin, Guillaume. "FeNi metal condensation and evolution in the Early Solar System : a study of germanium isotopes and siderophile elements in Ordinary and Bencubbinite primitive chondrites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0084.

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La formation et l’évolution de la phase métal dans les corps primitifs et les planétésimaux sont d’une importance majeure pour comprendre les premières étapes de l’évolution du Système Solaire primitif. Malgré de nombreuses études sur le métal des chondrites, les conditions de condensation à température intermédiaire, et les processus de chauffe et d’oxydation qui l’affectent dans le disque d’accrétion et dans les planétésimaux sont toujours mal compris. En utilisant une approche combinée des mesures in situ des éléments fortement sidérophiles (HSE) et modérément sidérophiles (MSE) et volatils (e.g. germanium), ainsi que de la composition isotopique du germanium du bulk et des phases séparées des chondrites, cette thèse vise à apporter des contraintes supplémentaires quant à : (1) la formation du métal via condensation et la fusion de précurseurs métalliques dans les chondrites carbonées de type CB (Bencubbinites), (2) l’évolution du métal avec le métamorphisme enregistrée dans la séquence H, L et LL des chondrites ordinaires. Le fractionnement isotopique du germanium permet de distinguer les deux groupes de chondrites carbonées CB et de tracer différentes étapes de condensation à l’équilibre et cinétique, et d’évaporation. Ces processus ne peuvent être enregistrés par les éléments majeurs et réfractaires (Fe, Ni) dont la température de condensation est plus élevée que celle du germanium. Dans le métal des chondrites ordinaires primitives (type H), les larges variations en éléments sidérophiles, ainsi que les valeurs positives du Δ74/70Gemetal-silicate, suggèrent des variations locales de l’état d’oxydation et des échanges métal-silicate, lors du métamorphisme sur les corps parents. Un des résultats majeurs est l’augmentation corrélée des valeurs δ74/70Ge et des anomalies isotopiques de l’oxygène Δ17O et %Fa dans la séquence H, L à LL des chondrites ordinaires. Ces observations sont interprétées et modélisés par l’accrétion graduelle d’un composant oxydant avec une composition élevée en δ74/70Ge et Δ17O des groupes H, à L et LL durant la formation des chondrites ordinaires. Ce composant à la fois riche en eau et en Ge pourrait être identifiée comme un phyllosilicate. Les conclusions de cette thèse soulignent le fort potentiel des isotopes du germanium pour enregistrer les processus de formation et d’évolution de la phase métal
The formation and subsequent chemical evolution of FeNi metal phases is critical for understanding the development of the early Solar System. Despite numerous studies on metal phases in chondrites, the effect of metal condensation at moderate temperatures, as well as of metal heating and oxidation in nebular and protoplanetary environment, is still under debate. By using a combined approach of germanium isotopic quantification and siderophile in–situ measurements in bulk and separated phases of Bencubbinites carbonaceous chondrites (CB) and ordinary chondrites, this thesis aims to provide new constraints on: (1) the formation of metal via condensation and metallic precursors melting and (2) the processes that can account for the elemental and isotopic difference between the H, L and LL chondrites and metal evolution with metamorphism. The results show that the two groups of CB are distinguishable using δ74/70Gebulk, providing insights into kinetic and equilibrium condensation processes. Variations in δ74/70Ge during metal condensation are shown to be the result of evaporation / recondensation processes that are not recorded by major or refractory elements. A large variation in siderophile element content in the metal of H primitive ordinary chondrites has been identified, as well as a positive Δ74/70Gemetal–silicates. This suggests local oxidation state variation and metal–silicate interactions during heating event(s) in the disk. The thesis also highlights that the H, L and LL groups are resolvable with δ74/70Ge of bulk and metal. These variations are positively correlated with Δ17O and %Fa across the ordinary chondrites sequence and suggests the accretion of an increasing proportion of oxidising components with a high δ74/70Ge and Δ17O composition from H to L to LL groups. Because the oxidising component contains Ge it suggests that it cannot be ice or water but more likely a silicate phase. These conclusions highlight the high potential of germanium isotopes to record processes leading to metal formation and evolution
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Bekaert, David V. "Isotopic constraints on the origin and nature of primitive material in the Solar System and on early Earth." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0002.

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La Terre s'est formée il y a 4,5 milliards d'années par accumulation de poussières, de roches et de gaz. La composition de ces matériaux primitifs est aujourd'hui enregistrée dans les météorites. Cependant, l'origine des éléments volatils présents dans l'atmosphère (e.g., H, C, N, O) reste incomprise. En combinant des approches expérimentales à l'étude d'échantillons naturels, je me suis intéressé aux objets célestes contenant les ingrédients nécessaires à la formation de l'atmosphère terrestre. Il s'agit principalement des éléments volatils contenus dans la matière organique des météorites et dans la glace des corps cométaires. Afin de reconstituer l'histoire de formation de la Terre et de son atmosphère, j'ai utilisé les gaz nobles (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) comme traceurs des processus physiques ayant eu lieu dans le Système Solaire jeune et sur la Terre primitive. Bien que les comètes aient significativement contribué à l'apport des gaz nobles lourds de l'atmosphère (~20%), la majorité des autres éléments volatils terrestres (incluant l'eau, le carbone et l'azote) aurait été apportée par des corps dits "chondritiques", similaires aux météorites. Une fois formée, l'atmosphère a évolué au cours des temps géologiques, conduisant à l'établissement des conditions environnementales propices au développement de la vie. Les processus majeurs ayant affecté la masse et la composition de l'atmosphère ancienne se reflètent dans l'évolution isotopique du Xe atmosphérique, de 4.5 Ga à ~2 Ga. Nous étudions la possibilité d'apporter des contraintes sur l'âge des matériaux organiques retrouvés dans les roches sédimentaires plus anciennes que 2 Ga, en utilisant la signature isotopique du Xe qu'ils ont piégé au moment de leur formation. Cette méthode pourrait avoir des implications vis-à-vis de l'âge présumé des plus anciennes traces de vie organique
The Earth formed some 4.5 Ga from the accumulation of dust, rocks and gas. The composition of these primitive materials is today recorded in meteorites. However, the origin of volatile elements within the atmosphere (e.g., H, C, N, O) remains poorly understood. By combining experimental approaches and the analysis of natural samples, I studied the composition of celestial objects comprising the ingredients required for the formation of the terrestrial atmosphere. These mainly correspond to volatile elements trapped in meteoritic organic materials and in the ice of cometary bodies. In order to better understand the timeline of Earth's formation and volatile accretion, I used noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) as tracers of the physical processes that occurred in the early Solar System and on primitive Earth. Whilst comets significantly contributed to the heavy noble gas budget of the terrestrial atmosphere (~20%), most of the other terrestrial volatile elements (including water, carbon and nitrogen) would have been supplied to Earth by chondrtitic bodies similar to meteorites. Once formed, the atmosphere evolved over geological periods of time, leading to the establishment of suitable environmental conditions for life to develop. The major processes that affected the mass and composition of the ancient atmosphere can be studied by investigating the isotopic evolution of atmospheric Xe, from 4.5 Ga to ~2 Ga. We investigate the possibility to bring constraints on the age of organic materials isolated from sedimentary ricks older than 2 Ga, using the isotopic signature of the Xe component that was trapped at the time of their formation. This method could have implications regarding the presumed age of the earliest remnants of organic life
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Payré, Valérie. "Contribution de l’instrument ChemCam à la compréhension de la croûte primitive martienne et des mécanismes d’altération de la surface de Mars : quantification LIBS des éléments traces Li, Rb, Sr, Ba et Cu." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0264/document.

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Jusqu’à peu, Mars était vue comme une planète à substrat crustal homogène, dominé par des basaltes à olivine. Les missions in situ ont contribué à bouleverser cette vision si simpliste. Le rover Curiosity qui sillonne le cratère d’impact de Gale formé à l’Hespérien (3.5-3.8 Ga) creusé dans des roches noachiennes (> 3.8 Ga), a ainsi découvert, grâce aux analyses LIBS (‘laser induced breakdown spectroscopy’) de l’instrument ChemCam, des roches ignées alcalines felsiques noachiennes, révélant un magmatisme primitif évolué (Sautter et al., 2016) : ce résultat est en accord avec l’identification récente de clastes ignés felsiques d’âge Noachien observés dans la brèche martienne NWA 7533 et ses paires. Une croûte primitive martienne évoluée de type ‘continentale’ aurait-elle existé ? C’est ce que suggère ce travail de par l’observation orbitale GRS de plusieurs terrains noachiens felsiques enrichis en K et Th et abondants en feldspaths. Par ailleurs, du fait de l’identification de feldspaths peu calciques dans les roches et clastes de Gale et de la brèche, il est envisagé ici que la croûte primitive martienne ait pu se former selon un modèle différent de l’océan de magma défini sur la Lune. De plus, la quantification de Li, Rb, Sr et Ba dans l’ensemble des matériaux ignés de Gale analysés par la LIBS ainsi que leurs concentrations dans les clastes ignés de la brèche, suggèrent l’existence de plusieurs réservoirs magmatiques primitifs. En parallèle, la quantification du Cu à partir des données LIBS effectuée dans cette étude, met en évidence des abondances anormalement élevées dans des roches potassiques de la région de Kimberley. Majoritairement associées à des silicates détritiques ignés, ces phases de cuivre proviendraient d’une source magmatique primitive siliceuse localisée dans le flanc Nord de Gale. Au Noachien, la circulation hydrothermale dans un magma évolué aurait formé un gisement métallifère de cuivre aux alentours du cratère. Finalement, la Terre et Mars sont géologiquement plus proches que jamais
Until recently, Mars was considered as a planet with a homogeneous crust dominated by olivine-rich basalts. This simplistic vision has been largely disrupted especially with results of recent in situ missions. In this way, the Curiosity rover that travels in Gale crater, which formed by impact during the Hesperian period (3.5-3.8 Gyr) within igneous basement rocks dated at 4.2 Gyr, discovered Noachian alkaline igneous rocks (> 3.8 Gyr) using the ChemCam LIBS instrument (‘laser induced breakdown spectroscopy’): this observation along with the recent identification of Noachian igneous felsic clasts within the breccia meteorite NWA 7533 and subsequent paired stones, revealed an evolved primitive magmatic system (Sautter et al., 2016). Would an evolved ‘continental’ primitive crust have ever existed on Mars? This is favored in this work by orbital GRS observations showing several Si-K-Th-rich Noachian terrains displaying abundant feldspars. Besides, the identification of low-Ca feldspars within the clasts of the breccia and Gale rocks, suggests that the primitive martian crust may have formed according to a model that differs from the lunar magma ocean. In addition, the LIBS quantification of Li, Rb, Sr and Ba presented in this work in igneous rocks, along with the distribution of alkali trace elements within the igneous clasts of the breccia, suggests the potential occurrence of several magmatic reservoirs. Concurrently, in the Kimberley formation, copper quantification using LIBS data, reveals anomalously elevated abundances within potassic rocks: these Cu-phases mainly associated with detrital igneous silicates, would come from a primitive felsic igneous source located in the northern rim. During the Noachian period, the hydrothermal circulation within an evolved magmatic chamber favored the formation of a Cu-bearing deposit in Gale vicinity. After all, the Earth and Mars are geologically closer than ever
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Schmidt-Samoa, Stephan. "Primitive Elemente gezopfter Hopfalgebren und Lie-Algebren in gezopften Kategorien." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-22698.

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Books on the topic "Primitive elements"

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Galleria Gruppo credito valtellinese (Milan, Italy), ed. Francesco Bosso: Primitive elements. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana editoriale, 2019.

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E, Tezduyar T., and Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, eds. Finite element techniques for the Navier-Stokes equations in the primitive variable formulation and the vorticity stream-function formulation: Interim report for the work performed under NASA-Johnson Space Center. Houston, TX: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 1987.

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Die Geschichte des Motivkomplexes Theophanie: Seine Elemente, Einbindung in Geschehensabläufe und Verwendungsweisen in altisraelitischer, frühjüdischer und frühchristlicher Literatur. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1995.

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Willard, Hamrick Emmett, O'Brien Julia M, and Horton Fred L, eds. The Yahweh/Baal confrontation and other studies in biblical literature and archaeology: Essays in honour of Emmett Willard Hamrick. Lewiston: Mellen Biblical Press, 1995.

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McKinney-Bock, Katherine. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315889825.

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Vergnaud, Jean-Roger, Maria Luisa Zubizarreta, and Katherine McKinney-Bock. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Elements of Social Organization. Beacon Press, 2000.

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Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory: Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa, and Katherine McKinney-Bock. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory: Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa, and Katherine McKinney-Bock. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory: Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Primitive elements"

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Mikhalev, Alexander A., Vladimir Shpilrain, and Jie-Tai Yu. "Generalized Primitive Elements." In CMS Books in Mathematics, 244–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21724-6_14.

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Bierwisch, Manfred. "Repertoires of Primitive Elements." In Language Acquisition and Language Disorders, 281–307. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.24.15bie.

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Glaeser, Georg, and Hellmuth Stachel. "Primitive Elements in Space." In Open Geometry: OpenGL® + Advanced Geometry, 129–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1428-1_5.

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Mazor, Stanley, and Patricia Langstraat. "Primitive Elements 1 + 1 ≠ 2.0." In A Guide to VHDL, 21–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2114-0_2.

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Mikhalev, Alexander A., Vladimir Shpilrain, and Jie-Tai Yu. "Rank Theorems and Primitive Elements." In CMS Books in Mathematics, 213–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21724-6_13.

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Kharchenko, Vladislav. "Algebra of Skew-Primitive Elements." In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 129–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22704-7_4.

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Hachenberger, Dirk, and Dieter Jungnickel. "Primitive Elements in Affine Hyperplanes." In Topics in Galois Fields, 689–743. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60806-4_14.

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Mazor, Stanley, and Patricia Langstraat. "Primitive Elements 1 + 1 ≠ 2.0." In A Guide to VHDL, 21–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3216-3_2.

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Le-Ngoc, Tho, Ming Jia, and Anader Benyamin-Seeyar. "Permutation decoding using primitive elements as multipliers." In Information Theory and Applications, 287–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57936-2_45.

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Darkovich, K., K. Kakuda, and N. Tosaka. "Explicit Forms of the Fundamental Solution Tensor and Singular Integrals for the 2D Primitive-Variables Navier-Stokes Formulation." In Boundary Elements XIII, 111–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3696-9_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Primitive elements"

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Ishibashi, Sho, Jingchen Yan, Yuichi Goto, and Jingde Cheng. "Primitive Constituent Elements of Cryptographic Protocols." In 2018 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartworld.2018.00068.

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Erickson, Mark. "Primitive Drawings." In 2017 ACSA Annual Conference. ACSA Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.amp.105.31.

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The cone, the sphere, and the cylinder are geometric solids derived from a circle. Within our contemporary digital framework, a cone is a singular object that is a built-in component in most software platforms, a primitive. The same could be said for the sphere or the cylinder. However, these massive and apparently singular forms are composed of sets of simple geometric elements: the circle and the point. In the history of architectural drawing, the ability to break down the cone, the sphere, and the cylinder into specific geometric properties has made these figures not only significant formal elements but also drawing instruments in their own right.
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Pivar, Matej, and Deja Muck. "Study of 4D primitives' self-transformation." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p58.

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4D printing is the process through which a 3D printed object or primitive is transformed into another structure under the influence of external energy input such as temperature, light or other extertal stimuli. The 4th dimension is the time in which the primitive changes its appearance. In most cases, the shape changes. We call this a self-assembly or self-transformation process. In the process of printing a primitive, capable of transforming themselves from one shape to another, we often encounter combinations of one or two thermoplastic materials that have different thermal and physico-mechanical properties. The printed primitive is transformed where the active element is contained. The active element is the basic building block of the self-transforming primitive. For this purpose, it is necessary to choose the appropriate combination of thermoplastic materials, to determine the length of the active element and the number of layers of which it is composed. For the printing of the active element two thermoplastic materials can be selected which differ from each other in their thermal transitions and physico-mechanical properties. The process of transformation under the influence of elevated temperature should be carried out in such a way that the printed primitive is heated above the temperature of the glass transition that the material used on the active elements has. This releases the residual stresses created during the printing process and causes the active material to shrink. In this way, a primitive can be transformed from a flat shape to a final 3D shape. This shape is then maintained by controlled cooling below the glass transition temperature of the active element. In this paper the first research results of the primitive transformation were presented. The appropriate combination of materials and the optimal temperature of the water as external stimuli were determined, and finally the primitives’ shape recovery. In the research we used the active element which consists of a single layer of flexible, elastic thermoplastic material (passive material) and three layers of thermoplastic materials with the properties of shape memory polymers (active material). For printing we used the multitool 3D printer ZMorph which is based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology.
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Connolly, Thomas J. M., and Jaime A. Contreras. "New Bond Graph Primitive Elements for Modeling Systems Modeled by Practical Derivatives." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14942.

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This paper describes our work in creating and using new bond graph primitive elements to represent time-varying and/or frequency-dependent effects in engineering systems. These phenomena can be mathematically represented by fractional-order differential and integral operators. Equations with such operators arise from the analysis and application of several classes of partial differential equations [1]. Previous researchers (Bagley, Torvik, et. al.) have used this approach to further the modeling of fluid-structure interactions, heat transfer, and related control systems [3–6]. These new primitive elements represent visco-inertial and visco-elastic phenomena, whose constitutive laws are dictated by half-order derivatives and integrals. After a brief overview of the fractional derivative, we continue with a formalized mathematical development of these new primitive elements using an impedance-based approach, which provides further support in the argument for their necessity. This approach provides the system modeler with new tools to widen the range of systems that he can accurately model using a lumped-parameter bond graph approach. We illustrate the application and utility of the approach with an example problem in fluid-structure interactions by presenting bond graph models and corresponding simulations. The simulations reveal that the use of these new elements accurately captures the frequency-dependent behavior of the physical system.
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Mikhalev, Alexander A., and Andrej A. Zolotykh. "Algorithms for primitive elements of free Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras." In the 1996 international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/236869.236929.

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Morino, Luigi. "Boundary Elements in Primitive Variables and FWH Equation Revisited - Viscosity Effects." In 10th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2890.

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Prabhu, D. R., and D. L. Taylor. "Some Issues in the Generation of the Topology of Systems With Constant Power-Flow Input-Output Requirements." In ASME 1988 Design Technology Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1988-0006.

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Abstract In this paper, we examine design problems in which requirements consist of constant power-flows with constant effort and flow variables in various domains. The use of an outgrowth of bond graph structure for design is explored. A spanning set of functional primitives is determined which can assemble an arbitrary system meeting the above functional requirements. Some basic theorems are developed regarding generic assembly algorithms to build systems using elements belonging to the chosen set. Maximum and minimum bounds on complexity are determined. An optimal partitioning of specified requirements is obtained to minimize the number of primitives needed. Power-flows through each primitive used is subsequently minimized to obtain a minimal power-flow graph.
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Kumar, Ashok V., Jongho Lee, and Ravi Burla. "Implicit Solid Modeling for Mesh Free Analysis." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85402.

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In traditional solid modeling the boundaries of the solid are represented using parametric equations. Even though the application of implicit equations has also been explored, they have not been widely used. Interest has been rekindled recently due to application of implicit equations to mesh free engineering analysis. In this paper, an implicit representation scheme for solids is presented where the boundaries of primitive solids are defined using implicit equation of surfaces. To ensure that the equations are axis independent, the characteristic functions for the implicit equations are defined by interpolating within hexahedral elements. Primitive solids are defined by sweeping closed 2D profiles. The boundaries of these profiles are defined using implicit equations of curves. Implicit equations can be used for constructing “step function” of the primitives and their Boolean combinations. The step functions of a solid has a unit value inside the solid and zero outside and can be used for computing volume integrals needed for mesh free analysis.
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Reish, Benjamin. "Simulating Dynamic Tension Effects From an Out-of-Round Unwind Roll." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70139.

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Abstract Web handling systems maintain a certain amount of tension in the web and a process speed. Non-circular rolls of material are not uncommon in the real world arising from storing the rolls or imprecise control of parameters. Non-circular rolls at the beginning of a web handling system cause tension spikes in the web as they are unwound. Simulating the tension effects of the non-circular unwind roll is the aim of this paper. A review of numerical models, called primitive elements, for web handling systems is included. The parameters required to describe a web handling system are reviewed. A primitive element for modeling a non-circular roll is introduced. The web handling system model, which uses linear and nonlinear elements in simulation, is compared with experimentally measured data.
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You, Wu, Dong Xin-feng, Wang Jin-bo, and Zhang Wen-zheng. "Construction of MDS Matrices Based on the Primitive Elements of the Finite Field." In 2021 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nana53684.2021.00090.

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Reports on the topic "Primitive elements"

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Piercey, S. J., and J. L. Pilote. Nd-Hf isotope geochemistry and lithogeochemistry of the Rambler Rhyolite, Ming VMS deposit, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland: evidence for slab melting and implications for VMS localization. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328988.

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New high precision lithogeochemistry and Nd and Hf isotopic data were collected on felsic rocks of the Rambler Rhyolite formation from the Ming volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. The Rambler Rhyolite formation consists of intermediate to felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with U-shaped primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns with negative Nb anomalies, light rare earth element-enrichment (high La/Sm), and distinctively positive Zr and Hf anomalies relative to surrounding middle rare earth elements (high Zr-Hf/Sm). The Rambler Rhyolite samples have epsilon-Ndt = -2.5 to -1.1 and epsilon-Hft = +3.6 to +6.6; depleted mantle model ages are TDM(Nd) = 1.3-1.5 Ga and TDM(Hf) = 0.9-1.1Ga. The decoupling of the Nd and Hf isotopic data is reflected in epsilon-Hft isotopic data that lies above the mantle array in epsilon-Ndt -epsilon-Hft space with positive ?epsilon-Hft values (+2.3 to +6.2). These Hf-Nd isotopic attributes, and high Zr-Hf/Sm and U-shaped trace element patterns, are consistent with these rocks having formed as slab melts, consistent with previous studies. The association of these slab melt rocks with Au-bearing VMS mineralization, and their FI-FII trace element signatures that are similar to rhyolites in Au-rich VMS deposits in other belts (e.g., Abitibi), suggests that assuming that FI-FII felsic rocks are less prospective is invalid and highlights the importance of having an integrated, full understanding of the tectono-magmatic history of a given belt before assigning whether or not it is prospective for VMS mineralization.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Бєлик, and Юрій Васильович Лихолат. Ecological and Geological Determination of the Initial Pedogenesis on Devastated Lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine). Journ. Geol. Geograph. Geoecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3643.

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In our time, a very urgent problem is the cessation of negative impacts on the environment and the return to the practical use of the territories of devastated lands. In this regard, it is important to find out the basic laws of primary soil formation in the area of these man-made neoplasms. The initial soil formation conditions were analyzed on 19 experimental sites which represent the main varieties of devastated land in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining and Metallurgical District (Central Ukraine): (i) waste rock dumps of old iron mines (old name “Forges”), (ii) tailing storage facility of underground iron mines, (iii) waste rock dumps of the Iron Ore Mining and Dressing Plant, (iv) waste rock dumps of the Granite Quarry Plant. It was established that on the devastated lands in Kryvyi Rih District, the initial soil formation occurs in very difficult conditions. Therefore, over 25- 100 years only very primitive soils were formed. The following features are inherent to them: (1) primitive soil profile (thickness 10-100 mm), (2) low levels of soil organic substance content (9.5-11.5 %), (3) alkaline indicators of the soil solution (pHH2O – 8.08-8.92, pHKCl – 7.42-8.23), (4) low levels of cation exchange capacity (6.34-8.47 mMol /100 g). By results of correlation calculations, among the factors of soil formation time (duration of soil formation) and input of plant ash elements’ fall are characterized by the maximum number of statistically significant correlation coefficients and their numerical values. In terms of chemical composition of the technosol, the values of organic matter content and exchangeable acidity (pHKCl) were the most predictable soil formation factors. Generally physical / chemical characteristics of geological rocks (as parent material) and time were the two most important factors in determining the initial pedogenesis on devastated lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine).
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