Academic literature on the topic 'Primiparous sow'
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Journal articles on the topic "Primiparous sow"
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Roldan-Santiago, P., D. Mota-Rojas, J. Martínez-Burnes, A. Velarde, R. Muns, and A. López-Mayagoitia. "Neurophysiological development of newborn pigs: effect of the sow." Animal Production Science 59, no. 2 (2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16641.
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The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of sow parity on neonatal piglet health and vitality at birth. We evaluated 1505 neonate piglets, which were born of York–Landrace sows with the following parity distribution: primiparous (n = 202), second (n = 207), third (n = 211), fourth (n = 222), fifth (n = 225), sixth (n = 218) and seventh parity (n = 220). Piglets born to primiparous and seventh-parity sows had the lowest and highest birthweights respectively, and showed the most marked imbalances in blood gas exchanges, acid–base balance and energy profiles, as well as the highest percentage of severe meconium staining of the skin and the lowest vitality scores (P < 0.05). In contrast, the neonates from the fourth-parity sows had the highest vitality scores, required less time to reach the mother’s teat, and had the highest percentage of adhered umbilical cords and newborns with dyspnoea, apnoea and abnormal heartbeat (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that during eutocic farrowings, the sow’s parity number has the following effects on newborn piglets: reduced vigour and longer latencies to begin breathing, stand and take the teat. These effects are due to the presence of imbalances in gas exchanges, the acid–base balance and energy profiles that occurred when the mother was a primiparous or older sow. These signs indicate that the newborn piglet survived a process of intrapartum asphyxia.
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Zak, L., GR Foxcroft, FX Aherne, and RN Kirkwood. "Role of Luteinizing Hormone in Primiparous Sow Responses to Split Weaning." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43, no. 4 (August 2008): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00932.x.
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Patterson, J. L., M. N. Smit, S. Novak, A. P. Wellen, and G. R. Foxcroft. "Restricted feed intake in lactating primiparous sows. I. Effects on sow metabolic state and subsequent reproductive performance." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 7 (2011): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd11015.
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The effects of feed restriction (60% of anticipated feed intake; Restrict; n = 60) during the last week of a 21-day lactation in primiparous sows compared with feeding at 90% of anticipated feed intake (Control; n = 60) on sow metabolic state, litter growth and sow reproductive performance after weaning were compared. Metabolisable energy (ME) derived from feed was lower, ME derived from body tissues was higher and litter growth rate was reduced (all P < 0.05) in Restrict sows during the last week of lactation. Treatment did not affect weaning-to-oestrus interval, pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, embryonic survival or the number of live embryos (P > 0.05) at Day 30 of gestation: However, embryo weight was greater (P < 0.05) in Control than in Restrict sows (1.55 ± 0.04 vs 1.44 ± 0.04 g, respectively). These data suggest the biology of the commercial sow has changed and reproductive performance of contemporary primiparous sows is increasingly resistant to the negative effects of lactational catabolism. Overall, catabolism negatively affected litter weaning weight and embryonic development of the next litter, but the extent to which individual sows used tissue mobilisation to support these litter outcomes was highly variable.
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Portele, Scheck, Siegmann, Feitsch, Maschat, Rault, and Camerlink. "Sow-Piglet Nose Contacts in Free-Farrowing Pens." Animals 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9080513.
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Nose contact is a frequent form of social behaviour in pigs, but the motivational reasons underlying this behaviour remain unclear. We investigated the frequency, direction and type of sow–piglet nosing behaviour and its association with sow and piglet traits. Social nosing behaviour was recorded by live observations and video recordings in 22 sows and their 249 piglets in free-farrowing pens once weekly during the first three weeks after farrowing (3 times 30 min of observations per litter). Piglet-to-sow nosing occurred on average 32.8 ± 2.35 times per 30 min per litter. Heavier piglets at one week of age nosed the sow more than lighter piglets (P = 0.01). Piglet-to-sow nosing was unrelated to the piglet’s sex or teat order. Sow-to-piglet nosing occurred on average 3.6 ± 0.53 times per 30 min, and this was unrelated to litter size. Primiparous sows nosed their piglets more in the second week after farrowing. Litters in which piglet-to-sow nosing occurred more showed less variation in the expression of this behaviour across the weeks. Social nosing between sow and piglets deserves further research to understand the positive implications of this behaviour for sow and piglet welfare.
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Foisnet, A., C. Farmer, C. David, and H. Quesnel. "Relationships between colostrum production by primiparous sows and sow physiology around parturition1." Journal of Animal Science 88, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 1672–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2562.
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Min, Yejin, Yohan Choi, Joeun Kim, Doowan Kim, Yongdae Jeong, Younghwa Kim, Minho Song, and Hyunjung Jung. "Comparison of the Productivity of Primiparous Sows Housed in Individual Stalls and Group Housing Systems." Animals 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111940.
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This study was conducted to provide commercial pig farms with information about group housing systems for sows in accordance with the amendment of the prohibition law for individual stalls for sows in South Korea. Therefore, this experiment was performed to compare the effects of individual stalls (IS) and group housing systems (GS) on the productivity of sows to investigate the feasibility of replacing individual stalls with group housing systems in commercial sow units. Forty primiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; 210.67 ± 2.22 kg average initial body weight) were randomly assigned to four treatments with restricted feeding after 8 weeks from artificial insemination. The four treatments were (i) individual stalls (IS; housed in pen stalls), (ii) short stalls (SS; sows housed in pens with non-gated feeding stalls), (iii) free access stalls (FAS; a non-competitive housing system), and (iv) electronic sow feeders (ESF; used with radio frequency identification technology to allow individual sow management without individual confinement). All sows were transferred to farrowing crates at 110 days of gestation. There were no differences in sow productive performance, reproductive performance, and colostrum composition between IS and GS and among GS. The considered GS did not negatively affect any productivity parameters of primiparous sows compared with IS; the GS could replace IS in commercial sow units.
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Liu, Bo, Yuanfei Zhou, Xiong Xia, Chao Wang, Hongkui Wei, and Jian Peng. "Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Production Performance and Milk Composition of High-Producing Sows during Lactation." Animals 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111947.
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Modern genotype sows require enhanced nutrition because of their larger body size and higher reproductive performance than 20 years ago. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary Lys on the lactating of primiparous sows and the second lactating period to minimize sow body weight (BW) loss and maximize the survival rate of piglets and litter gain. A total of 160 primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly allotted to one of four experimental lactation diets. Formulated to contain 0.84%, 0.94%, 1.04%, and 1.14% standardized ileal digestibility (SID) Lys and balanced in Met, Thr, Trp, and Val. No dietary effects were found on sow body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) change and feed intake during lactation. However, the Lys intake (p = 0.04) of lactation increased linearly with increasing dietary Lys levels. In addition, 1.14% Lys for primiparous sow and 0.94% Lys for second parity sow during lactation increased the survival rate (p = 0.04), weight (p = 0.04), and ADG of piglets at d 21 (p = 0.03). The dietary Lys level did not affect colostrum compositions. However, the dry matter (p = 0.04) and protein (p = 0.03) in milk increased linearly with the increase in dietary Lys levels, whereas moisture decreased linearly (p = 0.05). The level of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) also increased at d 21 of weaning (p = 0.04). These results indicate that high-yielding lactating sows required 1.14% SID Lys during parity 1, and 0.94% SID Lys during parity 2 to maximize the survival rate of piglets and litter gain, respectively. Moreover, the effects of dietary amino acid (AA) on the production performance of weaning pigs could be mediated through milk composition change.
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Jahan, Marefa, Nidhish Francis, and Bing Wang. "Serum lactoferrin concentration of primiparous sow during gestation and lactation, and comparison between sow-fed and formula-fed piglets1." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz145.
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Abstract Lactoferrin (LF) is a sialylated iron-binding glycoprotein, occurring in several biological secretions like milk, saliva, and seminal fluids and is a major component of a mammalian innate immune system. It plays multiple protective roles against large group of microorganisms and performs anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. The concentration of serum LF in gilt (primiparous sow) and their piglets remains unknown. We determined serum LF concentration in gilts during gestation and lactation to that of 19-d-old piglets, including sow-fed and formula-fed piglets using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the concentration of serum LF in gilts varied during gestation (0.77 ± 0.10 µg/mL) and lactation (0.62 ± 0.11 µg/mL). The mean concentration of serum LF in gilts (0.72 ± 0.06 µg/mL) was significantly higher than that of piglets (0.42 ± 0.07 µg/mL, P = 0.004). Additionally, a marginal significant difference (P =0.06) was observed for serum LF concentration in sow-fed piglets (0.42 ± 0.03 µg/mL) at 19 d old compared to that of formula-fed piglets (0.33 ± 0.04 µg/mL) at 37 d old. This study provides noble information regarding the serum LF concentration in the healthy gilts and piglets and thereby the data can be used as a standard reference point for future studies on the role of LF in pig reproduction.
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Wijesiriwardana, Udani A., Kate J. Plush, Sally Tritton, John R. Pluske, Jeremy J. Cottrell, and Frank R. Dunshea. "Feeding Sows Lucerne, or Diets with Similar Energy and Nutritional Profiles to Lucerne, Improves the Pre-Weaning Performance of Piglets." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111146.
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Feeding fibre and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to sows during late gestation and lactation, respectively, have been shown to improve litter weights at weaning. Therefore, supplementing primiparous sow diets with lucerne chaff, a feedstuff high in fibre, BCAA and tryptophan, may improve the performance of their progeny. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of feeding primiparous sows (n = 118) either (i) a control diet (CON); (ii) CON with 1 kg of lucerne chaff (LUC); or (iii) a diet formulated to have a similar digestible energy and BCAA content as CON + LUC (SIMLUC 1) until farrowing. The LUC and SIMLUC 1 diets improved day 21 litter weight (p = 0.055). In Experiment 2 primiparous (n = 111) and multiparous sows (parities 2–5, n = 112) were fed either the CON or SIMLUC diet (SIMLUC 2) from day 110 of gestation to farrowing (PreF), or to day 10 post-farrowing (PreF + PostF). The SIMLUC 2 diet tended to be more beneficial to primiparous compared to multiparous sows when fed PreF, as indicated by an interaction between diet and parity on day 21 average piglet weights (p = 0.078). Overall, SIMLUC is most effective in improving primiparous progeny performance as evidenced by their D21 weights.
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Craig, Jessica, Frank Dunshea, Jeremy Cottrell, Udani Wijesiriwardana, and John Pluske. "Primiparous and Multiparous Sows Have Largely Similar Colostrum and Milk Composition Profiles Throughout Lactation." Animals 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9020035.
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It is important to understand the biological factors influencing the poorer lifetime performance of gilt progeny in comparison to sow progeny and determine whether this may be partially due to differences in lactation performance between primiparous and multiparous sows. It was hypothesized that primiparous sows would have lower levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in colostrum and milk compared to multiparous sows, and lower levels of other energetic components. Differences in colostrum and milk composition between ten primiparous and ten multiparous sows (parities 3 and 4) from a commercial herd were examined throughout lactation (day 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21). Overall, there were no (p ≥ 0.05) parity differences in total IgG, fat, protein, lactose, and net energy (NE) concentrations. Primiparous sows had higher lactose levels at day 2 (parity by timepoint interaction; p = 0.036) and lower NE at day 3 (p = 0.091), and multiparous sows had higher lactose levels at days 14 and 21. Results suggest that shortcomings of gilt progeny are unlikely due to insufficient nutrient levels in colostrum and milk, and more likely to reduced colostrum and milk intake and their capacity to digest and absorb each component.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primiparous sow"
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Zak, Louisa Jane. "Physiological mechanisms mediating nutrition-reproduction interactions in the lactating and weaned primiparous sow." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21660.pdf.
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Sterning, Marie. "Reproductive performance and oestrous symptoms in primiparous sows /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1996. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1996/91-576-5229-5.gif.
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Williams, Amanda M. Lucy Matthew C. Safranski Timothy Jon. "Effects of heat stress on reproduction and productivity of primiparous sows and their piglets' performance." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6460.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 23, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Drs. Matthew C. Lucy and Timothy J. Safranski. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Orzechowski, Kristina J. "Comparison of endocrine regulators of metabolism and postweaning reproduction in primiparous and multiparous sows." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32205.pdf.
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Abtey, Catherine. "la confiance chez les femmes primipares de la grossesse au post-partum." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347470.
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La confiance des femmes dans cette aventure de la naissance a été étudiée surtout comme l'absence d'anxiété. L'importance de la sécurité psychique d'une parturiente est nécessaire à l'établissement du lien mère-enfant qui commence en prénatal. Il est donc intéressant de s'interroger sur les facteurs influençant cette confiance, et comment la renforcer. Cette étude exploratoire qualitative longitudinale s'est effectuée à partir de trois entretiens avec 19 femmes en début de grossesse, en fin de grossesse et après l'accouchement. Une évaluation subjective par les femmes à l'aide d'une échelle analogique a permis de suivre l'évolution de leur sérénité et des différentes sortes de confiance : en soi, en leurs capacités maternelles, en leurs bébés et, envers les différents intervenants de la naissance. Leurs vécus positifs de cette expérience de la maternité, participent à une meilleure estime d'elles-mêmes, et l'attachement à leurs enfants a pu s'établir. Les besoins, attentes et manques des femmes ont permis de comprendre ce que le professionnel pouvait apporter d'utile à la parturiente dans ce processus d'ouverture de son corps et de son c?ur. L'étude de la physiologie hormonale de la naissance, avec le rôle de l'ocytocine, nous permet de réaliser le besoin de soutien émotionnel et physique de la femme pour créer ce climat de confiance nécessaire à l'établissement du lien mère-enfant. La confiance est un processus dynamique. C'est en réalisant qu'elle a les ressources nécessaires pour accoucher et pour s'occuper de son enfant que la femme renforce sa confiance.
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Lehnen, Cheila Roberta. "Programas alimentares de porcas gestantes e lactantes utilizando o modelo InraPorc®." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4329.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA study was conducted to evaluate in Brazilian conditions the nutritional and feeding strategies of InraPorc® model for gestating and lactating sows. To meet the requirements of the model, the work was done in four steps: establishment of animal profile, determination of nutritional requirements, and definition of feed and nutrition program and application of the model InraPorc in commercial farm. Eighty DanBred sows were used, selected in order of birth, weight and backfat thickness. The experimental design was a randomized block and treatments were assigned to diets and feeding program used by the Farm program and adjusted by InraPorc. The treatments consisted of 40 replications were divided into three groups: OP1 - 15; OP2 - 13 and OP> 3-12 sows. During pregnancy, between 26 and 85 days, feed intake was 5% higher in primiparous sows, 14% in OP2 sows and 13.5% in OP> 3 sows fed by the InraPorc nutritional program. Between 86 to 108 days, the nutritional adjustments was 8.3% higher in feed intake in primiparous sows, 6.2% in OP2 sows and 9.3% in OP> 3 sows. During the lactation, the nutritional adjustment increased the maternal gain an average of 5% in both groups. The uterine contents and litter weight at birth was higher (P<0.05) in OP2 sows fed by the InraPorc® nutritional program to relation sows fed with Farm program. The total number of piglets born and born alive was higher in OP2 sows fed with the feeding program by InraPorc. The average weight of piglets at birth was higher in groups fed with the feeding program by InraPorc (1.313 vs. 1.273 kg). Piglet weight at weaning was 14 and 9% higher in piglets of primiparous and OP2 sows fed with feeding program by InraPorc. The sows weaning weight was 6.4% higher in primiparous sows fed diets adjusted by InraPorc. In this study, the weight loss observed in the groups ranged from 2 to 4.9%, and we found the largest mobilization in OP ≥ 3 sows fed diets adjusted by InraPorc. The InraPorc identified nutritional deficiencies in primiparous sows during late gestation and proposed a nutritional adjustment to the category. The adjustment in primiparous nutrition in gestation increases the maternal gain and in lactation reduces the maternal catabolism of body reserves. In addition, nutritional support during pregnancy increases the piglet weight at birth and during lactation, weaning weights.
Um estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar em condições brasileiras as estratégias nutricionais e alimentares do modelo InraPorc® para porcas gestantes e lactantes. Para atender os requisitos do modelo, o trabalho foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas: estabelecimento do perfil animal, determinação das exigências nutricionais, definição do programa nutricional e alimentar e aplicação do modelo InraPorc em granja comercial. Foram utilizadas 80 porcas DanBred, selecionadas por ordem de parto, peso vivo e espessura de toucinho. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso constituídos de dois tratamentos - programa de dietas e alimentar utilizado pela Granja e programa de dietas e alimentar ajustado pelo InraPorc®. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 40 repetições, distribuídos em três grupos de ordem de parto (OP): OP1 15; OP2 13 e OP≥3 12 porcas. Na gestação, entre os 26 e 85 dias, o consumo de ração foi 5% superior em primíparas, 14% em porcas OP2 e 13,5% em porcas OP≥3 alimentadas com programa ajustado pelo InraPorc comparado ao da Granja. Entre os 86 a 108 dias, o ajuste nutricional pelo modelo foi superior em 8,3% no consumo de ração em primíparas, 6,2% em porcas OP2 e 9,3% em porcas OP≥3. O ajuste nutricional durante a lactação aumentou o ganho materno em média de 5% no grupos estudados. O conteúdo uterino e o peso da leitegada ao nascer foi superior (P<0,05) em fêmeas OP2 alimentadas com programa nutricional ajustado. O consumo médio durante a lactação foi 3,6% superior em primíparas, 7,3% em porcas OP2 e 6,7% em porcas de OP ≥ 3 alimentadas com programa alimentar ajustado pelo InraPorc em relação ao programa alimentar da granja. O número de leitões nascidos totais e de nascidos vivos foi superior em porcas OP2 alimentadas com programa alimentar ajustado pelo InraPorc. O peso médio dos leitões ao nascer foi superior nos grupos alimentados com programa ajustado pelo InraPorc (1,313 vs. 1,273 kg). O peso ao desmame foi 14 e 9% superior em leitões de primíparas e porcas OP2 alimentadas com programa ajustado pelo InraPorc. O peso das porcas ao desmame foi 6,4% superior nas primíparas alimentadas com programa alimentar ajustado pelo InraPorc. Nesse estudo, a perda de peso verificada nos grupos estudados oscilou de 2 a 4,9%, sendo verificada a maior mobilização em porcas OP≥3 alimentadas com o programa InraPorc. O InraPorc identificou deficiências nutricionais em primíparas no terço final da gestação e propôs um ajuste nutricional para essa categoria. O ajuste nutricional em primíparas na gestação aumenta o ganho materno e na lactação reduz o catabolismo das reservas corporais. Além disso, o aporte nutricional na gestação aumenta o peso do leitão ao nascer e, durante a lactação o peso ao desmame.
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Tsuma, Victor T. "Clinical and endocrine studies in primiparous sows : effects of weaning during lactation and of group housing and fasting during early pregnancy /." Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv, 1995. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1995/91-576-5044-6.gif.
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Sbardella, Pedro Ernesto. "Inseminação artificial pós-cervical em primíparas suínas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71572.
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Este estudo avaliou a performance reprodutiva de primíparas suínas submetidas à inseminação artificial pós-cervical (IAPC) comparada à inseminação artificial cervical (IAC). A dificuldade na introdução do cateter, ocorrência de sangue ou refluxo durante a inseminação e o volume e o total de células refluídas até 60 minutos após a inseminação também foram avaliados. As fêmeas foram homogeneamente distribuídas, de acordo com a perda de peso na lactação, duração da lactação, número de leitões desmamados, intervalo desmame-estro e nascidos totais no parto anterior, em dois tratamentos: IAPC (n=165) com 1,5 x 109 células espermáticas em 45 ml e IAC (n=165) com 3 x 109 células espermáticas em 90 ml. Foi realizada ultrassonografia transabdominal em tempo real no momento em que as fêmeas apresentaram estro e 24 horas após a última inseminação. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos na taxa de parto e no tamanho da leitegada (P > 0,05). O sucesso na passagem do cateter intra-uterino em todas as inseminações foi possível em 86,8% (165/190) das fêmeas inicialmente selecionadas para o tratamento IAPC. A dificuldade na introdução do cateter em pelo menos uma inseminação não afetou a performance reprodutiva das fêmeas do tratamento IAPC (P > 0,05). A ocorrência de sangramento durante a inseminação não afetou (P > 0,05) a taxa de parto em ambos os tratamentos, mas o tamanho da leitegada foi reduzido nos tratamentos IAC e IAPC (P ≤ 0,06). O percentual de espermatozoides presentes no refluxo foi maior no tratamento IAC que no IAPC (P < 0,01). Não foi observada diferença (P > 0,05) na taxa de parto e no tamanho da leitegada de acordo com o percentual de espermatozoides no refluxo (Baixo: ≤ 20% e Alto: >20%). É possível realizar a IAPC em primíparas suínas com doses contendo 1,5 x 109 células espermáticas sem causar prejuízos no desempenho reprodutivo.The study evaluated the reproductive performance of primiparous sows submitted to post cervical insemination (PCAI) compared to cervical artificial insemination (CAI). Difficulty with catheter introduction, occurrence of bleeding or semen backflow during insemination, and volume and sperm cell backflow up to 60 min after insemination were also evaluated. Sows were homogenously distributed, according to body weight loss in lactation, lactation length, weaned piglets, weaning-to-estrus interval and total born in previous farrowing, in two treatments: PCAI (n= 165) with 1.5 x 109 sperm cells in 45 ml and CAI (n= 165) with 3 x 109 sperm cells in 90 ml. Transabdominal real time ultrasonography was performed at the moment of standing heat and 24 h after last insemination. There was no difference between treatments in farrowing rate and litter size (P > 0.05). Successful passage of the intrauterine catheter in all the inseminations was possible in 86.8% (165/190) of sows initially allocated to PCAI treatment. Difficulty of introducing the catheter in at least one insemination did not affect the reproductive performance of PCAI sows (P > 0.05). Bleeding during insemination did not affect (P > 0.05) the farrowing rate in both treatments, but litter size was reduced in CAI and PCAI sows (P ≤ 0.06). Percentage of spermatozoa present in backflow was greater in CAI than PCAI treatment (P < 0.01). No difference (P > 0.05) was observed in farrowing rate and litter size according to the percentage of spermatozoa in backflow (Low: ≤ 20%; High: > 20%). It’s possible to perform the PCAI in primiparous sows with doses containing 1,5 x 109 sperm cells without detrimental on reproductive performance.
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Chen, Tai Yuan. "Dietary energy manipulations and reproductive performance in primiparous sows." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80623.
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In primiparous sows, feed intake is generally insufficient to meet lactation demands during lactation. Inadequate nutrient supply increases mobilisation of body reserves during lactation and, as a consequence, affect subsequent reproduction. Excessive loss of body reserves during lactation is not only associated with delayed postweaning oestrus and the size of the subsequent litter, but also increases culling rate and reduces sow longevity and the productivity of the breeding herd. The aim of the thesis was to develop a clear understanding of the impact of a negative energy balance during lactation affects reproductive performance of modern primiparous sows in Australia, and evaluate feeding strategies involving energy manipulations during crucial periods for improving subsequent litter size. In the first study, the associations of sow body weight changes during lactation and the body weight at weaning with subsequent reproductive performance were studied. By minimising body weight loss and maintain adequate body reserves at weaning through the supply of sufficient energy when rearing equal to or less than ten piglets during lactation, the post-weaning reproduction of modern primiparous sows may not be affected. In the second study, the carry-over effects of energy intake during the early antral phase and subsequent follicular phase on follicle recruitment and ovulation rate were assessed using a gilt model. Follicle size at the end of the luteal phase was greater for gilts that were previously fed at a high feed level. During the follicular phase, high feeding increased follicle size at Day 5 and plasma oestradiol concentration. Nevertheless, a low feed level during the luteal phase reduced ovulation rate and the number of embryo, and this was not counteracted by feed level during the follicular phase. Plasma progesterone concentration after ovulation was lower for gilts that were restricted-fed throughout the whole period than for other treatments. These results indicate that undernutrition during early antral follicular development may have a residual effect on follicle recruitment and quality. In the third study, the effects of substituting 1 kg of a standard lactation diet with 1 kg of a sugar-rich or fat-rich diet during late lactation on blood glucose and insulin changes were investigated. The results suggest that a sugar-enriched diet during the last week of lactation elevates circulating glucose and insulin concentrations, and may potentially improve post-weaning fertility in primiparous sows. Therefore, the fourth study investigated the effects of pre-weaning energy substitutions plus postweaning altrenogest treatment as positive control on follicular development, endocrine characteristics and subsequent litter size in primiparous sows. The weaning-to-ovulation interval tended to be reduced in the sugar-rich treatment, although body weight loss during the treatment period, post-weaning follicle development, plasma oestradiol and pre-weaning leptin did not differ among treatments, except body weight loss was lower and leptin was higher in the altrenogest treatment. Post-ovulatory progesterone concentration in the sugar treatment was higher. Sows in the sugar-rich and altrenogest treatments had a greater proportion of litters with larger litter sizes. The outcome indicates that increasing circulating insulin and glucose concentrations during late lactation or a week of metabolic recovery positively improves subsequent litter size in primiparous sows. It is recommended from the outcomes of this thesis that an improvement of reproductive performance can be achieved by maximising energy intake (with insulin-stimulating diet) during late lactation or post-weaning altrenogest administration for a week for energy restoration to minimising post-weaning negative energy impacts, and ultimately improve reproductive performance in primiparous sows.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2012
Books on the topic "Primiparous sow"
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Tsuma, Victor T. Clincal and endocrine studies in primiparous sows: Effects of weaning during lactation and of group housing and fasting during early pregnancy. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1995.
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Rojkittikhun, Titima. Clinical and endocrinological studies in lactating and post-weaning primiparous sows: Effects of weight loss during lactation and of changes in management at weaning. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1992.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Primiparous sow"
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Slater, L. M., K. A. MacTavish, and D. Pengilly. "Preliminary Analysis of Spermathecal Load of Primiparous Snow Crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) from the Eastern Bering Sea, 2005-2008." In Biology and Management of Exploited Crab Populations under Climate Change. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/bmecpcc.2010.10.
Full textReports on the topic "Primiparous sow"
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Hansen, Peter J., Zvi Roth, and Jeremy J. Block. Improving oocyte competence in dairy cows exposed to heat stress. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598163.bard.
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Original Objectives. The overall goal is to develop methods to increase pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress through methods that minimize damage to the oocyte and embryo caused by heat stress. Objectives were as follows: (1) examine the protective effects of melatonin on developmental competence of oocytes exposed to elevated temperature in vitro; (2) test whether melatonin feeding can improve developmental competence of oocytes in vivo and, if so, whether effects are limited to the summer or also occur in the absence of heat stress; and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of improving fertility by facilitating follicular turnover in the summer and winter. Revised Objectives. (1) Examine protective effects of melatonin and follicular fluid on developmental competence of oocytes exposed to elevated temperature in vitro; (2) examine the protective effects of melatonin on developmental competence of embryos exposed to elevated temperature in vitro; (3) evaluate effectiveness of improving fertility by administering human chorionicgonadotropin (hCG) to increase circulating concentrations of progesterone and evaluate whether response to hCG depends upon genotype for four mutations reported to be related to cow fertility; and (4) identify genes with allelic variants that increase resistance of embryos to heat shock. Background. The overall hypothesis is that pregnancy success is reduced by heat stress because of damage to the oocyte and cleavage-stage embryo mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that fertility can be improved by provision of antioxidants or by removing follicles containing oocytes damaged by heat stress. During the study, additional evidence from the literature indicated the potential importance of treatment with chorionicgonadotropin to increase fertility of heat- stressed cows and results from other studies in our laboratories implicated genotype as an important determinant of cow fertility. Thus, the project was expanded to evaluate hCG treatment and to identify whether fertility response to hCG depended upon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes implicated as important for cow fertility. We also evaluated whether a SNP in a gene important for cellular resistance to heat stress (HSPA1L, a member of the heat shock protein 70 family) is important for embryonic resistance to elevated temperature. Major conclusions, solutions & achievements. Results confirmed that elevated temperature increases ROS production by the oocyte and embryo and that melatonin decreases ROS. Melatonin reduced, but did not completely block, damaging effects of heat shock on the oocyte and had no effect on development of the embryo. Melatonin was protective to the oocyte at 0.1-1 μM, a concentration too high to be achieved in cows. It was concluded that melatonin is unlikely to be a useful molecule for increasing fertility of heat-stressed cows. Treatment with hCG at day 5 after breeding increased first-service pregnancy rate for primiparous cows but not for multiparous cows. Thus, hCG could be useful for increasing fertility in first-parity cows. The effectiveness of hCG depended upon genotype for a SNP in COQ9, a gene encoding for a mitochondrial-function protein. This result points the way to future efforts to use genetic information to identify populations of cows for which hormone treatments will be effective or ineffective. The SNP in HSPA1L was related to embryonic survival after heat shock. Perhaps, genetic selection for mutations that increase cellular resistance to heat shock could be employed to reduce effects of heat stress on fertility. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. This project has resulted in abandonment of one possible approach to improve fertility of the heat-stressed cow (melatonin therapy) while also leading to a method for improving fertility of primiparous cows exposed to heat stress (hCG treatment) that can be implemented on farms today. Genetic studies have pointed the way to using genetic information to 1) tailor hormonal treatments to cow populations likely to respond favorably and 2) select animals whose embryos have superior resistance to elevated body temperatures.
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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, and James E. Kinder. Regulation of LH Secretion in the Periovulatory Period as a Strategy to Enhance Ovarian Function and Fertility in Dairy and Beef Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586458.bard.
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The general research objective was to increase herd pregnancy rates by enhancing corpus luteum (CL) function and optimizing follicle development, in order to increase conception rate and embryo survival. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of the duration of the preovulatory LH surge on CL function; to determine the function of LH during the postovulatory period on CL development; to optimize CL differentiation and follicle development by means of a biodegradable GnRH implant; to test whether optimization of CL development and follicle dynamics in timed- insemination protocols would improve fertility in high-yielding dairy cows. Low fertility in cattle results in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars in the USA and Israel. Two major causes of low fertility are formation of a functionally impaired CL, and subsequent enhanced ovarian follicle development. A functionally impaired CL may result from suboptimal LH secretion. The two major causes of low fertility in dairy cattle in US and Israel are negative energy status and summer heat stress; in both situations, low fertility is associated with reductions in LH secretion and impaired development of the ovulatory follicle and of the CL. In Florida, the use of 450-mg deslorelin (GnRH analogue) implants to induce ovulation, under the Ovsynch protocol resulted in a higher pregnancy rates than use of 750-mg implants, and pregnancy losses tended to decrease compared to controls, due probably to decrease in follicular development and estradiol secretion at the time of conceptus signaling to maintain the CL. An alternative strategy to enhance progesterone concentrations involved induction of an accessory CL by injection of hCG on day 5 after the cows were inseminated. Treatment with hCG resulted in 86% of the cows having two CLs, compared with 23% of the control cows. Conception rates were higher among the hCG-treated cows than among the controls. Another approach was to replace the second injection of GnRH analogue, in a timed-insemination protocol, with estradiol cypionate (ECP) injected 24 h after the injection of PGF₂ₐ Pregnancy rates were comparable with those obtained under the regular Ovsynch (timed- AI) program. Use of ECP induced estrus, and cows inseminated at detected estrus are indeed more fertile than those not in estrus at the time of insemination. Collectively, the BARD-supported programs at the University of Florida have improved timed insemination programs. In Ohio, the importance of the frequency of LH episodes during the early stages of the estrous cycle of cattle, when the corpus luteum is developing, was studied in an in vivo experiment in which cows were subjected to various episodic exposures to exogenous bovine LH. Results indicate that the frequent LH episodes immediately following the time of ovulation are important in development of the corpus luteum, from the points of view of both size and functionality. In another study, rates of cell proliferation and numbers of endothelial cells were examined in vitro in CLs collected from cows that received post-ovulation pulsatile LH treatment at various frequencies. The results indicate that the corpora lutea growth that results from luteal cell proliferation is enhanced by the episodes of LH release that occur immediately after the time of ovulation in cattle. The results also show that luteal endothelial cell numbers did not differ among cows treated with different LH doses. In Israel. a longer duration of the preovulatory LH surge stimulated the steroidogenic capacity of granulosa-derived luteal cells, and might, thereby, contribute to a higher progesterone output from the bovine corpus luteum. In an in vivo study, a subgroup of high-yielding dairy cows with extended estrus to ovulation interval was identified. Associated with this extended interval were: low plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations and a low preovulatory LH surge prior to ovulation, as well as low post- ovulation progesterone concentration. In experiments based on the above results, we found that injection of GnRH at the onset of estrus increased the LHpeak, prevented late ovulation, decreased the variability between cows and elicited high and uniform progesterone levels after ovulation. GnRH at estrus onset increased conception rates, especially in the summer, and among primiparous cows and those with low body condition. Another study compared ovarian functions in multiparous lactating cows with those in nulliparous non-lactating heifers. The results revealed differences in ovarian follicular dynamics, and in plasma concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins that may account for the differences in fertility between heifers and cows.