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Hosen, Joshua Carter. "Fundamental Analysis of Wood Adhesion Primers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76869.
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Hydroxymethyl resorcinol (HMR) is an effective adhesion promoter (primer) for wood bonding; it dramatically improves adhesion and enhances bond durability against moisture exposure. In an effort to improve understanding of the HMR mechanism of action, this work compared HMR with two other chemical treatments investigated as wood primers: alkyl-HMR (a-HMR), an HMR variant having reduced crosslink density, and a 5% solution of polymeric methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) in N-methylpyrrolidone (solution referred to as "pMDI"). The experimental system was red oak (Quercus rubra) bonded with a moisture-cure polyurethane adhesive (PUR). The objective was to document wood rheological changes induced by the three primers, and determine if these changes correlated to primer efficacy in PUR-bonded red oak. Adhesion was tested in mode-I (opening) fracture using dual cantilever beam specimens. HMR and a-HMR proved to be highly effective primers for PUR-bonded red oak; both primers dramatically improved bondline toughness and durability. Relative to HMR, the reduced crosslink density in a-HMR did not impair primer efficacy. In contrast, the pMDI primer was ineffective; it reduced bondline toughness and durability. Solvent-submersion, torsional dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was conducted on primer-treated red oak (with specimens immersed in dimethylformamide). Using all three grain orientations, the lignin glass/rubber transition was carefully studied with attention directed towards primer-induced changes in stiffness (storage modulus), the glass transition temperature (Tg), the associated damping (tan ° maximum intensity), and the breadth of tan ° transition. It was found that primer effectiveness correlated with a reduction in damping intensity, and also with a Tg increase greater than 5°C. Determination of these correlations was complicated by grain dependency, and also by rheological changes caused by solvent treatments that were used as primer control treatments.Master of Science
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Chiu, Angela Chen-Yen. "DNA Typing of HLA-B by PCR with Primer Mixes Utilizing Sequence-Specific Primers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278947/.
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The aim of this study was to design a resolution typing system for the HLA-B gene. This technique involves a one-step PCR reaction utilizing genomic DNA and sequence-specific primers to determine the specificity of each allele and to produce a larger primer data base ideal for serological analysis. The application of this technique to serological analysis can improve serology detection which is currently hindered by antibody cross-reactivity and the unavailability of useful typing reagents.
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Angeli, Flora. "Micromachined substrates as primers for cartilage regeneration." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424244.
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Mori, Shigeo. "Water based adhesive primers on aluminum substrates." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020403/.
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Valente, Daine Valente. "Prospecção e transferibilidade de marcadores est-ssr usados para análises filogenéticas em poa annua l." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2016. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/361.
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Poa annua L. é a única espécie invasora de plantas com flores que obteve sucesso reprodutivo na Antártica, constituindo uma ameaça para as espécies nativas desse ecossistema. A hipótese da origem e colonização dessa gramínea nesse ambiente extremo é a de que as plantas pioneiras teriam vindo da Polônia, porém não é descartada a possibilidade de mútiplos eventos de introdução e diferentes fontes de distribuição. A disponibilidade de dados de sequências expressas (EST) tem facilitado o desenvolvimento de marcadores microssatélites (SSR) que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para estudos populacionais em diferentes níveis, fluxo gênico, níveis de parentesco e informações sobre padrões filogeográficos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver marcadores microssatélites a partir de sequências de regiões expressas da família Poaceae, testar o potencial de transferência em P. annua e utilizar esses marcadores para análise filogeográfica de P. annua, a fim de esclarecer a origem e colonização dessa espécie na Antártica. A prospecção de marcadores microssatélites foi desenvolvida com ferramentas de bioinformática, através de análises in sílico SSR em banco de dados EST para família Poaceae, disponíveis no Genbank (NCBI). Foram utilizados os programas CAP3 e SSRLocator para prospecção dos marcadores microssatélites. Uma pesquisa de Termos Gene Ontology (GO) foi realizada no banco de dados de sequências ESTs para avaliar associações entre locus SSR e processos biológicos, componentes celulares e função molecular de genes conhecidos, utilizando os programas Blast2GO e Revigo. O teste de transferência dos primers e análise molecular de P. annua foram conduzidos através da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Foram prospectadas uma lista de 568 pares de primers, destes foram sintetizados 28 marcadores microssatélites para a transferência em P. annua. 68% dos marcadores EST-SSR tiveram potencial de transferência para esta espécie. A análise sugere que as amostras da Antártica são diferentes das amostras do Chile, Brasil, Irlanda e Argentina. Além disso, foram encontrados 613 transcritos divididos em 302 famílias gênicas. Com esta análise, foi possível desenvolver ferramentas moleculares para a análise genética com P. annua e outras espécies de gramíneas, mapear os motivos mais frequentes e funções dos genes em cada locus SSR, e sugerir que os diásporos de P. annua encontrados na Antártica podem ter vindos de fontes distintas das populações da America do Sul.
Poa annua L. is the only invasive species of flowering plants that reached reproductive success in Antarctica, posing a threat to native species of this ecosystem.The hypothesis of the origin and colonization of grass in this extreme environment is the pioneer plants would have come from Poland, but it is not ruled out event of multiple introduction and different sources of distribution. Recent increase in the availability of expressed sequence data (EST) has facilitated the development of microsatellite markers (SSR) can be used as tools for population studies at different levels, gene flow, relationship of levels and patterns phylogeographical information. The objective of this study was to develop microsatellite markers from expressed sequence regions of the Poaceae family, test the potential transfer in P. annua and use these markers for phylogeographic analysis of P. annua in order to clarify the origin and colonization of this species in Antarctica. The prospect of microsatellite markers was developed with bioinformatics tools, through an analysis in silico SSR in EST database to Poaceae family, available in Genbank (NCBI). Were used the CAP3 and SSRLocator programs for prospecting of microsatellite markers. A Search terms Gene Ontology (GO) were performed in ESTs sequences database to evaluate associations between SSR locus and biological processes, cellular components and molecular function of known genes, using the Blast2GO and Revigo programs. The transfer test of primers and molecular analysis of P. annua was conducted by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Were prospected a list of 568 primer pairs, these were synthesized 28 microsatellite markers for the transfer in P. annua. 68% of EST-SSR markers have potential transfer for this species. The analysis suggests that the samples from Antarctica are different from samples from Chile, Brazil, Argentina and Ireland. In addition, they found 613 transcripts divided into 302 genic families. With this analysis, it was possible to develop molecular tools for genetic analysis with P. annua and other grass species, mapping the most frequent motifs and functions of genes in each SSR locus, and suggest that the introduction of P. annua found in Antarctica may have come from sources other than South American populations.
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Haider, Nadia. "Development and Use of Universal Primers in Plants." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506069.
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Arranz, Garcia Sara. "Primers episodis psicòtics, cànnabis, factors d'estrès, gènere i ètnia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670353.
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L’esquizofrènia és una malaltia complexa que s’origina per una alteració del neurodesenvolupament causada per la interacció de factors genètics i ambientals al llarg de les diferents etapes de la vida . El primer episodi psicòtic succeeix en èpoques primerenques, entre la adolescència i l’adultesa jove. La probabilitat de patir un episodi psicòtic per tant, té a veure amb la interacció de la vulnerabilitat genètica individual i els diferents factors ambientals.
L’ estrès és un dels principals factors ambientals implicats en la etiologia de la psicosi dins el model diàtesis–estrès i per tant te especial rellevància la seva relació amb mesures de l’eix hipotàlem-hipòfisi-adrenal (HHA).
En el nostre estudi hem volgut també centrar-nos en un dels principals riscos ambientals evitables , que és el consum del cànnabis i veure la seva interacció amb factors estressants com son el trauma a la infància i els esdeveniments vitals estressants en pacients amb psicosi d’inici control comparats amb grup control. Posteriorment em valorat l’efecte d’aquests factors ambientals sobre mesures biològiques de l’eix HHA.
Per continuar hem explorat l’efecte del cànnabis i del gènere en les variables clíniques de pacients ingressats per un Primer Episodi Psicòtic ( PEP), així com les diferencies en raons de consum de cànnabis entre homes i dones. Finalment hem explorat si existien diferències en prevalença de consum de cànnabis, esdeveniments estressants i també en les variables clíniques principals entre PEPs immigrants d’origen marroquí i PEPs població autòctona.
En conjunt aquests tesi posa en evidencia que existeix un efecte acumulatiu i un efecte dosi-resposta dels factors de risc ambientals estudiats en el risc de psicosi , essent el trauma a la infància el factor de risc més important. Alhora , el consum de cànnabis es va associar amb una alteració en les mesures de l’eix HHA però sense diferencies entre pacients i controls. Vàrem trobar diferencies de gènere en les raons de consum de cànnabis i una interacció de gènere i cànnabis en el funcionament.
Finalment , no vàrem trobar diferencies en la prevalença de esdeveniments estressants entre PEPs d’origen marroquí i PEPs de població autòctona i una menor tendència a consumir cànnabis en aquesta població i un pitjor funcionament.La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad compleja que se origina por una alteración del neurodesarrollo causada por la interacción de factores genéticos y ambientales a lo largo de las diferentes etapas de la vida. El primer episodio psicótico sucede en épocas tempranas, entre la adolescencia o los adultos jóvenes. La probabilidad de sufrir un primer episodio psicótico tiene que ver con la interacción de la vulnerabilidad genética individual y los factores ambientales. El estrés es uno de los principales factores implicados en la etiología de las psicosis dentro del modelo diátesis-estrés y por tanto tiene especial relevancia la relación de las medidas del eje hipotálamo-hipofisario-adrenal. En nuestro estudio hemos querido centrarnos también en unos de los principales riesgos ambientales evitables, que es el consumo de cannabis. Y ver su interacción con los factores estresantes como son el trauma infantil y los acontecimientos vitales estresantes en pacientes con psicosis de inicio reciente comparados con controles. Posteriormente hemos valorado el efecto de estos factores ambientales sobre las medidas del eje hipotálamo-hipofisario-adrenal. Para continuar hemos explorado las características clínicas de los pacientes de origen marroquí versus la población autóctona, siempre en una muestra de primeros episodios y observando el uso de cannabis. Y para finalizar, las diferencias de género, el consumo de cannabis y las razones para continuar el consumo. En conjunto, nuestro estudio muestra que el principal factor de riesgo para desarrollar una psicosis es el maltrato infantil (de los factores que hemos estudiado), potenciándose junto al consumo de cánnabis que incrementa el riesgo. En cambio, no hemos encontrado relación con el cortisol en los primeros episodios que consumían cannabis. Y en nuestros pacientes marroquíes que tienden más a ser hombres, a llevar más tratamiento inyectable y a consumir menos cannabis que la población autóctona. En cuanto al género, No hemos encontrado diferencias clínicas en el consumo de cánnabis, salvo mayor consumo para relajarse y mayor GAF al alta en mujeres.
The aetiology of schizophrenia is multi-factorial, consisting of interactions between genetic vulnerability and environmental risk factors. Schizophrenia is considerer as an illness of the neurodevelopment. The probability of suffering a first psychosis episode is an interaction between the genetic vulnerability and the environmental factors. According to the model of diathesis-stress, stress is one of the most important risk factors i the aetiology of schizophrenia, given relevance to obtain the measures of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. In our study we want to study one of the most avoidable environmental risk, cannabis use. Cannabis is the third most common drug of dependence in the world, after tobacco and alcohol. There is now strong evidence that cannabis use is a risk factor for the development of psychosis. And determine whether the risk of psychosis depends on the severity of exposure to childhood trauma, recent life events and cannabis use and to determine whether there is an interaction and/or a cumulative effect among these environmental factors. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for a cumulative and a dose–response effect of environmental factors in the development of early psychosis. We did not find a relationship between HPA axis and first episodes. We find that our Moroccan patients tend to be male and tend to have LAI prescription more than native population. Considering gender, female show more "relax” as reason of use and a higher GAF at discharge.
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Thompson, Denis. "Finding homologous genes with primers designed using evolutionary models." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10232003-122816/.
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Genes homologous to a set of known, aligned, genes can be found by screening DNA libraries with PCR. PCR primers for such screens are commonly designed via a method described by Sells and Chernoff (1995). This standard design method does not make use of information about the evolutionary relationship between the known genes. The present study investigated the efficacy of using information about evolutionary relationships (inferred from the sequence data) in the design of PCR primers. This study compares the standard primer design method (represented herein by a modified multinomial distribution) with evolutionary model based primer design methods. The primer design method that, given an alignment of known sequences with one sequence left out, assigned a higher probability, on average, to the left-out sequence, was defined as the better method. By this measure of relative performance, an evolutionary model based primer design method sensitive to states correlated across sites of a sequence, outperformed the standard method, on the alignments studied.
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Rodriguez, Noris Marcela. "PCR diagnosis of Leishmania using nuclear and kinetoplast primers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627544.
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Cave, Nigel Graeme. "The adsorption and adhesion of long-chained organosilicon primers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47795.
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Battocchi, Dante. "The Development, Characterization and Testing of Mg-rich Primers." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26453.
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Aluminum alloys are widely used in aircraft industry for their strength and light weight. Those alloys that are hardened by precipitation, especially the Copper-rich of the 2000 series, are prone to corrosion and are protected against it using chromate containing coatings. The primary component of these coating systems is Chromium 6+ (CrVI) that has been found to be very toxic in the environment and carcinogenic, toxic and mutagenic in humans.
The Mg-rich primer development is the result of a successful multi-year project funded by the US Air-force with its objective the replacement of coatings based on CrVI with a class of coatings less toxic and with comparable protective performances. The Mg rich primer fulfilled the USAF requirements and it is currently undergoing commercial and military qualifications testing.
The use of Mg as one of the active pigments in coatings allows the primer to protect the underlying Al sacrificially, not considered possible for this substrate until now. Mg is anodic to most of the other structural metals and when particulate Mg became available commercially, the concept of the primer was first developed by analogy to Zn-rich coatings for steel. When Mg and Al are in contact and immersed in a corrosive environment, magnesium corrodes preferentially and protects the aluminum.
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Lisboa, Marcio Vieira. "Estudo da união adesiva entre cimentos resinosos e ligas a base de níquel-cromo, em funçao da aplicação de primers adesivos metálicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23137/tde-27092005-163931/.
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A força de adesão entre resinas e ligas de metais básicos resulta do embricamento mecânico entre a superfície do metal e a resina e da interação química entre óxidos presentes na superfície dos metais e monômeros adesivos das resinas compostas. A literatura, entretanto, mostra que ainda persistem algumas dúvidas sobre a interação entre os diversos tipos de sistemas adesivos e metais básicos, por isso, essa pesquisa visa: verificar se a presença do Be na composição de ligas a base de Ni-Cr influencia a união metal básico/resina; comparar dois cimentos resinosos adesivos nessa função e verificar a influência da utilização de condicionadores (primers) adesivos metálicos para ligas nobres sobre essa união. Após 2500 termociclos, foram realizados testes de resistência à tração em 160 corpos-de-prova, que consistiam de dois discos de Ni-Cr-Be (Verabond Aalba Dental Inc., Cordelia, CA-USA) com 6 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura cimentados entre si, e dois discos de Ni-Cr (Durabond - Odonto Comercial Importadora Ltda, São Paulo, SP), com as mesmas dimensões, cimentados entre si. Foram utilizadas diferentes marcas comerciais de sistemas adesivos: os cimentos resinosos adesivos, Panavia F (Kuraray Co. Ltd.), Bistite II DC (Tokuyama Corp.) e os agente de união (primers adesivos metálicos), Alloy Primer (Kuraray Co. Ltd. ), Metaltite (Tokuyama Corp.) e Cesead Opaque Primer (Kuraray Co. Ltd.). Discos cimentados sem primers serviram como grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as duas ligas (Ni-Cr-Be 24,82 ± 7,6 MPa e Ni-Cr - 22,32 ± 7,9 MPa). Já para os cimentos houve superioridade adesiva do cimento Panavia F, que obteve média de resitência adesiva de 27,49 ± 4,8 MPa, sobre o cimento Bistite II, que obteve média de resistência adesiva de 19,63 ± 8,4 MPa. Os primers utilizados não apresentaram influência positiva sobre o Panavia F já que os grupos sem primer para esse cimento obtiveram média de 28,18 ± 5,6 MPa que é equivalente a média dos outros grupos com Panavia. Entretanto, para o cimento Bistite II DC os primers Alloy Primer e Metaltite obtiveram as menores médias, 12,7 ± 7,6 MPa e 15,71 ± 4,8 MPa respectivamente, enquanto sem primer, ou com o Cesead Opaque Primer, as médias foram significantemente superiores, 24.47 ± 6 MPa e 25.70 ± 6,8 Mpa respectivamente. Diante dos resultados conclui-se que os primers adesivos metálicos não potencializaram a adesão de cimentos resinosos adesivos sobre ligas de Ni-Cr.The bond strength for resin and basic metals comes from the interaction between oxides in the metal surface and adhesive monomers in the composite resins composition. The literature shows that still are some questions about this interaction so this research intends to: verify if the presence of Be at Ni-Cr alloy plays some influence for this union, compare two resin luting cements at this function and study the influence the use of metal primers for noble metals in this mecanism of adhesion. After 2500 thermocycles, tensile bond strength tests were loaded at 160 specimens, which consisted of two metals discs with 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick from a Ni-Cr-Be alloy (Verabond Aalba Dental Inc., Cordelia, CA-USA) bonded togheter and two metal discs from a Ni-Cr alloy (Durabond - Odonto Comercial Importadora Ltda, São Paulo, SP) bonded togheter. Diferent brand adhesive systems were used: the resin cements, Panavia F (Kuraray Co. Ltd.) and Bistite II DC (Tokuyama Corp.) and the metal primers, Alloy Primer (Kuraray Co. Ltd.), Metaltite (Tokuyama Corp.) and Cesead Opaque Primer (Kuraray Co. Ltd.). Nonprimed specimens served as control group. The results indicated that there is statiscal diferences beetwen the two alloys (Ni-Cr-Be 24,82 ± 7,6 MPa e Ni-Cr - 22,32 ± 7,9 MPa). Panavia F had founded greater bond strength (27,49 ± 4,8 MPa) than Bistite DC (19,63 ± 8,4 MPa). The metal primers did not show any positive influence for the Panavia bond strength when we considere that the no primer group had 28,18 ± 5,6 MPa bond strength media which were equivalente to the others Panavia´s groups. However for the Bistite cement, the bond strength for Alloy primer and Metaltite were the lower medias, 12,7 ± 7,6 MPa and 15,71 ± 4,8 MPa respectivally, while the no primer or the Cesead Opaque Primer groups showed superior medias 24,47 ± 6 MPa and 25,70 ± 6,8 MPa respectivally. The outcome of this research shows that the metal primers used did not incresead the bond strength between resin cements and Ni-Cr alloys.
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Lopes, Raquel de Oliveira. "Efici?ncia dos adesivos universais e primers na ades?o ? zirc?nia." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8121.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
(Artigo Os adesivos universais s?o t?o eficientes quanto um primer para a ades?o ? zirc?nia?) O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar a resist?ncia de uni?o ? cer?mica de zirc?nia de quatro adesivos universais e um primer para zirc?nia. Setenta e cinco amostras de zirc?nia foram confeccionadas e inclu?das em resina acr?lica. A superf?cie das amostras foi polida com lixas de carbeto de sil?cio nas granula??es 600, 800 e 1.200 e jateadas com ?xido de alum?nio 50 ?m por 5 s. As amostras foram divididas aleatoriamente em cinco grupos (n=15): G1 ? Single Bond Universal (SBU); G2 ? All Bond Universal (ABU); G3 ? Peak Universal Bond (PUB); G4 ? Ambar Universal (AU) e G5 ? Z-Prime Plus (ZP). Um cone de resina composta foi constru?do, atrav?s de uma matriz, sobre o material adesivo aplicado na superf?cie das amostras. Os corpos de prova foram armazenados em ?gua destilada a 37?C por 24 h, sendo submetidos ao teste de resist?ncia de uni?o ? tra??o em m?quina de ensaio universal EMIC com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os tipos de falhas foram classificados em adesiva, coesiva ou mista. Os valores de resist?ncia de uni?o foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA), seguido do teste de Tukey (?=0,05). M?dias de resist?ncia de uni?o (MPa) seguidas de letras distintas diferem estatisticamente entre si: G5=21,12a, G1=20,55a, G4=19,12ab, G2=14,22b, G3=8,45c. As falhas foram predominantemente mistas no G1, G4 e G5, e predominantemente adesivas no G2 e G3. Os adesivos SBU e AU obtiveram resist?ncia de uni?o compar?vel ao ZP.
(Artigo Bond to zirconia ceramic: evaluation of different primers and a universal adhesive) The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a universal adhesive and different primers on the bond strength to zirconia ceramic. Seventy-five zirconia ceramic samples were obtained and divided into five groups (n=15): G1 ? Scothbond Universal (SBU); G2 ? silane + SBU; G3 - Signum Zirconia Bond; G4 - Z-Prime Plus; G5 - MZ Primer. A cone of composite resin was built. The specimens were stored in 100% relative humidity with distilled water at 37?C for 48 h, and then submitted to a tensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The type of failure that occurred during the debonding procedure was analyzed. The mean results of the bond strength test (MPa) followed by the same letter represent no statistical difference by ANOVA and Tukey?s post-hoc test (p<0.05): G2=27.55a (?6.99), G4=23.71a (?5.65), G1=22.64a (?5.67), G5=13.64b (?5.49), G3=7.54c (?4.75). G2 and G4 exhibited predominantly cohesive failure in the resin composite cone. G1 and G5 had predominantly mixed failures, and G3 exhibited only adhesive failures. The SBU and Z-Prime Plus provided higher bond strength to zirconia ceramic.
(Artigo Os adesivos universais s?o t?o eficientes quanto um primer para a ades?o ? zirc?nia?) The aim of the study was to compare four universal adhesives and a primer on the bond strength to zirconia ceramic. Seventy-five zirconia ceramic samples were obtained and embedded in acrylic resin. The surface of the samples was polished with 600-, 800- and 1200-grit silicon carbide abrasive papers, and sandblasted with 50 ?m aluminum oxide particles for 5 s. The samples were divided into five groups (n=15): Single Bond Universal (SBU); G2 ? All Bond Universal (ABU); G3 ? Peak Universal Bond (PUB); G4 ? Ambar Universal (AU) e G5 ? Z-Prime Plus (ZP). A cone of composite resin was built on the adhesives and primer applied. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37oC for 24 h, and then submitted to a tensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The type of failure that occurred during the debonding procedure was classified as adhesive, cohesive or mixed. The values of bond strength were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey?s test (?=0.05). Means of bond strength (MPa) followed by the distinct letters represent statistical difference: G5=21,12a, G1=20,55a, G4=19,12ab, G2=14,22b, G3=8,45c. The failures were predominantly mixed in G1, G4 and G5, and predominantly adhesive in G2 and G3. SBU and AU adhesives obtained bond strength comparable to ZP.
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Grégoire, Lucie. "Development of consensus primers for amplification of human papillomavirus DNA." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6582.
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The detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences associated with anogenital tract infections is problematic due to the abundant diversity of HPV types found in the genital mucosa, the apparent geographic variation of HPV types, the prevalence of certain types in ethnic groups and the presence of yet unknown HPV types in anogenital samples. The objective of this work was to develop a technique that would allow for the detection of all HPVs in a variety of clinical samples: diseased tissues, latent infections, and samples with limited amount of material. Because of its promising potential, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was selected as the method of choice. To fulfill the objective of amplifying all HPV sequences, primers were designed from regions of homology identified in the E1 ORF from a selected group of HPV types. The primers were assayed with a variety of HPV types and their utility evaluated in clinical samples. After amplification, Southern blot hybridization was performed for accuracy of typing as well as to increase the sensitivity of the assay. PCR using E1 ORF consensus primers proved to be a successful tool in the detection of HPV DNA sequences in clinical samples. The primers are capable of amplifying known and unknown HPV types in diseased tissues and tissues latently infected with HPV. Their application allowed for the identification of potential new HPV sequences.
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Wallace, Sarah Kate. "Molecular Gut Analysis of Carabids (Coleoptera: carabidae) using Aphid Primers." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/wallace/WallaceS1204.pdf.
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Carabid beetles are found in a variety of Montana crops, although their impact on the food web is poorly known. To detect aphidophagy using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), carabids were fed a single aphid and allowed to digest for increasing time intervals. Aphidspecific PCR primers were used to amplify aphid DNA from carabid beetles. For the laboratory-fed beetles, PCR detection of aphidophagy decreased with longer digestion periods. Further, there were differences among genera in the proportion of fed beetles positive for aphid DNA at the tested digestion intervals. Field surveys of 273 individual carabid beetle gut contents, representing seven genera, found all genera surveyed in Montana cropping systems, except Microlestes and Pasymachus, positive for aphid DNA. Genera positive for aphid DNA were Calosoma, Harpalus, Pterostichus, Amara, Agonum, and Bembidion. The detectability of prey DNA in the context of predator size is discussed.
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Menon, Beena. "Role of metal alkoxides as primers in polymer/metal adhesion." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040723/.
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Eade, Frederick Robert. "The graphic language of vernacular literacy primers in West Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359789.
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Walsh, Angela Barbara. "The performance of zinc silicate primers in 0.5M sodium chloride." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324927.
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Sousa, Ana Beatriz Silva. "Efeito do uso de primers bioativos na interface dentina-adesivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-10082015-102247/.
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A longevidade das restaurações com compósitos está diretamente relacionada ao sucesso do tratamento estético. A vida útil das restaurações pode ser influenciada por vários fatores como o material empregado, tempo de uso clínico e a degradação da matriz dentinária por metaloproteinases da matriz (MMPs), que podem afetar a integridade da interface adesiva, fazendo com que a união dentina-adesivo seja comprometida. Assim, buscando melhores resultados na durabilidade das restaurações adesivas, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de substâncias inibidoras de MMPs (soluções de clorexidina - CHX a 0,2% e doxiciclina a 3%) e agente de ligação cruzada (extrato de semente de uva - grape seed extract - GSE a 15%) na Resistência de União (RU) de restaurações de resina composta submetidas à ciclagem mecânica. Cavidades de Classe I foram preparadas na área central da superfície exposta de 48 molares humanos hígidos, posteriormente separados em 4 grupos (n=12) de acordo com o tratamento de superfície recebido após o condicionamento de ácido: Grupo I - Controle (Sistema Adesivo - Adper Single Bond Plus - 3M ESPE); Grupo II - CHX 0,2% + Sistema Adesivo; Grupo III - GSE 15% + Sistema Adesivo e Grupo IV - Doxiciclina 3% + Sistema Adesivo. Após os procedimentos restauradores (Filtek Supreme Ultra - 3M ESPE), as amostras foram armazenadas em água destilada durante 24 horas a 37°C e subdividas em dois subgrupos: A - Controle (armazenado em saliva artificial) e B - Submetido à ciclagem mecânica (Coil Cycler, Proto-tech, forca de 50 N, frequência de 1,5 Hz em 1 x 106 ciclos de aplicação). Após ciclagem mecânica, os corpos de prova foram cortados em palitos (0,8 x 0,8 mm; n = 5 por dente) e submetidos ao teste de microtração (Bisco) a velocidade de 1 mm/min. A atividade colagenolítica da MMP-2 sob a ação dos primers bioativos foi analisada utilizando o kit EnzChek Gelatinase/Colagenase Assay (D-12054, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, EUA). A atividade gelatinolítica das MMPs-2 e -9 após incubação com os primers bioativos foi avaliada através de zimografia convencional. Os resultados obtidos das duas análises foram apresentados na forma de porcentagem de inibição. Zimografia in situ foi realizada utilizando gelatina de fluorescência conjugada (Kit EnzChek Gelatinase/Collagenase Assay) como substrato de MMPs e avaliada com aumento de 40x através de microscopia de fluorescência. Posteriormente, os fótons fluorescentes foram analisados em software (ImageJ). Obtidos os resultados, os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (2way ANOVA, Tukey, p>0,05) e demonstraram que os primers bioativos não exerceram influência significante sobre a RU dentina-adesivo, independente da ação da ciclagem mecânica. A atividade colagenolítica, segundo zimografia convencional, demonstrou que os primers bioativos foram capazes de inibir as MMPs, sendo a CHX menos eficiente. Na análise de zimografia in situ, os primers bioativos diminuíram a atividade das MMPs localizadas na interface adesiva, com aumento da atividade gelatinolítica do grupo Controle sendo maior quando submetidos à ciclagem mecânica, efeito não encontrados no grupos tratados com primers bioativos. Concluiu-se que, apesar de não apresentarem efeitos sobre a RU da interface adesiva, os primers bioativos apresentam ação sobre a degradação da camada híbrida.The durability of composite resin restorations is one of the main points related to the success in aesthetic treatments. The longevity of adhesive restorations can be affected by various factors such as the materials, the clinical time of use and the dentin matrix degradation mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs can affect the adhesive interface, compromising the bonding between dentin and adhesive. Thus, searching for better results on longevity of adhesive restorations, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MMPs inhibitors (chlorhexidine - CHX 0.2% and doxycycline 3% ) and crosslinking agent (grape seed extract - GSE 15%) on resin composite bond strength (BS) of restorations submitted to load cycling. Class I cavities were performed in the central area of the exposed surface of 48 sound human molars. Then, it was divided into 4 groups (n=12) according to the surface treatment received after the acid etching: Group I - Control (Adhesive System - Adper Single Bond Plus - 3M ESPE); Group II - CHX 0.2% + Adhesive System; Group III - Doxycycline 3% + Adhesive System e Group IV - GSE 15% + Adhesive System. After restorative procedures (Filtek Supreme Ultra - 3M ESPE), the samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C and then subdivided into two subgroups (n=6): A - Control (stored in artificial saliva) and B - Submitted to load cycling (Coil Cycler, Proto-tech, 50 N, 1.5 Hz, 1 x 106 cycles). After load cycling, the specimens were cut into sticks (0.8 x 0.8 mm; n = 5 per teeth) and submitted to the microtensile test (Bisco) at 1 mm/min. The collagenolytic activity of MMP-2 under action of bioactive primers was analyzed using EnzChek Gelatinase/Colagenase Assay Kit (D-12054, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, EUA). The gelatinolytic activity of MMPs-2 and -9 after incubation with the bioactive primers was evaluated by gelatin zymography. The results of these two analyzes were presented by percentage of inhibition. In situ zymography was performed using fluorescence conjugated gelatin (EnzChek Gelatinase/Collagenase Assay Kit) as MMP substrate and evaluated using 40x magnification under fluorescence microscopy. Then the fluorescent photons were analyzed with an appropriate software (ImageJ). The results were subjected to statistical analysis (2-way ANOVA, Tukey, p<0.05) and the bioactive primers showed no significant influence on the dentin-adhesive BS, regardless the load cycling action. According to gelatin zymography, the collagenolytic activity demonstrated that the bioactive primers were able to inhibit MMPs activity and CHX was less efficient. In situ zymography analysis, showed that the bioactive primers decreased the activity of MMPs located in adhesive interface. The data also demonstrated increased gelatinolytic activity on Control group, being higher when submitted to load cycling, and which effect was not found in the groups treated with bioactive primers. It could be concluded that although the bioactive primers did not influenced the BS of adhesive interface, they demonstrated positive results on hybrid layer degradation.
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Adhami, Siavash. "The development of water-based primers for coil coating applications." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813181/.
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In the search for improvements in the environmental credentials of the organic coatings industry, several different aspects are currently being addressed, including the reduction of volatile organic compounds, development of UV curable coatings and the reduction of potentially hazardous components in the coatings formulations. The aim of this work was to develop the water based primers for coil coating applications as a substitution for chromate conversion coatings. The performance and durability of three novel water based systems applied on alkali cleaned HDGS has been investigated; XPS and ToF-SIMS have been employed to analyse the failure interfaces generated by various test methods designed to assess the performance and durability of each of the systems. In depth analysis has been carried out using ULAM for sample preparation, and XPS and ToF-SIMS were employed to analyse the buried metal/ primer interface, in order to investigate the interface chemistry. A method of post processing data, obtained by surface analysis techniques, was invented to gain a clear understanding of the possible chemical interactions occurred at the metal/primer interface. Adsorption studies were also carried out to encode the interfacial chemistry. The method was used to understand the role of adhesion promoter in the primer formulation, particularly the manner in which it interacts with the substrate and the topcoat and the way it improves the performance and durability; also to determine the role of anti-corrosive additives, especially the manner in which it prevents the corrosion and therefore its contribution toward the performance and durability. The distribution of these components across the primer layer was also investigated considering the possible opportunities of such components enhancing the primer interaction at either interfaces. The finding has been used for re-adjustment of some of process parameters in coil coating systems and specifically water based primers.
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Lima, Giana da Silveira. "A influência da água na composição de primers autocondicionantes experimentais." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2007. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2227.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-21To investigate the influence of different water concentrations in self-etching primers solvents on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of an experimental adhesive system. Five experimental self-etching primers with 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 water concentration (wt %) in solvent, were synthesized. Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) was used as commercial adhesive. Sixty bovine incisive were randomize separated in six groups (n=20). Vestibular enamel was removed to expose the superficial coronal dentin, this surface was polished wet to create a standardized smear layer. After rinsing, water was removed, leaving the surface visibly dried. The dentin surfaces were etched with primer and air-dried, after coating adhesive resin was applied and photo-activated, following the composite resin restoration was accomplished. After storage for 24 hours, the specimens were sectioned with a refrigerated diamond saw at low-speed. Microtensile bond strength were measured and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey s test (α=0.05). Analysis of variance showed that primer composition was a significant factor for bond strength. There was not difference on bond strength of the primers with water concentration: 40% (53.9 ± 12.7 MPa), 20% (51.1 ± 11.5 MPa) and 10% (47.5 ± 11.4 MPa) and CSEB (52.44 ± 13.27 MPa). The group with 5% (38.6 ± 12.9 MPa) and 0% (31.5 ± 7.5 MPa), present similar bond strength amongst themselves but statistically smaller that the other groups. The water concentration, present in the primer solvent, exercise significant influence on the bond strength of this experimental self-etching adhesive system
Este estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes concentrações de água no solvente de um primer autocondicionante de um sistema adesivo dentinário experimental. Foram formulados cinco primers experimentais com diferentes concentrações, 0; 5; 10; 20; 40%, de água em massa e Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) foi utilizado como referência comercial. Foram utilizados 60 incisivos bovinos, distribuídos aleatoriamente entre 6 grupos (n= 20). Na face vestibular dos dentes foi realizado desgaste com lixas até a exposição de dentina com lixa d água 600. O primer foi aplicado sobre a dentina previamente seca com papel absorvente, sendo aplicado jato de ar e em seguida o adesivo foi aplicado e foto-ativado com aparelho fotopolimerizador LED SDI Radii®. A restauração foi confeccionada utilizando 2 incrementos, fotoativados de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante. Após armazenagem por 24 horas em água destilada à 37°C, os dentes foram seccionados em cortadeira de precisão e a resistência de união mensurada, através de ensaio de microtração em uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos. Análise de Variância segundo um critério e teste complementar de Tukey foram utilizados na análise estatística (α=5%). Não houve diferença na resistência de união de P40 (53,9 ±12,7 MPa) P20 (51,1 ±11,5 MPa) e P10 (47,5 ±11,4 MPa) e CB (52,44 ±13,27 MPa). Os grupos P5 (38,6 ±12,9 MPa) e P0 (31.5 ±7.5 MPa) não apresentaram diferença estatística entre si, mas seus valores de adesão dentinária foram menores que os demais grupos (p<0,05). A resistência de união dentinária do sistema adesivo experimental testado sofre influência da concentração de água presente no solvente do primer autocondicionante
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Spies, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Mehrfache Chemische Primerverlängerung am 5'-Terminus eines Aminoterminalen Primers / Sebastian Spies." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070123935/34.
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Javorsky, Joseph Frank. "Observing the Main Effects of Automotive Primers when Bonding to Polyvinylchloride." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1353011316.
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Chan, Brian Jeremy. "PCR Primers for The Detection of Propane and Butane-Oxidizing Microorganisms." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/456.
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In an increasingly energy-hungry world, our capacity to meet the heightened energy demands of the future has become a pressing matter. The most urgent of these concerns are tied to the accessibility of petroleum. Various experts have proselytized both the imminent arrival of peak oil production rates and the ensuing decline of those rates thereafter. And to that end, the development of novel and advanced oil exploration methodologies has become almost as important as finding the sources of oil themselves.
The soils above petroleum reservoirs play host to various communities of alkane- oxidizing bacteria that can utilize the natural gas emitted by the reservoirs as a source of carbon and energy. While methane can originate from non-petroleum sources, the only natural sources of propane and butane are oil and gas fields. The increased presence of propane and butane-oxidizing bacteria in a given soil sample is used by oil prospectors as an accurate indicator of a proximal petroleum reservoirs.
For over a century, cell counts and hydrocarbon metabolic rates have been the metrics used to determine the presence of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microbes. These methods require weeks to complete. Here, we have developed a set of DNA primers for a much more rapid detection of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microbes through PCR amplification - for the chief purpose of petroleum exploration. Each primer’s design is based on a nucleotide sequence alignment of seven prmA and bmoX genes from seven organisms, which encode the large hydroxylase subunit of propane monooxygenase and the alpha hydroxylase subunit of butane monooxygenase respectively. These monooxygenases are the enzymes responsible for the initiation of propane and butane catabolism. Optimization of PCR with this primer set was accomplished using DNA extracted from known butane and propane oxidizers as positive controls, and methane and toluene oxidizers as negative controls. PCR products recovered from cultures of butane-oxidizing and propane-oxidizing bacteria, and soil samples, were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from the sequencing data to confirm the accuracy of amplification. We demonstrate the use of PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis to detect hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in culture and in complex microbial soil communities. Detection limits were elucidated through two different experiments. Potential avenues of advancements include narrowing specificity by selectively removing primer degeneracies, the use of additional positive and negative controls and the adaptation of the primers to a qPCR TaqMan assay.
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Rumzan, Ismael Hassen Aniff. "Impact behaviour of automotive multi-layer paint systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325316.
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Li, Wei. "Protein-protein interaction specificity of immunity proteins for DNase colicins." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302033.
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Arroyo, Cardona Gemma. "Valoració de la qualitat en els primers estadis de desenvolupament embrionari humà." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322799.
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La selecció embrionària i la capacitat de predir el potencial d’implantació dels embrions humans és un factor determinant per l’èxit de les tècniques de fecundació in vitro (FIV), que permet reduir el número d’embrions a transferir minimitzant el risc d’embaràs múltiple. La pràctica més habitual per valorar la qualitat embrionària i dur a terme la selecció es basa en criteris morfològics i observacions en dia 1 (fecundació i divisió primerenca), dia 2 i 3 (divisió i fragmentació dels blastòmers) i en dia 5, o combinacions d’aquestes. Allargar el cultiu fins a blastocist, així com la determinació de la seva dotació cromosòmica, sembla una bona opció per seleccionar els embrions de millor qualitat, però malauradament no totes les pacients són bones candidates d’aquesta estratègia.
El patró pronuclear s’ha associat amb el desenvolupament embrionari. En alguns països només poden criopreservar embrions fins a aquest estadi i per això n’és important la classificació.
El nostre objectiu ha estat correlacionar la morfologia embrionària del zigot a l’estadi de 2 PN amb la utilització de les classificacions de pronuclis de Tesarik i Greco, 1999 (p0-5) i Scott et al., 2000 (z1-4), i la primera divisió embrionària a les 26h (EC), amb la morfologia de l’embrió en estadis posteriors de desenvolupament i la seva dotació cromosòmica.
Primerament hem correlacionat els patrons de pronuclis (PN) amb la morfologia del zigot i de l’embrió. A l’utilitzar les classificacions de PN, hem observat una associació entre la sincronia en la polarització dels precursors nucleolars (NPB) i la bona qualitat embrionària. El patró p4 associat a un baix número de NPB s’ha correlacionat amb embrions multinucleats i embrions de baixa qualitat. No hi ha diferències en la taxa d’embaràs quan s’ha transferit al menys un embrió provinent d’un bon patró de PN o no.
Per tal d’analitzar la relació entre la morfologia del zigot en 2PN segons les dues classificacions de PN i la dotació cromosòmica de l’embrió, s’han analitzat els embrions de 73 cicles de diagnòstic genètic preimplantacional (PGD) i cribatge d’aneuploïdies (PGS). No hi ha relació entre els patrons de PN i la dotació cromosòmica. No hem trobat correlació entre els PN i la morfologia embrionària. No hi ha relació entre euploïdia i qualitat embrionària, però sí quan distingim entre euploïdia, aneuploïdia i poliploïdia.
El segon objectiu ha estat analitzar la correlació entre la divisió primerenca dels zigots i la qualitat embrionària i la dotació cromosòmica. S’han analitzat 595 embrions de 96 cicles de PGD/PGS. Hi ha diferències estadísticament significatives en la taxa d’embaràs per transferència quan s’ha transferit al menys un embrió EC o no. També hi ha diferències entre embrions EC, No PN o 2PN encara visibles a les 26h i la qualitat embrionària en dia 2 i la taxa de blastocist en PGS; no és així en PGD. En PGS i en PGD, els embrions EC tenen menys anomalies cromosòmiques que els embrions No PN i 2PN.
Finalment, veiem que la valoració seqüencial de la morfologia oocitària, classificació de PN i morfologia embrionària permet seleccionar millor els embrions a transferir. Malgrat tot, en un programa de PGD/PGS la classificació de PN no pot predir ni la qualitat ni la dotació cromosòmica embrionària. Pel que fa la divisió primerenca, s’ha vist que està correlacionat amb la qualitat embrionària, el desenvolupament fins a blastocist i la dotació cromosòmica de l’embrió.Several strategies have been proposed for the selection of embryos for uterine transfer in human assisted reproduction. The possibility of choosing adequate embryos with high implantation potential will allow the reduction in the number of embryos transferred. This will lead to a decrease in the percentage of multiple pregnancies and its complications. The scoring criteria of embryo selection are based on serial morphological observations conducted on day 1 (during the assessment of fertilization and early cleavage), on days 2 and 3 (based on cleavage and blastomere fragmentation), on day 5, or on combinations of these criteria. Extending the culture of embryos to the blastocyst stage may also be a good option to select high quality embryos, as well as the determination of the chromosome constitution of the embryo. Unfortunately, not all cases are good candidates and benefit from extended culture. Pronuclear morphology assessment has been extensively described as a method to score zygotes. Also, some countries are only allowed to freeze zygotes and the selection of embryos at this stage is thus necessary. The objective was to evaluate the usefulness of pronuclear patterns as described by Tesarik and Greco, 1999 (patterns p 0-5) and Scott et al., 2000 (Z1-4) as well as the occurrence of early cleavage at 26h as predictors of embryo morphology, implantation potential and chromosome constitution. The first purpose was to relate pronuclear patterns (PN) and zygote cytoplasmic appearance and embryo morphology. On this sense, the usefulness of PN classifications for embryo selection was assessed. We observed that synchrony on polarization and number of nucleolar precursor bodies (NPB) were associated with good quality embryos. Pattern 4 zygotes were associated with small number of NPB developed into multinucleated embryos and poor quality embryos. No significant differences were found in the pregnancy rate between transfer of at least one good prognosis PN pattern and transfer of poor prognosis PN patterns. In order to evaluate the usefulness of pronuclear patterns as predictors of embryo chromosome constitution, up to 73 preimplantation genetic diagnosis/preimplantation genetic screening (PGD/PGS) cycles were analysed. The results show that the PN pattern using Tesarik’s and Scott’s classification systems is not related to the embryo developmental potential or its chromosome constitution. As regard to the relationship between PN pattern and embryo quality, the data obtained in the second study showed no correlation between both parameters. Although there were no significant differences when comparing the distribution of chromosomally normal and abnormal embryos with respect to embryo quality, such differences were observed when distinguishing between normal, aneuploid and polyploid embryos. The second objective was to analyse the correlation between early cleavage and embryo quality and chromosome constitution including 595 embryos from 96 PGS/PGD cycles. When clinical pregnancy rates per transfer were compared, statistically significant differences were observed between patients that had at least one early cleavage embryo and patients no EC. Statistically significant differences were found between EC, No PN and 2PN embryos at 26 h, good embryo quality at day 2 and in blastocyst rate in PGS cycles. These differences were not found in the PGD group. Early cleaved embryos exhibited less chromosome abnormalities than No PN and 2PN group in PGS and in PGD group. In conclusion, sequential assessment involving the evaluation of oocyte quality, the classification of PN patterns and embryo morphology allows a more accurate evaluation of embryos to be selected for transfer. Therefore, in the context of a PGD/PGS programme, the PN pattern cannot be used as a tool to predict embryo quality or chromosome status. Early cleavage has shown to correlate with embryo quality, with the capacity to develop up to blastocyst stage, as well as with euploid chromosome constitution.
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Li, Longfei. "Study of Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition of Chromate and Chromate-Free Primers." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1344896405.
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Chan, Kar-mun. "Self-etching primers and adhesives : aspects of microtensile bond strength, ultrastructure and nanoleakage /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36358022.
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Chan, Kar-mun, and 陳嘉敏. "Self-etching primers and adhesives: aspects of microtensile bond strength, ultrastructure and nanoleakage." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576374.
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Doan, Minh Tri Theerathavaj Srithavaj. "The effect of primers on bond strength of silicones to autopolymerizing acrylic resin) /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd395/4736082.pdf.
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Ahmad, M. Mursaleen Cheng Jianlin. "MUPrimer a tool for finding allele specific PCR-primers for homologous gene sequences /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6660.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 10, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Jianlin Cheng. Includes bibliographical references.
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Harrison, Elizabeth. "Species-specific PCR primers for the rapid and reliable identification of yeast species." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434472.
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Miranda, Helen Lúcia da Cruz. "Geração de cDNAs, primers e caracterização estrutural do tegumento de sementes de soja." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1495.
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Previous issue date: 2008-07-11Soybean is one of the main world commodities and the seed is the key for high yields in this culture. Nevertheless, the soybean seed coat is the main modulator of seed quality, so, in this structure we could find answers for high seed quality production. The study goal is to identify structural contrasting traits, to obtain cDNA and to draw primers related to lignin synthesis and wax deposition in seed coat from two soybean genotypes. Plants were grown in greenhouse, flowers were identified and dated to follow the development after flowering until legumes were harvested (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 days). Seed coats were then analyzed in electronic microscopy and used to build a soybean seed coat cDNA library for permeability traits (lignin synthesis and wax deposition). In silico, analyzes were performed to obtain specific primers to detect soybean seed coat lignin and wax biosynthesis genes. According to the seed coat traits, we identified differences in the palisade cell thickness between genotypes. The protocol based on litio chloride was efficient to extract total RNA from both genotypes in all phases. The unidirectional cDNA multiplication was efficient for the generation of enough cDNA quantity for future projects. In silico analyzes allowed the development of 16 primers related to lignin and wax deposition biosynthesis in soybean seed coat.
A soja é uma das principais commodities mundiais e a semente o principal insumo para sua produção. O tegumento das sementes é o principal modulador da qualidade, podendo ser encontrado, nessa estrutura a resposta para a produção de sementes com caracteres superiores para vigor e viabilidade. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar características estruturais contrastantes, obter cDNA e desenhar primers relacionados à síntese de lignina e deposição de cera em tegumentos de sementes de soja de genótipos contrastantes em relação à permeabilidade CD 202 (permeável) e IAC Santa Maria 702 (semipermeável). As plantas foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação e a partir da primeira floração as flores foram marcadas para que o tempo de desenvolvimento de cada legume fosse identificado. Legumes com 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 e 60 dias de desenvolvimento foram coletados e os tegumentos extraídos e armazenados para extração de RNA. Tegumentos com 25, 40, 55 e 70 dias de desenvolvimento dos genótipos de soja CD 202 e IAC Santa Maria 702 também foram submetidos a Microscopia Eletrônica. Após a extração do RNA total, foram obtidos os RNAm, seguido do cDNA. Em paralelo foi realizada análise in silico para desenho de primers específicos de genes envolvidos na rota metabólica da lignina e na deposição de cera nas sementes. Foram detectadas diferenças na espessura da camada paliçádica dos tegumentos de sementes de soja dos genótipos CD 202 e IAC Santa Maria 702. O protocolo a base de cloreto de lítio foi eficiente para extrair RNA total de ambos os genótipos em todas as fases de coleta. A estratégia de multiplicação unidirecional do cDNA foi eficiente para geração de um volume considerável para o desenvolvimento de estudos futuros de expressão diferencial de genes. A análise in silico permitiu o desenvolvimento de 16 primers relacionados aos genes da lignina e da elongase.
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Evander, Magnus. "Detection of human papillomavirus : a study of normal cells, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer of the uterine cervix." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Virologi, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101351.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections of the genital tract are now recognized to be among the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases and also a contributing factor to some cancers of the lower genital tract of women and men. Presence of HPV in a clinical specimen is confined to detection of the HPV genome by DNA hybridization techniques. In this thesis, the commonly used DNA hybridization techniques Southern blot and filter in situ hybridization (FISH), were first used for detection of genital HPV infection. In order to increase and simplify the detection of HPV in clinical specimens a more sensitive technique, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was subsequently utilized. For type-specific amplificaiton of HPV 6, 16, 18 and 33 by PCR, oligonucleotide primers located in the E6 and E7 regions of the HPV genome were selected. They were found to specifically amplify the four types. To be able to amplify a broad spectrum of genital HPV types, general primers located in the E7 and El region of the HPV genome, were designed and evaluated. They were found to amplify a wide range of genital HPV types. To further increase the sensitivity and specificity, a two-step PCR using general primers, was assembled and evaluated against a one-step PCR on cervical scrapes from young women in a population-based study. The two-step PCR increased the sensitivity about three-fold compared to the one-step PCR. By Southern blot and FISH, 46% of women with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears were shown to carry HPV DNA. Of the women analysed by Southern blot, 39 % harboured HPV DNA and 25 % proved HPV 16 positive. Of the samples analysed with FISH, 27 % contained HPV DNA, compared to 11 % of samples from a group of reference women with normal cytology. With the Southern blot technique, HPV DNA was detected in 66% of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III) lesions. Fifty-four percent of the women with CIN III lesions were positive for HPV 16 DNA. By type-specific PCR, 12 out of 13 women with cervical squamous carcinoma were shown to carry HPV 16 and/or 18. Among women with adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix, HPV 18 was the most prevalent type (26%) but HPV 16 was also found in a proportion of the women(15 %). Nine of 13 premenopausal cases with cervical adenocarcinoma were HPV positive compared to only 2 of 13 postmenopausal cases (p< 0.015). HPV 16 DNA was detected in 48%of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), by the use of type-specific PCR. Three different groups of women with normal cytology were studied. Among women attending a family planning clinic in Kenya, 19% were shown to carry HPV virus, by the use of general primers. HPV 16 was found in 5.2% of these women and HPV 18 in 3.9%. In anothergroup of women, attending the gynecological department in Umeå, HPV 16 DNA was detected in 21 % by type-specific PCR. However, if consideration was taken to the medical status of the women, only 10% of women without any medical history were HPV 16 DNA positive, versus 54% of women with diseases and women with a relative progesterone dominance. Finally, by use of a two-step PCR using general primers, 20% of young women from Umeå taking part in a population-based study were demonstrated to carry HPV DNA. The most prevalent types were HPV 6 (2.0%) and HPV 16(2.7%). Among the women in this study with normal cytology, 19%were HPV positive.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1991, härtill 9 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
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Nicholson, Thomas Peter. "Design and development of oligonucleotide probes for novel fungal polyketide synthase genes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322607.
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Oliveira, Fernanda Muller de [UNESP]. "Seleção in silico de sequências de dna espécie-específicas de Leishmania." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144054.
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000870495.pdf: 1494495 bytes, checksum: 3b9f9ca073de023b7bdc8087537f82c7 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania spp. is expanding in the world and affects millions of people annually, reaching 98 countries in tropical and subtropical regions, representing an important public health problem. Subspecies Leishmania and Viannia, represented by at least 22 species, are responsible for the three most common clinical manifestations of the disease in humans. Routinely, in endemic areas, serological diagnosis are employed. However, other parasitological and/or molecular techniques have high sensitivity to identify the genus Leishmania. The publication of Leishmania genomes have provided a better understanding of their composition and molecular markers to identify protozoan species and intra-specific variations, however some species are still underdiagnosed. However, the differentiation of Leishmania species in clinical samples still has limitations. Thus, in order to find the solution for this issue, we sought to design specific sequences for different species of Leishmania deposited in trypanosomatid genomic database, carrying out an in silico assay for verification of the selected sequences. The information generated in this study will constitute an interesting diagnostic platform, after proper validation with clinical samples
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Oliveira, Fernanda Muller de. "Seleção in silico de sequências de dna espécie-específicas de Leishmania /." Araçatuba, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144054.
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Resumo:eishmaniose, doença causada pelo protozoário Leishmania spp., encontra-se em franca expansão no mundo e acomete milhões de pessoas anualmente, atingindo 98 países de regiões tropicais e subtropicais, representando um importante problema de Saúde Pública. As subespécies Leishmania e Viannia apresentam, no mínimo, 22 espécies, que são responsáveis pelas três manifestações clínicas mais comuns da doença para humanos. Rotineiramente, em áreas endêmicas, o diagnóstico laboratorial sorológico é empregado, porém, outras técnicas parasitológicas e/ou moleculares tem alta sensibilidade para identificação do gênero Leishmania. A publicação de genomas de Leishmania proporcionou um maior conhecimento de regiões e marcadores para identificação de espécies do protozoário e variações intra-específicas, todavia algumas espécies ainda tem sido subdiagnosticadas. Entretanto, a diferenciação das espécies de Leishmania em amostras clínicas ainda apresenta limitações. Assim, com o intuito de auxiliar na solução desta questão, buscamos sequências específicas para diferentes espécies de Leishmania depositadas em banco de dados genômicos de tripanossomatídeos e realizamos um ensaio in silico para verificação das nossas sequências. As informações geradas neste trabalho serão úteis numa plataforma diagnóstica para que sejam validadas com amostras clínicas.Abstract:Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania spp. is expanding in the world and affects millions of people annually, reaching 98 countries in tropical and subtropical regions, representing an important public health problem. Subspecies Leishmania and Viannia, represented by at least 22 species, are responsible for the three most common clinical manifestations of the disease in humans. Routinely, in endemic areas, serological diagnosis are employed. However, other parasitological and/or molecular techniques have high sensitivity to identify the genus Leishmania. The publication of Leishmania genomes have provided a better understanding of their composition and molecular markers to identify protozoan species and intra-specific variations, however some species are still underdiagnosed. However, the differentiation of Leishmania species in clinical samples still has limitations. Thus, in order to find the solution for this issue, we sought to design specific sequences for different species of Leishmania deposited in trypanosomatid genomic database, carrying out an in silico assay for verification of the selected sequences. The information generated in this study will constitute an interesting diagnostic platform, after proper validation with clinical samples
Orientador:Caris Maroni Nunes
Banca:Flávia Lombardi Lopes
Banca:Vania Lúcia Ribeiro da Matta
Banca:Rodrigo Martins Soares
Banca: Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima
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Martinez, Marcelo Luís Lombardi. "Aplicação de marcadores microssatélites na caracterização de recursos genéticos de Tabebuia roseo-alba conservados ex situ no banco de Germoplasma da floresta da USP de Ribeirão Preto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-15012009-105304/.
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O interior do Estado de São Paulo, anteriormente ocupado por matas semidecíduas e cerrado, hoje está praticamente tomado por diferentes culturas ou pastagens, restando apenas algumas pequenas manchas de cerrado e de mata, apontando para uma drástica perda do rico patrimônio genético florestal. A região de Ribeirão Preto é uma das mais devastadas do Estado de São Paulo, principalmente nas regiões próximas aos mananciais e indústrias de cana-de-açúcar e suas matas encontram-se hoje totalmente fragmentadas e reduzidas a 2 % de sua área original. Ante a urgência de se resgatar as espécies arbóreas nativas da flora regional, foi implantado o Projeto Floresta USP, no campus da USP de Ribeirão Preto, sendo 30 ha de reflorestamento heterogêneo e 45 ha correspondem ao Banco de Germoplasma (BG-USP/RP). Tabebuia roseo-alba (ipê-branco; Bignoniaceae) é uma das 44 espécies presentes nesse Banco pelo fato de ser pouco observada em condições naturais, necessitando de estudos que visem o entendimento da sua diversidade genética nos remanescentes florestais e no próprio BG-USP/RP para a adoção correta das estratégias de manejo e conservação. Os marcadores microssatélites são indiscutivelmente os mais indicados para este tipo de estudo, em razão de seu elevado conteúdo informativo, sua robustez analítica, transferibilidade e facilidade de obtenção de dados genéticos via PCR. Este estudo teve por objetivos analisar a diversidade genética de matrizes e progênies de T. roseo-alba e verificar a maternidade dessas progênies conservadas no BG-USP/RP, utilizando 10 pares de primers SSR transferidos de Tabebuia aurea. O DNA foi extraído de folhas de todos os indivíduos, as condições de amplificação e separação por eletroforese vertical em géis de poliacrilamida padronizadas e os géis corados com nitrato de prata. A partir dos dados gerados foram estimados parâmetros genéticos de diversidade com auxílio dos programas GDA 1.0, FSTAT 2.9.3, Cervus 3.0 e Structure 2.2.3. Houve um sucesso de 90% na amplificação das regiões microssatélites para os 10 locos SSR analisados, mas foram empregados neste estudo apenas 8 locos SSR, que estão em equilíbrio de ligação e apresentaram um valor médio de PIC altamente informativo (0,745). Nas matrizes e progênies do Banco analisadas foi observada uma alta riqueza alélica (85 e 96 alelos), e uma elevada diversidade genética (0,746 e 0,775), respectivamente, sendo que a heterozigosidade média observada foi menor que a esperada, evidenciando um déficit de heterozigotos. O índice de fixação para as matrizes de T. roseo-alba foi alto (Fis =0,638) e significativamente diferente de zero (P<0,05), sugerindo a atuação de algum fator gerador de endogamia como cruzamentos entre indivíduos aparentados, auto-fecundação, efeito Wahlund e a presença de alelos nulos segregando nestes locos. Adicionalmente, as progênies também apresentaram um alto valor de Fis (0,696), indicando que o sistema de cruzamento de T. roseo-alba deve ser o principal fator pelo alto coeficiente de endogamia. A análise conjunta dos locos tanto nas matrizes como nas progênies apresentou altas probabilidades de exclusão de paternidade, confirmando que esta bateria de locos tem alto potencial para estudos de análise de paternidade/maternidade em T. roseo-alba. Análises de maternidade mostraram que apenas 62 % das progênies de T. roseo-alba do BG-USP/RP têm sua origem materna identificada, mas o fornecimento de sementes para programas de reflorestamento não ficará comprometido uma vez que foram transferidos 95,3 % dos alelos das matrizes para as progênies do BG-USP/RP, contribuindo para a conservação ex situ desta importante espécie florestal.The State of Sao Paulo, originally covered with semideciduous forests and Brazilian savannah (Cerrado), is nowadays almost completely covered with different cultures or pastures. Therefore only some small forests and Brazilian savannah fragments remain, pointing to a drastic loss of the rich forest genetic patrimony. The Region of Ribeirão Preto is one of the most devastated areas within the State of Sao Paulo. Especially areas that are located next to water sources and sugar cane plantations are affected. The original forests have nearly totally been fragmented and their actual extension has been reduced to about 2% of the original zone. The USP Forest Project has been implanted at the Sao Paulo University in Ribeirao Preto given the urgency to rescue the native forest species of the regional flora. There are 30 ha of heterogeneous reforestation and 45 ha that belong to the Germplasm Bank (BG-USP/RP). Tabebuia roseo-alba (White Tabebuia tree; Bignoniaceae) is one of the 44 species conserved at this Bank due to the fact that it is nowadays rarely encountered in the natural environment. There is na exigence of studies that aim at the agreement of its genetic diversity in the forest remnants and at the BG-USP/RP for the correct adoption of management and conservation strategies. Microsatellite markers are unquestionably indicated for this type of study because of their high information content, analytical robustness, transferability and easiness of genetic data attainment via PCR. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of mother trees and their progeny individuals of T. roseo-alba and verify the maternity of these progeny individuals conserved at the BG-USP/RP, using 10 primer pairs SSR transferred from Tabebuia aurea. DNA was extracted from fresh leaves of all samples, the amplification and electrophoresis conditions were standardized and the polyacrilamyde gels stained with silver nitrate. Genetic parameters were estimated using the programs GDA 1.0, FSTAT 2.9.3, Cervus 3.0 and Structure 2.2.3. There was a 90% success in the amplification of the microsatellite regions for 10 loci SSR, but 8 loci SSR had been used in this study. These loci are in linkage equilibrium and presented an average PIC value highly informative (0.745). A high allelic richness was observed for the mother trees (85 alleles) and the progeny individuals at the Bank (96 alleles) and also a high genetic diversity (0.746 e 0.775, respectively), being that the Ho average was smaller than the He average, evidencing a heterozigote deficit. The fixation index for the mother trees of T. roseo-alba was high (Fis =0.638) and significantly different from zero (P < 0.05)), suggesting the performance of some factor that caused endogamy such as crossings between related individuals, self-fertilization, the Wahlund effect and the null alleles presence segregating in these loci. Additionally, the progeny individuals also presented a high Fis value (0.696), indicating that the T. roseo-alba mating system might be the main factor for the high endogamy coefficient. The joint analysis of these loci in the mother trees and progeny individuals presented high paternity exclusion probabilities, confirming that this loci battery has a high potential for paternity/maternity analysis studies in T. roseo-alba. Maternity analyses showed that only 62 % of the T. roseo-alba progeny individuals at the BG-USP/RP have their maternal origin identified. The supplying with T. roseo-alba seeds for reforestation programs will not be endangered because 95.3 % of the mother tree alleles have been transferred to the progeny individuals at the BG-USP/RP, contributing to the ex situ conservation of this important forest species.
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Vieira, Helena Henriques. "Avaliação da universalidade de primers de marcadores moleculares para aplicação na classe Chlorophyceae (Chlorophyta)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2108.
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-30Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The polifasic taxonomy approach became indispensable in classification of living beings, especially microorganisms, such as Chlorophyceae. This class is compound of very distinct organisms most microscopic, unicellular, colonials, filamentous, and the classification and identification is many times hampered due the lack of structures observable that helps the discrimination. Some habits, reproduction, the occurrence of cryptic species are some factors that can lead to forms that make difficult the taxonomy of these organisms. Besides the traditional morphology, the molecular biology allows a robust concerning the classification of the studied organism. Associated to a better classification, the search for faster and more practical methods of identification, as DNA Barcode, became intensified and many molecular markers are available in literature to be tested. For some groups of animals, brown algae, red algae and diatoms the marker COXI is considered an official DNA Barcode. However other groups, as Chlorophycea, are under constant investigation, due the fact that molecular marker that can be used satisfactory as DNA Barcode have not been found yet. Plastid markers as tufA, rbcL and nuclear as ITS are some of the most proposed to be applied in green algae, often combined with each other or other markers. However, for act as a molecular marker, it is necessary to be amplified by primers broadly applied. The present study has tested primers for tufA, ITS and rbcL marker, available in literature and already in use in other groups, looking for universality in Chlorophyceae. We also tested proposed universal primers for Chlorophyta (UCP4). Moreover, preliminary analyses have been performed for application of the markers as barcode in the class. The primers used for tufA marker showed universality in Chlorophycea amplifying for all 22 strains tested and sequencing have failed only for Oedogonium strain. From the rbcL marker, the primer pair GrbcL has amplified 12 and sequenced 7 of 22 strains and rbcLFP which one the reverse primer was designed in this study amplified and sequenced 16 lineages. Primers from the ITS marker amplified only 5 lineages and UCP4 primers have not amplified any strain. Beside the universality found for tufA primers, Analysis with the obtained sequences showed that the tufA gene is a promising molecular marker to be applied in Chlorophyceae.
A abordagem polifásica de taxonomia se tornou indispensável na classificação especialmente de microorganismos, como os da classe Chlorophyceae. Esta classe é composta de organismos muito distintos, sendo a maioria microscópica, apresentando formação do talo unicelular, colonial e filamentosa e a classificação e identificação dos representantes desta classe são muitas vezes dificultadas pelo fato de não possuírem estruturas observáveis em microscópio usadas para discriminação. Alguns hábitos e tipos de reprodução, a ocorrência de espécies crípticas são alguns fatores que podem resultar em formas que também dificultam a taxonomia destes organismos. Associada a uma classificação mais robusta, a procura por métodos mais rápidos e práticos, como o DNA Barcode, se intensificou e muitos marcadores moleculares já se encontram disponíveis na literatura para serem testados. Para alguns grupos de animais, algas pardas, algas vermelhas e diatomáceas o marcador COXI é considerado oficial como DNA Barcode. Entretanto, outros grupos como Chlorophyceae este marcador não é aplicável devido a sua natureza conservada e, portanto, estão sob constante investigação, devido ao fato de que ainda não foram encontrados marcadores que possam ser aplicados satisfatoriamente como DNA Barcode. Marcadores plastidiais como tufA, rbcL e nucleares como o ITS são alguns dos mais aplicados em estudos com algas verdes, muitas vezes combinados entre si ou com outros marcadores. Entretanto para que figurem como marcadores moleculares devem ser amplificados por primers que possam ser aplicados de maneira ampla. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo testar primers para os marcadores tufA, ITS, rbcL , disponíveis na literatura e já aplicados com outros grupos, buscando a universalidade destes primers também em Chlorophyceae. Foi testado também um par de primers proposto como universal para Chlorophyta (UCP4). Os primers para o gene tufA mostraram universalidade para a classe amplificando todas as 22 cepas testadas com falha no seqüenciamento apenas para a cepa de Oedogonium sp.Os primers para o gene rbcL, GrbcL, amplificou 12 e seqüenciou satisfatoriamente 7 cepas das 22 utilizadas, e o par rbcLFP, o qual teve um de seus iniciadores desenhado neste estudo, amplificou e seqüenciou 16 cepas. Primers para o gene ITS amplificaram 5 cepas com bom seqüenciamento de apenas 3 e o par de primers UCP4 não amplificou nenhuma cepa. Além da universalidade observada do par de primers para o gene tufA, análises com as seqüências obtidas mostraram que este gene se mostrou um promissor candidato a marcado molecular para aplicação na classe Chlorophyceae.
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Good, J. C. "The study of enzymes and primers involved in the initiation of chains of glucans." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375257.
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Jackson, Constanza. "Synthesis of 2’ Modified Primers to Characterize Extension Events by Mutant Taq DNA Polymerases." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/592.
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Oligonucleotides enable many biotechnological applications; however they are easily degraded by nucleases. Many nucleotides modified at the 2’ position are degraded at decreased rates which improves oligonucleotide utility. Most applications of oligonucleotides rely on enzymatic synthesis. Unfortunately, native DNA polymerases do not recognize most useful modified nucleotide substrates. Directed evolution has been used to identify mutants of Taq DNA polymerase I (Taq) that recognize substrates with 2’ modifications. While mutant enzymes capable of modified nucleotide addition have been identified, to date, all of these enzymes are limited by their inability to synthesize full length modified DNA. Despite considerable efforts to evolve new activity there has been little work done to quantitatively characterize these evolved enzymes. This thesis work presents efforts to synthesize modified primers that will help comparatively and quantitatively characterize three enzymes previously evolved to recognize 2’ modified substrates. Using the methods developed in this thesis project, our lab will be able to characterize the relationship between the number of modified nucleotides in the primer terminus and the rate of modified and unmodified nucleotide addition. Future work will identify key enzymatic steps that limit extension in these enzymes with implications for the future design of Taq mutants capable of synthesizing long 2’ modified oligonucleotides.
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Ferreira, Henrique. "Primers desenvolvidos atraves de hibridização subtrativa e RAPD para a detecção de xylella fastidiosa." [s.n.], 1988. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317425.
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Orientador: Yoko Bomura RosatoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Mestrado
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Destefano, Ricardo Henri Rodrigues. "Detecção e identificação de Metarhizium anisopliae em larvas de Diatraea saccharalis por Primers específicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-15072003-141752/.
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A região espaçadora ITS rDNA tem sido utilizada como uma importante ferramenta molecular para a identificação de fungos. Neste estudo a região ITS1 - 5.8S - ITS2 foi analisada em diferentes espécies do fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium incluindo M. anisopliae, M. album e M. flavoviride com o objetivo de se construir primers específicos para a detecção e identificação do fungo no interior de larvas infectadas de Diatraea saccharalis. A amplificação desta região produziu um fragmento único de aproximadamente 540 pb para as linhagens E9, B/Vi e C, e de 600 pb para a linhagem 14 de M. anisopliae var. anisopliae; de 650 bp para M. album e 600 pb para M. flavoviride. Os produtos de PCR obtidos foram digeridos com diferentes enzimas de restrição Afa I, Alu I, Dde I, Hae III, Hpa II e Sau 3A I; e os perfis de PCR-RFLP mostraram nítidas diferenças entre as espécies analisadas. O sequenciamento da região ITS1 5.8S ITS2 permitiu o desenho de primers específicos para as linhagens de M.a. var. anisopliae do Brasil e da Austrália. A amplificação não ocorreu em linhagens de M. álbum, M. flavoviride e Beauveria bassiana. Os DNAs extraídos de larvas infectadas pelas linhagens E9, B/Vi e C do Brasil e linhagem 14, da Austrália, foram testados utilizando-se os primers desenvolvidos. Em todos os experimentos o fungo M.a. var. anisopliae foi detectado 48 horas após a inoculação. A técnica molecular empregada neste estudo permite a rápida e segura detecção e identificação de M.a. var. anisopliae em bioensaios de laboratório e de campo, programas de manejo de pragas e estudos de epizootiologia.The ITS rDNA have been used as an important molecular tool for fungi identification. In this study the ITS1 - 5.8S ITS2 rDNA regions were analyzed in different species of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium including M. anisopliae, M. album and M. flavoviride, in order to construct specific primers for their detection and identification within infected Diatraea saccharalis larvae. The amplification of this region yielded a unique fragment of approximately 540 bp for E9, B/Vi and C, and 600 bp for strain 14 of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae; of 650 bp for M. album and 600 bp for M. flavoviride. The PCR products were digested with the different restriction endonucleases Afa I, Alu I, Dde I, Hae III, Hpa II and Sau 3A I; and the PCR-RFLP profiles showed clear differences amongst the species. The sequencing of the ITS-5.8S rDNA regions allowed for the design of specific primers for M. anisopliae var. anisopliae. The amplification was not observed with M. album, M flavoviride and Beauveria bassiana strains. DNAs extracted from infected larvae by E9 and C strains from Brazil and the strain 14 from Australia in individual bioassays were tested using previously designed specific primers. In all experiments, the fungus was detected after 48 hours of post-inoculation. This molecular technique allows a fast and secure detection and identification of the entomopathogen in bioassays, in pest management programs and epizootiology.
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Guimarães, Guilherme Zdradk. "Influência da concentração e tipo de monômero ácido na adesão de primers à zircônia." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2273.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-12In this study the effect of concentration and type of acidic monomer on the bond strength (BS) of experimental primers to zirconia before and after aging simulation was investigated. Primers were formulated from the mixture of the monomers urethane dimethacrylate and 2-hidroxyethyl methacrylate with the phosphate monomer (PAM) 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate phosphate or the carboxylic monomer (CAM)mono-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl maleate, and ethanol. In each primer, PAM or CAM were be added at concentrations of 10, 20, 40 or 60 mass%. Degree of conversion (DC) of the primers was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (n=5). For the BS test, sintered yttria-stabilized zirconia blocks (Zircon-CAD, Angelus) were used. The primers were applied to the ceramic and cylinders of dual-cure resin cement (Eco-Link, Ivoclar Vivadent) built-up on the surfaces for the shear BS test (n=20). In the control group, adhesion of the cylinders will be carried out without using primer. In half the number of specimens in each group, the BS test was carried out after 24h on a mechanical testing machine. In order to simulate aging and evaluate the stability of the zirconia bonds, the other half the number of specimens was submitted to 3000 thermal cycles before the BS test. The failure modes were classified under a 40× magnification.DC data were submitted to one-way ANOVA for each monomer; BS data were submitted to two-way ANOVA for each storage condition. The Student-Newman-Keuls post-hoc test was used. BS comparison between 24h and after thermalcycling was carried out using t-tests. (Non-)linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between acidic monomer concentration and DC or BS (α=0.05 for all analyses). Increase in acidic monomers concentration was associated with a linear decrease in DC. The BS for PAM-based primers was higher than CAM-based materials for all groups except 10% at 24h. For PAM, the primer with 40% of acidic monomers yielded higher BS than all the other primers, either at 24h or after thermalcycling. For CAM, the BS results were at 24h were 10% > 60% > 40% > 20%, while after thermalcycling the primer with 60% of acidic monomers generally showed higher BS. All PAM groups except 10% showed lower BS after the thermal cycles, while 10% was the only concentration that showed lower BS after thermalcycling for CAM. Increased PAM concentration had a significant relationship with the zirconia bonds according to a peak model, while increase in CAM content had a polynomial inverse relationship. Regression models after thermalcycling were not significant. The only group that showed mixed failures was PAM 40%, while the other groups failed adhesively. In conclusion, both the acidic monomer type and concentration have a significant role on the adhesion to zirconia. The primer with 40% of PAM showed the best performance on bonding to zirconia
Neste estudo avaliou-se o efeito da concentração e tipo de monômero ácido na resistência de união (RU) de primers experimentais à zircônia antes e após simulação de envelhecimento. Primers foram formulados a partir da mistura dos monômeros dimetacrilato de uretano e metacrilato de 2-hidroxietila com o monômero ácido fosfórico (MAF) dimetacrilato de glicerol-fosfato ou o monômero ácido carboxílico (MAC) maleato de mono(2-metacriloiloxi)etila, além de etanol. Em cada primer, MAF ou MAC foram adicionados nas concentrações 10, 20, 40 ou 60% em massa. O grau de conversão (GC) dos primers foi avaliado por espectroscopia infravermelha (n=5). Para o teste de RU, blocos sinterizados de zircônia estabilizada por ítria (Zircon-CAD, Angelus) foram utilizados. Os primers foram aplicados na superfície da cerâmica e nesta obtidos cilindros de cimento resinoso dual (Eco-Link, Ivoclar Vivadent) para teste de RU ao cisalhamento (n=20). Em metade do número de espécimes de cada grupo, o teste de RU foi realizado após 24h, em máquina de ensaios mecânicos.Para simular envelhecimento e avaliar a estabilidade da união à zircônia, a outra metade do número de espécimes foi submetida a 3000 ciclos térmicos antes do teste de RU. Os modos de falha foram classificados sob aumento de 40×. Os dados de GC foram submetidos a Análise de Variância de 1 critério para cada monômero; os dados de RU foram submetidos a Análise de Variância de 2 critérios para cada condição de armazenamento. O teste post-hoc de Student-Newman-Keuls foi utilizado. Comparação de RU entre 24h e após termociclagem foi realizada com testes-t. Análises de regressão (não-)linear foram utilizadas para investigar a relação entre concentração de monômero ácido e GC ou RU (α=0,05 para todas as análises). Aumento na concentração de monômeros ácidos foi associado a diminuição linear no GC. A RU de primers à base de MAF foi maior que materiais à base de MAC para todos os grupos exceto 10% a 24h. Para o MAF, o primer com 40% de monômeros ácidos gerou RU maior que todos os demais, a 24h ou após termociclagem. Para o MAC, os resultados de RU a 24h foram 10% > 60% > 40% > 20%, enquanto após ciclagem o primer com 60% de monômeros ácidos em geral mostrou maior RU. Todos os grupos do MAF exceto 10% mostraram RU menor após os ciclos térmicos, enquanto 10% foi a única concentração que apresentou menor RU após a ciclagem para o MAC. Aumento na concentração de MAF teve relação significativa com a adesão á zircônia de acordo com um modelo de pico, enquanto aumento no conteúdo de MAC teve uma relação polinomial inversa.Os modelos de regressão após termociclagem não foram significativos. O único grupo que teve falhas mistas foi o MAF 40%, enquanto todos os outros falharam adesivamente. Como conclusão, tanto o tipo quanto a concentração de monômeros ácidos têm papel significativo na adesão de primers à zircônia. O primer com 40% de MAF mostrou o melhor desempenho na adesão à zircônia
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Xu, Hong. "Magnesium Alloy Particulates Used as Pigments in Metal-Rich Primer System for AA2024 T3 Corrosion Protection." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28378.
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As an alternative to the present toxic chromate-based coating system now in use, the Mg-rich primer technology has been designed to protect A1 alloys (in particular A1 2024 T3) and developed in analogy to Zn-rich primers for steel substrate. As an expansion of this concept, metal-rich primer systems based on Mg alloy particles as pigments were studied. Five different Mg alloy pigments. AM60, A719B, LNR91, AM503 and AZG, were characterized by using the same epoxy-polyamide polymer as binder, a same dispersion additive and the same solvent. Different Mg alloy-rich primers were formulated by varying the Mg alloy particles and their pigment volume concentrations (PVC). The electrochemical performance of each Mg alloy-rich primer alter the cyclic exposure in Prohesion chamber was investigated by electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicated that all the Mg alloy-rich primers could provide cathodic protection for AA 2024 T3 substrates. However, the Mg alloys as pigments in metal-rich primers seemed to exhibit the different anti-corrosion protection performances, such as the barrier properties, due to the different properties of these pigments. In these investigations, multiple samples of each system were studied and statistical methods were used in analyzing the EIS data. From these results. the recommendation for improved EIS data analysis was made. CPVC studies were carried out on the Mg alloy-rich primers by using three Mg alloy pigments, AM60, A2918 and LNR91. A modified model for predicting CPVC is proposed, and the results showed much better agreement between the CPVC values obtained from the experimental and mathematical methods. Using the data from the AM60 alloy pigment system, an estimate of experimental coarseness was done on a coating system, the first time such an estimate has been performed. By combining various surface analysis techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal Raman microscopy, the oxidation products formed alter exposure were identified. It was found that variation of A1 content in Mg alloy could significantly affect the pH of the microenvironment in the primer films and result in the formation of various oxidation products.Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (Grant No. 49620-02-1-0398)
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Xu, Hong. "Magnesium Alloy Particulates used as Pigments in Metal-Rich Primer System for AA2024 T3 Corrosion Protection." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28838.
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As an alternative to the present toxic chromate-based coating system now in use, the Mg-rich primer technology has been designed to protect Al alloys (in particular Al 2024 T3) and developed in analogy to Zn-rich primers for steel substrate. As an expansion of this concept, metal-rich primer systems based on Mg alloy particles as pigments were studied. Five different Mg alloy pigments, AM60, AZ91B, LNR91, AM503 and AZG, were characterized by using the same epoxy-polyamide polymer as binder, a same dispersion additive and the same solvent. Different Mg alloy-rich primers were formulated by varying the Mg alloy particles and their pigment volume concentrations (PVC). The electrochemical performance of each Mg alloy-rich primer after the cyclic exposure in Prohesion chamber was investigated by electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicated that all the Mg alloy-rich primers could provide cathodic protection for AA 2024 T3 substrates. However, the Mg alloys as pigments in metal-rich primers seemed to exhibit the different anti-corrosion protection performances, such as the barrier properties, due to the different properties of these pigments. In these investigations, multiple samples of each system were studied and statistical methods were used in analyzing the EIS data. From these results, the recommendation for improved EIS data analysis was made. CPVC studies were carried out on the Mg alloy-rich primers by using three Mg alloy pigments, AM60, AZ91B and LNR91. A modified model for predicting CPVC is proposed, and the results showed much better agreement between the CPVC values obtained from the experimental and mathematical methods. Using the data from the AM60 alloy pigment system, an estimate of experimental coarseness was done on a coating system, the first time such an estimate has been performed. By combining various surface analysis techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal Raman microscopy, the oxidation products formed after exposure were identified. It was found that variation of Al content in Mg alloy could significantly affect the pH of the microenvironment in the primer films and result in the formation of various oxidation products.Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. 49620-02-1-0398)
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Kesanakurti, S. S. V. Prasada Rao. "Development and application of single or low copy universal primers from the plant nuclear genome." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435691.
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Orgon, Casey Roy. "Electrochemical Investigation of Powder Coatings and Their Application to Magnesium-Rich Primers For Corrosion Protection." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27814.
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Corrosion is the decomposition of metal and metal alloys which threatens the integrity of manmade
structures. One of the more efficient methods of delaying the corrosion process in metals is by
coatings. In this work, the durability of two polyester powder coatings were investigated for corrosion
protection of AA-2024-T3. Polyester powder coatings crosslinked by either triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC)
or β-hydroxyalkyl amide (HAA) compounds were prepared and investigated for barrier protection of metal
substrates by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Polyester-TGIC coatings were found to
provide better long-term protection, which can be attributed to the increased mechanical strength and
higher concentration of crosslinking in the coating films. Additionally, the polyester powder coatings, along
with a fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) were investigated for their compatibility as a topcoat for magnesiumrich
primers (MgRP). Under proper application conditions, powder topcoats were successfully applied to
cured MgRP while corrosion protection mechanisms of each system were maintained.US Air Force under grant no. FA7000-13-2-0025
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Bonatto, Liliane da Rocha [UNESP]. "Biocompatibilidade de primers e adesivo utilizados na confecção de próteses maxilofaciais implantorretidas: análise in vitro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134194.
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A prótese bucomaxilofacial implantorretida pode ser suportada por pele ou por mucosa. Subprodutos dos materiais utilizados na confecção destas próteses podem atuar como irritantes ou causadores de reações alérgicas a tais tecidos. A proposta do presente estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade de primers e adesivo utilizados na confecção de próteses maxilofaciais retidas por implantes, por meio da análise da proliferação celular e da produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e de proteínas de matriz extracelular por queratinócitos humanos. Foram confeccionadas 28 amostras de resina e silicone, em forma de discos (10 x 1 mm), unidas ou não pela aplicação de primer e/ou adesivo. Estas amostras foram distribuídas em 7 grupos: Resina (R), Silicone (S), Resina + Silastic Medhical Adhesive Type A + Silicone (RAS), Resina + DC 1205 primer + Silicone (RDCpS), Resina + Sofreliner primer + Silicone (RSpS), Resina + DC 1205 primer + Silastic Medhical Adhesive Type A + Silicone (RDCpAS) e Resina + Sofreliner primer + Silastic Medhical Adhesive Type A + Silicone (RSpAS). Os extratos dos materiais testados foram preparados colocando-se quatro amostras de cada grupo experimental em tubos de ensaio contendo 9 mL de meio de cultura DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's) e incubados a 37°C por 24 horas. Após o período de incubação, a citotoxicidade dos extratos foi avaliada pelo ensaio de MTT em cultura de queratinócitos humanos (HaCaT). Foi avaliada, também, a produção das citocinas IL-1, IL-6 e TNF-α e a quimiocina MIP-1α por meio do ensaio ELISA (Ensaio Imunoabsorbente de Ligação Enzimática). Também foi avaliada a expressão de RNAm para MMP-9, TGF-β e COL-IV por meio da técnica de RT-PCR em tempo real (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA), seguido...
The implant-retained maxillofacial prosthesis can be supported by skin and mucosa. The sub-products produced by the materials used to fabricate these prostheses may act as an irritant factor and cause allergy in these tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of primers and adhesive used to bond the acrylic resin and the facial silicone during implant-retained maxillofacial prosthesis fabrication, through the analysis of the cell proliferation, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins by keratinocytes. A total of 28 round shape samples (10 x 1 mm) made of resin and silicone bonded or not with primer and adhesive was fabricated. Samples were divided into 7 groups: Resin (R), Silicone (S), Resin + Silastic Medical Adhesive Type A + Silicone (RAS), Resin + DC 1205 primer + Silicone (RDCpS), Resin + Sofreliner primer + Silicone (RSpS), Resin + DC 1205 primer + Silastic Medical Adhesive Type A + Silicone (RDCpAS), and Resin + Sofreliner primer + Silastic Medical Adhesive Type A + Silicone (RSpAS). Extracts of tested materials were prepared setting four samples of each experimental group in Falcon tube with 9mL of medium (Bulbecco's Modified Eagle's) and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After incubation period, the extract cytotoxicity was evaluated by an assay of cell survival/proliferation (MTT test) in cultures of human keratinocytes (HaCaT). The levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α and the chemokine MIP-1α were evaluated by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay). The mRNA expression for MMP-9, TGF-β and collagen type IV were analyzed by the RT-PCR (Real time polymerase chain reaction). Data were submitted to the analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-tests (p<0.05). The results showed increased cell proliferation for the RAS group. The RDCpS group showed the highest...