Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Primer designs'
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Mann, Tobias. "A thermodynamic approach to PCR primer design." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988796201/04.
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Merkley, John. "A sustainable design primer for students of architecture." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1327785.
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A Primer for Students of Architecture in Sustainable Design, to be used as a part of design studios at the second or third year level. The Primer is written to students as individuals it can be used independent of any particular course assignments or requirements. the Primer is organized in three parts and around the five S.H.I.R.T. Principles, that introduce the student to a method of incorporating the new environmental constraints involved in the more sustainable design approaches.Department of Architecture
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Berg, Emily Katherine. "Thermodynamics of λ-PCR Primer Design and Effective Ribosome Binding Sites." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89900.
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Recombinant DNA technology has been commonly used in a number of fields to synthesize new products or generate products with a new pathway. Conventional cloning methods are expensive and require significant time and labor; λ-PCR, a new cloning method developed in the Senger lab, has a number of advantages compared to other cloning processes due to its employment of relatively inexpensive and widely available materials and time-efficiency. While the amount of lab work required for the cloning process is minimal, the importance of accurate primer design cannot be overstated. The target of this study was to create an effective procedure for λ-PCR primer design that ensures accurate cloning reactions. Additionally, synthetic ribosome binding sites (RBS) were included in the primer designs to test heterologous protein expression of the cyan fluorescent reporter with different RBS strengths. These RBS sequences were designed with an online tool, the RBS Calculator.
A chimeric primer design procedure for λ-PCR was developed and shown to effectively create primers used for accurate cloning with λ-PCR; this method was used to design primers for CFP cloning in addition to two enzymes cloned in the Senger lab. A total of five strains of BL21(DE3) with pET28a + CFP were constructed, each with the same cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) reporter but different RBS sequences located directly upstream of the start codon of the CFP gene. Expression of the protein was measured using both whole-cell and cell-free systems to determine which system yields higher protein concentrations. A number of other factors were tested to optimize conditions for high protein expression, including: induction time, IPTG concentration, temperature, and media (for the cell-free experiments only). Additionally, expression for each synthetic RBS sequence was investigated to determine an accurate method for predicting protein translation. NUPACK and the Salis Lab RBS Calculator were both used to evaluate the effects of these different synthetic RBS sequences. The results of the plate reader experiments with the 5 CFP strains revealed a number of factors to be statistically significant when predicting protein expression, including: IPTG concentration, induction time, and in the cell-free experiments, type of media. The whole-cell system consistently produced higher amounts of protein than the cell-free system. Lastly, contrasts between the CFP strains showed each strain's performance did not match the predictions from the RBS Calculator. Consequently, a new method for improving protein expression with synthetic RBS sequences was developed using relationships between Gibbs free energy of the RBS-rRNA complex and expression levels obtained through experimentation. Additionally, secondary structure present at the RBS in the mRNA transcript was modeled with strain expression since these structures cause deviations in the relationship between Gibbs free energy of the mRNA-rRNA complex and CFP expression.Master of Science
Recombinant DNA technology has been used to genetically enhance organisms to produce greater amounts of a product already made by the organism or to make an organism synthesize a new product. Genes are commonly modified in organisms using cloning practices which typically involves inserting a target gene into a plasmid and transforming the plasmid into the organism of interest. A new cloning process developed in the Senger lab, λ-PCR, improves the cloning process compared to other methods due to its use of relatively inexpensive materials and high efficiency. A primary goal of this study was to develop a procedure for λ-PCR primer design that allows for accurate use of the cloning method. Additionally, this study investigated the use of synthetic ribosome binding sites to control and improve expression of proteins cloned into an organism. Ribosome binding sites are sequences located upstream of the gene that increase the molecule’s affinity for the rRNA sequence on the ribosome, bind to the ribosome just upstream of the beginning of the gene, and initiate expression of the gene. Tools have been developed that create synthetic ribosome binding sites designed to produce specific amounts of protein. For example, the tools can increase or decrease expression of a gene depending on the application. These tools, the Salis Lab RBS Calculator and NUPACK, were used to design and evaluate the effects of the synthetic ribosome binding sites. Additionally, a new method was created to design synthetic ribosome binding sites since the methods used during the design process yielded inaccuracies. Each strain of E. coli contained the same gene, a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), but had different RBS sequences located upstream of the gene. Expression of CFP was controlled via induction, meaning the addition of a particular molecule, IPTG in this system, triggered expression of CFP. Each of the CFP strains were tested with a variety of v conditions in order to find the conditions most suitable for protein expression; the variables tested include: induction time, IPTG (inducer) concentration, and temperature. Media was also tested for the cell-free systems, meaning the strains were grown overnight for 18 hours and lysed, a process where the cell membrane is broken in order to utilize the cell’s components for protein expression; the cell lysate was resuspended in new media for the experiments. ANOVA and multiple linear regression revealed IPTG concentration, induction time, and media to be significant factors impacting protein expression. This analysis also showed each CFP strain did not perform as the RBS Calculator predicted. Modeling each strain’s CFP expression using the RBS-rRNA binding strengths and secondary structures present in the RBS allowed for the creation of a new model for predicting and designing RBS sequences.
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Yang, Szu-Wei. "Design of a toroidal thermoacoustic prime mover." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA303437.
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Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Acoustics) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1995.Thesis advisor(s): Anthony A. Atchley, Thomas J. Hofler. "June 1995." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Baldwin, D. Bruce. "Minisatellite PCR primer design for the determination of parentage in Misumenoides formosipes." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1136715.
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To date, there is a scant amount of research on the long-term benefits of exercise training for individuals with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate standardized outcomes of a six-month maintenance pulmonary rehabilitation program to determine maintenance of functional capacity. Twenty-three subjects (sixteen men, seven women) diagnosed with clinical COPD ages 30-82 (65 + 12 years) participated in the retrospective study. The subjects were referred to an eight-week comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program after which upon twelve subjects continued onto a maintenance program. Eleven subjects chose not to participate in the maintenance program and were given a home exercise program and were encouraged to remain active. Hemodynamic, functional, and educational measures were taken prior to entry, upon completion of the hospital program, and again six-months post-program. Outcome tests were standardized using the Indiana Society of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Outcomes Manual. Significantdifferences were found between the maintenance and non-maintenance groups for systolic blood pressure in resting, exercise, and recovery measures at six months reevaluation. Differences in oxygen saturation were also found to reach significance between the two groups during recovery from the six-minute walk test. Interestingly, duration of exercise was found to be statistically significant between the two groups as well as emergency room visits and physician visits within the last six months. The maintenance group tended to have fewer emergency room and physician visits in addition to having self-reported higher durations of exercise. In conclusion, maintenance pulmonary rehabilitation programs have been shown to maintain physical activity levels for COPD patients and as a result, fewer quality of life consequences specifically the number of hospital admissions and emergency room visits.Department of Biology
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Wozniak, Amanda Victrix Allen. "A systematic and extensible approach to DNA primer design for whole gene synthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37059.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-96).
The future of synthetic biology research hinges upon the development of accurate and inexpensive whole gene synthesis technologies. Recent advances in the purification of solid-phase manufactured oligonucleotides make it possible to manufacture whole genes by polymerase chain reaction methods. Yet, despite the improvement in laboratory methods, whole gene synthesis is not rapidly progressing because most gene design software takes an excessively naive approach to the complex problem of designing component oligonucleotides for whole gene synthesis. The synthetic biology community needs a flexible, robust and optimal primer design tool. We present the software design for a tool which designs oligonucleotides that are compatible with a wide variety of oligo purification and whole gene assembly protocols. Our design strategy uses physical sequence feature identification, optimal artificial intelligence search techniques, and sequence optimisation via intelligent codon substitution to produce near-optimal oligonucleotide arrays. We address all aspects of the oligonucleotide design problem, from physical constraints to the computational overhead involved in searching for an optimal solution, and provide an extensive set of data structures and algorithms.
by Amanda Victrix Allen Wozniak.
M.Eng.
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Thompson, Denis. "Finding homologous genes with primers designed using evolutionary models." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10232003-122816/.
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Genes homologous to a set of known, aligned, genes can be found by screening DNA libraries with PCR. PCR primers for such screens are commonly designed via a method described by Sells and Chernoff (1995). This standard design method does not make use of information about the evolutionary relationship between the known genes. The present study investigated the efficacy of using information about evolutionary relationships (inferred from the sequence data) in the design of PCR primers. This study compares the standard primer design method (represented herein by a modified multinomial distribution) with evolutionary model based primer design methods. The primer design method that, given an alignment of known sequences with one sequence left out, assigned a higher probability, on average, to the left-out sequence, was defined as the better method. By this measure of relative performance, an evolutionary model based primer design method sensitive to states correlated across sites of a sequence, outperformed the standard method, on the alignments studied.
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Rocha, Kliger Kissinger Fernandes. "Um sistema computacional para diagnosticar viroses de plantas usando a t?cnica de PCR com constru??o de primers esp?cie-espec?ficos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15442.
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It proposes a established computational solution in the development of a software to construct species-specific primers, used to improve the diagnosis of virus of plant for PCR. Primers are indispensable to PCR reaction, besides providing the specificity of the diagnosis. Primer is a synthetic, short, single stranded piece of DNA, used as a starter in PCR technique. It flanks the sequence desired to amplify. Species-specific primers indicate the well known region of beginning and ending where the polymerase enzyme is going to amplify on a certain species, i.e. it is specific for only a species. Thus, the main objective of this work is to automatize the process of choice of primers, optimizing the specificity of chosen primers by the traditional method
Prop?e-se uma solu??o computacional baseada no desenvolvimento de um software para construir primers esp?cie-espec?ficos, usados para melhorar o diagn?stico de viroses de planta por PCR. Primers s?o indispens?veis ? rea??o PCR, al?m de proporcionar a especificidade do diagn?stico. Um primer ? um fragmento de DNA sint?tico, curto e de fita simples, utilizado como um iniciador na t?cnica PCR que flanqueia a seq??ncia que se deseja amplificar. Primers esp?cie-espec?ficos s?o primers que s? indicam a regi?o bem conhecida de in?cio e t?rmino onde a enzima polimerase vai amplificar, de uma determinada esp?cie, ou seja, ? espec?fica para somente uma esp?cie. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho ? automatizar o processo de escolha de primers, otimizando a especificidade dos primers escolhidos pelo m?todo tradicional
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Ma, Jing S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Recovery of primal solution in dual subgradient schemes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41729.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-99).
In this thesis, we study primal solutions for general optimization problems. In particular, we employ the subgradient method to solve the Lagrangian dual of a convex constrained problem, and use a primal-averaging scheme to obtain near-optimal and near-feasible primal solutions. We numerically evaluate the performance of the scheme in the framework of Network Utility Maximization (NUM), which has recently drawn great research interest. Specifically for the NUM problems, which can have concave or nonconcave utility functions and linear constraints, we apply the dual-based decentralized subgradient method with averaging to estimate the rate allocation for individual users in a distributed manner, due to its decomposability structure. Unlike the existing literature on primal recovery schemes, we use a constant step-size rule in view of its simplicity and practical significance. Under the Slater condition, we develop a way to effectively reduce the amount of feasibility violation at the approximate primal solutions, namely, by increasing the value initial dual iterate; moreover, we extend the established convergence results in the convex case to the more general and realistic situation where the objective function is convex. In particular, we explore the asymptotical convergence properties of the averaging sequence, the tradeoffs involved in the selection of parameter values, the estimation of duality gap for particular functions, and the bounds for the amount of constraint violation and value of primal cost per iteration. Numerical experiments performed on NUM problems with both concave and nonconcave utility functions show that, the averaging scheme is more robust in providing near-optimal and near-feasible primal solutions, and it has consistently better performance than other schemes in most of the test instances.
by Jing Ma.
S.M.
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Conover, Susan (Susan Teresa). "Prime areas for improvement in skin cancer detection and how technology can help." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105308.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 138-148).
About 5 million cases of skin cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2015, making skin cancer the most common cancer diagnosis in the United States. About 13,000 Americans will die from skin cancer in 2015. Often skin cancers are diagnosed at later stages, are expensive to treat, and result in fatalities. For melanoma, responsible for 75% of skin cancer deaths, the overall 5-year survival rate is 98% for skin lesions detected in their early stages, and this survival rate drops to 16% after the disease has spread to other organs. If these fatal skin cancers were detected earlier they would cost less to treat and result in better patient outcomes. There is no single resource available that maps the full state of the skin cancer care delivery, and most current views are colored by a stakeholder's perspective. We connected with stakeholders at different levels of the skin cancer care delivery system to create an overall picture of the system's current state and to identify gaps in care. We interviewed 9 skin cancer patients, 8 primary care physicians, and 9 dermatologists. Through this research, we discovered that the structure of how skin cancer care is delivered promotes opportunities to miss skin cancers and includes many barriers between initial cancer suspicion and disease diagnosis. Frequently patients do not evaluate themselves for skin cancer, primary care physicians have low accuracy in identifying skin cancers, and dermatologists manage a very small portion of the population who develop skin cancers. At a higher level, feedback between patients and physicians is frequently lost in the system, physicians are not accountable for patient outcomes, and patient health is not supported by the system until the patient identifies a health issue and acts to remedy the issue. To close these system gaps, we identified technologies, including micro-biopsies and electrical impedance spectrometry, which could be used to improve rates of skin cancer identification and promote better patient health outcomes. Additionally, we recommend physicians find a way to collaborate on cases, identify their own weaknesses in assessment, and capture patient outcomes to relay incorrect assessments to other physicians to improve future patient care.
by Susan Conover.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Melle, Christophe, David Chaimbault, Fabien Peleau, and Alain Karas. "A Tri-Band L, S, C Prime Focus Feed: Concept, Design and Performance." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579680.
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ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NVThe flight test mission services need higher data rates due to increased system complexity and the need for more accurate, higher rate, and better data acquisition. The existing L or S band frequency spectrum allocation was a limiting factor to meet this increased data rate requirement. The World Radio-communication Conference (WRC 2007) attributed new additional frequency spectrum allocations in the C band for Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry (AMT). The international flight test community has taken this opportunity to immediately take advantage of the new C-band range 5091-5250MHz. This paper presents the multi-band feed product designed by the RF & Antenna Laboratory of ZODIAC DATA SYSTEMS company. This feed is foreseen to be used in prime focus configuration on any diameter parabola dish providing telemetry and tracking channels in three L, S, and C bands. Here, are described the concept and the technology achieved taking into consideration the performance and industrial constraints. Moreover, this contribution focuses on the electromagnetic simulations of radiating elements, the feed network and RF system integration. This paper is structured as follows: firstly, the objectives and the motivation for developing a prime focus feed which works in L, S, C bands are presented. In particular, the market constraints and approach to find the best solution satisfying the feed RF requirements, and mechanical constraints, such as weight, size and cost, are discussed. The second section describes the 5 step development cycle: principle and technology, design of the telemetry channels and tracking function, cohabitation of the different radiating elements, and problems of the channels isolations. The third section discusses the performance achieved using electromagnetic simulations. The fourth section talks about the integration of RF system feed. The paper concludes by discussing future work using the same concept that is applied to other telecommunication or telemetry frequency bands.
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Thurn, Karsten [Verfasser]. "Design- und Systemaspekte für mehrkanalige mmW-Primär-Radarsysteme zur Zielerfassung bei Raumfahrtanwendungen / Karsten Thurn." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153253739/34.
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Matthews, John William. "The Effect of Proximity to Commercial Uses on Residential Prices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10496.
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As distance from a house to retail sites decreases the price of a house should increase, ceteris paribus, because of increased shopping convenience. On the other hand, as distance decreases price should also decrease because the house is exposed to increased spillover of disamenities noise, light, traffic, etc. from the retail use. The study uses Computer Assisted Mass Appraisal data and a parcel level Geographic Information system map from King County (Seattle) Washington. An hedonic process is used to estimate the price effects of both the expected positive and negative price effects. Travel distance is a proxy for convenience and Euclidian distance is a proxy for negative spillovers. Standard hedonic housing price variables are used for control along with distance to other classes of non-residential uses and indexes of neighborhood street layout and connectivity. In traditional gridiron neighborhood, both convenience and negative spillovers have the expected effect on housing price. The net effect is a price effect curve with a net decrease in price at very short distances between houses and retail sites. But, beyond a short distance to the extent of convenient walking distance (about mile) the net effect is positive. In a non-traditional edge city type neighborhood, there is no effect, either positive or negative. This is due to the much greater distances between residential uses and retail uses in this type neighborhood that result from zoning that segregates land uses and long travel distance resulting from curvilinear street layout.
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Solveson, Keith D. "Design and implementation of a Primal Simplex Network Optimizer in C." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA241350.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Bradley, Gordon H. Second Reader: Stemp, Roger. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on December 21, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Computer Networks, Simplex Method, Computer Program Documentation, Optimization, Programming Languages, Theses, Time, FORTRAN, Tuning, Symbols, Parameters, Networks, Algorithms, Test And Evaluation, Data Bases. DTIC Identifier(s): Software Engineering. Author(s) subject terms: Network, C, Primal, Transportation, Transshipment, Simplex. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-50). Also available in print.
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Ashworth, Margaret Jane. ""To be" in design, travel and nature: The applicability of E-Prime to descriptive writing." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/971.
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Mane, Shrinivasrao. "Use of Bioinformatics to Investigate Abiotic Stress in Arabidopsis and to Design Primers for Pathogen Detection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27014.
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The focus of the work has been on computational approaches to solving biological problems. First, microarray analysis was used to study the role of PLDα1 in drought stress in Arabidopsis. Second, a tool for designing and in-silico testing of primers for PCR-based pathogen detection will be discussed. Phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in a variety of stresses including osmotic stress and wounding. PLDα 1-derived phosphatidic acid interacts with ABI1 phosphatase 2C and promotes abscisic acid signaling. Plants with abrogated PLDα 1 show insensitivity to ABA and impaired stomatal conductance. My goal is to identify PLDα-mediated downstream events in response to progressive drought stress in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) and antisense-PLDα 1 (Anti-PLDα) were drought stressed by withholding water. Anti-PLDα experienced severe water stress at the same time period that Col-0 experienced less water stress. Diurnal leaf water potential (LWP) measurements showed that Anti-PLDα had lower LWP than Col-0 under drought stress conditions. qRT-PCR revealed up to 18-fold lower values for PLDα transcripts in stressed Anti-PLDα plants when compared to stressed Col-0. Microarray expression profiles revealed distinct gene expression patterns in Col-0 and Anti-PLDα. ROP8, PLDδ and lipid transfer proteins were among the differentially expressed genes between the two genotypes. Different microarray analyses methods (TM4 and Expresso) were also compared on two different data sets. The results obtained from Expresso analysis were more accurate when compared with quantitative RT-PCR data.
Rapid diagnosis of disease-causing agents is extremely important since delayed diagnosis can result in disease spread and delayed prophylaxis. It is even more important in an era where disease-causing agents are used as bioterrorism agents. Rapid advances in sequencing technology have resulted in the sequencing of thousands of microorganisms in recent years. Availability of genomic sequences has made it possible to identify and characterize microorganisms at the molecular level. PCR-based detection is powerful for pathogen diagnostics since it is rapid and sensitive. We have developed a tool, PathPrime, that can design primers, computationally test them against target genes, and potential contaminant sequences, and identify a minimum set of primers that can unambiguously detect a given list of sequences.Ph. D.
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Guimaraes, Braga da Silva Pedro Ivo. "Discovery of a Novel Microalgal Strain Scenedesmus Sp. A6 and Exploration of Its Potential as a Microbial Cell Factory." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84549.
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Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms considered to be one of the most promising high-value chemicals and biofuel-producing organisms. However, there are several challenges for the widespread implementation of industrial processes using microalgae. The work presented in this dissertation proposes solutions to the different challenges involving the use of microalgae as microbial cell factories. To investigate the application of anaerobic digestion as a way to generate nutrients for microbial growth, salmon offal was used as substrate for anaerobic digestion, and soil from a flooded run-off pond on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, VA. A fast reduction in volatile solids and the short-chain fatty acid production profile is favorable for the growth of microalgae. A novel algae strain Scenedesmus sp. A6 was isolated from a decorative waterfountain in a hotel in Madison, IN. Mixotrophic growth trials were conducted using wastewater from the salmon offal digestion, that demostrated the A6 isolate grows six times faster in the wastewater then autotrophically. Bioassays of ethanolic cell extracts of A6 cultures demonstrated antimicrobial activity against E. coli cells at concentrations above 50 µg/ml. Genome sequencing and assembly revealed multiple copies of genes involved with acetate and ammonia metabolism, and several genes involved with secondary metabolite synthesis. An alternative to the high capital investment of photobioreactors for the cultivation of microalgae is the use of open-source and open-hardware bioreactor controller. Here, the concept of an open-hardwate bioreactor control called ``BioBrain'' is introduced. The BioBrain device is based on the Arduino Mega micro-controller board, and is capable of monitoring and controlling culture conditions during simple strain characterization studies, with an estimated construction cost of less than $800 USD. Finally, a new primer design tool for the ligation-independant cloning technique 𝜆-PCR was developed called lambdaPrimeR. The contributions of this work are the discovery and development of different tools that can overcome the challenges of the use of microalgae as microbial cell factories in industrial processes.Ph. D.
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Doğan, Koray H. "A primal decomposition scheme for the design of strategic production distribution systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25491.
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Fabbri, Luca. "Computing primal solutions with exact arithmetics in SCIP." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8541/.
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The research for exact solutions of mixed integer problems is an active topic
in the scientific community. State-of-the-art MIP solvers exploit a floating-
point numerical representation, therefore introducing small approximations.
Although such MIP solvers yield reliable results for the majority of problems,
there are cases in which a higher accuracy is required. Indeed, it is known
that for some applications floating-point solvers provide falsely feasible
solutions, i.e. solutions marked as feasible because of approximations that
would not pass a check with exact arithmetic and cannot be practically
implemented.
The framework of the current dissertation is SCIP, a mixed integer
programs solver mainly developed at Zuse Institute Berlin. In the same site
we considered a new approach for exactly solving MIPs. Specifically, we
developed a constraint handler to plug into SCIP, with the aim to analyze
the accuracy of provided floating-point solutions and compute exact primal solutions starting from floating-point ones.
We conducted a few computational experiments to test the exact primal
constraint handler through the adoption of two main settings. Analysis
mode allowed to collect statistics about current SCIP solutions' reliability.
Our results confirm that floating-point solutions are accurate enough with
respect to many instances. However, our analysis highlighted the presence of
numerical errors of variable entity. By using the enforce mode, our constraint
handler is able to suggest exact solutions starting from the integer part of
a floating-point solution. With the latter setting, results show a general
improvement of the quality of provided final solutions, without a significant loss of performances.
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Sunnhed, Rikard, and Marcus Lind. "Vad tillför konstruktiv oro till kognitiv beteendeterapi för primär insomni? : En konstruktiv behandlingsstudie med single subject-design." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11073.
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Kognitiv beteendeterapi för primär insomni är inte lika effektivt som KBT för annan problematik. Behandlingen har mest fokuserat på förändring av sömn och bortsett från andra faktorer som kan bidraga till problematiken. Denna studie syftade till att utvärdera effekten av att addera en intervention mot en ytterligare faktor, nämligen oro, till behandling. Studien hade en single subject-design med två betingelser, med och utan oroshantering, för- och eftermätning och sju deltagare. Resultaten tyder på att metoden konstruktiv oro tillförde bättre utfall på sömn, oro och daglig funktion. Slutsatsen är att fokus på fler faktorer än sömn, som oro och dagtidsfunktion, kan effektivisera KBT för primär insomni.Cognitive behavioral therapy for primary insomnia is not as effective as CBT for other problems. The treatment has primary focused on change of sleep and neglected other factors which can contribute to the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding an intervention aimed at an additional factor, namely worry, to treatment. The study had a single subject design with two conditions, with and without constructive worry, pre- and posttest and seven participants. The results indicated that the intervention constructive worry added better outcomes on sleep, worry and daytime function. The conclusion that can be drawn is that a focus on more factors than sleep, such as worry and daytime function, can render CBT for primary insomnia more effective.
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Williams, Matthew Anthony. "INTRINSIC ADVANCE PRIMERS: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PERSONALIZED EXTRANEOUS MULTIMEDIA UPON INTRINSIC INTEREST AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1342732010.
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Nicholson, Thomas Peter. "Design and development of oligonucleotide probes for novel fungal polyketide synthase genes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322607.
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Hui, William, and 許嘉偉. "Influence of Hong Kong investment on prices and design of houses in Vancouver." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979725.
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譚彥斌 and Yin-bun Eric Tam. "Influence of land supply on rising residential prices: including implication for urban design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979907.
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Hui, William. "Influence of Hong Kong investment on prices and design of houses in Vancouver." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25796586.
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Tam, Yin-bun Eric. "Influence of land supply on rising residential prices : including implication for urban design /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25801107.
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Münzner, Ulrike. "Gene fishing in Cataglyphis fortis – Identification of genes inthe desert ant." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20455.
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The desert ant Cataglyphis fortis lives in the Sahara desert where it is exposed to extreme temperatures up to 70° C. In other words, the organism is considered as a thermophile. Until now the genome remains unknown but the fact that C. fortis provides heat stable proteins makes it very interesting in the field of protein studies and maybe even therapeutical research later on. This thesis focuses on trying to find genes that are expressed in C. fortis. Different genes were chosen and capable primers designed. After fishing for the enzyme GAPDH a fragment was found and sequenced. The sequence showed 31% homology on amino acid level with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in Apis mellifera (honey bee) and Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly). The received sequence can be used to design new primers that match exactly. Gene fishing can also be continued by using the other primers that were designed during this project.
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Elm, Fristorp Annika. "Design för lärande - barns meningsskapande i naturvetenskap." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75436.
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The aim of the study was to describe and analyse the design of learning environments and how children in preschool, preschool class and primary school create meaning and learn from the teaching aids offered to them in scientific activities planned by teachers. The theoretical reference frame was obtained from multimodal and design-oriented theory, with its focus on the creative dimensions of learning and detailed aspects of how learning takes place. The study is based on video-observations and constituted an in-depth study of a limited number of occasions spent in preschool, preschool classes and the first year of primary school when science lessons were in progress. Four children’s groups, thirty-six children and five teachers took part in the study, from different schools and municipalities. The children are aged between three and seven. The video-observations have been transcribed as text and analysed with analytical concepts found within the theoretical framework. The results show that considering the number of children in the children’s groups, relatively few children take part in the scientific learning contexts. Changes in the balance of power were evident in the learning settings and followed the interaction patterns that were identified in the children’s groups. The results also show that children create representations – both individually and corporately – in new or different ways that are made up of analogies expressed in terms of equivalent, existential, expressive and figurative analogies. The children’s verbal expressions that corresponded with the responses expected by the teachers were highly valued, were paid attention to and were recognised as know-how. This meant that many of the potential meanings that exist in children’s meaning-making in science become invisible. The results have educational implications for teachers’ work at the local level and for teacher training.
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Alm, Charlotte, and Åsa Tornell. "Medveten närvaro och beteendeterapi vid behandling av primär insomni : Effekter på sömn, uppmärksamhet, oro och ruminering." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15811.
Full textAbstract:
Uppmärksamhet/övervakning (monitoring) är en viktig komponent vid utvecklandet och vidmakthållandet av insomni. Genom medveten närvaro (MN) kan förmågan att rikta uppmärksamheten tränas upp. Syftet med studien var att undersöka effekten av MN och beteendeterapi (BT) vid behandling av primär insomni hos personer med hög uppmärksamhet/övervakning av sömnrelaterade stimuli. Behandlingens effekt på sömn och uppmärksamhet samt en eventuell sekundär effekt på oro och ruminering undersöktes. En single-subject design med en konstruktiv strategi användes och två behandlingar gavs, där hälften av deltagarna fick BT och hälften fick BT+MN. Resultaten visade att sömn, uppmärksamhet/övervakning och oro förbättrades av behandlingarna men obreoende av MN. För framtida forskning rekomenderas en utökad design för att undersöka effekten av MN vid behandling av insomni.People with insomnia attend to sleep-related stimuli during the day and night. The activity is called monitoring. In mindfulness (MN) attention plays a central part, and by practicing MN the ability to direct attention can be improved. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of MN and behavioral therapy (BT) when treating people with primary insomnia who tend to monitor sleep-related cues. The effect on sleep and monitoring was examined, as well as the secondary effect on worry and rumination. A single-subject design with a constructive strategy was used. Two different treatments were implemented and half of the participants were given BT and the other half BT+MN. Together the results showed that sleep, monitoring and worry improved, but independent of MN. A suggestion for future research is to extend the current design to further explore the effect of MN within the treatment of insomnia.
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Srirangarajan, Bhooma. "Visualizing Primary Design Research: Analyzing Interviews in Primary Design Research using Qualitative Research and Ethnographic Principles and Graphic Design to Communicate the Results." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406880596.
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González, Salinas María Camila. "Diseño interior del primer hotel con módulos de hospedaje en el Perú para el pasajero en tránsito del Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657583.
Full textAbstract:
La investigación busca sentar las bases de un hotel que, a través de la disposición de módulos unipersonales, sea capaz de atender la creciente demanda especializada de pasajeros en tránsito del aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez. El negocio se fundamenta en la modalidad de no tener que hacer una previa reservación para recibir el servicio, ya que el cliente podrá registrarse de manera autónoma en el momento de acercarse a la recepción para lo cual solo tendrá que introducir sus datos. Esto se hace con el afán de brindar a los clientes un ambiente menos estresante antes de viajar.
El hotel tiene tres pisos, el primero tiene zonas divididas para cada actividad, el segundo para el descanso y la higiene del pasajero donde también podrá descansar y distraerse en las salas de los pasillos, el tercero repite todo lo del segundo. Cabe mencionar que al momento de inscribirse el cliente recibirá un brazalete, donde podrá consumir los productos, entrar a la cápsula, abrir el locker en este brazalete se carga el monto consumido durante la estadía. Cada cliente está obligado a ducharse antes de entrar al módulo a pernoctar, razón por la cual se le entregarán objetos de aseo personal tales como bata de baño, toalla, Sachet de shampoo, alpargatas y jabón.
Entre los servicios que ofrecerá el hotel, se tendrá la cafetería, el comedor y el bar durante 24 horas..
Estar a solo segundos de distancia de todas las puertas internacionales mientras se ofrecen todas las comodidades para trabajar, relajarse, dormir y refrescarse será lo oportuno a ofrecer para que el viajero pueda llegar a su próximo destino de la mejor manera.
El estudio ha ido dividido en 5 capítulos a saber: Descripción de la realidad problemática; Marcos investigativos; Estrategias de diseño; Programación; Conclusiones y aportes
Como gran conclusión se ha llegado a indicar que el diseño de un hospedaje por módulos no solo responde a la tendencia imperante en los aeropuertos Hub del Mundo y que nuestro aporte servirá para alinear al Jorge Chávez en ese nivel; sino que además a fuerza de la demanda su construcción se hace muy necesaria.The research seeks to lay the foundations of a hotel that, through the provision of single-person modules, will be able to meet the growing specialized demand of passengers in transit in Jorge Chávez International Airport. The business is based on the modality of not having to make a previous reservation to receive the service, since the client will be able to register autonomously at the moment of approaching the reception for which he will only have to enter his data. This is done with the aim of providing customers with a less stressful environment before traveling. The hotel has three floors, the first has divided areas for each activity, the second for rest and passenger hygiene where you can also rest and be distracted in the halls of the corridors, the third repeats everything of the second. It is worth mentioning that at the time of registration the customer will receive a bracelet, where they can consume the products, enter the capsule, open the locker on this bracelet, the amount consumed during the stay is charged. Each client is obliged to take a shower before entering the module to spend the night, which is why they will be given personal hygiene items such as bathrobe, towel, shampoo bag, espadrilles and soap. Among the services offered by the hotel, you will have the cafeteria, the dining room and the bar for 24 hours .. Being just seconds away from all international doors while offering all the amenities to work, relax, sleep and refresh will be the right thing to offer so that the traveler can reach their next destination in the best way. The study has been divided into 5 chapters namely: Description of the problematic reality; Investigative frameworks; Design strategies; Programming; Conclusions and contributions As a great conclusion it has come to indicate that the design of a lodging by modules not only responds to the prevailing tendency in the Hub of the World airports and that our contribution will serve to align the Jorge Chávez in that level; but also by force of demand its construction becomes very necessary.
Tesis
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Keeley, Ryan F. "Design and Implementation of Degenerate qPCR/qRT-PCR Primers to Detect Microbial Nitrogen Metabolism in Wastewater and Wastewater-Related Samples." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7826.
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Nitrogen cycling processes can be tracked using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) to determine the presence and qReverse Transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) to determine expression of key genes, or ‘biological markers’, for nitrogen metabolism. Nitrification is catalyzed in part, by two enzymes: ammonia monooxygenase (AMO; NH3 NH2OH) and nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR; NO2- NO3-). For denitrification, four enzymes act sequentially: nitrate reductase (NAR/NAP; NO3- NO2-), nitrite reductase (NIR; NO2- NO), nitric oxide reductase (NOR; NO N2O), and nitrous oxide reductase (NOS; N2O N2). A principle of wastewater treatment (WWT) is to remove excess nitrogen by taking advantage of natural nitrogen cycling or biological nitrogen removal (BNR). This process involves using microorganisms to bring influent ammonia through nitrification and denitrification to release nitrogen gas, which does not contribute to eutrophication. A novel shortcut nitrogen removal configuration could increase nitrogen removal efficiency by promoting nitritation/denitritation, reducing the classic nitrogen cycle by removing the redundant oxidation/reduction step to nitrate (NO3-). Here, three nitrogen transformations were used to track the three main phases in the nitrogen cycle; ammonia monooxygenase for nitrification, nitrite oxidoreductase for shortcut, and nitrous oxide reductase for denitrification. Primers for qPCR and qRT-PCR were designed to capture as much sequence diversity as possible for each step. Genes from bacteria known to perform the nitrogen transformations of interest (amoA, nxrB, nosZ) were used to BLAST-query the Integrated Microbial Genomes & Microbiomes database (img.jgi.doe.gov) to find homologs from organisms commonly found in WWT. These sequences were then aligned to find regions sufficiently conserved for primer design. These PCR primers were tested against standards for each gene and used to track nitrogen transformation potential and expression in a novel lab-scale algal photo-sequencing batch reactor which promotes shortcut nitrogen removal from wastewater across three solids retention times (SRT, or mean cell residence time); 5, 10 and 15 days. SRT 15 had the greatest total nitrogen removal with nitritation and denitritation observed. Nitrate was not detected in the first cycle and shortcut nitrogen removal was supported by low levels of nxrB genes and transcripts. Simultaneous nitrification/denitrification was supported by elevated concentrations of nosZ during the light period and less nitrite produced than ammonium consumed. Nitritation was predominantly performed by Betaproteobacteria amoA and nitrous oxide reduction was predominantly from nosZ group I (Proteobacteria-type).
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Đorđe, Vukelić. "Razvoj sistema za projektovanje i optimizaciju konstrukcije pribora." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20100701VUKELIC.
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U disertaciji se prikazuje razvoj sistema zaprojektovanje i optimizaciju konstrukcije pribora zamašinsku obradu. Analizirani su različiti prilazi uprojektovanu pribora. Prikazana je koncepcija ifunkcionisanje razvijenog sistema. Validacija sistemaje izvršena na konkternim radnim predmetima zaoperacije obrade bušenja i glodanja. Na kraju su datiodgovarajući zaključci i mogući pravci budućihistraživanjaThe dissertation shows the development of system for fixture design and layout optimization for machining processi. Different approaches were analyzed in fixture design. The concept and functioning of the developed system is presented. Validation of the system is made with specific workpieces for drilling and milling process operations. At the end the appropriate conclusions and possible directions for future research are given.
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Dragomir, Miljanić. "Projektovanje elemenata pribora sa aspekta nosivosti i popustljivosti njihovih kontakata sa radnim predmetom." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94268&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U doktorskoj disertaciji je prikazana nova metodologija za projektovanjei optimizaciju konstrukcije elemenata pribora. Projektovani su irealizovani uređaji koji omogućavaju ispitivanje nosivosti ipopustljivosti kontakta između elemenata pribora i radnog predmeta ustatičkim i dinamičkim uslovima opterećenja. U istraživanjima jesimuliran proces stezanja elementima sa specijalno projektovanimzavršetkom i praćena je nosivost i popustljivost spoja izmeđuelemenata pribora i radnog predmeta. Utvrđeno je da standardnielementi za stezanje sa ravnim čelom u odnosu na specijanoprojektovane elemente imaju značajno manju nosivost i popustljivost.Pozitivni efekti primene elemenata za stezanje sa specijalnoprojektovanim završetkom ogledaju se u povećanju pouzdanosti, tačnostii produktivnosti mašinske obrade.Presented in this doctoral dissertation is a new methodology for the design andoptimization of fixture elements. Special device is designed and manufacturedto test load capacity and interface compliance between fixture elements andworkpiece under static and dynamic loads during machining. The researchprocess is simulated by specially designed clamping elements and monitoredfor load capacity and interface compliance between fixture elements andworkpiece. It was found that the standard clamping elements with flat clampingsurface have a significantly lower load capacity and interface compliance incomparison with the specially designed clamping elements. Application of thespecially designed clamping elements results in increased reliability, accuracyand machining productivity.
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Boer, Shaeema. "Challenges in the design of a smart phone (mobile) application for general practitioners: an interaction design approach." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1313.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Design
in the Faculty of Informatics and Design
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014If a patient arrives at a general practice whether with a scheduled appointment or at random during office hours, the general practitioner should be able to assist the patient’s with direct access to the patient folder which is stored at the office. What this research study focuses on is the accessing of patient information when the general practitioner is not at the office (usually after working hours). The research study takes place within the Durbanville suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. Interaction design is used as a framework to develop a solution by using smartphone technology.
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Campbell, Richard Cory. "Primary Teachers' Perspectives on iPad Integration: Barriers, Challenges, and Successes." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3024.
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Despite the rapid expansion of mobile technologies in K-12 schools, recent research has shown that many teachers are ill prepared to take advantage of these new tools. This study was designed to address the problem of lack of effective iPad integration in primary classrooms at an international school in South Korea. The purpose of this case study was to examine primary teachers' perceptions of the implementation of an iPad initiative begun in 2012. Framed by Koehler and Mishra's technological pedagogical content knowledge model (TPACK), the study was guided by research questions that involved teachers' perceptions of the barriers, challenges, and successes regarding iPad implementation in the primary classroom. A purposeful sample of 5 K-2 teachers who use iPads in the classroom was chosen. The case study design entailed semi-structured interviews, classroom observations of each participant, and examination of teachers' lesson plans. Data were coded and analyzed using inductive analysis based on components of a conceptual logic model. Credibility and trustworthiness were ensured through member checking and triangulation of data. Results showed lack of experience, collegial support, and iPad-specific training as barriers and future preparation for teachers as a challenge. Successes were demonstrated through formative assessments and digital portfolios. The resulting project was a comprehensive professional development plan to provide primary teachers with the knowledge and skills to implement technology in the classroom and ongoing support to develop a professional technology learning network. In terms of broad social change, this research and project might provide insight to better prepare educators to make the best use of integrated learning technologies for efficient and effective teaching and learning in classrooms.
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Tan, Ah Kat, and n/a. "Product information management in concurrent design systems." University of Canberra. Design and Architecture, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050707.092604.
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In this thesis, the management of product information in concurrent design
systems has been investigated with particular reference to product
development in small and medium enterprise (SME) industry and design
education at polytechnic level in Singapore. From a critical review of the
relevant literature on product design and development processes,
concurrent engineering, concurrent design systems, product data
management and related methods, it is found that there is a clear need for a
new design of a system for organizing and managing product information
in a concurrent design environment in the above contexts. This finding has
led to the development of a conceptual rationale, termed the Design Tensor
Method, and the design and development of an innovative product
information management system called PRIMAS. PRIMAS is a systematic
methodology for the classification, organization, integration,
communication, storage and management of product information in the
product development process. A software prototype based on PRIMAS has
been subsequently developed. PRIMAS along with its conceptual principles
have been applied and tested in a product design project in a tertiary
educational institution and in two significant industrial product
development projects based respectively in two SMEs. Positive evaluation
feedback on PRIMAS has been obtained in these studies. The product
development projects investigated with PRIMAS have also produced
outcomes that meet the original specified design requirements. The
findings from this research have led to the conclusion that PRIMAS is a
viable product information management system that can be used effectively
for managing product information in concurrent design projects in SME
industry and design education. Substantial PRIMAS databases of useful
product information have been compiled for the product development
projects investigated with PRIMAS. Finally, recommendations are made for
future research.
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French, Christopher Paul. "Essex County Council primary schools (1973-1993) : a design appraisal." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1996. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8732/.
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The thesis is an appraisal of various design aspects of new and extended primary schools in Essex built between 1973 and 1993. The investigation method included a review of primary school design literature and County Council archives, interviews with Officers concerned with the design and operation of primary schools, visits to schools, analysis of user comment by questionnaire, and investigative essays. The appraisal contains three parts:- part one a review of primary education since 1973; part two strategic aspects of primary school design, including, planning, constructional systems, aesthetics, environmental design, engineering services, interior and exterior design; part three detailed requirements of today's primary school room by room; plus conclusions promulgating lessons for the future. Main conclusions of the study are :- - Economic and political pressures have reduced quality and space standards, encouraged traditional teaching methods, and reduced community use. - The County Architect and Education department's influence diminished as power was delegated to individual schools. - Limited generic plans, including the paired classbase, have developed which are a useful precedent for future design teams. - System building produced stereotype deep plan buildings, with austere architecture which failed to respect their setting or delight users. Current traditional pitched roof designs are more successful, but relatively uninspired. - Despite environmental design and engineering attempting to balance conflicting factors and reduce energy consumption by using alternative fuels and solar passive methods, users prefer locally controlled traditional heating and ventilation systems. - Interiors are high quality with a domestic ambience, whereas exteriors are poor quality with windswept wastelands without enclosure or facilities for outside teaching. - Users believe 1980s schools are too small, sufficient classbase space is a priority, and demand better quality exteriors. This thesis should provide a clear view of the clients' requirements, past precedent, and critical relationships and will help future multi-disciplinary design teams, working under difficult conditions, produce better primary schools for Essex.
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Kajuth, Florian. "Studies on the role of asset prices and credit in the design of monetary and regulatory policy." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-88015.
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Good, Keith William. "An examination of the contribution of the 'starting point approach' (SPA) to primary design and technology." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2009. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5641/.
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The starting point approach (spa) to design and technology education presented in this thesis, is intended to stimulate children’s ideas and to allow projects with different purposes to be designed and made in one class. The projects all originate from a common starting point. The approach is intended to promote creativity and individual choice whilst being manageable for the teacher. Data were collected during a spa session taught to a group of 10-11 year old children in London. They were introduced to the pressure pad switch that was to be the starting point for their designing. The activity was initiated by the group brainstorming existing uses for pressure pads and ways to operate the switch prior to making their own. Each child went on to develop a project with a purpose selected by them. A transcript derived from the video of the above was subjected to analysis by means of coding and a specially devised grid. Children were also observed working and data were gathered using questionnaires, video recording, Dictaphone, field notes, interviews and digital pictures of the final artefacts. The study was qualitative in nature and based on an interpretative paradigm. The data were considered in two phases. Phase 1 of the study examined whether the children could do what the spa required. Phase 2 concentrated on examining in more detail what occurred when the spa was used. The research showed that children following the spa were able to design and make products with different purposes within a single class. It is argued that an advantage of the spa is that it reconciles the often conflicting demands of teaching skills and knowledge with encouraging individual creativity. The starting point approach is a pedagogical tool and process that can be used to motivate children through allowing them to decide the purpose of their individual project as well as its design.
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Erica, Breuer. "Using Theory of Change to design and evaluate complex mental health interventions in low and middle income countries: the case of PRIME." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29501.
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Background: Many health interventions are complex and consist of several interacting components (Medical Research Council 2008). These components include multiple causal strands, outcomes and levels of governance and may result in unexpected outcomes and non-linear change (Glouberman and Zimmerman 2002). As such they present challenges to the design and evaluation of complex health interventions. Although broad theoretical guidance has been developed by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) (Craig, Dieppe et al. 2008), it contains little practical guidance and has been criticised for not including theory driven approaches to evaluation such as Theory of Change (ToC) (Anderson 2008). De Silva, Breuer et al. (2014) have proposed that ToC may complement the MRC guidance on complex health interventions. Methods: This study explores how ToC can strengthen the design and evaluation of complex health interventions using the example of The Programme for Improving Mental Health Care (PRIME). PRIME is a research programme which aimed to develop, implement and evaluate the integration of mental health into primary health in districts or sub-districts in Ethiopia, India, Nepal, South Africa and Uganda. A ToC approach was used in addition to other approaches to design and evaluate these complex mental health interventions. Firstly, I conducted a systematic review to determine the extent to which ToC has been used to design and evaluate public health interventions. Secondly, I compared the process of developing the ToC between all five PRIME countries and reflected on the value of ToC workshops using a framework analysis of workshop documentation and interviews with facilitators. Thirdly, I explored the development of the ToCs within the programme as a whole and the implications for the development of the intervention and the choice of evaluation methods. Fourthly, I presented a ToC for the integration of mental health care in low and middle income countries. Fifthly, I demonstrated how ToC can be used as a framework for a qualitative comparative analysis of process and outcome data using longitudinal data from 10 PRIME implementation facilities in Nepal. Lastly, I provide a set of 10 key lessons learned from PRIME in the application of ToC to complex mental health interventions. Results I found that the ToC approach has been used for the design and evaluation of public health interventions since the 1990s. However, there is a lack of clear description of the use of ToC in the literature on public health interventions and inconsistency in how it is used. In applying the ToC approach to PRIME, I found that facilitators reported that ToC workshops were a valuable way to develop ToCs and that different stakeholders at the workshop contribute different types of information to the ToC process. Hierarchies within the health system are an important consideration for ToC workshops as power dynamics are likely to influence the functioning of the group. In addition, I found that the development of a cross country ToC can result in a programme theory which is relevant for complex multilevel intervention in different contexts. This ToC can provide a framework to map contextually relevant interventions and can be used to complement other intervention development approaches. The ToC can also be used to ensure indicators for all the short-, medium- and long-term outcomes are identified. However, combining process and outcome data analysis using the ToC is not straightforward. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) can be used to analyse process and outcome data in a single analysis in health services research. Conclusion: ToC can be used to strengthen the design and evaluation of complex health interventions and can be used to complement the MRC guidance in the design and evaluation of complex health interventions.
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Orton-Flynn, Susan Jane. "The design of a multimedia calculator and its use in teaching numeracy to those with learning difficulties." Thesis, Coventry University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364161.
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Judge, Lyndon Virginia. "Design Methods for Cryptanalysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35980.
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Security of cryptographic algorithms relies on the computational difficulty of deriving the secret key using public information. Cryptanalysis, including logical and implementation attacks, plays an important role in allowing the security community to estimate their cost, based on the computational resources of an attacker. Practical implementations of cryptanalytic systems require complex designs that integrate multiple functional components with many parameters.
In this thesis, methodologies are proposed to improve the design process of cryptanalytic systems and reduce the cost of design space exploration required for optimization.
First, Bluespec, a rule-based HDL, is used to increase the abstraction level of hardware design and support efficient design space exploration. Bluespec is applied to implement a hardware-accelerated logical attack on ECC with optimized modular arithmetic components. The language features of Bluespec support exploration and this is demonstrated by applying Bluespec to investigate the speed area tradeoff resulting from various design parameters and demonstrating performance that is competitive with prior work. This work also proposes a testing environment for use in verifying the implementation attack resistance of secure systems. A modular design approach is used to provide separation between the device being tested and the test script, as well as portability, and openness. This yields an open-source solution that supports implementation attack testing independent of the system platform, implementation details, and type of attack under evaluation. The suitability of the proposed test environment for implementation attack vulnerability analysis is demonstrated by applying the environment to perform an implementation attack on AES.
The design of complex cryptanalytic hardware can greatly benefit from better design methodologies and the results presented in this thesis advocate the importance of this aspect.Master of Science
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Durak, Selen. "Searching For A Common Framework For Education And Architecture Through Reconsideration Of Universal Design Principles For Promoting Inclusive Education In Primary Schools." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12612121/index.pdf.
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In recent years, as sensitivity for human rights and diversity in society increased, inclusion has become an important subject matter for discussions both in wider social context as a parameter reflecting more conscious and democratic understandings of human world, and in particular context of different disciplines.
Inclusion has become a widely discussed theme of inclusive education practices both internationally and in Turkey, as well as a central theme for Universal Design approach. In education, inclusion is a challenge which calls for a comprehensive institutional restructuring and demands adaptations in physical education environments. This condition implicitly challenges architects to take action for developing effective design approaches in order to create inclusive education environments.
This thesis is a search for a common framework for education and architecture for promoting inclusive education in primary schools. Despite the potential of Universal Design principles for bringing education and architecture together for this common goal, Universal Design approach remains limited for promoting a comprehensive understanding of inclusion.
Through a comprehensive review of legislations, literature and a case study carried out for conceiving practical concern of inclusive education, this study broadens the notion of inclusion and claims that inclusion is an ongoing process during which students develop their capacities with the provision of equal opportunities of access to educational resources, supportive services, teachers, professionals and effective education environments. Depending on this thesis&rsquoprocess-based and student-centered understanding of inclusion, Universal Design principles are differentiated by focusing on design aspects which maximize students&rsquo
individual strengths during inclusive education process.
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Mahoney, Michelle A. "Educational Facilities: Designing for Everyday Stress in Public, Primary School Environments." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428048435.
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Berglund, Lisa. "Selection of antigens for antibody-based proteomics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4706.
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Morley, Graham. "The impact of ICT on teaching in design and technology at Key Stage Two." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2009. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/6967/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the impact of computers and interactive whiteboards on the teaching of Design and Technology in Key Stage 2. Their use within education is having an influence upon the curriculum. Various investigations into the impact of Information and Communication Technology have been undertaken but these have principally involved CAD and CAM work within Key Stages 3 and 4 Design and Technology. Very few studies have looked at Design and Technology in the earlier key stages or the impact upon teaching and pupils at Key Stages 1 and 2. The literature review focuses on four key areas surrounding the research investigation: Computer Aided Learning; Cognition regarding the relationship of problem solving and higher level thinking; Pedagogy and its relationship to the use of computers in the teaching of Design and Technology and a review of the Design and Technology guidelines and the related issues regarding their implementation. The research is based upon both qualitative and quantitative methodologies employing multiple sources of data collection. Quantitative data was collected through a survey of all primary schools in two Yorkshire Local Authorities. The qualitative data produced the basis for in-depth individual semi-structured interviews with a sample of Design and Technology Co-ordinators. The semi-structured interviews then formed the foundation for a focus group interview of Local Authority officers. Use has been made of an evidence trail which examines other sources of evidence such as conference papers, HMI, QCA, Ofsted and DfES reports. The main findings indicate that the core subjects of the National Curriculum are taking the vast majority of teaching time. A broad and balanced curriculum is therefore no longer being maintained in the schools studied. The evidence revealed that teachers were becoming familiar with the use of computers in the classroom. They understood the skills involved in using computers but were still uncertain as to the most suitable pedagogy. The majority of teachers who responded to the questionnaire and the semi-structured interviews, the Local Authority officers and some government departments regard the New Opportunities Funded (NOF) training as being a disappointment due to its over-ambitious aims and lack of pedagogical content. The introduction of interactive whiteboards (IWB) was initially viewed by teachers as another element of ICT to teach. However these have now been well received. Those teachers involved in the study are finding it difficult to find time to either keep pace with or develop their ICT skills. This is reflected in teachers’ limited use of computer programs. This is in direct conflict with the findings of Ofsted, which found that teachers were now using a broader range of programs. Please note that the term Local Education Authority no longer exists as a statutory body. Throughout this thesis the term Local Authority is used instead.
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Davis, Robert Scott. "Investigation of design technology issues in the primary classroom." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16004/1/Robert_Davis_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Design technology is a poorly understood aspect of educational practice, particularly as it applies in the primary school classroom. In a number of countries around the world the implementation of design technology has met with difficulties as it applies to educational practice. In Australia, this curriculum area is a relatively recent addition to classroom programs of study, and it is crucial that a sound understanding of the subject and its specific characteristics is developed to assist in its effective implementation.
In this research a case study of a single primary school classroom was undertaken with a view to identifying issues that may have impeded or facilitated the effective implementation of design technology in such a context. The classroom experiences of the teacher and her students were examined in detail to ascertain any insights into design technology curriculum implementation and practice, particularly as it applies to the primary school environment.
The research identified nine key assertions relating to the practices of this teacher and her students. These assertions were developed and refined throughout the data collection to explain the observed classroom activity. Linkages between previous research and these assertions were utilised to develop a discussion that broadly identifies key issues that may impact on the effective implementation of design technology, as well as addressing broader conceptual issues associated with the subject area. The concept of a contingent approach to design is proposed as a means to explain classroom behaviour by students, and is allied to the concept of a 'field of possibility' and the interpretation of artefacts through a narrative approach. These key concepts combine to develop a structure through which classroom activity may be interpreted by teachers in a manner grounded in student behaviour. A model for interpreting technology activity in the classroom is also developed.
The research, therefore, develops present understanding through the observations of actual classroom activity. Furthermore, it presents new ways of conceptualising design technology that may assist in the progression of the curriculum area by academic and classroom professionals in a manner that is grounded in the reality of the classroom experience.
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Davis, Robert Scott. "Investigation of design technology issues in the primary classroom." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16004/.
Full textAbstract:
Design technology is a poorly understood aspect of educational practice, particularly as it applies in the primary school classroom. In a number of countries around the world the implementation of design technology has met with difficulties as it applies to educational practice. In Australia, this curriculum area is a relatively recent addition to classroom programs of study, and it is crucial that a sound understanding of the subject and its specific characteristics is developed to assist in its effective implementation. In this research a case study of a single primary school classroom was undertaken with a view to identifying issues that may have impeded or facilitated the effective implementation of design technology in such a context. The classroom experiences of the teacher and her students were examined in detail to ascertain any insights into design technology curriculum implementation and practice, particularly as it applies to the primary school environment. The research identified nine key assertions relating to the practices of this teacher and her students. These assertions were developed and refined throughout the data collection to explain the observed classroom activity. Linkages between previous research and these assertions were utilised to develop a discussion that broadly identifies key issues that may impact on the effective implementation of design technology, as well as addressing broader conceptual issues associated with the subject area. The concept of a contingent approach to design is proposed as a means to explain classroom behaviour by students, and is allied to the concept of a 'field of possibility' and the interpretation of artefacts through a narrative approach. These key concepts combine to develop a structure through which classroom activity may be interpreted by teachers in a manner grounded in student behaviour. A model for interpreting technology activity in the classroom is also developed. The research, therefore, develops present understanding through the observations of actual classroom activity. Furthermore, it presents new ways of conceptualising design technology that may assist in the progression of the curriculum area by academic and classroom professionals in a manner that is grounded in the reality of the classroom experience.
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Bäck, Sophia. "I tid och rum : Ett designteoretiskt perspektiv på undervisningen i samhällskunskap i de lägre åldrarna." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30262.
Full textAbstract:
Time and space is not regulated in the Swedish curriculum. In regard to that freedom, the aim of this study is to examine the choices teacher make when teaching social studies in primary school. The study proceed from the following questions: Which are the didactic tools, in special regard to how the tables are organized, how the time is used and other material resources? Which impact will the didactic tools have on the social relations in the classroom? Which effect does the two questions above have on the constitution of social studies as a school subject? The study is based on a qualitative method including both observations and interviews. The theoretical frame is the one of multimodal design. The results show that teachers’ choices are both conscious and unconscious. Their choices also impact on the social relations in the class and the pupils possibilities to participate. The pupils do not have as much freedom in time and space to express themselves as the teachers do. A fact teachers doesn’t seem to reflect. In what way teachers’ choices have an impact on the constitution of social studies is harder to show.