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Journal articles on the topic 'Prime densitie'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

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1

BALLOT, CHRISTIAN, and MIREILLE CAR. "ON MURATA DENSITIES." International Journal of Number Theory 07, no. 07 (November 2011): 1717–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179304211100440x.

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In this paper, we set up an abstract theory of Murata densities, well tailored to general arithmetical semigroups. In [On certain densities of sets of primes, Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A Math. Sci.56(7) (1980) 351–353; On some fundamental relations among certain asymptotic densities, Math. Rep. Toyama Univ.4(2) (1981) 47–61], Murata classified certain prime density functions in the case of the arithmetical semigroup of natural numbers. Here, it is shown that the same density functions will obey a very similar classification in any arithmetical semigroup whose sequence of norms satisfies certain general growth conditions. In particular, this classification holds for the set of monic polynomials in one indeterminate over a finite field, or for the set of ideals of the ring of S-integers of a global function field (S finite).

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2

Hasegawa, Takehiro, and Seiken Saito. "A generalization of the graph theory prime-number theorem of a finite graph." International Journal of Mathematics 26, no. 09 (August 2015): 1550071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x15500718.

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In the first half, we present a generalization of the graph theory prime-number theorem due to Audrey Terras et al. In the last half, we study relations between several densities of a subset consisting of primes in a graph, and by using the first result, we compute a distribution of a subset. This is an answer for the "research problem" in the page 197 of Terras' textbook "Zeta Functions of Graphs."

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3

Härdle, Wolfgang, and Zdeněk Hlávka. "Dynamics of state price densities." Journal of Econometrics 150, no. 1 (May 2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.01.005.

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4

Moser, Jan. "On gigantic density of zeros of some signals defined by prime numbers." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 45, no. 1 (1995): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1995.128507.

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5

Fujita, Takahiko. "Some asymptotic estimates of transition probability densities for generalized diffusion processes with self-similar speed measures." Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences 26, no. 5 (1990): 819–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2977/prims/1195170736.

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6

IVIĆ, ALEKSANDAR, and GÉRALD TENENBAUM. "LOCAL DENSITIES OVER INTEGERS FREE OF LARGE PRIME FACTORS." Quarterly Journal of Mathematics 37, no. 4 (1986): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qmath/37.4.401.

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7

Jacobson Jr., Michael J., and Hugh C. Williams. "New quadratic polynomials with high densities of prime values." Mathematics of Computation 72, no. 241 (May 2, 2002): 499–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0025-5718-02-01418-7.

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8

Kural, Michael, Vaughan McDonald, and Ashwin Sah. "Möbius formulas for densities of sets of prime ideals." Archiv der Mathematik 115, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00013-020-01458-z.

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9

Krohne, David T. "Demographic characteristics of Peromyscus leucopus inhabiting a natural dispersal sink." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 2321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-325.

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The population biology of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) inhabiting a 1.4-ha naturally occurring dispersal sink was studied for 5 years in west-central Indiana and compared with that in surrounding old-growth habitat. Densities in the dispersal sink were consistently lower than in prime habitat. Autumn and winter survival were practically nil. The sink was recolonized by adults in the spring following extreme low winter densities or extinction. Summer reproductive rates and the pattern of territoriality were similar to those in prime habitat. Mice colonized elsewhere when empty prime habitat was made experimentally available. The data suggest that few dispersing mice can be accommodated by the dispersal sink.

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10

Karl Härdle, Wolfgang, Brenda López-Cabrera, and Huei-Wen Teng. "State price densities implied from weather derivatives." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 64 (September 2015): 106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2015.05.001.

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11

Thomas, Philip, and Alec Chrystal. "Generalized Demand Densities for Retail Price Investigation." American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 03, no. 03 (2013): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2013.33034.

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12

Dalderop, Jeroen. "Nonparametric filtering of conditional state-price densities." Journal of Econometrics 214, no. 2 (February 2020): 295–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2019.05.022.

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13

LENSTRA, H. W., P. STEVENHAGEN, and P. MOREE. "Character sums for primitive root densities." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 157, no. 3 (November 2014): 489–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004114000450.

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AbstractIt follows from the work of Artin and Hooley that, under assumption of the generalised Riemann hypothesis, the density of the set of primes q for which a given non-zero rational number r is a primitive root modulo q can be written as an infinite product ∏p δp of local factors δp reflecting the degree of the splitting field of Xp - r at the primes p, multiplied by a somewhat complicated factor that corrects for the ‘entanglement’ of these splitting fields.We show how the correction factors arising in Artin's original primitive root problem and several of its generalisations can be interpreted as character sums describing the nature of the entanglement. The resulting description in terms of local contributions is so transparent that it greatly facilitates explicit computations, and naturally leads to non-vanishing criteria for the correction factors.The method not only applies in the setting of Galois representations of the multiplicative group underlying Artin's conjecture, but also in the GL2-setting arising for elliptic curves. As an application, we compute the density of the set of primes of cyclic reduction for Serre curves.

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14

Jian Jiang, and Wing Lon Ng. "Tracking Order Book Price Densities with Kalman Filters." International Journal of Information Processing and Management 2, no. 2 (April 30, 2011): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijipm.vol2.issue2.3.

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15

Ivanov, A. B. "Densities of primes and realization of local extensions." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 371, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/7449.

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16

Kaneko, Yuichiro, Takuro Nakagawa, Veng Kheang Phun, and Hironori Kato. "Impacts of Urban Railway Investment on Regional Economies: Evidence from Tokyo using Spatial Difference-in-Differences Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119846098.

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This study empirically analyzes the effects of urban railway investment on regional population density, employment density, and land price using the spatial difference-in-differences (DID) approach, employing a sociodemographic and socioeconomic dataset in 2,843 zones in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area from 2000 to 2010. A spatial-lag model and a spatial-error model, in addition to an ordinary least square model under the framework of the DID approach, are employed in the empirical analyses. The results show that investment in urban railway lines was in areas with lower population densities and higher employment densities. The urban railway investment significantly positively influenced land price but insignificantly influenced population and employment densities. Land price was positively influenced by population and employment densities. The analysis suggests that introduction of the railway directly affected the land price via anticipation of expected future development, rather than an indirect effect via increased population and employment densities. Finally, the policy implications regarding transit-oriented development are discussed, including strategic residential development in line with the railway investment and the integrated development of business clusters following railway investment to enhance the economic effects of railway investments.

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17

Hilgers, Angela, and Christian Beck. "Turbulent Behavior of Stock Exchange Indices and Foreign Currency Exchange Rates." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 07, no. 08 (August 1997): 1855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127497001424.

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The time evolution of stock exchange indices and foreign currency exchange rates has many similarities with turbulent flows. In particular, the probability densities of price changes are non-Gaussian and develop stretched exponential tails, quite similar to the densities of velocity differences measured in fully developed hydrodynamical turbulence. We show that a simple cascade model, based on a self-similar, hierarchical dynamics of price changes, describes the observed probability densities of the financial indices in a quantitatively correct way.

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18

Caulfield, Jon P., David B. South, and Greg L. Somers. "The Price-Size Curve and Planting Density Decisions." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/16.1.24.

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Abstract The planting density decision is influenced by the price-size relationship existing between the tree crop grown and the products sold. Several price-size curves are presented, and their impact on the optimal economic planting density is evaluated. Results indicate that when the price-size curve is upward sloping, fairly low planting densities may be appropriate. Higher densities apply when the price-size curve is flat. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the impact of changing site index and discount rate on the density decision. South. J. Appl. For. 16(1):24-29.

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19

Abramova, Ekaterina, and Derek Bunn. "Forecasting the Intra-Day Spread Densities of Electricity Prices." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030687.

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Intra-day price spreads are of interest to electricity traders, storage and electric vehicle operators. This paper formulates dynamic density functions, based upon skewed-t and similar representations, to model and forecast the German electricity price spreads between different hours of the day, as revealed in the day-ahead auctions. The four specifications of the density functions are dynamic and conditional upon exogenous drivers, thereby permitting the location, scale and shape parameters of the densities to respond hourly to such factors as weather and demand forecasts. The best fitting and forecasting specifications for each spread are selected based on the Pinball Loss function, following the closed-form analytical solutions of the cumulative distribution functions.

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20

Figlewski, Stephen. "Risk-Neutral Densities: A Review." Annual Review of Financial Economics 10, no. 1 (November 2018): 329–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110217-022944.

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Trading in options with a wide range of exercise prices and a single maturity allows a researcher to extract the market's risk-neutral density (RND) over the underlying price at expiration. The RND contains investors’ beliefs about the true probabilities blended with their risk preferences, both of which are of great interest to academics and practitioners alike. With a particular focus on US equity options, I review the historical development of this powerful concept, practical details of fitting an RND to options market prices, and the many ways in which investigators have tried to distill true expectations and risk premia from observed RNDs. I briefly discuss areas of active current research including the pricing kernel puzzle and the volatility surface, and offer thoughts on what has been learned about RNDs so far and fruitful directions for future research.

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21

Haight, Robert G. "Optimal management of loblolly pine plantations with stochastic price trends." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-007.

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An economic analysis of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) plantation management options with stochastic sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage price trends is conducted using the North Carolina State University Plantation Management Simulator, a widely used model in the southeastern United States. Results for stands with a range of site indices suggest that regimes with high planting densities combined with commercial thinning options have higher expected present values than do regimes without thinning options, especially in plantations with hardwood competition. Such regimes are superior because high planting densities increase the returns from pulpwood thinnings without compromising sawtimber volume at rotation age. Further, high planting densities maintain the option to produce either sawtimber or pulpwood depending on the stumpage prices at midrotation. Optimal regimes are conditional on the sawtimber and pulpwood prices at the time of planting. A comparison of results for plantations with and without hardwood competition suggests that when the hardwood stumpage price is likely to increase over time, removing hardwoods with commercial thinning is superior to removing hardwoods immediately after planting. Finally, planting and thinning regimes that are optimal for deterministic price trends provide near-optimal expected returns when employed in an environment where price trends are stochastic.

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22

SITTINGER, BRIAN D. "THE DENSITY OF -WISE RELATIVELY -PRIME ALGEBRAIC INTEGERS." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 98, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972718000382.

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Let $K$ be a number field with a ring of integers ${\mathcal{O}}$. We follow Ferraguti and Micheli [‘On the Mertens–Cèsaro theorem for number fields’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.93(2) (2016), 199–210] to define a density for subsets of ${\mathcal{O}}$ and use it to find the density of the set of $j$-wise relatively $r$-prime $m$-tuples of algebraic integers. This provides a generalisation and analogue for several results on natural densities of integers and ideals of algebraic integers.

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23

Talponen, Jarno, and Lauri Viitasaari. "Note on multidimensional Breeden–Litzenberger representation for state price densities." Mathematics and Financial Economics 8, no. 2 (February 5, 2014): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11579-014-0113-5.

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24

HOEKSTRA, G. J., L. W. KANNENBERG, and B. R. CHRISTIE. "GRAIN YIELD COMPARISON OF PURE STANDS AND MIXTURES OF DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS FOR TWO HYBRIDS OF MAIZE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-069.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects on grain yield of growing cultivars in mixtures of different proportions. Two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, Pride 116 and United 106, were grown for 2 yr in pure stand and in seven mixtures of different proportions (7:1, 6:2, 5:3, 4:4, 3:5, 2:6, 1:7) at plant densities of 61 500, 99 400, and 136 000 plants per hectare. The total number of mixture combinations was 42, i.e. 2 years × three densities × seven proportions. All but one mixture yielded as expected based on the yield of component hybrids in pure stand. The higher yielding hybrid (United 106) yielded significantly less grain per plant in mixtures than in pure stand. The lower yielding hybrid (Pride 116) yielded more in mixtures than in pure stand, although the difference was not significant. These data support previous observations that the ability of a hybrid to yield in pure stands is not necessarily related to its ability to yield in mixtures. High plant densities appear to enhance the likelihood of interactions occurring among hybrids. For United 106, the number of proportions yielding less grain per plant than in pure stand was highly significant at the two higher plant densities. For Pride 116, the number of proportions yielding more than in pure stand was highly significant at the highest plant density.Key words: Corn, grain yield, mixtures of different proportions, high plant densities, Zea mays

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25

Krishna, Ram, Helen V. Atkinson, Sarah V. Hainsworth, and Simon P. Gill. "Gamma Prime Precipitation, Dislocation Densities, and TiN in Creep-Exposed Inconel 617 Alloy." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 47, no. 1 (October 29, 2015): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3193-9.

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26

Jones, Edna. "Local densities of diagonal integral ternary quadratic forms at odd primes." International Journal of Number Theory 17, no. 03 (February 23, 2021): 547–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042120400357.

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We give formulas for local densities of diagonal integral ternary quadratic forms at odd primes. Exponential sums and quadratic Gauss sums are used to obtain these formulas. These formulas (along with 2-adic densities and Siegel’s mass formula) can be used to compute the representation numbers of certain ternary quadratic forms.

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27

DAS, SOUMYA. "ON THE NATURAL DENSITIES OF EIGENVALUES OF A SIEGEL CUSP FORM OF DEGREE 2." International Journal of Number Theory 09, no. 01 (November 13, 2012): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042112501217.

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We prove explicit lower bounds for the density of the sets of primes p such that eigenvalues λp of a Siegel cusp form of degree 2 satisfy c2 > λp > c1, for c1, c2 real. A similar result is also proved for the set of primes such that ∣λp∣ > c.

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28

Aït-Sahalia, Yacine, and Andrew W. Lo. "Nonparametric Estimation of State-Price Densities Implicit in Financial Asset Prices." Journal of Finance 53, no. 2 (April 1998): 499–547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.215228.

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29

Nunes, José Valter Lopes, J. Carmelo Interlando, Trajano Pires da Nóbrega Neto, and José Othon Dantas Lopes. "New p-dimensional lattices from cyclic extensions." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 16, no. 10 (September 20, 2017): 1750186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498817501869.

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In this work, [Formula: see text]-dimensional point-lattices are constructed from a number field [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a cyclic extension of degree [Formula: see text], an odd unramified prime in [Formula: see text]. Families of lattices whose packing densities asymptotically approach those of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], are explicitly exhibited.

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30

Ishizaka, Masaaki. "An accurate measurement of densities of snowflakes using 3-D microphotographs." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500011319.

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A 3-D microphotographic method was developed to measure densities of snowflakes accurately. Microscopic observations and photographs were taken in the field. The volume of a snowflake which is an aggregate of snow crystals was estimated from the 3-D photo by polyhedron approximation. The weight of the snowflake was measured with an electro-balance. The density values obtained were compared with the degree of riming and the size of each snowflake. The results clearly show that riming is a prime factor in increasing the density of the snowflake. The density of a snowflake is not sensitive to the change of size of the flake itself, but depends slightly on the size of its constituent snow crystals. The technique developed here will be applied in the future to study of the density of falling snowflakes.

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31

Ishizaka, Masaaki. "An accurate measurement of densities of snowflakes using 3-D microphotographs." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500011319.

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A 3-D microphotographic method was developed to measure densities of snowflakes accurately. Microscopic observations and photographs were taken in the field. The volume of a snowflake which is an aggregate of snow crystals was estimated from the 3-D photo by polyhedron approximation. The weight of the snowflake was measured with an electro-balance. The density values obtained were compared with the degree of riming and the size of each snowflake. The results clearly show that riming is a prime factor in increasing the density of the snowflake. The density of a snowflake is not sensitive to the change of size of the flake itself, but depends slightly on the size of its constituent snow crystals. The technique developed here will be applied in the future to study of the density of falling snowflakes.

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32

Ohkubo, Yukio, and Oto Strauch. "Distribution of Leading Digits of Numbers." Uniform distribution theory 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/udt-2016-0003.

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AbstractApplying the theory of distribution functions of sequences we find the relative densities of the first digits also for sequences xn not satisfying Benford’s law. Especially for sequence xn = nr, n = 1, 2, . . . and $x_n = p_n^r $, n = 1, 2, . . ., where pn is the increasing sequence of all primes and r > 0 is an arbitrary real. We also add rate of convergence to such densities.

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33

Abramova, Ekaterina, and Derek Bunn. "Optimal Daily Trading of Battery Operations Using Arbitrage Spreads." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 4931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164931.

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An important revenue stream for electric battery operators is often arbitraging the hourly price spreads in the day-ahead auction. The optimal approach to this is challenging if risk is a consideration as this requires the estimation of density functions. Since the hourly prices are not normal and not independent, creating spread densities from the difference of separately estimated price densities is generally intractable. Thus, forecasts of all intraday hourly spreads were directly specified as an upper triangular matrix containing densities. The model was a flexible four-parameter distribution used to produce dynamic parameter estimates conditional upon exogenous factors, most importantly wind, solar and the day-ahead demand forecasts. These forecasts supported the optimal daily scheduling of a storage facility, operating on single and multiple cycles per day. The optimization is innovative in its use of spread trades rather than hourly prices, which this paper argues, is more attractive in reducing risk. In contrast to the conventional approach of trading the daily peak and trough, multiple trades are found to be profitable and opportunistic depending upon the weather forecasts.

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34

ŞAHİN TEKİN, Melisa. "Primer hipolipoproteinemili hastalarda monosit/yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol oranı." Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 3, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1162205.

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Aim: Hypolipoproteinemia is low blood lipid levels in adults. Primary hypolipoproteinemia due to genetic mutations is a rare condition. Studies to demonstrate the clinical significance of hypolipoproteinemia are limited. It was aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with primary hypolipoproteinemia and the monocyte/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio in this study. Material and Method: Eight patients with primary hypolipoproteinemia and twelve healthy control subjects were compared in terms of lipid profiles, monocyte/HDL ratios, hemogram, acute phase response tests, and liver tests. Results: Triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were found to be significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (p=0.037 and

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35

Perignon, Christophe, and Christophe Villa. "Extracting Information from Options Markets: Smiles, State-Price Densities and Risk Aversion." European Financial Management 8, no. 4 (December 2002): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-036x.00201.

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36

Li, Haitao, and Feng Zhao. "Nonparametric Estimation of State-Price Densities Implicit in Interest Rate Cap Prices." Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 11 (April 10, 2009): 4335–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhp025.

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37

Ivanova, Vesela, and Josep Maria Puigvert Gutiérrez. "Interest rate forecasts, state price densities and risk premium from Euribor options." Journal of Banking & Finance 48 (November 2014): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.03.028.

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38

HOLT, N. W., and R. P. ZENTNER. "EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY AND ROW SPACING ON AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC RETURNS OF NONOILSEED SUNFLOWER IN SOUTHEASTERN SASKATCHEWAN." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-072.

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Years, locations and planting density are significant factors that influence the agronomic performance of Sundak nonoilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in southeastern Saskatchewan. As plant densities of sunflower were increased from 37 500 to 75 000 plants/ha at Indian Head from 1975 to 1977, achene (seed) yield and test weight increased linearly with density while percentages of roasting and dehulling seed categories decreased. Row spacings of 30–90 cm affected plant height and seed yield and size, but absolute amounts were not large. Based on 1984 prices of four seed-size categories, highest gross economic returns were favored by the higher plant densities. In a second test at Indian Head and Oxbow in 1979 and Areola in 1980, a range of plant densities from 22 900 to 76 400 plants/ha did not significantly affect seed yield or gross economic returns. However, yield and returns tended to be greatest for 50 000-60 000 plants/ha. Percentages of large seed decreased as plant population increased. Because markets generally favor the large-seed size categories and the price differentials among seed size categories tend to increase, plant densities of 40 000 to 50 000 plants/ha might better be recommended to allow for years with greater price differentials.Key words: Nonoilseed sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., plant density, row spacing, seed size, economic returns

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39

Lakastri, Lavia, Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo, and Max Rudolf Muskananfola. "PENGARUH KEDALAMAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS PRIMER DAN DENSITAS ZOOXANTHELLAE PADA KARANG DOMINAN DI PULAU CEMARA KECIL, KARIMUNJAWA." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 7, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v7i4.22667.

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Pulau Cemara Kecil merupakan salah satu pulau yang dijadikan tujuan wisata di Kepulauan Karimunjawa. Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem pesisir yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi. Nitrat merupakan nutrien sebagai salah satu faktor penentu terpeliharanya produktivitas perairan. Penelitian ini mempelajari perbedaan jumlah sel zooxanthellae yang berpengaruh terhadap nilai produktivitas primernya dan kandungan nitrat yang diserap terhadap perbedaan kedalaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan produktivitas primer bersih (NPP) ekosistem terumbu karang, kandungan nitrat dan densitas zooxanthellae pada kedalaman 1 meter dan 5 meter. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pulau Cemara Kecil pada bulan Maret 2018 dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh jenis karang yang dominan adalah Acropora sp. (26,58%) dan Porites sp (40,38%) dengan tutupan karang hidup pada kedalaman 1 meter (70,5%) kategori baik, kedalaman 5 meter (76,83%) kategori sangat baik. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (sig.) pada densitas zooxanthellae (sig = 0,02) dan NPP (sig = 0,01) di kedalaman 1 meter dan 5 meter pada kedua jenis karang. Perbedaan yang kurang signifikan pada konsentrasi nitrat (sig = 0,395) pada kedua kedalaman. Nilai densitas Zooxanthellae dan NPP lebih tinggi pada kedalaman 1 meter dibandingkan kedalaman 5 meter. Kedalaman mempengaruhi jumlah sel zooxanthellae pada karang sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas primer yang dihasilkan. Penyerapan kandungan nitrat oleh zooxanthellae berbeda dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisika kimia lingkungan. Pulau Cemara Kecil is one of the island used as a tourist destination in Karimunjawa. Coral reef are coastal ecosystems that have high productivity. Nitrate is a nutrient as a determining factor for the preservation of marine productivity, nutrients becomes an important factor. This research will study the differences in zooxanthellae cells that effected on their primary productivity value and nitrate absorbed by the depth difference. The purpose of this research is to know the differences of coral reef Net Primary Productivity (NPP), nitrate concentration and density of zooxanthellae at depth of 1 meter and 5 meter. This study was conducted in Cemara Kecil Island on March 2018, with descriptive method. The research results obtained are the dominant species of coral Acropora sp. (26,58%) and Porites sp. (40,38%) with living coral cover at a depth of 1 meter (70,5%) categories are good, the depth of 5 meter (76,83%) categories are very good. There is a significant difference (sig) on the density of zooxanthellae (sig = 0,03) and NPP (sig = 0,01) at a depth of 1 meter and 5 meters on both types of coral. Less significant differences in the concentration of nitrates (sig = 0,395) on both the depth. Zooxanthellae densities values higher than NPP at a depth of 1 meter compared to a depth of 5 meters. Depth affect the density of zooxanthellae on corals so influential is also against the resulting primary productivity. Absorption of different content of nitrate by zooxanthellae are influenced b factors of chemical – physics environment.

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BRIGO, DAMIANO, and FABIO MERCURIO. "LOGNORMAL-MIXTURE DYNAMICS AND CALIBRATION TO MARKET VOLATILITY SMILES." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 05, no. 04 (June 2002): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024902001511.

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We introduce a general class of analytically tractable models for the dynamics of an asset price based on the assumption that the asset-price density is given by the mixture of known basic densities. We consider the lognormal-mixture model as a fundamental example, deriving explicit dynamics, closed form formulas for option prices and analytical approximations for the implied volatility function. We then introduce the asset-price model that is obtained by shifting the previous lognormal-mixture dynamics and investigate its analytical tractability. We finally consider a specific example of calibration to real market option data.

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41

Shirai, Sayo, and Koki Toyota. "Optimisation of a species-specific primer set to quantify the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in soil using real-time PCR." Nematology 21, no. 10 (2019): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003273.

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Summary We previously reported a real-time PCR primer set (SCN) that is specific to the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines, a major nematode pest in soybean production in Japan. However, the primer set also amplified the related species H. trifolii and H. schachtii, whose presence was recently reported in Japan. The objective of this study was to optimise a primer set to be more specific for quantification of H. glycines. The newly optimised primer set (SCNnew) amplified H. trifolii and H. schachtii at amplification efficiencies less than 1% of H. glycines. Surveys for H. glycines in different green soybean fields in Japan demonstrated that most fields judged to contain low densities of H. glycines based on the SCN primer set were not actually infested with H. glycines. The SCNnew primer set quantifies H. glycines in soil more precisely.

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Aizawa, Kei, Lawrence A. Turner, Dorothee Weihrauch, Zeljko J. Bosnjak, and Wai-Meng Kwok. "Protein Kinase C-ε Primes the Cardiac Sarcolemmal Adenosine Triphosphate–sensitive Potassium Channel to Modulation by Isoflurane." Anesthesiology 101, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200408000-00019.

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Background Cardioprotection by volatile anesthetic-induced preconditioning is known to involve intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies have shown that protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in anesthetic-induced preconditioning. In this study, the effects of the activation of specific isozymes of PKC, specifically PKC-epsilon and -delta, on the modulation of the sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (sarcKATP) channel by isoflurane were investigated. Methods The sarcKATP current was measured in ventricular myocytes isolated from guinea pig hearts using the whole cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. Peptides that induced the translocation of specific PKC isozymes were used to activate PKC-epsilon and PKC-delta. Results Under whole cell conditions, isoflurane alone was unable to elicit the opening of the sarcKATP channel. Pretreatment with the specific PKC-epsilon activator, PP106, primed the sarcKATP channel to open in the presence of isoflurane. The resulting sarcKATP current densities in the presence of 0.88 mm isoflurane were 6.5 +/- 6.0 pA/pF (n = 7) and 40.4 +/- 18.2 pA/pF (n = 7) after pretreatment with 100 and 200 nm PP106, respectively. The PKC-epsilon antagonist PP93 abolished this effect. A scrambled peptide of the PKC-epsilon activator PP105 did not prime the sarcKATP channel. The PKC-delta activator PP114 was significantly less effective in priming the sarcKATP channel. 5-Hydroxydecanoate significantly attenuated the effect of the PKC-epdsilon activator on the sarcKATP channel. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed that the PKC-epsilon isoform translocated to both the mitochondria and sarcolemma after anesthetic-induced preconditioning, whereas the PKC-delta isoform translocated to the mitochondria. Conclusion The PKC-epsilon isozyme primed the sarcKATP channel to open in the presence of isoflurane. The PKC-delta isozyme was significantly less effective in modulating the isoflurane effect on this channel.

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HAREL, ARIE, and GIORA HARPAZ. "SECURITY MARKETS WITH PRICE LIMITS: A BAYESIAN APPROACH." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 09, no. 03 (May 2006): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024906003585.

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Several financial markets impose daily price limits on individual securities. Once a price limit is triggered, investors observe either the limit floor or ceiling, but cannot know with certainty what the true equilibrium price would have been in the absence of such limits. The price limits in most exchanges are typically based on a percentage change from the previous day's closing price, and can be expressed as return limits. We develop a Bayesian forecasting model in the presence of return limits, assuming that security returns are governed by identically and independently shifted-exponential random variables with an unknown parameter. The unique features of our Bayesian model are the derivations of the posterior and predictive densities. Several numerical predictions are generated and depicted graphically. Our main theoretical result with policy implications is that when return-limit regulations are tightened, the price-discovery process is impeded and investor's welfare is reduced.

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44

Gulisashvili, Archil, and Josep Vives. "Asymptotic Analysis of Stock Price Densities and Implied Volatilities in Mixed Stochastic Models." SIAM Journal on Financial Mathematics 6, no. 1 (January 2015): 158–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/140962255.

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Ziegler, Alexandre. "State-price densities under heterogeneous beliefs, the smile effect, and implied risk aversion." European Economic Review 46, no. 8 (September 2002): 1539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(01)00200-8.

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46

Yefenof, E., V. M. Sanders, E. C. Snow, R. J. Noelle, K. G. Oliver, J. W. Uhr, and E. S. Vitetta. "Preparation and analysis of antigen-specific memory B cells." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 3777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.3777.

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Abstract A procedure has been developed for the enrichment of TNP-binding memory B cells (TNP-MABC) from spleens of immunized mice. More than 75% of the cells expressed surface IgM (sIgM) and IgD (sIgD) and about 9% expressed surface IgG (sIgG). The TNP-MABC consisted of small resting lymphocytes with high affinity antigen-binding receptors. These cells expressed increased densities of Ia antigens and decreased densities of sIgD. Adoptive transfer of the cells into irradiated, carrier-primed syngeneic recipients resulted in their differentiation into IgG anti-TNP antibody-secreting cells. TNP-MABC secreted high affinity IgG anti-TNP antibodies when cultured in vitro with carrier-primed T cells and antigen. Limiting dilution analysis revealed that TNP-MABC contained a relatively low frequency of precursors for IgG-secreting cells that had an exceptionally large clone size. These results show that a highly enriched population of antigen-specific memory B cells can now be prepared and used to analyze their activation requirements.

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47

Spaargaren, Dirk. "OPTIMAL HARVEST SIZE IN SHRIMP CULTURES." Crustaceana 72, no. 3 (1999): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503375.

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AbstractMany factors (e.g., food conversion efficiency, stocking density, harvest size, product value and food value) determine the economic profitability of shrimp cultures. Food conversion efficiency (FCE) and body size are negatively related. During ontogenetic development, the efficiency with which animals convert ingested food into body mass gradually declines, either by a less efficient digestion or by a less efficient incorporation of digested material. Food intake increases with increasing body weight, while food conversion efficiency decreases; at intermediate body sizes the conversion of food to biomass reaches a maximum. The optimal size for harvesting depends on the food/product price ratio. Cultivation can only be profitable when FCE is at least higher than the food/product price ratio (Vf/Vp). Equations are derived giving the daily profit of a culture cycle, in relation to the various variables involved. From these the optimal harvest weight can be assessed. Food conversion efficiency and optimal harvest weight are physiologically determined but can markedly be increased by improved food quality (affecting FCE), additional oxygen supply, and removal of metabolic waste products (affecting maximal stocking densities). A cultured species should reach a marketable size long before it reaches its maximal size, viz., before food conversion efficiency drops to low values. De nombreux facteurs (par ex., l'efficacite d'utilisation de l'aliment, la densite du stock, la taille de recolte, la valeur du produit et la valeur nutritionnelle) determinent le benefice economique des elevages de crevettes. L'efficacite d'utilisation de l'aliment (FCE) et la taille du corps sont correlees negativement. Au cours du developpement ontogenique, l'efficacite avec laquelle les animaux transforment la nourriture ingeree en masse corporelle diminue graduellement, soit en raison d'une digestion moins efficace, soit par une assimilation moins efficace du materiel digere. La prise de nourriture augmente en meme temps que le poids du corps tandis que l'efficacite de conversion de la nourriture diminue; a des tailles intermediaires, la conversion de la nourriture en biomasse atteint un maximum. La taille optimale pour la recolte depend du rapport prix de la nourriture/prix du produit (Vf/Vp). L'elevage est seulement rentable quand FCE est au moins superieur a ce dernier rapport (Vf/Vp). Des equations en sont tirees, indiquant le profit journalier d'un cycle d'elevage, en fonction des diverses variables impliquees. On peut en deduire le poids optimal de recolte. L'efficacite de transformation de la nourriture et le poids optimal de recolte sont determines physiologiquement mais peuvent etre augmentes de facon marquee par une qualite de nourriture amelioree (affectant FCE), un apport supplementaire en oxygene et l'elimination des dechets du metabolisme (affectant les densites maximales du stock). Une espece d'elevage devrait atteindre une taille commercialisable longtemps avant qu'elle n'atteigne sa taille maximale, c'est a dire, avant que l'efficacite de conversion de la nourriture ne diminue trop.

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Kondić, Danijela, Maja Bajić, Đurađ Hajder, and Desimir Knežević. "Variability of Number of Spikes per Unit Area and Grain Yield Effected by Different Sowing Densities оf Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 18, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1702131k.

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The sowing density of wheat is important for expression of number of spikes per unit area, grain yield as well as other yield components. The aim of this work is investigation of variability of grain yield and number of spikes per unit area influenced by different sowing densities under different environmental conditions. Three wheat genotypes NS 40, Prima and Nova Bosanka were studied at seven different sowing densities (384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 588 and 604 seeds m-2) with four replications on experimental plot of one m2 on field experiment in agro‒ecological conditions of Banja Luka during two successive growing seasons. In all studied wheat cultivars, the lowest number of spikes m-2 and the lowest grain yield were found on variant of lowest sowing density (384 seeds m-2), while the highest number of spikes m-2 and the highest grain yield were found on variant of 588 seeds m-2 in both years. The wheat genotype NS 40S had the highest number of spikes m-2, while Nova Bosanka had the lowest at all variants of sowing densities in both years. Mainly, at all variants of sowing densities, the highest values of analyzed traits were expressed in first year of experimental investigation. Depending of year and variant of sowing density the highest grain yield were found in NS 40 and Prima, while the lowest grain yield had Nova Bosanka in both years of experiment. In general, the recommended wheat sowing rates should be confirmed in the specific area of production and for the specific genotype.

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Spaas, Jan H., Sarah Y. Broeckx, Koen Chiers, Stephen J. Ferguson, Marco Casarosa, Nathalie Van Bruaene, Ramses Forsyth, Luc Duchateau, Alfredo Franco-Obregón, and Karin Wuertz-Kozak. "Chondrogenic Priming at Reduced Cell Density Enhances Cartilage Adhesion of Equine Allogeneic MSCs - a Loading Sensitive Phenomenon in an Organ Culture Study with 180 Explants." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 37, no. 2 (2015): 651–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430384.

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Background: Clinical results of regenerative treatments for osteoarthritis are becoming increasingly significant. However, several questions remain unanswered concerning mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion and incorporation into cartilage. Methods: To this end, peripheral blood (PB) MSCs were chondrogenically induced and/or stimulated with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for a brief period of time just sufficient to prime differentiation. In an organ culture study, PKH26 labelled MSCs were added at two different cell densities (0.5 x106 vs 1.0 x106). In total, 180 explants of six horses (30 per horse) were divided into five groups: no lesion (i), lesion alone (ii), lesion with naïve MSCs (iii), lesion with chondrogenically-induced MSCs (iv) and lesion with chondrogenically-induced and PEMF-stimulated MSCs (v). Half of the explants were mechanically loaded and compared with the unloaded equivalents. Within each circumstance, six explants were histologically evaluated at different time points (day 1, 5 and 14). Results: COMP expression was selectively increased by chondrogenic induction (p = 0.0488). PEMF stimulation (1mT for 10 minutes) further augmented COL II expression over induced values (p = 0.0405). On the other hand, MSC markers remained constant over time after induction, indicating a largely predifferentiated state. In the unloaded group, MSCs adhered to the surface in 92.6% of the explants and penetrated into 40.7% of the lesions. On the other hand, physiological loading significantly reduced surface adherence (1.9%) and lesion filling (3.7%) in all the different conditions (p < 0.0001). Remarkably, homogenous cell distribution was characteristic for chondrogenic induced MSCs (+/- PEMFs), whereas clump formation occurred in 39% of uninduced MSC treated cartilage explants. Finally, unloaded explants seeded with a moderately low density of MSCs exhibited greater lesion filling (p = 0.0022) and surface adherence (p = 0.0161) than explants seeded with higher densities of MSCs. In all cases, the overall amount of lesion filling decreased from day 5 to 14 (p = 0.0156). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that primed chondrogenic induction of MSCs at a lower cell density without loading results in significantly enhanced and homogenous MSC adhesion and incorporation into equine cartilage.

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Kondić, Danijela, Maja Bajić, Desimir Knežević, and Đurađ Hajder. "Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Overwintering Under Different Sowing Densities." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2017): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1604307k.

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Wheat overwintering ability affects the final number of plants that are able to continue their growth and development when necessary conditions are established. This research was conducted to study the overwintering ability of winter wheat cultivars (NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka) under different sowing densities during 2013/14 and 2014/15 in agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. Standard agronomic practices for winter wheat were performed. Wheat cultivars were sown manually, under sowing densities with different seed arrangements: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588, and 604 seeds m-2. Counting of wheat plants in both examined years was carried out in the second decade of February. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3, while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The average overwintering plants percentage for all three examined wheat cultivars was 50.06%. Sowing density of 588 seeds m-2 stands out as the density with a tendency of the highest percentage of overwintering plants in both years.

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