Dissertations / Theses: 'Primate conservation'

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Vella, Adriana. "Primate population biology and conservation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245184.

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Gachugu, David Mukii, and n/a. "Can monkeys and humans co-exist? Land-use and primate conservation : conflicts and solutions in Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya." University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060711.121336.

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This study is based in Tana River National Primate Reserve (TRNPR), Kenya. The reserve, established in 1976 to protect remnant patches of riverine forests from increasing human pressure is home to two endemic endangered primate subspecies, Tana River Red colobus (Colobus badius rufomitratus) and Tana River Crested mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus). Habitat encroachment through indigenous farming and forest uses was thought to be one of the causes of drastic colobus and mangabey population decline after 1975. This study aimed at; generating information on the impact of these human land-uses on the habitat, this would facilitate the preparation of management recommendations which would improve the chances of survival of primate habitats without compromising the welfare of indigenous people. Using 3 sets of aerial photographs and a geographic information system, information on land-use changes over time has been generated. A 3 month field work generated information on agriculture, forest uses and other relevant socio-economic information. Results from the study indicate that: (i) human population has increased by more than two-folds between 1969 and 1991; (ii) this has not corresponded to a net increase in forest area decrease or farm area increase; (iii) there has been a net increase in area under forest and decrease in area under agriculture; (iv) spatial and temporal changes in forest area explain colobus population crash observed between 1975 and 1985, (v) indigenous farmers interviewed prefer a compromise, where they are allowed controlled access to land within the reserve. They showed a keen knowledge of conservation costs and benefits and cause-effect processes between humans and the environment. Management recommendations advocate measures that encourage indigenous people to be partners in conservation.

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Carne, Charlotte Veryan. "Modelling approaches to orangutan and chimpanzee conservation." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2014. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/modelling-approaches-to-primate-conservation(971be913-3b24-4269-9d06-9da5963d102c).html.

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The future survival of the orangutan is extremely uncertain; as hunting and deforestation continue to exert pressure on surviving populations, new threats such as climate change and potential disease transmission are emerging that may exacerbate an already critical situation. The potential impacts of these threats were investigated in this thesis using modelling approaches, to provide insights that will be valuable for planning effective conservation strategies. Anthropogenic factors were identified as important determinants of the current range of the orangutan, while resting time also appeared to be a key constraint on orangutan distribution patterns. This may be related to a greater reliance on fallback foods in degraded habitats, leading to increased digestion times and hence excessively high resting time demands. In the future, anthropogenic effects were predicted to continue to have an important influence on orangutans, particularly as they were found to be extremely sensitive to habitat degradation across the whole of their current range. In contrast, climate change was not predicted to be a major threat to the orangutan, although large increases in rainfall could lead to considerable range reductions. Abstract ii Modelling disease spread revealed that although potential superspreaders were identified in the orangutan population, the orangutan social system was extremely robust against disease transmission, irrespective of the model or disease parameters used. As such, vaccinations were not predicted to be useful. However, modelling disease transmission within a chimpanzee community suggested that orangutans living in a more gregarious manner, for example, in rehabilitation centres, may be highly susceptible to disease spread. Overall, although climate change and disease transmission were not predicted to be strong pressures, the extreme vulnerability of the orangutan to further habitat degradation across its range suggests that the development of even relatively minor threats could have important ramifications for the survival of the species.

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Liu, Jie. "The co-existence of endangered primate species and ethnic groups in southwest China." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253136.

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付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第22300号
理博第4614号
新制||理||1662(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻
(主査)教授平田聡, 教授幸島司郎, 教授伊谷原一
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Waters, Sian Sara. "Including people in primate conservation : a case study of shepherds and Barbary macaques in Bouhachem forest, northern Morocco." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11112/.

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Strategies for conserving species threatened with extinction are often guided by the collection and analysis of ecological data. However, in anthropogenic landscapes the inclusion of local people’s knowledge and perceptions may be effective in encouraging them to change their behaviour in favour of conservation. I use a conservation project for the Endangered Barbary macaque in Bouhachem forest, northern Morocco, to examine the effectiveness of applying ethnographic data to the development of a conservation strategy. I first present the historical, political and social context of the study site and describe how local people’s interactions with outside agencies result in their marginalisation and how this might influence future conservation activities. I describe how, to avoid further exclusion, I engaged local people in project research activities by integrating our different knowledge systems to co-produce information about Barbary macaque locations in Bouhachem. I examine shepherds’ ontology of Barbary macaques along with a wild canid, the golden jackal and two domestic species - goats and dogs interpreting these data within the framework of boundary theory. I describe and discuss the reactions of shepherds and their dogs when they are in physical proximity to Barbary macaques and I interpret the social and cultural factors which underlie these often negative cross-species encounters. I demonstrate how inclusion of shepherds in research activities and gaining an understanding of the reasons for their negative behaviour toward the macaques enabled me to foster a change in their attitudes towards a culture of Barbary macaque conservation. To improve the successful outcome of conservation projects and avoid alienating local people, I suggest there is a need for a sensitive method of communication when imparting scientific data which are not concordant with local people’s knowledge. I use the example of vaccinating village dogs against rabies both to deliver the message that problem dogs are owned and not feral and to provide a health benefit to villagers. Finally, I appraise the effectiveness of collecting and analysing ethnographic data in relation to conservation and the difficulties I encountered whilst doing so. I discuss the ethical issues surrounding the authorship of publications when co-production of information is the aim of a study. I conclude that the collection and analysis of ethnographic data provide an important dimension to successful conservation practice.

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Semel, Brandon Pierce. "Factors affecting golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli) densities and strategies for their conservation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102781.

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Habitat degradation and hunting pose the most proximate threats to many primate species, while climate change is expected to exacerbate these threats (habitat and climate change combined henceforth as "global change") and present new challenges. Madagascar's lemurs are earth's most endangered primates, placing added urgency to their conservation in the face of global change. My dissertation focused on the critically endangered golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli; hereafter, "sifaka") which is endemic to fragmented forests across a gradient of dry, moderate, and wet forest types in northeastern Madagascar. I surveyed sifakas across their global range and investigated factors affecting their densities. I explored sifaka diets across different forest types and evaluated if nutritional factors influenced sifaka densities. Lastly, I investigated sifaka range-wide genetic diversity and conducted a connectivity analysis to prioritize corridor-restoration and other potential conservation efforts. Sifaka densities varied widely across forest fragments (6.8 (SE = 2.0-22.8) to 78.1 (SE = 53.1-114.8) sifakas/km2) and populations have declined by as much as 30-43% in 10 years, from ~18,000 to 10,222-12,631 individuals (95% CI: 8,230-15,966). Tree cutting, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the wet season, and Simpson's diversity index (1-D) predicted sifaka densities range-wide. Sifakas consumed over 101 plant species and spent 27.1% of their active time feeding on buds, flowers, fruits, seeds, and young and mature leaves. Feeding effort and plant part consumption varied by season, forest type, and sex. Minerals in sifaka food items (Mg (β = 0.62, SE = 0.19) and K (β = 0.58, SE = 0.20)) and wet season NDVI (β = 0.43, SE = 0.20) predicted sifaka densities. Genetic measures across forest fragments indicated that sifaka populations are becoming more isolated (moderate FIS values: mean = 0.27, range = 0.11-0.60; high M-ratios: mean = 0.59, range = 0.49-0.82; low overall effective population size: Ne = 139.8-144 sifakas). FST comparisons between fragments (mean = 0.12, range = 0.01-0.30) supported previous findings that sifakas still moved across the fragmented landscape. Further validation of these genetic results is needed. I identified critical corridors that conservation managers could protect and/or expand via active reforestation to ensure the continued existence of this critically-endangered lemur.
Doctor of Philosophy
Worldwide, many species of primates are threatened with extinction due to habitat degradation, hunting, and climate change (habitat and climate combined threats, henceforth, "global change"). These threats work at different time scales, with hunting being the most immediate and climate change likely to have its fullest impact experienced from the present to a longer time frame. Lemurs are a type of primate found only on Madagascar, an island experiencing rapid global change, which puts lemurs at a heighted risk of extinction. My dissertation research focused on the critically endangered golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli; hereafter, "sifaka"), a species of lemur found only in a few isolated forests across a dry to wet gradient in northeastern Madagascar. To better understand their extinction risk, I conducted surveys to estimate the number of sifakas remaining and investigated several factors that might determine how many sifakas can live in one place. I then explored how sifaka diets varied depending on the forest type that they inhabit and tested whether nutrients in their food might determine sifaka numbers. Lastly, I calculated sifaka genetic diversity to assess their ability to adapt to new environmental conditions and to determine whether sifakas can move across the landscape to find new mates and to potentially colonize new areas of habitat. Sifaka densities varied widely across their range (6.8-78.1 sifakas/km2 ). Only 10,222-12,631 sifakas remain, which is 30-43% less than the range of estimates obtained 10 years ago (~18,000 sifakas). Tree cutting, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; a measure of plant health or "greenness" obtained from satellite data), and a tree species diversity index were useful measures to predict sifaka densities. Sifakas ate different plant parts (buds, flowers, fruits, seeds, and leaves) from over 101 plant species. The amount of time they spent eating each day varied by the time of year, forest type, and sex. On average, they spent a quarter of their day eating. Magnesium and potassium concentrations in sifaka food items also were useful nutrition-related measures to predict sifaka densities. Genetic analyses suggested that sifaka populations are becoming more isolated and inbred, meaning sifakas are breeding with other sifakas to which they are closely related. However, it appears that sifakas still can move between forest patches to find new mates and to potentially colonize new areas, if such areas are created. Further validation of these genetic results is needed. I also identified critical areas that will be important to protect and reforest to ensure that movements between populations can continue.

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Génin, Fabien. "Economie et conservation de l'énergie au cours du cycle saisonnier chez un primate, Microcebus murinus : approches physiologique, comportementale et écologique." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132007.

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De nombreux petits mammifères survivent à l'hiver en économisant (réduction de l'activité, hypothermie) et/ou en conservant de l'énergie (réserves de graisse). Ce type d'adaptation, caractéristique des régions froides est rencontrée chez un des plus petits Primates, le Microcèbe (Microcebus murinus), endémique de l'Ouest et du Sud de Madagascar, région marquée par une longue saison sèche hivernale. L'engraissement automnal a été étudié chez des microcèbes captifs et sauvages. Au laboratoire, il est entraîné par les jours courts et met en jeu deux mécanismes distincts ; l'un impliquant une hyperphagie et l'autre une diminution de la dépense énergétique. Ces deux phénomènes sont reproduits par l'administration de mélatonine chez des animaux maintenus en jours longs. Une hypothyroi͏̈die provoquée par l'administration d'un inhibiteur des hormones thyroi͏̈diennes entraîne une prise de poids mais celle-ci ne met en jeu aucune variation de la prise alimentaire. Le transfert en jours courts est en effet associée à une diminution du taux de thyroxine plasmatique. Une importante économie semble être réalisée par une diminution du métabolisme de base et/ou par un abaissement de la profondeur des torpeurs journalières, en particulier quand la consommation alimentaire diminue spontanément après 2 ou 4 semaines d'hyperphagie. De plus, la restriction alimentaire entraîne des torpeurs plus profondes et plus longues que les torpeurs journalières quelle que soit la photopériode, ce qui permet au Microcébe de supporter des jeûnes prolongés. Ce travail montre également pour la première fois la présence de graisse brune chez cette espèce de Primate. La thermogenèse sans frisson intervient à la fois dans la résistance au froid et dans le réveil des torpeurs. . .

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Kane, Erin Elizabeth. "The Context of Dietary Variation in Cercopithecus diana in the Ivory Coast’s Tai National Park." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1323203162.

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Soto-Calderon, Ivan D. "Evolution of Nuclear Integrations of the Mitochondrial Genome in Great Apes and their Potential as Molecular Markers." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1510.

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The mitochondrial control region (MCR) has played an important role as a population genetic marker in many taxa but sequencing of complete eukaryotic genomes has revealed that nuclear integrations of mitochondrial DNA (numts) are abundant and widespread across many taxa. If left undetected, numts can inflate mitochondrial diversity and mislead interpretation of phylogenetic relationships. Comparative analyses of complete genomes in humans, orangutans and chimpanzees, and preliminary studies in gorillas have revealed high numt prevalence in great apes, but rigorous comparative analyses across taxa have been lacking. The present study aimed to systematically compare the evolutionary dynamics of MCR numts in great apes. Firstly, an inventory numts derived from the region containing the MCR subdomains was carried out by genomic BLAST searches. Secondly, presence/absence of each candidate numt was determined in great ape taxa to estimate numt insertion rate. Thirdly, alternative mechanisms of numt insertion, either through direct mitochondrial integration or post-insertional duplications, were also assessed. Fourthly, the effect of nuclear and mitochondrial environment on patterns of nucleotide composition and substitution was assessed through sequence comparisons of nuclear and mitochondrial paralogous sequences. Finally, numts in the gorilla genome were identified through two experimental methods and their use as polymorphic genetic markers was then evaluated in a sample of captive gorillas from U.S. zoos. A deficit of MCR numts covering two particular mitochondrial subdomains was detected in all three apes examined, and is largely attributed to rapid loss of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence identity in the mitochondrial genome. Insertion rates have varied during the great ape evolution and exhibit substantial differences even between related taxa. The most likely mechanism of numt insertion is direct mitochondrial integration through Non-Homologous-End-Joining Repair. Transition/transversion ratios differed significantly between both mitochondrial and nuclear sequences and between numts from coding and non-coding mitochondrial regions. A previously documented upward bias in the GC content of the primate mitochondrial genome was confirmed and the extent of this bias relative to the corresponding numt sequences increased with numt age. Five gorilla-specific numts were isolated, including three exhibiting insertional polymorphisms that will be used in future population genetic studies in free-range gorilla.

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Buss, Gerson. "Conservação do bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) (PRIMATES, ATELIDAE) no entorno do Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/69918.

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Para avaliar a conservação das populações de bugio-ruivo no Distrito de Itapuã, Viamão/RS, entorno do Parque Estadual de Itapuã, foram realizados um levantamento de ocorrência da espécie, um levantamento dos conflitos existentes entre a população humana e os bugios, e um estudo de percepção ambiental para investigar o modo como a comunidade se relaciona com a espécie. Essas informações são relevantes para garantir a viabilidade futura das populações existentes no Parque. Constatou-se que o bugio-ruivo ainda está presente em 96,4% das quadrículas amostradas, sendo a cobertura florestal o principal fator responsável pela ocorrência da espécie. Ainda há uma relativa conectividade entre as áreas de mata, que possibilita a dispersão de indivíduos. Aparentemente, há uma metapopulação do tipo “população em manchas” no Distrito de Itapuã. O alto valor de ocorrência encontrado, pode estar indicando que o hábitat está sendo um recurso limitado. Apesar desse cenário positivo, ocorrem conflitos entre os bugios e a população humana que afetam a conservação da espécie, através de um aumento na mortalidade. Os principais tipos de conflito são “eletrocussão”, “ataque de cães” e “atropelamento”. São sugeridas ações visando minimizar esses conflitos e, possibilitar a convivência harmônica entre bugios e humanos. A população humana do Distrito de Itapuã possui uma visão bastante positiva sobre o bugio, sendo bastante tolerante à presença dessa espécie. Isso certamente afeta a conservação da espécie de uma maneira positiva. Também existe uma visão favorável, mas em menor intensidade, com relação ao Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Apesar de um certo desconhecimento, a importância da área é reconhecida pela comunidade.
To evaluate the conservation of the brown howler monkey in buffer zone of the Itapuã State Park were performed in the District of Itapuã, Viamão/RS, a survey of occurrence, a survey of the existing conflicts between humans and howler monkeys, and a study of environmental perception to investigate how the community relates to the species. This information is relevant to ensure the future viability of populations in Itapuã State Park. It was found that the brown howler monkey is still present in 96.4% of the quadrats sampled, and that the forest cover is the main factor for the occurrence of the species. There is still a relative connectivity between forested areas, which allows the dispersion of individuals. Apparently there is a metapopulation type "population patch" in the District of Itapuã. The high value of occurrence found in this study may be indicating that the habitat may be being a limited resource. Despite this positive scenario, conflicts occur between the howlers and the human population, and these conflicts may affect the conservation of the species through an increase in mortality. The main types of conflict are electrocution, attack dogs and road kill. Actions are suggested to minimize these conflicts and allow for peaceful coexistence between humans and apes. The human population of the District of Itapuã has a rather positive view on the monkey, and is quite tolerant to the presence of this species. This certainly affects the conservation of the species in a positive way. There is also a favorable view, but to a lesser degree, with respect to Itapuã State Park. Despite a certain unknown, the area's importance is recognized by the community.

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Shanee, Sam. "Conservation and ecology of Andean primates in Peru." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2013. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/a58206fb-e7ca-4322-9311-40a2c9440eb9/1.

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Since 2005 I have conducted research and community conservation programs in the cloud forests of Pacific Ecuador and northeastern Peru. My aim has been the conservation of primates and Andean ecosystems. In this thesis I aim to update knowledge of the conservation ecology of Peru’s endemic primates and relate this to the broader context of montane forests and primates in general. This thesis is based on 11 publications resulting from my research and conservation work. With each publication, I help to fill in gaps in knowledge of plant and animal ecology at high altitudes. In this thesis I put the results of my research in the context of the primatological and conservation literature. Building on the central themes of how conditions at high elevations and in degraded habitat affect primate ecology and conservation and how primates have adapted to natural and anthropogenic pressures. The major questions raised by my work are what implications do conditions at high elevation sites have for primate species? and how do species adapt to the natural and anthropogenic extinction pressures they face? This thesis introduces themes of primate conservation biology, cloud forests, political ecology and habitat conservation as they relate to Peru and in particular Peru’s cloud forests and endemic primate species. I critically examine the methods I used in my research and how they apply to our understanding of primate ecology and conservation, discussing similarities and differences between my studies and other species and habitats.

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Shedden, Gonzales Aralise Citlalli. "Using primates to establish priority conservation sites in Mexico." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2016. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/24978/.

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Suitable habitat for some of the most threatened species is dwindling fast and with limited conservation resources available, it is essential that we invest those resources in areas with great biodiversity value. The Uxpanapa Valley in Mexico is one of Mesoamerica's largest forest remnants, is considered as a main biodiversity hotspot and has recently been established as a Protected Area. However, only minimal research has been conducted on the distribution of species in the area and deforestation activities remain high. The initial management proposal lacked zonation as well as species sampling data and did not include a portion of the Uxpanapa Valley in which there are several threatened species, including two primates present in the region (Ateles geoffroyi and Alouatta palliata). The main aim of this project was to identify areas most suited to biodiversity protection and conservation based on primate distribution. This was achieved through the following steps: first, primate distribution and group sizes were established and primate presence/absence was associated with landscape attributes. Spider monkeys were found to be positively associated with tall forest. Second, threats present in the study area were quantified (fire incidents, hunting activities and natural predation) but no clear impacts of these factors were found on primate distributions. Third, the potential for primates to act as umbrella species for bat species was investigated, and a positive association was found between the distributions of endangered bats and spider monkeys. In the final analysis, all the above results were combined in a Systematic Conservation Planning approach, and Priority Conservation Sites were selected. The final output should contribute toward structuring an effective management plan for the Protected Area that will ensure maximum protection for biodiversity. Overall, this work provides information on the effectiveness of using primates for developing conservation strategies and their potential to be used as a proxy for ensuring tropical forest maintenance.

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Nijman, Vincent Johannes. "Forest (and) primates conservation and ecology of the endemic primates of Java and Borneo /." [Wageningen] : Amsterdam : Tropenbos International ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/59301.

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Bernede, Lilia. "Social Organisation, Ecology and Conservation of Loris Tardigradus Tardigradus (Lorisiformes; Primates)." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515263.

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Gupta, A. K. "Conservation ecology of primates and human impact in North East India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599790.

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The main aim in this study was to assess the subsistence needs of the local human population and the conservation needs of key wildlife species. The hypotheses under test were that the local human populations have to depend on wildlife resources for their livelihood in the absence of other suitable subsistence options, and thus may compete adversely with the ecological needs of wildlife species sharing the same habitat. As a generalist feeder, Phayre's langurs used a total of 81 plant species in their annual diet, although only 16 of these accounted for more than 75% of total feeding time. They were folivorous, but switched to fruits and seeds diet whenever needed, either due to scarcity in foliage availability, or due to their specific preference for energy rich other dietary sources. Their group size and structure, behaviour, and ranging pattern matched other small bodied langurs in the region, and were in prefect harmony with the prevailing habitat condition. Capped and golden langur groups used 44 and 53 plant species, respectively in their annual diet, and top ten species accounted for more than 55% of the total feeding time. During successive years after jhooming there was an increase in both the number of tree species and in the number of trees in fallows. Of the total 52 regenerating tree species, 26 (50%), 14 (27%), and 16 (31%) were also the food species for Phayre's capped and golden langurs, respectively. A total of 11 (21.2%) species of these were also used by the local people for their various needs. On average, 71% of total income of all the villagers surrounding the study area came from sanctuary-dependent sources also used by three primate groups. The people were aware, though, of the negative impacts of their activities on the wildlife resources inside the study area, but their requirements for these resources took precedence over the negative impacts.

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de, Jong Yvonne A. "Taxonomy, diversity, biogeography and conservation of the primates of Kenya and Tanzania." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579553.

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The complex geography of Kenya and Tanzania, together with the region's various climatic conditions, support numerous vegetation types and provide many ecological and physical barriers to the dispersal of species. Despite the generally-Iow primate diversity in the region, compared to that of the Guineo-Congolian forests of central and West Africa, Kenya and Tanzania jointly support 15 genera, 33 species and 42 subspecies of primates. Primates are a relatively well-known taxonomic group, both in Kenya and Tanzania, but to secure the long-term survival of the region's primate diversity, knowledge concerning primate biogeography, taxonomy, diversity, abundance and conservation at the subspecies level needs to be enhanced. The goal in this research programme is to contribute towards the long-term conservation of the primates of Kenya and Tanzania. The aim is to fill knowledge gaps concerning primate taxonomy, diversity, biogeography and conservation. This 'PhD by Published Work' is based on nine scientific publications, in all of which a knowledge gap essential to the conservation of the region's primates is addressed. The following is accomplished in these publications: (1) describe a new subspecies of potto (Perodicticus potto) and review the species' biogeography, taxonomy and conservation status; (2) confirm that the Somali , lesser galago (Ga/ago gallarum) deserves full species status and provide the first natural history data, as well as the first photographs and audio recordings of the loud call; (3) validate the name 'Gaiaqoides cocos' for the Kenya coast dwarf galago and provide new biogeographic data for three Ga/agoides spp. in Kenya and Tanzania; (4) provide new data, and review the biogeography and conservation status of the eastern patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas pyrrhonotus) of Kenya; (5) provide evidence in support of resurrecting the 'southern patas monkey' as a subspecies (Erythrocebus patas baumstarkii and present new biogeographic and abundance data; (6) discuss critically important conservation matters for the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) combined with a request for locality records for this species; (7) present the first records of hybridisation between two guenon genera in Kenya and the theoretical and conservation implications; (8) describe solutions for reducing human - baboon conflicts; and (9) introduce an identification and conservation tool by using modern technologies. 4

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Morelos, Juàrez Citlalli. "Conservation of brown-headed spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps) in NW Ecuador : applying an agent-based model." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65944/.

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Understanding the impacts of landscape fragmentation, degradation and hunting on arboreal species of conservation concern, such as the critically endangered brownheaded spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps), remains a major challenge in conservation biology. Current research on the population status of this primate and the area it inhabits in the Ecuadorian Choco is urgently needed to aid in the design of specific and effective conservation strategies. I surveyed the population of A. f. fusciceps in the unprotected forest cooperative Tesoro Escondido in the buffer zone of the Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve during the year 2012-2013. Using the line transect method I estimated a population density of 15.79 individuals/km2. I found an average subgroup size of 3.42 individuals and a female biased population. Identifying key food resources for critically endangered species is vital in their conservation, particularly if these resources are also targeted by anthropogenic activities such as logging. The province where A. f. fusciceps is found is also heavily dependent on commercial logging with no information available on its impacts on key feeding resources for this primate. I characterised the oristic composition of the habitat of A. f. fusciceps and estimated the availability of fruit resources for the annual cycle of 2012-2013 in sixteen 0.1 hectare vegetation plots. I determined feeding preferences for A. f. fusciceps using behavioural observations applying the Chesson ε index to identify key feeding tree species. I reviewed regional logging permits to identify species targeted for extraction by the timber industry and calculated extraction volumes in primary forest for key feeding tree species to identify potential conflict between logging and primate diet. I identified 65 fruiting tree species from 34 families that formed the diet of A. f. fusciceps . The Chesson ε index identified twelve species as preferred species with further phenological observations identifying seven species as staple foods and two palms as potential foods consumed in times of fruit scarcity. Additionally, I found that the lipid rich fruits of Brosimum utile make this an important resource for this primate throughout the year. Furthermore, of 65 feeding tree species identified for A. f. fusciceps , 35 species are also targeted as sources of timber. Five key feeding species would be depleted under current sustainable management extraction protocols while two other species would be significantly impacted in terms of local abundance. Hunting pressure on A. f. fusciceps has been reported as one of the main causes of its population decline. However, no current research on the extent of this activity or its causes was available. I carried out semi-structured interviews in nine indigenous Chachi villages, as well as two Colono towns, to evaluate the occurrence of hunting activity and to identify drivers, attitudes and behaviour of hunters. In total I interviewed 62 people, 41 Chachis and 21 Colonos. From the Chachi interviewees 93% identified themselves as hunters, with subsistence hunting the main driver for this activity and central to their culture, especially for men. Colonos identified less with this activity (only 38%), and with more varied reasons, such as commerce and conflict. Only Chachis accepted the hunting of spider monkeys, with the main reason given as their taste. Keeping spider monkeys as pets was also a regular activity prior to tougher law enforcement by the Ministry of Environment (MAE). Information on medicinal uses from spider monkeys was also gathered, as well as information of other species hunted in the area. Even though Ecuadorian law recognises the right of indigenous peoples to hunt within their territories, it also forbids hunting critically endangered species. From the interviews it is evident that information and understanding of this law has not been successfully transmitted. Determining the effects of fragmentation, hunting and habitat degradation on populations viability of this primate is crucial before investing heavily in local sustainable livelihoods and conservation initiatives. A range of fragmentation metrics are available to study habitat fragmentation, yet their relationship to survival of populations of conservation concern remains to be quantified. I applied an agent-based model (ABM), calibrated on field-collected datasets on forest fruit dynamics, behaviour and feeding ecology of A. f. fusciceps, to first identify an optimised fragmentation statistic to be used to screen satellite imagery and identify remaining priority conservation areas in unprotected, fragmented forests in NW Ecuador. I then used the ABM to further explore the combined impacts of fragmentation, hunting and logging. Mean Patch Area was the best fragmentation metric predictor of population numbers, I identified a MPA of 174.9 hectares as the cut-off point for the survival of brown-headed spider monkeys given the lowest combinations of logging activity and hunting pressure and I used it to identify priority conservation areas in NW Ecuador. Implementing conservation strategies in areas where people and nature interact is a challenging task. I designed a step by step framework for the conservation of critically endangered species. Based on my experience with Ateles fusciceps fusciceps as a case study, I present the design, assessment and implementation of different community-based strategies.

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18

Ekmekci, Onur Tunc. "Defining General Conservation Principles For Primary Schools Of Rum Minority In Istanbul." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614589/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, it is aimed to make a study on Primary Schools of Rum Minority in Istanbul, and in light of this study, to define general principles for conservation studies on these schools. Rum Minority had an important part in social and cultural life in Istanbul and in late 19th Century, their impact in the city increased with their financial power, especially in Beyoglu. Increase in number of schools they built also occurred in the same timeline. Schools built in and after this term by Rum Minority were built as important public buildings of a minority group and possess strong authenticity, technical-artistic, socio-cultural and economical values. In order to decide which values, problems and potentials these buildings bear, a site survey study is done for this thesis. Primary Schools of Rum Minority in Istanbul are among strongest solid evidences of cultural diversity in Istanbul, and Turkey. While conserving these cultural assets, considering all their values, problems, and potentialities is vital. In addition to conservation studies, interpretation and presentation are also necessary steps for reintegration of these buildings to the city. This thesis performs as an effort made to document features and current state of these schools, decide their value, problems, and potentials
and defining general conservation principles for them.

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19

Korach, Jill Karen. "The Primacy of Place: The Importance of Personal-Nature Connections for Conservation and Communities." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1574245855547205.

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20

Ellis, Christina M. "An integrated model for conservation case study on the role of women in the commercial bushmeat trade in Cameroon /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0007/MQ59545.pdf.

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21

Vale, Caroline Almeida do. "Distribuição e potencial de invasão do sagui Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) no território brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2593.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Ao longo dos anos humanos tem transportado espécies de forma proposital ou despercebida para fora de sua área natural. Espécies introduzidas podem trazer prejuízos ambientais e econômicos e são a segunda principal causa de perda da biodiversidade, sendo apenas superada pela supressão de ambientes. Os primatas sempre mantiveram uma relação muito estreita com os seres humanos facilitando com que fossem transportados para fora de seus limites naturais. A espécie Callithrix penicillata ocorre tipicamente no cerrado e é relatada como invasora em diversos estados do país, suas populações introduzidas tem se tornando um problema para a conservação devido a seu alto potencial de ocupação, predação de fauna nativa competição com congêneres nativos e hibridização. Para iniciar ações de manejo é preciso conhecer os locais já invadidos e os possíveis de invasão. Neste sentido a modelagem de distribuição potencial (MDP) baseada nos modelos ecológicos de nicho, tem se demonstrado uma maneira rápida, confiável e com baixo custo para identificar áreas com maior probabilidade de ocorrência de uma espécie. Neste estudo utilizamos a modelagem de distribuição potencial (MDP) para identificar áreas com maior probabilidade de ocorrência de uma espécie, através do software Maxent (Máxima Entropia). Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal conhecer o potencial de invasão da espécie Callithrix penicillata no território brasileiro. E como objetivos específicos conhecer a distribuição atual do sagui C. penicillata e confrontar com aquela encontrada na literatura, conhecer as áreas mais suscetíveis à invasão e discutir o problema que a introdução dessa espécie vem causando nas regiões onde é uma espécie invasora. O valor encontrado foi de AUC=0.966 para dados de treino e AUC=0.919 para os dados de teste, com valor da curva bem próximo a 1. Pelo teste Jackknife, observamos que a variável mais correlacionada a distribuição foi a sazonalidade da temperatura (AUC = 0,86), coincidindo com outros estudos que demonstram que variáveis climáticas influenciam a distribuição de primatas. As regiões mais apontadas como susceptíveis a invasão foi a Floresta Atlântica da região Sudeste seguida pelo Sul. A Floresta Atlântica por possuir alto nível de endemismo, e as regiões Sul e Sudeste por terem maior concentração demográfica, contribuem para que a invasão biológica dos saguis se torne um fator preocupante.
Over the years humans have transported species purposeful or unnoticed out of its natural range. Introduced species can bring environmental and economic damages and are the second leading cause of biodiversity loss, being surpassed only by suppressing environments. Primates have always maintained a very close relationship with humans facilitating them to be transported out of their natural limits. The Callithrix penicillata species typically occurs in the cerrado and is reported as invasive in several states of the country, its population has made becoming a problem for conservation because of its high potential for occupation, native wildlife predation and competition with native hybridization counterparts. To initiate management actions we need to know the locals already invaded and possible invasion, thus the potential distribution modeling (MDP) based on ecological models niche, it has proved a fast, reliable and cost to identify areas with greater probability of some sort. In this study we used the potential distribution modeling (MDP) to identify areas with higher probability of occurrence of a species through the Maxent software (Maximum Entropy). This work aims to know the invasion potential of the species in Brazil. And the following objectives know the current distribution of C. penicillata marmoset and confront with that found in the literature, know the areas most susceptible to invasion and discuss the problem that the introduction of this species has caused in the regions where it is an invasive species. The value found was AUC = 0.966 for training data and AUC = 0919 for the test data with the value very close to curve 1. At Jackknife test, we found that the most correlated variable distribution was seasonality temperature (AUC = 0, 86), coinciding with other studies showing that environmental factors influence the distribution of primates. The most frequently mentioned site susceptible to invasion was the Atlantic Forest of the Southeast region followed by the South. The Atlantic Forest for having high levels of endemism, and the South and Southeast regions to have higher population concentration, contribute to the biological invasion of marmosets are become a concern.

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Seppänen, A. (Annariina). "“The problem is, nobody has defined what being conservative means.”:the status of American conservatism in the rhetoric of Republican primary election debates in 2008 and 2012." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201605191808.

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This Pro Gradu Thesis examines the Republican Party (GOP) presidential nomination campaigns in the United States of America. The data for the study consists of fifteen (15) debates held during the 2008 and 2012 primary election seasons. The focus is on studying American conservatism as well as the relationship between the Republican Party and the American conservative movement as they are presented in the GOP candidates’ debate rhetoric. American conservatism is typically connected to the Republican Party, and most polls conducted in recent years have confirmed that approximately 70 percent of self-proclaimed Republicans call themselves conservative. The primary election debates are an important forum to define and refigure the party’s national agenda and political ideology. How the Republican Party defines its agenda and ideology is, of course, significant for the wider American political system. Moreover, if elected to the White House, the Republican Party’s agenda also concerns the wider world. Evidently, the status of American conservatism in the Republican Party is an important issue that deserves scholarly attention. The primary election races studied in this thesis are interesting both historically and politically. In 2008, the United States witnessed the deepest financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Furthermore, the Republican President George W. Bush’s two four-year terms had been traumatic for the unity of the American conservative movement. The Republicans lost the 2008 presidential elections, and the election of the Democratic candidate, Barack Obama, raised questions about the future of the Republican Party as well as the unity of the American conservative movement. Republican primary debates offer a relatively unexplored data for research as very little analysis has been conducted on the rhetoric in presidential primary debates. This research has a multidisciplinary approach as it combines the study of rhetoric and persuasion with the study of history and political ideology. The method used in this study is qualitative and American conservatism is discussed in relation to extracts chosen from the debates. The references to conservatism are first identified, then explained and discussed in relation to their context and in historical perspective. In addition to focusing on the definitions of conservatism, the attention is also on rhetorical detail and persuasion. The primary campaigns are compared and contrasted with each other, and the possible differences and development are analysed. Campaign tactics are also taken into consideration, and the aim is to identify the intentions underlying the candidates’ rhetoric. The analysis confirms that conservatism is seen as the heart and soul of the Republican Party and that political ideology plays a pivotal role in the candidates’ debate rhetoric. In fact, the Republican primary debates seem to have become contests to see who is the most ideologically pure of the candidates. The analysis shows that there are various and visibly different strands in the American conservative movement and therefore, it is difficult to find a comprehensive definition for the GOP conservatism. However, despite the fact that the concept of conservatism is rather vague, it does not prevent the candidates to use it in their debate rhetoric as a tool to emphasise their own political positions and values as well as a weapon against the other Republican candidates and the Democratic opponents
Tutkimukseni käsittelee Yhdysvaltain republikaanipuolueen esivaaliehdokkaiden väittelyretoriikkaa. Aineistoni koostuu viidestätoista (15) väittelystä vuosien 2008 ja 2012 esivaaleissa. Tutkin, miten republikaanipuolueen ja amerikkalaisen konservatismin välinen suhde näyttäytyy ehdokkaiden retoriikassa. Amerikkalainen konservatismi liitetään usein republikaanipuolueeseen, ja mielipidemittausten mukaan noin 70 prosenttia republikaaneista pitää itseään konservatiiveina. Esivaalit saavat suurta kansallista ja kansainvälistä huomiota, ja väittelyitä seuraavat miljoonat tv-katsojat. Esivaaliväittelyillä on tärkeä rooli puolueen agendan ja poliittisen ideologian määrittelyssä. Sillä, miten republikaanipuolue määrittelee ideologiansa ja agendansa on suuri merkitys koko Yhdysvaltain poliittiselle järjestelmälle. Yhdysvallat on kiistatta maailman merkittävin suurvalta, ja jos republikaanien edustaja valitaan Yhdysvaltain presidentiksi, puolueen agendan merkitys laajenee käsittämään entistä vahvemmin myös kansainvälisiä asioita. Amerikkalaisen konservatismin rooli republikaanipuolueessa on tärkeä ja ajankohtainen aihe, joka kaipaa tutkimusta. Tutkimani esivaalikampanjat ovat tärkeitä niin poliittisesta kuin historiallisesta näkökulmasta. Vuonna 2008 Yhdysvallat joutui rankimman talouskriisin kouriin sitten 1930-luvun Suuren laman. Lisäksi republikaanipresidentti George W. Bushin kaksi kautta olivat traumaattisia amerikkalaisen konservatiiviliikkeen yhtenäisyydelle. Republikaanit hävisivät vuoden 2008 presidentinvaalit, ja demokraatti Barack Obaman valinta herätti kysymyksen republikaanipuolueen tulevaisuudesta sekä amerikkalaisen konservatiiviliikkeen yhtenäisyydestä. Tutkimukseni on monitieteistä, ja hyödynnän gradussani niin historiantutkimuksen kuin kielitieteen menetelmiä. Tutkimukseni on laadullista, ja analyysini pohjautuu esivaaliväittelyistä poimittuihin katkelmiin. Etsin aineistosta kohtia, joissa ehdokkaat viittaavat tavalla tai toisella konservatismiin. Tämän jälkeen pyrin selittämään viittausten merkityksen ja tarkastelemaan niitä laajemmassa historiallisessa ja poliittisessa kontekstissa. Konservatismin määritelmien tutkimisen lisäksi tarkastelen esivaaliehdokkaiden käyttämiä retorisia strategioita ja suostuttelun ja taivuttelun keinoja. Lisäksi vertaan esivaalikampanjoita toisiinsa ottaen huomioon mahdolliset eroavaisuudet sekä kehityksen. Tutkimukseni osoittaa, että amerikkalainen konservatismi nähdään republikaanipuolueen sieluna, ja siitä keskustellaan aktiivisesti esivaalikampanjoiden aikana. Ehdokkaat korostavat konservatismin merkitystä retoriikassaan ja pyrkivät esittämään itsensä joukon vankkumattomimpana konservatiivina. Näkyvästä roolistaan huolimatta amerikkalaisen konservatismin määritelmä on hyvin epäselvä, ja puolueen sisällä on selkeitä ristiriitoja siitä, mitä konservatismi ylipäätään on. Sisäiset ristiriidat ovat selkeästi esillä vuosien 2008 ja 2012 esivaaliväittelyiden retoriikassa

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23

Ekmekci, Onur Tunc. "Defining General Conservation Principles Forprimary Schools Of Rum Minority In Istanbul." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615161/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, it is aimed to make a study on Primary Schools of Rum Minority in Istanbul, and in light of this study, to define general principles for conservation studies on these schools. Rum Minority had an important part in social and cultural life in Istanbul and in late 19th Century, their impact in the city increased with their financial power, especially in Beyoglu. Increase in number of schools they built also occurred in the same timeline. Schools built in and after this term by Rum Minority were built as important public buildings of a minority group and possess strong authenticity, technical-artistic, socio-cultural and economical values. In order to decide which values, problems and potentials these buildings bear, a site survey study is done for this thesis. Primary Schools of Rum Minority in Istanbul are among strongest solid evidences of cultural diversity in Istanbul, and Turkey. While conserving these cultural assets, considering all their values, problems, and potentialities is vital. In addition to conservation studies, interpretation and presentation are also necessary steps for reintegration of these buildings to the city. This thesis performs as an effort made to document features and current state of these schools, decide their value, problems, and potentials
and defining general conservation principles for them.

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24

Chagas, Renata Rocha Déda. "Levantamento das populações de callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth, 1999 em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no Sul do estado de Sergipe, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2009. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4314.

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Coimbra-Filho s titi monkey (Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth, 1999) is an endangered, but poorly-known primate that inhabits remnants of the Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian states of Sergipe and Bahia (northern coast). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of habitat fragmentation on the ecological characteristics and provide information on population density and size, and basic ecological characteristics of the species within the study area. These data were also collected for other local primate species. The survey took place at the Fazenda Trapsa in southern Sergipe, where two survey techniques were applied playbacks (in fragments of < 50 ha) and line transects (fragments > 50 ha). A total of 476.1 km of line transect was walked between april and october, 2008. Population density was estimated using the DISTANCE program and the Kelker method. Density was also calculated directly from group counts. A total of 12 groups were identified in the four large fragments surveyed. Groups of Cebus xanthosternos and Callithrix jacchus were also observed in all four fragments. The presence of Callicebus in the two smaller fragments was confirmed by playback. The overall density in the larger fragments was 12.6 individuals per km². Both DISTANCE and Kelker provided considerable over-estimates of density. The results of this study indicate the need for caution in the interpretation and comparison of density estimates in studies of titi monkeys, as well as re-emphasizing the efficiency of alternative methods for the surveying of populations in small fragments. Fazenda Trapsa appears to have a total population of around 50 titis, which may have a good chance of survival over the long term, especially if certain conservation measures are taken. The results of the study reinforce the need for the establishment of a reserve network, and the development of active metapopulation management strategies, in order to guarantee the long-term prospects for the survival of C. coimbrai.
O guigó de Coimbra-Filho (Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth, 1999) é um primata ameaçado de extinção, porém é uma espécie pouco conhecida e habita fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica no Estado de Sergipe e Bahia (litoral norte). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da fragmentação de habitat sobre suas características ecológicas, trazendo informações sobre densidade, tamanho populacional e características básicas da ecologia dentro da área de estudo. Esses dados também foram coletados para outras espécies de primatas. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Trapsa, no sul de Sergipe, onde duas técnicas de levantamento foram aplicadas - playback (fragmentos < 50 ha) e transecção linear (fragmentos > 50 ha). Foi percorrido um total de 476,1 km entre abril a outubro de 2008. Densidade populacional foi estimada através do programa DISTANCE e pelo método de Kelker. A densidade também foi calculada diretamente das contagens de grupos. Um total de 12 grupos foi identificado nos quatro maiores fragmentos levantados. Grupos de Cebus xanthosternos e Callithrix jacchus também foram observados em todos os quatro fragmentos. A presença de Callicebus nos dois fragmentos menores foi confirmada por playback. A densidade geral nos quatro fragmentos maiores foi de 12,6 indivíduos por km2. Tanto o DISTANCE quanto o Kelker forneceram super-estimativas de densidade. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam a necessidade de cautela na avaliação e comparação de estimativas de densidade de guigós, como também reenfatizou a eficiência de métodos alternativos para o levantamento de populações de guigós em fragmentos pequenos. A Fazenda Trapsa parece abrigar uma população de 50 guigós, que pode ter boas chances de sobreviver a longo prazo, principalmente se algumas medidas de conservação forem tomadas. Os resultados do estudo reforçam a necessidade para o estabelecimento de uma rede de reserva, e o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo metapopulacional ativo, a fim de garantir a longo prazo possibilidades para sobrevivência de C. coimbrai.

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Raut, Yogendra Y. "Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstock Production Using Long-Term (1999-2014) Conservation Reserve Program Land." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148344789416295.

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Hall, Jared Daniel. "Factors Influencing Annual Survival and Recovery Rates, Primary Feather Molt, and Hatch Chronology of White-winged Doves in Texas." Thesis, Tarleton State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10786716.

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Understanding survival and breeding season length of game birds are important for effective management and conservation. By determining the variables that drive survival and recovery rates for white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica), I can offer management implications to agencies across their range. There is currently little knowledge about white-winged dove molting and hatching chronology. The objectives of this study were to: 1) investigate annual survival and recovery rates of white-winged doves, 2) determine intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing them, 3) determine AHY primary feather molt rate and the factors that influence molt rate and initiation, and 4) describe hatch chronology and determine the factors that influence hatching. To understand what influences annual survival and recovery, I examined subpopulation, climate variables, urbanization characteristics, molt, and band type as covariates. I used the Brownie approach in the RMark package of R to compare annual survival and recovery models and generate estimates. I used Underhill and Zucchini models in the Moult package of R to determine AHY primary feather molt rate and the best predictors of molt rate and initiation. I analyzed molt scores of HY doves recorded during annual banding using GLMs in R to determine the factors that influence hatching. I used AIC to select the most parsimonious models for each a priori candidate set. I analyzed 71,675 bands, of which, 3,086 were recovered from 2007 – 2016. My most supported model influencing survival and recovery was [S(age class x urban intensity) f(age class X MRPP)]. Average AHY primary molt rate across Texas was 13.21 ± 0.93 days. MRPP subpopulation + Year was the most supported model influencing AHY primary molt rate, AHY molt initiation, and hatch date. Within my sample, 95% of AHY white-winged doves began molting from 7 April to 8 July and completed molt 17 August to 17 November. White-winged doves hatched as early as 6 January and as late as 27 July, with 95% of all hatching occurring between 22 March and 18 June and peaking at 5 May. Urban intensity was an important variable influencing annual survival, which is expected for such an urbanized species. MRPP subpopulations influenced vital rates and should be considered for future harvest management.

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Stafford, Ciara. "Impacts of indigenous communities on the biodiversity of neotropical rainforests." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impacts-of-indigenous-communities-on-the-biodiversity-of-neotropical-rainforests(613e8c12-bf09-428b-98fc-eacb96845bcf).html.

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This thesis explores how indigenous communities in the neotropics affect the biodiversity of the forests in which they live; and assesses how the culture, preferences and perceptions of communities can influence the outcome of this relationship. This is first investigated via a case study that compares primate populations between a protected area in the Ecuadorian Amazon and a territory in its adjacent buffer zone that is owned by an indigenous Kichwa community. I then use an ethnoprimatological approach to investigate the attitudes of this community to primates, namely looking at (a) whether primates are seen as a distinct group, (b) the relative importance of primates as sources of bushmeat and pets and (c) the perceived value of primates in terms of their value as a resource or their ecological role. I show that diurnal primates are seen as a cohesive group, but that tree-dwelling non-primates including sloths, kinkajous and tamanduas are also frequently classified as 'monkeys'. The community's perceptions of the value of primates are more closely associated with their potential as bushmeat and pets, whereas few respondents view their importance in terms of their role in the forest ecosystem. I compare our findings to those in studies of other indigenous groups and discuss how they could contribute to more effective conservation planning. Next, I assess how hunting preferences for mammals and birds vary across communities over the whole of central America, Amazonia and the Guianan shield. I show that primates, cetartiodactyls and rodents are the mammalian cornerstones of prey provision for hunters in neotropical communities, whereas Galliformes, Tinamiformes, Psittaciformes, Gruiformes, Piciformes are the most commonly hunted bird orders. The location of a community alone is a significant but weak predictor of the structure of its hunting profile in terms of order preferences. In addition, I found no relationship between a community's age and size and the average biomass of birds or mammals hunted, or the number of mammal species that are targeted. I discuss whether the age and size of communities are robust indicators of past and current hunting pressure, as well as the suitability of cross-sectional data for monitoring large-scale hunting patterns.

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Browning, Geoffrey Robinson. "Salivary Biomarkers of Acute Stress and Insulin Sensitivity in Nonhuman Primates." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1354912347.

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Sousa, Saulo Meneses Silvestre de. "Uso de diferentes fitofisionomias por macacos-prego-do-peito-amarelo Sapajus xanthosternos Wied-Neuwied 1820 em fragmento de Mata Atlântica, Sergipe, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4489.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Capuchin monkeys are frugivorous-insectivorous primates, although they can explore a wide range of food items. The availability of fruits is a key-aspect of the ecology of these primates, with direct influences over the quality of a given area for the species, and often represents the main determinant of the pattern of range use of groups. In a population-level analysis, however, the pattern of occupation of a fragment by capuchin monkeys is influenced by a broader set of factors, including structural parameters of the habitat. The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of use of different phytophysiognomies by a population of yellow-breasted capuchins in an Atlantic Forest fragment, relating to the structural aspects and fruit availability of the environment. The study area is in Itaporanga D'Ajuda (11º08'07 "S, 37º18'43" W), in the state of Sergipe, henceforth denoted by Fazenda Rio Fundo (FRF). The fragment has approximately 800 ha of native forest, associated with surrounding plantations of Eucalyptus sp. and bamboos. Among the native forest formations, the vegetation types of shrub-arboreal Restinga (RE), Mata de Tabuleiro (MT), and arboreal Restinga (mature, FM, and secondary, FS). Data collection was carried out monthly between March 2015 and February 2016. The different habitat types of the FRF were compared in relation to the availability of fruits, through phenological monitoring of tree species; and habitat structure, by analyzing its medium height, DBH, density, land cover rate and species composition of the tree community. The use of different habitats by capuchin monkeys, and the occurrence of potential predators of the species, was monitored using 31 camera traps, distributed among habitats. The FM and the FS are the habitats with greater height of canopy and ground cover rate at FRF, in addition to having a pattern of relatively continuous availability of fruit throughout the year. The areas of RE and MT, in turn, are the habitats with the highest dominance indexes in the plant community, as well as the most open and seasonal ones. From a sampling effort of 1,444 trap-day, capuchin monkeys were recorded in 430 videos in 39 separate visits. Nine of the 10 permanent sampling points in FM or FS received visits of the target-species. No record of the presence of monkeys was obtained in MT or RE. We observed that the areas of FM and FS represent preferential habitats for the yellow-breasted capuchins at FRF. This preference is related to the greater height of canopy and ground cover rate of these areas. The advantages conferred by these parameters refer to both the availability of food and support for the locomotion of the primates, and thus, protection against predation. The main threat faced by the population of S. xanthosternos at FRF refers to its limited size, which in turn, stems from the small size and high degree of isolation of the fragment. The presence of several small remaining fragments in the region, however, enables the creation of ecological corridors, which would increase the total area available for the maintenance of the yellow-breasted capuchins, contributing to the conservation of populations of the species in the state.
Macacos-prego são considerados frugívoros-insetívoros, apesar de explorarem uma vasta gama de recursos alimentares. A disponibilidade de frutos é um aspecto-chave da ecologia desses primatas, influenciando diretamente na qualidade da área para as espécies, além de frequentemente ser o principal determinante do padrão de uso da área de vida dos grupos. Numa análise em nível populacional, entretanto, o padrão de ocupação de um fragmento por macacos-prego pode ser influenciado por um conjunto mais amplo de fatores, o que inclui parâmetros estruturais do habitat. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever o padrão de uso de diferentes fitofisionomias por uma população de Sapajus xanthosternos num fragmento de Mata Atlântica, relacionando-o a aspectos estruturais e de disponibilidade de frutos do ambiente. A área de estudo fica no município de Itaporanga D’Ajuda (11º08’07”S, 37º18’43”W), no estado de Sergipe, doravante tratado por Fazenda Rio Fundo (FRF). O fragmento possui cerca de 800 ha de floresta nativa, associados a plantações de Eucalyptus sp. e bambus. Entre as formações florestais nativas, estão as fitofisionomias de Restinga arbustivo-arbórea (RE), Mata de tabuleiro (MT), e Restinga arbórea madura (FM) e secundária (FS). A coleta de dados foi realizada mensalmente entre março de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016. Os diferentes tipos de habitat da FRF foram comparados entre si em relação à disponibilidade de frutos, através do monitoramento fenológico de espécies arbóreas; e à sua estrutura, através da análise de seus valores médios de altura, DAP, densidade, taxa de cobertura do solo e composição florística de indivíduos arbóreos. A utilização dos diferentes tipos de habitat pelos macacos-prego, além da ocorrência de potenciais predadores da espécie, foi monitorada através de 31 armadilhas fotográficas, distribuídas entre os habitats. A FM e a FS são os habitats com maior altura de dossel e taxa de cobertura do solo da FRF, além de apresentarem um padrão de disponibilidade de frutos relativamente contínuo ao longo do ano. As áreas de RE e MT, por sua vez, são os habitats com os maiores índices de dominância na comunidade vegetal, e também os mais abertos e sazonais da FRF. De um esforço amostral de 1.444 armadilhas-dia, o macaco-prego foi registrado em 430 vídeos, em 39 visitas independentes. Nove dos 10 pontos amostrais fixos em FM ou FS receberam visitas da espécie-foco. Não foi obtido nenhum registro da presença dos macacos em MT ou em RE. Foi observado que na FRF as áreas de FM e FS representam habitats preferenciais para os macacos-prego-do-peito-amarelo. Essa preferência parece estar relacionada à maior altura de dossel e taxa de cobertura do solo dessas áreas. As vantagens conferidas por esses parâmetros referem-se tanto à disponibilidade de alimento, com à de suportes para a locomoção dos macacos e, por conseguinte, proteção contra predação. A principal ameaça enfrentada pela população de S. xanthosternos da FRF refere-se ao seu tamanho limitado que, por sua vez, decorre do tamanho reduzido e alto grau de isolamento do fragmento. A presença de vários pequenos fragmentos remanescentes na região, entretanto, possibilita a criação de corredores ecológicos, o que aumentaria a área total disponível para a manutenção do macaco-prego-do-peito-amarelo, colaborando para a conservação das populações da espécie do estado.

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30

Eckley, Michael C. "Aesthetic Values of Five Primary Wood Transporting Methods Common to Northern New England." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/EckleyMC2004.pdf.

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Machado, Flávia de Figueiredo. "Conservação e risco de extinção em primatas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8831.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
(Sem resumo em outra língua)
Nesta tese tive o objetivo de investigar os fatores relacionados ao risco de extinção em primatas, assim como as tendências e vieses nos esforços de pesquisas voltadas para a conservação do grupo. No primeiro capítulo, por meio de uma cienciometria, mostrei quais são os temas, abordagens e espécies mais estudadas, bem como as instituições e locais que mais realizam esses estudos. Demonstrei que os esforços de pesquisa com conservação de primatas não têm sido motivados pelo status de conservação das espécies e tamanho da sua distribuição, e sim pelo peso corporal e idade (tempo desde a sua descrição). No segundo capítulo, testei se a dieta de primatas pode predizer o risco de extinção das espécies, mensurando dieta de diferentes maneiras: amplitude de dieta, diversidade de dieta, tipo de dieta e disparidade de itens. Concluí que a dieta prediz o risco de extinção, mas apenas pela métrica de disparidade de itens, sendo que espécies capazes de consumir itens mais diferentes entre si estarão menos propensas à extinção. No terceiro e último capítulo, avaliei os padrões de risco de extinção em primatas. Incluí variáveis intrínsecas e extrínsecas em modelos que particionam a variância em componentes espaciais, filogenéticas e independentes. Mostrei que espécies próximas na filogenia e no espaço tendem a apresentar status de ameaça semelhantes. Além disso, encontrei que a região Madagascar é a pior para os primatas e que o tempo de desmame, tamanho da distribuição geográfica e fatores como “human footprint” e pobreza humana influenciam no risco de extinção das espécies. Por fim, demonstrei que o espaço possui grande influência no risco de extinção de primatas, não devendo ser ignorado nesse tipo de análise.

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Kul, Fatma Nursen. "A New Approach For Defining The Conservation Status Of Early Republican Architecture, Case Study: Primary School Buildings In Izmir." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611759/index.pdf.

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International discussions on the conservation of the twentieth-century architectural heritage emphasize the diversity of the whole of the built environment of the entire century, rather than limiting consideration to canonic examples of the architectural historiography during the identification and assessment of the properties to be conserved. In contrast to this international holistic and inclusive approach, the approach to the identification and assessment of the properties in Turkey has in general been selective and exclusive. The early Republican architectural heritage of Turkey is defined through canonical examples drawn from the architectural historiography. On the other hand, more modest, anonymous examples, which constitute the great majority of the built environment of the period, are excluded from conservation status. The main argument of this dissertation is that the current exclusive approach, which selects only some important properties for conservation according to their physical characteristics, is far from understanding the political, institutional and social transformations of the early Republican period, as well as the role of architecture in this transformation. On the basis of this idea, a new assessment approach is proposed in this dissertation which could enable to gain conservation status to the whole diversity of early Republican architecture including more modest examples as well as the canonical ones. Contrary to the current exclusive approach which assesses the end product of a process according to its physical characteristics, the proposed approach is inclusive, taking into consideration the formation and usage processes with all their participating meanings and values and considering these processes along with the final physical form of the building itself. The proposed new approach is tested here on the specific case of the primary school buildings of Izmir, the great majority of which are currently remain out of conservation status due to their rather modest physical qualifications. The dissertation concludes that these buildings are an integral part of the education policies of the early Republican period, of the cultural and social transformations informed by these policies, and of the role of architecture in this process, and that these buildings are the tangible evidences of the meanings and values of this formation process. It then goes on to reveal the necessity of understanding the formation process through extensive research in order to be able to incorporate these meanings and values into the assessment phase.

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Jones, Jennifer Lee. "Dynamics of conservation and society the case of Maputaland, South Africa /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01192007-111257.

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Emond, Dominique. "Le conflit socio-cognitif et l'apprentissage de la conservation des quantités chez les enfants en troubles d'apprentissage de niveau primaire /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1989. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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McDermott, Brian. "Self determination and ecological sustainability : the Australian environment movement's response to the primacy claims of First People in this country /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm134.pdf.

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Visagie, Ronald Arnold. "Integrating local indigenous knowledge in the teaching of water conservation by senior primary school Natural Science teachers: a Namibian case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6907.

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The conservation of biodiversity to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations is a cornerstone for sustainable development. In response to this, one of the aims of Basic Education in Namibia is to develop an environmentally friendly society which has a concern for the conservation of water. Thus, the National Curriculum of Basic Education [NCBE], 2010, p. 8) expects Grade 6 Natural Science learners to be competent in using simple scientific models, methods and skills to make scientific sense of the natural environment; and most importantly for the learners to relate the implications of this scientific understanding to their personal and social health and the sustainable use of all natural resources for future generations. Additionally, teachers are encouraged to make innovative use of various knowledge systems including indigenous knowledge. However, there is no mention of how teachers should make use of local indigenous knowledge (IK) when teaching the topic on water conservation in particular. It is against this backdrop that in this study I sought to understand how two Grade 6 Natural Science teachers use local indigenous knowledge in their classrooms to teach the topic of water conservation. This interpretive case study was carried out in collaboration with a rural community in the Erongo region. Data were collected in three stages. The first stage was the gathering of information through document analysis to strengthen my context. Documents such as the National Curriculum, Science Curriculum, Syllabi, Grade 6 Natural Science textbooks and SATs results were analysed to gain some insight and understanding of the issue before conducting interviews. In the second phase of this study I conducted semi-structured interviews with the Topnaar community members and two teachers. This was followed by classroom observations. Additionally, I used stimulated recall interviews (SRI) to provide clarity on how teachers use prior knowledge and mediate learning when teaching the topic water conservation using indigenous knowledge. The study is informed by Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory in conjunction with Shulman’s (1986) pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Since a classroom is a social unit where interactions occur between teachers and learners, and learners and learners, these theories provided a useful lens for observing lessons and analysing teachers’ content knowledge and how they mediate learning using local indigenous knowledge. A thematic approach to data analysis was adopted and qualitative data were analysed inductively. The findings of the study revealed that the indigenous knowledge amongst the Topnaars are governed by the ideals of Ubuntu. Findings also revealed that proper planning is needed to incorporate IK into science lessons as it may clear up misconceptions that may arise from indigenous knowledge. The study recommends that teachers and curriculum planners should explore different indigenous practices that are linked to the topics in the curriculum or syllabus to enhance learning and teaching in their science classrooms. It also recommends that curriculum developers, with the help of subject advisors, teachers and community members, should start planning on how indigenous knowledge can best be integrated into science textbooks as it has become a hindrance for the teachers to incorporate it.

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37

Brennan, Audrey. "Primaries : a dress rehearsal for the election? : analyzing the conservative party of Canada's 2016-2017 leadership primary." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32540.

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Primaire: une répétition générale pour l’élection? La sélection des chefs de partis de façon décentralisée étant un phénomène récent au Canada, en quoi cette nouvelle formule de sélection se distingue d’une campagne électorale? Ce projet est une étude d’un cas actuel soit, la course à la chefferie du Parti conservateur du Canada. À l’aide d’une analyse de contenu médiatique, de données issues des réseaux sociaux et d’entretiens semi-dirigés, nous tentons de répondre à la question suivante: Comment est-ce que les règles de la course à la direction 2016-2017 du Parti conservateur duCanada influencent-elles la perspective électorale du parti. La loi d’airain deMichels (1915c) suggère qu’en raison du manque d’intérêt des électeurs, les partis centralisent leurs organisations de plus en plus complexes autour des chefs de partis politiques. Trois composantes conduisent à l’oligarchisation des partis politiques dans les démocraties: la psychologie des candidats; le besoin d’organisation; et la psychologie des masses (Michels, 1915c, 516). Ce projet met à jour et teste la loi de d’airain. La campagne à la chefferie du Parti conservateur du Canada n’est pas une répétition générale pour les élections. Celle-ci est une audition. Il s’agit de choisir qui seront les principaux acteurs de l’élection, aucune répétition générale nécessaire. Il s’agit de préparer la mise en scène, d’écrire le scénario et de choisir qui sera le metteur en scène lors de la répétition générale. Celle-ci débutera réellement lor du congrès du parti qui aura lieu à l’été 2018. Une année après la sélection du nouveau chef.
Primaries: A Dress Rehearsal for the General Election? Since the selection of party leaders in a decentralized manner is a recent phenomenon in Canada, how is this new selection procedure different from an election campaign? This project is a study of a current case, the leadership selection of the Conservative Party of Canada. The research question is: How do the rules of the Conservative Party of Canada’s 2016-2017 leadership race influence the electoral prospect of the party? It is answered using an analysis of media content, data from social networks, and semistructured interviews. Michels’ (1915c) Iron Law of Oligarchy suggests that due to the lack of interests of voters, parties have centered their increasingly complex organizations around leaders. Three components lead to the oligarchization of political parties in democracies: the psychology of candidates; the need for organization; and the psychology of the masses (Michels, 1915c, 516). This project updates and tests the Iron Law. The Conservative Party of Canada’s leadership campaign is not a dress rehearsal for the general election. This leadership primary is more like an audition. It is about choosing who will be the key players at the election, no dress rehearsal needed. It is about setting the scene, writing the plot and choosing who will lead the party at the dress rehearsal. Which will really begin during the policy convention that follows the leadership selection in the summer of 2018.

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Lotz, Heila Betrie. "The development of environmental education resource materials for junior primary education through teacher participation : the case of the We Care Primary project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55264.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1996.
One copy microfiche.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The We Care Primary project is a participatory materials development research project, grounded through a socio-historical location of the research question in the assumptions and ideals of the critical inquiry paradigm and socially critical environmental education. This research represents an atlemptto clarifY the assumptions and orientations of socially critical environmental education as a possible 'tangible alternative' to modernist models of environmental education and educational change in a South African context. Through this project environmental education materials development emerged as a reflexive and responsive process of change in which I was able to work with teachers with in local contexts to develop resource materials which may contribute to the development of quality education and the transformation of the junior primary school phase. The emerging central thesis of this report is an ongoing questioning of the notion of participation, and a realisation of the complexities of establishing conditions for authentic participation in materials development, curriculum development and research contexts, Phase one of this research report describes a journey of inquiry toward" socially critical environmental education. This phase portrays a growing understanding of environmental education and is focused on the development of a participatory orientation to materials development. Phase two of this research journey illustrates a critical and reflexive stance to the 'weaknesses' identified in the first phase of the project. The interdependence of curriculum development, materials development and in service teacher education is explored. This phase of the research is presented as a journey with in socially critical environmental education and reflects ongoing praxis and engagement with in the assumptions of critical theory and socially critical environmental education. In phase two and three, the development of a critically reflexive stance to the assumptions guiding this study is described, and a shift in possible research orientations is highlighted. Further possibilities for research journeys beyond socially critical environmental education are presented in phase three through a tentative critique of the first two phases of this research project. This research report offers a brief insight into some of the complexities of change in the formal education sector. It demonstrates that confronting the challenges and complexities of change in realistic and meaningful ways is possibly one of the most daunting realities facing South Africans as we begin to respond to the many legacies of apartheid ideologies, modernisation, a history of mis-education and poor education, decades of social separation and increasing socioecological degradation and risk.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Ons Gee Om Primer-projek is 'n navorsingsprojek in deelnemende hulpbronontwikkeling, gegrond op die sosio-historiese plasing van die navorsingsvraag binne die aannames en ideale van die kritiese navorsingsparadigma en sosiaal-kritiese omgewingsopvoeding. Die navorsing verteenwoording 'n poging om die aannames en orienlasies van sosiaa/-kriliese omgewingsopvoeding as moonllike 'Iasbare a/lemalief' vir modemisliese modelle van omgev.'ingsopvoeding and opvoedingsverandering binne 'n Suid Afrikaanse konleks Ie verk/aar. Deur hierdie projek het hulpbronontwikkeling na yore gekom as 'n refleksiewe en responsiewe proses van verandering, waardeur ek mel onderwysers kon werk mel in plaaslike kontekse om hulpbronmateriaal te ontwikkel wat moontlik kan bydra tot die ontwikkeling van die kwaliteit van opvoeding en die transformasie van die junior primere skoolfase. Die sentrale tese van hierdie verslag is 'n voortdurende bevraa!:,rtekening van die idee van deelname, en 'n hesefvan die komp/eksileile daarvan om loeslande Ie skep wal ware dee/name verseker in hulpbronontwikkeling, kurrikulumontwikkeling en navorsingsverbande. Fase een van hierdie navorsingsverslag beskryf 'n reis van ondersoek op weg 110 sosiaal-kritiese omgewingsopvoeding. Die fase skets 'n toenemende begrip van omgewingsopvoeding en fokus op die ontwikkeling van 'n deelnemende orientasie tot hulpbronontwikkeling. Fase Iwee van hierdie navorsingsreis illustreer 'n kritiese en refleksiewe houding ten opsigte van die 'swak plekke' wat in die eerste fase ge"identifiseer is. Die interafhanklikheid van kurrikulumontwikkeling, materiaalontwikkeling and die indiensopleiding van onderwysers word ondersoek. Hierdie fase van die navorsing word voorgestel as 'n reis mel in sosiaal-kritiese omgewingsopvoeding en weerspieel voortdurende praksis en 'n betrokkenheid by die aannames van kritiese teorie en sosiaal-kritiese omgewingsopvoeding. Infases Iwee en drie word die ontwikkeling van 'n krities-refleksiewe houding ten opsigte van die aannames van hierdie studie beskryf, en 'n verskuiwing in moontlike navorsingsorientasies word uitgelig. Verdere moontlikhede vir navorsingsreise verby sosiaal-kritiese omgewingsopvoeding word infase drie uitgewys deur 'n tentatiewe kritiek op die eerste twee fases van die navorsingsprojek. Hierdie navorsingsverslag bied 'n vlugtige kykie na van die kompleksiteite van verandering in die formele onderwyssektor. Dit wil blyk dat 'n realistiese en betekenisvolle reaksie op die uitdagings en kompleksiteite van verandering moontlik een van die gedugste realiteite is waarmee Suid-Afrikaaners te kampe het in ons pogings om te reageer op die vele nalatings van apartheidsideologiee, modernisasie, 'n geskiedenis van wanopvoeding en swak opvoeding, dekades van sosiale skeiding en toenemende sosio-ekologiese degradasie en risiko's.

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García, Navarro Ana Maria. "Patrons d'activitat i proxèmia en l'avaluació del benestar en goril·les captius (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666985.

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Aquesta tesi sorgeix com a resposta als principals problemes de benestar que poden afectar a la majoria d’animals que viuen en zoològics i aquaris. En concret, ha estat motivada per la complexitat que suposa mantenir grans simis en unes condicions òptimes. En aquest context, l’objectiu general d’aquest treball recau en la cerca de models d’avaluació que puguin ajudar a millorar o complementar els plans d’actuació i conservació, ja existents, en goril·les de costa captius. L’estudi observacional sobre les mostres de goril·les de costa es va dur a terme en dues institucions: el Zoo de Barcelona i el d’Apenheul Primate Park (Holanda). Finalment, es van analitzar un total de 303 hores repartides en 5 grups mixtes (4 a Barcelona i 1 a Apenheul) i un mascle dominant solitari. Es va realitzar una comparació transversal entre grups, tractant cada grup com un cas, i una avaluació intra grup, en un grup familiar en els seus diferents estadis (comparació pre-post). Posteriorment es van comparar els nostres resultats amb la literatura prèvia. Així doncs, no es van trobar diferències significatives entre els resultats obtinguts en llibertat en l’estació “High Frugivory” (HF) i els nostres grups estudiats. Això confirmaria que la complexitat dels espais naturalitzats, els grups socials i el maneig que ofereixen les dues institucions zoològiques, asseguren les oportunitats perquè es puguin donar els patrons d’activitat, més ajustats, als observats en els medis naturals. A més, tampoc es van trobar diferències significatives entre l’IEI (índex d’espai per individu) i els patrons de conducta i proxèmia, el què suggeriria que l’espai disponible dels nostres grups, no sembla comprometre el benestar dels goril·les estudiats. En resum, els resultats obtinguts d’aquest treball reafirmen la importància que té la composició i densitat social en grups de goril·les de costa en captivitat, factors que també serveixen com a bons indicadors de benestar. Efectivament, formar grups familiars estables en el temps, amb variabilitat de classes socials i d’una densitat adequada a la qualitat i l’espai de les instal·lacions disponibles, és imprescindible per assolir èxit en la conservació ex situ d’aquesta espècie. Així mateix, la història prèvia dels individus i el rol que exerceixen els mascles dominants, desenvolupen un paper fonamental en la formació i cohesió d’aquests grups.
This thesis arises as a response to the main welfare problems that can affect most animals living in zoos and aquariums. In particular, it has been driven by concern about the complexity involved in keeping great apes in optimal conditions. In this context, the overall objective of this work is to search evaluation models that may help to improve or complement the existing action and conservation plans intended for western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in captivity. With this aim, an observational study on samples of western lowland gorillas has been carried out in two institutions: the Barcelona Zoo and the Apenheul Primate Park (the Netherlands). A total of 303 hours of recordings have been analyzed spread over 5 mixed groups (4 in Barcelona and 1 in Apenheul) and a single dominant male. A cross-sectional comparison between groups, treating each one as a case, has been carried out, as well as an intragroup assessment within a family group along its various stages (pre-post comparison). Later, our findings have been compared with those of the previous literature. No significant differences have been found between the results obtained in the High Frugivory (HF) season and the groups studied. This would confirm that the complexity of naturalized areas, social groups and the management offered by the two zoological institutions, can ensure the opportunities involved in the performance of patterns of activity quite similar to those observed in the natural environment. Neither do we found significant differences between the spatial proximity index between individuals and patterns of behavior and proxemics. This would suggest that the available space for our groups, does not compromise the welfare of the gorillas studied. In summary, the results of this study confirm the importance of social composition and density in groups of western lowland gorillas in captivity. Likewise, these factors may serve as good indicators of their welfare. Indeed, the composition of family groups stables in time, with variability of social classes and a social density appropriate to the quality and the facilities available, is essential to achieve success in the ex situ conservation of this species. At the same time, the previous history of the individuals and the role exerted by dominant males play a fundamental role in the formation and cohesion of these groups.

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Mtoba, Wilhelmina Nyameka. "Relationship between methods of training and levels of intelligence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17129.

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Bibliography: pages 102-115.
The purpose of the study was to explore the feasibility of training conservation skills to a group of Black 7 - 8 year old children enrolled in a primary school in the Gugulethu township, a Black residential area in the Cape. From a group of 100 children, 60 subjects were selected on the basis of failure to conserve as measured by Piagetian conservation tasks. One of the conservation tasks was employed for training the subject to be able to conserve. A pre-test/post-test experimental design was used in a six phase experiment; assessment of possession of conservation concepts through the aid of Piagetian tasks of conservation of substance, weight, number and length; assessment of intelligence with the aid of the New South African Individual Scale; assessment of mental ability using the Draw-a-person test; group training with different methods of teaching on length conservation; immediate post test to determine effectiveness of training and transfer to other tasks and a delayed post-test to four weeks after training to assess retention of training effects.

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Lokschin, Luisa Xavier 1982. "A distribuição espaço-temporal de bugio-ruivo (Alouatta clamitans) (Primates, Atelidae) em gradiente urbano-rural no sul do Brasil." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315855.

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Orientadores: Eleonore Zulnara Freire Setz, Fernando Gertum Becker
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: As características de fragmentos florestais e seu contexto podem contribuir para a manutenção de populações de primatas, assim como mudanças na paisagem ao longo do tempo podem alterar sua distribuição. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar se características de fragmentos florestais e seu contexto na paisagem são determinantes na distribuição de Alouatta clamitans bem como relacionar padrões de mudanças na paisagem ao longo do tempo com a distribuição da espécie, em uma grande cidade no sul do Brasil (Porto Alegre, RS). Dados de presença e ausência da espécie foram obtidos na região de estudo em quadrículas de 25 ha. Os dados de quadrículas foram convertidos para presença/ausência de bugios nos fragmentos florestais. As variáveis (área, forma, isolamento, antropização, distância de via e de urbanização) foram obtidas por ferramentas de geoprocessamento para os 214 fragmentos. Para a análise da distribuição temporal da espécie, a presença/ausência de bugios em 65 quadrículas foi comparada em dois momentos no tempo (1995 e 2010). Obtivemos variáveis de mudança na paisagem através de ferramentas de geoprocessamento, com base em fotografias aéreas e imagens de satélite. Os fragmentos de mata com bugios são em menor número, mais conectados e estão em contexto menos antropizado. Em 63% das quadrículas houve persistência de bugios, em 3% desaparecimento, em 26% colonização e em 8% manutenção de ausência. As mudanças ocorridas na paisagem não estão diretamente relacionadas com a variação na distribuição da espécie. Os bugios estão distribuídos em boa parte dos remanescentes florestais do município, em fragmentos grandes, conectados e em contexto menos antropizado e se mantém, pelo período de 15 anos, num mosaico de paisagem com fragmentos florestais em contexto predominantemente rural
Abstract: Forest fragment characteristics and context may contribute to the persistence of primate population, as well as landscape alteration in time can change their distribution. Our objective is to identify which are those forest fragments and context characteristics that determine the distribution of Alouatta clamitans and also relate landscapes changes in 15 years time with changes in the species distribution in Porto Alegre, RS. The species has been recorded in the municipality in 25 ha squares. Howler monkey presence or absence data in squares were transposed to forest fragments. Areas, shape, isolation, anthopization and distances from roads and urban areas were obtained by geoprocessing tools. Sixty five squares were visited twice, in 1995 and in 2010 to verify changes in howler monkey distribution. Landscape change analysis was made by geoprocessing tools based on aerial photos and satellite images. There are more fragments with howlers' presence than without, and they are also larger, less isolated and in context less anthropized than those where howlers were absent. In 63% of the squares howlers persisted, in 3% they disappeared, 26% were colonized and kept absent in 8%. There were little changes in the landscape, and they're not related to changes in howlers' distribution. Landscape mosaics, with natural and rural areas seem to contribute to the occurrence, and persistence, of the species. Conservation strategies should keep large and connected areas in predominant rural landscapes
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ecologia

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Sethusha, Mantsose Jane. "How primary school learners conceptualize the environment and environmental education." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10022007-134249/.

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Diop, David. "Les origines intellectuelles de la philosophie politique dans l'encyclopedie de diderot et d'alembert : variations sur l'idee d'une primaute de la loi naturelle de conservation de soi." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040024.

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Dans l'encyclopedie de diderot, d'alembert et jaucourt, la politique est soumise par principe a la morale. Mais a ce principe, suscite par la crainte du despotisme, se substitue souterrainement un autre, commande cette fois par le desir de faire de la politique un objet de connaissance scientifique : celui de la primaute de la loi naturelle de conservation de soi. Or, ce principe herite de hobbes et des jurisconsultes, est difficilement conciliable avec la morale. Pourtant diderot, et dans une certaine mesure jaucourt, tente de doter la conservation de soi d'une dimension altruiste afin de concilier le droit naturel et la morale. Craint-il que l'excroissance rationnelle de la politique, la science economique, ne forge une image reductrice de l'homme susceptible d'offrir au pouvoir d'autres instruments d'alienation? de fait, la fascination qu'exerce la rigueur des sciences exactes sur une "science de l'homme" telle que la science politique, aboutit a l'elaboration d'un concept schematique de la nature humaine, caracterisee par un "amour-propre" excessif, que recuse en partie la philosophie politique de l'encyclopedie. Ainsi, le discours encyclopedique, lieu propice aux systematisations, dramatise la confrontation entre la politique, la morale et la raison
In the encyclopaedia by diderot, d'alembert and jaucourt, politics is on principle submitted to morals. But this principle, engendered by fear of despotism, is surreptitiously substituted by another, this time generated by the wish to make politics into a subject of scientific knowledge : the principle of the primacy of the natural law of self-preservation. That principle, inherited from hobbes and the jurisconsults is not easily compatible with morals. Yet diderot, and to a certain extent jaucourt, attempts to endow self-preservation with an altruistic dimension in order to reconcile natural law with morals. Does he fear that the rational excresence on politics, the economical science, may forge a reducing picture of man which could provide the power with other means of alienation? in fact, the fascination which the rigour of exact sciences exerts on a "science de l'homme" like the political science, leads to the elaboration of a schematic concept of human nature, characterized by an excessive "self-respect" which the political philosophy of the encyclopaedia partly contests. Thus the encyclopaedic discourse, a favourable place for systematization, emphasizes the confrontation of politics, morals and reason

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DIATTA, MALAINY. "Mise en defens et techniques agroforestieres au sine saloum (senegal) : effets sur la conservation de l'eau, du sol et sur la production primaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR10006.

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Le programme pluridisciplinaire de "gestion des ressources naturelles au sine saloum" conduit conjointement par l'isra, le cirad et l'orstom a revele la fragilite du milieu naturel des terroirs villageois de la communaute rurale de thysse kaymor, a trente kilometres de nioro du rip au sud du sine saloun (senegal). La conjonction d'une secheresse sans precedent et d'une expansion demographique a entraine un deboisement massif d'un plateau cuirasse et declenche un ruissellement generalise qui detruit progressivement les terres arables en aval. Dans ce contexte defavorable, la stabilisation de l'erosion hydrique a travers une maitrise du ruissellement au niveau des hauts de versants, par la reconstitution des couverts vegetaux naturels et par des microbarrages permeables represente un objectif essentiel pour la conservation de l'eau et des sols dans la zone du sine saloum. On s'interesse ici aux effets des amenagments conservatoires sur la structure et le fonctionnement du milieu a l'echelle integre de bassins versants du terroir villageois de keur diankosonklorong. Trois techniques d'amenagement ont ete testees en fonction des contraintes biophysiques et socio-economiques du milieu. Il s'agit d'une mise en defens sur les hauts de versants du plateau residuel, d'un cordon pierreux en contrebas de l'affleurement cuirasse et d'un maillage de l'espace cultive a l'aide de haies vives isophypses. Les resultats obtenus montrent la possibilite d'intervenir efficacement sur les principaux facteurs de degradation, en ameliorant la stucture du milieu et son fonctionnement. Parmi tous les enseignements, on retient que : l'evolution de la strate ligneuse s'est traduite par une augmentation de 50% du nombre d'especes, par une multiplication par deux ou plus de la densite du peuplement. La phytomasse aerienne herbacee est 1. 5 a 3 fois superieure a celle des parcelles temoins. Les mesures de ruissellement montrent que la lame d'eau ecoulee sur les defens est trois fois inferieure a celle des temoins. Les haltes vives participent aussi a la reduction des transferts d'eau et a l'augmentation de l'infiltration avec amelioration du profit phydrique sur une distance de 4 metres de part et d'autre de la ligne d'arbustes. Ces resultats confirmes par des donnees a l'echelle du bassin versant montent qu'il est possible de reduire signifcativement le ruissellement et le transport solide par mise en defens des versants boises du plateau residuel cuirasse et sa capacite erosive par des microbarrages permeables (cordon pierreux et haie vive). Mots-cles : senegal - sine saloum - thysse kaymor - bassin versant - ruissellement - erosion
- agroforesterie - mise en defens - haie vive - cordon de pierres isra, cirad and orstom revealed the soils natural envirenment fragility of thysse kaymor, a rural community which lies 30km away from nioro du rip to the south of sine satoum (senegal). Both an unprecedented drought and a population increase have brought about an important deforestation of a terricrust table and have provoked a widespread run off which was progressively destroying the cultivable soils below. In this dusadventaged context, the hydric erosion stabilization represent a main objectif for water and soils conservation in sine saloum southern zone : through the run-off control at the hight sides level by means of pervious micro dams and the humus reformation. Here, we focus on the protective improments on the environment's structure and functioning at an integrated scale of keur dianko-sonkorong catchment basin. We've tested 3 techniques of improvments according to the environment biophysical and socioeconomical contraints : on one hand we've protected high sides of the residuel ferricrust table with a stony cordon, on the other hand we've structured the cultivated spaces with contour quickset hedges. Presents results show the possibility to act effectively on the main elements of erosion, by improving the environment structure and functionong. We can learm among all these lessons that : the ligneous stratum evolution is conveyed by a 50% rise of the species, a doubling or more of the population density. The aerial and herbaceous phytomass is 1,5 to 3 times than the check plots of land. The run-off's measurements demonstrate that the flow on the defens is 3 times is 3 times inferior to the check. The quickset-hedges help to water conveys'reduction and to percolation increase with the hydrous profite betterment over 4 m away on either side of the small shurbes. These results confirmed by data on the side basius scale prove that we can significantly reduce the run-off, the strong convey and the residuel ferricrust table by pestecting the woody sides and it's erosvie potentiality with permeable micro dams (stony cordon and quickset-hedges). Keywores = senegal - sine-saloum - thysse-kaymor side basin - run-off - erosion - agrogoresterie protection - quickset hedges - stondy cords

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Schubert, Rob Luken. "The Conservative Nature of Primate Positional Behavior: Testing for Locomotor and Postural Variation in Colobus vellerosus and Cercopithecus campbelli lowei at Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary, Ghana." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1297957883.

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Ayala, Burbano Paola Andrea. "Variabilidade genética e verificação de paternidade da colônia cativa do mico-leão-preto (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) (Primates, Callithricidae) utilizando marcadores microssatélites." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8915.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The main goal of any captive breeding program consists is maximizing the conservation of genetic diversity. Groups kept in captivity are particularly susceptible to the loss of genetic diversity, inbreeding depression and adaptation to captivity, due to their small size. The genetic characterization of wild and captive populations is an important tool both to minimize these impacts and for the conservation of these species, since it enables the development of management strategies aimed at maintenance of genetic diversity. In this context, the main objective of the study was to evaluate genetic variability and paternity for animals of black lion tamarin from Centro de Primatología do Rio de Janeiro, Fundacão Parque Zoológico de Sao Paulo, Parque Ecológico de Sao Carlos and 14 specimen belonging to the Durrell Conservation Trust in England using 15 microsatellite loci. The results of the allelic richness and expected heterozygosity showed similar values of alleles numbers and heterozygosity when compared with other species of Callitrichidae. Factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed greater homogeneity among captive animals than wild animals from Capão Bonito. The captive groups showed no differentiation among them and high differentiation from the wild Capão Bonito population. The data obtained herein are fundamental to increase the knowledge in genetic aspects of tamarins and support breeding programs to prevent loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding.
Maximizar a conservação da diversidade genética é um dos principais objetivos de qualquer programa de reprodução em cativeiro. Por serem de pequeno tamanho, grupos mantidos em cativeiro são particularmente suscetíveis à perda de diversidade genética, depressão endogâmica e adaptação ao cativeiro. Na tentativa de minimizar tais impactos, a caracterização genética de populações de vida livre e de cativeiro, torna-se uma importante ferramenta para a conservação destas espécies, uma vez que possibilita o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo que visem à manutenção de níveis adequados de diversidade genética. Neste contexto o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar através de 15 loci microssatélites, os níveis de variabilidade genética e paternidade dos animais mantidos em cativeiro no Brasil, no Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, Parque Ecológico de São Carlos e 14 espécimenes que faziam parte do Durrell Conservation Trust na Inglaterra. Os resultados referentes à riqueza alélica e heterozigosidade esperada mostraram que há uma representação similar nos valores de alelos e heterozigosidade quando comparado com outras espécies de Calitriquídeos. A análise de correspondência fatorial (FCA) mostrou que os grupos em cativeiro do Brasil apresentaram maior homogeneidade, quando comparados a um grupo de vida livre proveniente da região de Capão Bonito (São Paulo) e aos 14 indivíduos que representam ao grupo em cativeiro do zoológico de Durrell. O alto grau de parentesco entre os animais em cativeiro evidencia baixa diferenciação entre os grupos pertencentes às diferentes instituições brasileiras estudadas. Os grupos de cativeiro do Brasil, no entanto, mostraram-se divergentes dos animais de Capão Bonito. As informações obtidas neste trabalho são fundamentais para aumentar o conhecimento sob aspectos genéticos dos micos-leões-pretos e subsidiar planos de reprodução assistida que visem minimizar a perda de diversidade genética e a endogamia.

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47

Pereira, Daniel Gomes. "Densidade, genética e saúde populacional como ferramentas para propor um plano de controle e erradicação de invasão biológica: o caso de Callithrix aurita (Primates) no Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, RJ, Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2381.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A introdução de espécies em locais fora de sua distribuição natural é uma preocupação importante na conservação da biodiversidade. A espécie Callithrix aurita é endêmica das regiões de floresta de altitude da Mata Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil. Os critérios mais relevantes que a enquadram como espécie ameaçada de extinção são: destruição do habitat, incapacidade de adaptação a florestas secundárias degradadas, declínio populacional, distribuição restrita e introdução de espécies exóticas invasoras. Estes critérios, aliados à evidente raridade, explicam a sua inclusão na Lista Oficial de Espécies da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçadas de Extinção. Os objetivos do trabalho são: estimar o tamanho populacional de C. aurita, C. penicillata e seus híbridos no Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, avaliar a hibridação entre as espécies por caracteres morfológicos e laboratoriais, verificar o estado de saúde e confirmar a participação de C. aurita na paternidade dos animais capturados, propor um plano de erradicação e de controle de invasão de C. penicillata no Parque. Os tamanhos populacionais das duas espécies de primatas foram estimados através do método Distance Sampling. Um total de sete sagüis foi capturado com armadilhas de captura viva para a contenção física e química e posterior realização dos procedimentos. Para o hemograma, as dosagens bioquímicas e as análises genéticas, o sangue foi recolhido em um tubo de ensaio contendo anticoagulante e mantido em temperatura de refrigeração até o momento da manipulação / processamento das amostras. Callithrix aurita parece estar bem preservada apenas na área do Parque correspondente ao trecho situado no município de Petrópolis. As análises citogenéticas e moleculares dos híbridos são uma ferramenta útil para confirmar se há ou não hibridação, identificando as espécies envolvidas e verificando se há tendência nos retrocruzamentos. Pode-se sugerir que existe uma tendência à diferenciação das espécies e identificação de indivíduos híbridos pelo padrão hematológico e bioquímico, a ser confirmada com uma amostragem maior de animais da espécie C. aurita, preferencialmente da mesma localidade e nas mesmas condições. No caso de C. aurita, as principais recomendações para sua conservação incluem pesquisas para o registro de outras populações em áreas de distribuição livres de invasão, para que se possa avaliar as chances de recuperação populacional e sobrevivência da espécie. A criação de novas Unidades de Conservação deve ser estimulada, assim como estudos mais aprofundados sobre a espécie nos locais já conhecidos de ocorrência, além de um programa seguro de criação em cativeiro.
The introduction of species in places outside their natural distribution is an important concern in biodiversity conservation. Callithrix aurita is endemic in regions of high-altitude forests of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil. The most relevant criteria of fitting as endangered species are: habitat destruction, inability to adapt to degraded secondary forests, population decline, restricted distribution and introduction of invasive alien species. These criteria, coupled with the apparent rarity, explain its inclusion on the Official List of Species of Brazilian Fauna Threatened with Extinction. The objectives are: to estimate the population size of C. aurita, C. penicillata and their hybrids in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park, assess hybridization between species by morphology and laboratory check the health status and confirm the involvement of C. aurita in the fatherhood of trapped animals, propose a plan for eradication and control of invasion of C. penicillata in the Park. The population sizes of the two primate species were estimated by the method "Distance Sampling". A total of seven marmosets were captured with live traps set for the chemical and physical restraint and subsequent completion of the procedures. For the haemogram, the biochemical and genetic analysis, blood was collected in a test tube containing anticoagulant and kept at refrigerator temperature until the moment of handling / processing of samples. Callithrix aurita appears to be well preserved only in the park area corresponding to the portion located in the city of Petrópolis. The cytogenetic and molecular analysis of hybrids are a useful tool to confirm whether or not hybridization, identifying the species involved and seeing if there is a tendency in the backcrosses. One may suggest that there is a tendency for species differentiation and identification of hybrid individuals by standard hematological and biochemical, to be confirmed with a larger sample of the species C. aurita, preferably from the same locality and under the same conditions. In the case of C. aurita, the main recommendations for its conservation research to include the registration of other populations in areas of distribution free of intrusion, so you can evaluate the chances of population recovery and species survival. The creation of new protected areas should be encouraged, as well as more detailed studies on the species already known sites of occurrence, and a safe program of captive breeding.

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Milić, Vlatko. "Energy Renovation of an Historic Town Using Life Cycle Cost Optimization : An Assessment of Primary Energy Use and CO2 Emissions." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129367.

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Historic buildings, buildings built before 1945, represent a third of the total building stock in Sweden. While implementing energy efficiency measures (EEMs) on historic buildings it is important to consider heritage values. This thesis aims to investigate impacts on primary energy use and CO2 emissions while using life cycle cost (LCC) optimization on historic buildings in three studied cases: reference case with no implemented EEMs (case 1), lowest possible LCC (case 2) and a decrease by 50% in energy use (case 3). As a case study 920 historic buildings divided into twelve typical buildings (6 wood buildings, 1w-6w, and 6 stone buildings, 1s-6s) in the downtown area of Visby, Sweden, are used. Within the scope of the thesis, how to achieve the most profitable EEMs and how the profitability of energy renovation varies between the typical buildings in the studied cases will be analyzed also. An interdisciplinary method is applied in the thesis that considers both heritage values and energy savings. However, the keystone of the thesis is the use of the program Optimal Energy Retrofit Advisory-Mixed Integer Linear Programming (OPERA-MILP), which is a part of the interdisciplinary method. With the use of OPERA-MILP, the cost-optimal energy renovation strategy is obtained for a building. The program takes into account all energy-related investment costs, as well as the investment and operation costs for the heating system, during a set time period. The results show unique packages of EEMs for each of the twelve typical buildings with a potential to lower the total LCC by between 4-11% in the building stock and simultaneously decrease the energy use by more than 50%. The thesis also shows a possible decrease in primary energy use from 24%-57%. The CO2 emissions vary significantly depending on what assumptions are made related to electricity production and biomass use; the results show increases up to 224% in CO2 emissions but also decreases up to 85%. All typical buildings are economically viable to energy renovate. The LCC savings are between 1.4-11.8 SEK with a life cycle set to 50 years for every annually saved kWh, except for case 3 where cost is incurred for every annually saved kWh, 10.0-17.2 SEK, for a number of the typical buildings.
Historiska byggnader, byggnader uppförda före 1945, utgör en tredjedel av det totala byggnadsbeståndet i Sverige. Historiska byggnader har ofta kulturhistoriska värden som måste beaktas vid energieffektiviseringar. Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka påverkan på primärenergianvändning och CO2-utsläpp genom optimering av livscykelkostnaderna (LCC) för historiska byggnader. Som fallstudie används 920 historiska byggnader i Visbys innerstad, indelade i tolv olika typbyggnader (6 träbyggnader, 1w-6w, och 6 stenbyggnader, 1s-6s). Tre fall undersöks: referensfall utan implementerade energieffektiviseringsåtgärder (fall 1), lägsta möjliga LCC (fall 2) och en minskning av energianvändningen med 50 % (fall 3). Inom examensarbetets kommer även de mest lönsamma energieffektiviseringsåtgärderna tas fram. Examensarbetet kommer också att visa hur lönsamheten för energirenovering varierar mellan de olika typbyggnaderna. Vid utförandet av examensarbetet tillämpas en tvärvetenskaplig metod som beaktar både kulturhistoriska värden och energibesparing. Tyngdpunkten ligger dock på användningen av programmet Optimal Energy Retrofit Advisory-Mixed Integer Linear Programming (OPERA-MILP), som är en del av den tvärvetenskapliga metoden. Med användningen av OPERA-MILP erhålls den kostnadsoptimala energieffektiviseringsstrategin för en byggnad. Programmet beaktar alla energirelaterade investeringskostnader, samt investering- och driftkostnader för värmetillförselsystem, under en bestämd tidsperiod. Resultaten visar unika energieffektiviseringspaket för de olika typbyggnaderna med en potential att sänka totala LCC för byggnadsbeståndet med 4-11 % och samtidigt minska energianvändningen med mer än 50 %. Examensarbetet visar också en möjlig minskning i primärenergianvändning med 24-57 %. CO2-utsläppen varierar mycket beroende på vilka antaganden görs relaterat till elektricitetsproduktion och användning av biomassa; resultaten visar ökningar upp till 224 % i CO2-utsläpp men också minskningar ned till 85 %. Samtliga typbyggnader är ekonomiskt lönsamma att energirenovera med LCC-besparingar på 1,4-11,8 SEK med en livscykel satt till 50 år för varje årligen sparad kWh, förutom i fall 3 då kostnader uppstår för varje årligen sparad kWh med 10,0-17,2 SEK, för ett antal av typbyggnaderna.
Potential and Policies for Energy Efficiency in Swedish Buildings Built Before 1945 (Stage II) - Energy Systems Analysis

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Torres, Junior Emanuel Ubaldino. "Conhecimento ecológico e percepção ambiental sobre primatas por uma comunidade rural no entorno da reserva particular do patrimônio natural Engenho Gargaú, Paraíba – Brasil." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7619.

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The ecological knowledge, derived from human handling natural resources, is related to each individual perception of the environment where one lives. This study had as main goals, evaluate the ecological knowledge and the environmental perception of a rural community towards primates, located in the surroundings of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) “Engenho Gargaú”, in the state of Paraíba, where Alouatta belzebul (redhanded howler monkey), Sapajus flavius (blond capuchin monkey) and Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) species live. Two hundred semi-structured interviews with adults were The ecological knowledge, derived from human handling natural resources, is related to each individual perception of the environment where one lives. This study had as main goals, evaluate the ecological knowledge and the environmental perception of a rural community towards primates, located in the surroundings of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) “Engenho Gargaú”, in the state of Paraíba, where Alouatta belzebul (redhanded howler monkey), Sapajus flavius (blond capuchin monkey) and Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) species live. Two hundred semi-structured interviews with adults were performed and one hundred and two children’s mental maps were collected. The answers from the interviews were evaluated by the Thematic Content Analysis and they received specific scores to formulate a wise Local Ecological Knowledge measure (CELP). In spite of the proximity with RPPN “Engenho Gargaú” the interviewed adults had a poor ecological knowledge. However, the ones who had a more significant contact with primates, the man and residents who lived longer in the community showed a significantly higher CELP compared to the other residents. The age group did not influence the CELP results. Apparently, the community does not overly explore RPPN resources, justifying the poor ecological knowledge among residents. According to the mental maps, the children who had already seen primates showed a more realistic and detailed environmental perception than the ones who had never seen primates, showing a bigger contact with the environment and, possibly, with the RPPN. These data are able to help future researches and Environmental Education actions, specifically involving A. belzebul and S. flavius from RPPN “Engenho Gargaú”, two of the five target species included in the Brazilian government conservation action planning system “Plano de Ação Nacional para Conservação dos Primatas do Nordeste” (PAN PriNE). performed and one hundred and two children’s mental maps were collected. The answers from the interviews were evaluated by the Thematic Content Analysis and they received specific scores to formulate a wise Local Ecological Knowledge measure (CELP). In spite of the proximity with RPPN “Engenho Gargaú” the interviewed adults had a poor ecological knowledge. However, the ones who had a more significant contact with primates, the man and residents who lived longer in the community showed a significantly higher CELP compared to the other residents. The age group did not influence the CELP results. Apparently, the community does not overly explore RPPN resources, justifying the poor ecological knowledge among residents. According to the mental maps, the children who had already seen primates showed a more realistic and detailed environmental perception than the ones who had never seen primates, showing a bigger contact with the environment and, possibly, with the RPPN. These data are able to help future researches and Environmental Education actions, specifically involving A. belzebul and S. flavius from RPPN “Engenho Gargaú”, two of the five target species included in the Brazilian government conservation action planning system “Plano de Ação Nacional para Conservação dos Primatas do Nordeste” (PAN PriNE).
O conhecimento ecológico, proveniente do contato humano com os recursos naturais, está relacionado com a percepção que cada indivíduo tem do ambiente em que vive. O presente estudo teve por objetivos avaliar o conhecimento ecológico e a percepção ambiental sobre primatas por uma comunidade rural no entorno da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Engenho Gargaú, na Paraíba, onde habitam as espécies Alouatta belzebul (guariba-de-mãos-ruivas), Sapajus flavius (macaco-prego-galego) e Callithrix jacchus (saguido-nordeste). Foram realizadas 200 entrevistas semiestruturadas com adultos e coletados 102 mapas mentais de crianças. As respostas das entrevistas foram avaliadas pela Análise de Conteúdo Temático que receberam pesos específicos para formulação de uma medida ponderada do Conhecimento Ecológico Local (CELP). Apesar da proximidade com a RPPN Engenho Gargaú, os adultos apresentaram um baixo conhecimento ecológico. No entanto, os que possuem um maior contato com os primatas, os homens e os moradores mais antigos apresentaram um CELP significativamente mais elevado comparado aos demais. A faixa etária não influenciou no CELP. A comunidade aparentemente não explora intensamente recursos da RPPN, justificando o baixo conhecimento encontrado no local. De acordo com os mapas mentais, as crianças que já avistaram primatas mostraram uma percepção ambiental mais realista e detalhada do que aquelas que nunca avistaram, evidenciando um maior contato com o meio ambiente e, possivelmente, com a RPPN. Tais dados podem subsidiar futuras pesquisas e ações de Educação Ambiental, especificamente envolvendo A. belzebul e S. flavius da RPPN Engenho Gargaú, duas das cinco espécies alvo do Plano de Ação Nacional para Conservação dos Primatas do Nordeste (PAN PriNE).

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Grundmann, Emmanuelle. "Intérêt de la réhabilitation et de la réintroduction dans la conservation des orangs-outans et des autres grands primates : eco-éthologie et cognition des orangs-outans (Pongo pygmaeus) réintroduits en forêt de Meratus, Indonésie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0044.

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Les orangs-outans (Pongo pygmaeus et Pongo abelii), présents sur les seules îles de Bornéo et de Sumatra comptent parmi les premières victimes de la déforestation et de l’exploitation à outrance des forêts tropicales d’Asie du sud-est et leur avenir se trouve aujourd’hui des plus incertains. Le trafic grandissant de jeunes individus comme animaux de compagnie accentue également le déclin de l’espèce. La situation est si critique que les chercheurs s’accordent à penser que si rien n’est entrepris, l’orang-outan disparaîtra dans les dix prochaines années (van Schaik et al 2001). Diverses mesures et initiatives ont vu le jour pour contrecarrer le trafic d’une part et pour protéger les populations sauvages subsistantes ainsi que leur habitat d’autre part. La réhabilitation et la réintroduction d’orangs-outans issus du trafic dans leur milieu d’origine a été initiée dans les année 1960 dans le double but de lutter contre le trafic et de renforcer les populations sauvages déjà existantes. Cette méthode implique de la part des Primates une profonde restructuration cognitive et un remodelage de leurs comportements en accord avec le mode de vie qui les attend. Ils doivent perdre la dépendance envers les hommes qui leur a été inculquée en captivité jusqu’à éviter leur contact et retrouver un répertoire comportemental d’orang-outan ‘sauvage’. La ‘communauté’ d’orangs-outans réintroduite depuis 1997 à Meratus par la « Bornean Orangutan Survival Fund » a donc représenté l’opportunité idéale d’étudier les succès et échecs en matière d’adaptation à la vie sauvage d’individus dont l’apprentissage avec la mère avait été brusquement stoppé à divers stades de son développement (du fait du braconnage) et de comprendre quelles compétences semblaient déficientes ou absentes chez ces individus. Cette étude nous permet également de réfléchir sur l’apport réel de la réintroduction dans la conservation des grands Primates
The orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii), living on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra are amongst the first victims of the large-scale deforestation and exploitation of the south-east tropical rainforest and their future is today joepardized. The increasing orangutan pet trade is accelerating even more this decline. The situation is so critical that if nothing’s done, the researcher hypothesized that orangutan will be extinct in the next ten years (van Schaik et al 2001). Several intitiatives and measures have been set up (???) to stop the pet trade on one hand and protect the last remaining wild population and their habitat on the other hand. Rehabilitation and reintroduction of confiscated orangutans back to their original habitat was initiated in the 1960s in the double perspective of fighting against the orangutan pet trade and reinforce the already established wild populations. This method implies for the Primates a complete cognitive restructuration as well as a re-shaping of their behaviours in accordance with their awaiting new way of life. They have to lose the dependance towards humans that has been imprinted on them during their captivity, avoid contact with humans and acquire the behavioural repertoire of the species. The orangutan community that has been reintroduced in the Meratus forest since 1997 presents an ideal opportunity to study the success and failures of the readaptation of individual whose maternal bond has been broken at various ages, interrupting their learning phase and try to understand which abilities were deficient or absent in those individuals. This study enable us also to evaluate the relevance of reintroduction in the conservation efforts of great Apes

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Primate conservation'

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