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Journal articles on the topic 'Primary Victoria'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Mattison, Laci, and Rachel Tait-Ripperdan. "Digital Archives and the Literature Classroom." Pedagogy 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15314200-9576485.

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Abstract This article describes the implementation of and assessment findings for a digital archival assignment in the 3000-level Victorian Literature and Culture course at Florida Gulf Coast University. The assignment utilized ProQuest's database, Queen Victoria's Journals, which comprises the extant journals of Queen Victoria, and demonstrated the value of primary historical research and digital archives in enhancing student content knowledge, information literacy, and critical thinking.

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McCann, Warren. "Redeveloping Primary Health and Community Support Services in Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00032.

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Why Primary Care Reforms?: It gives me very great pleasure to have been asked to speak at this major international Conference about redeveloping primary health and community support services in Victoria. While opening the Conference, the Victorian Minister for Health, the Honourable John Thwaites, launched the Primary Care Partnership Strategy which is one of the most ambitious and far reaching primary health and community support reform agendas in Australia.

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3

Ansari, Zahid, Norman Carson, Adrian Serraglio, Toni Barbetti, and Flavia Cicuttini. "The Victorian Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Study: reducing demand on hospital services in Victoria." Australian Health Review 25, no. 2 (2002): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020071.

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Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) are those for which hospitalisation is thought to be avoidable ifpreventive care and early disease management are applied, usually in the ambulatory setting. The Victorian ACSCs study offers a new set of indicators describing differentials and inequalities in access to the primary healthcare systemin Victoria. The study used the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (1999-2000) for analysing hospital admissions for diabetes complications, asthma, vaccine preventable influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. The analyses were performed at the level of Primary Care Partnerships (PCPs). There were 12 100 admissions for diabetes complicationsin Victoria. There was a 12-fold variation in admission rates for diabetes complications across PCPs, with 13 PCPs having significantly higher rates than the Victorian average, accounting for just over half of all admissions (6114) and39 per cent total bed days. Similar variations in admission rates across PCPs were observed for asthma, influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. This analysis, with its acknowledged limitations, has shown the potential for using theseindicators as a planning tool for identifying opportunities for targeted public health and health services interventions in reducing demand on hospital services in Victoria.

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4

Seymour, E. J. "Benefits, threats and getting started with Environmental Management Systems: views of primary producers and catchment managers in Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 3 (2007): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06022.

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In Victoria, as in many parts of Australia, there is a mixed understanding of what comprises an Environmental Management System (EMS), particularly among professionals in government and industry and landholders. To help overcome this issue, the Victorian government (then Natural Resources and Environment) and the Victorian Farmers Federation formed a partnership in 2003 to promote EMS adoption and coordinate EMS activity on a statewide basis. The Natural Resources and Environment and Victorian Farmers Federation partnership held a series of 11 workshops for catchment management authority regions across Victoria. The purpose was to seek advice from primary producers and catchment managers about how EMS might realistically be implemented and promoted. This paper explores the issues raised at these workshops and the implications they have for EMS adoption and promotion in Victoria, with regard to: (i) potential benefits of implementing EMS on farms; (ii) potential threats to the implementation of EMS on farms; and (iii) how to get started with EMS. A total of 213 people participated in the workshops including 144 landholders. There were some important regional differences in the response data. Improved community perception was seen as a major benefit of EMS (13% of all responses), as were possible market benefits (12%). The major threats to implementation included perceived ‘regulatory creep’ and suspicion of government (14% of responses) and that EMS was a political instrument (13%). Primary producers and catchment managers thought that building on existing schemes and groups was an ideal way to get started with EMS. These results provide a useful basis for how EMS is promoted in Victoria. Ensuring that EMS is driven by industry without being government-heavy is perceived as very important. Better coordination between stakeholders, the provision of practical EMS products and the use of existing groups is a sensible way forward, but in practice this will be difficult to achieve.

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Ansari, Z., MJ Ackland, NJ Carson, and BCK Choi. "Small Area Analysis of Diabetes Complications: Opportunities for Targeting Public Health and Health Services Interventions." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 3 (2005): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05045.

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The objective of this paper is to present small area analyses of diabetes complications in Victoria, Australia, and to illustrate their importance for targeting public health and health services interventions. Local government areas in Victoria were aggregated into 32 Primary Care Partnerships (PCP), which are voluntary alliances of primary care providers. The 32 PCP areas were used as the basic geographic units for small area analyses. Admission rates for diabetes complications were age and sex standardised using the direct method and the 1996 Victorian population as the reference. Admission rate ratios were calculated using the Victorian admission rates as the reference. The 95 per cent confidence intervals for the standardised admission rate ratios were based on the Poisson distribution. There was a wide variation (almost fivefold) in admission rates for diabetes complications across the PCP catchments, with the lowest standardised rate ratio of 0.37 and the highest of 1.75. There were 11 PCPs (seven metropolitan, four rural) with admission rate ratios significantly higher than the Victorian average. The seven metropolitan PCPs contributed more than 43% of all admissions and bed days for diabetes complications in Victoria. Small area analyses of diabetes complications are an exciting new development aimed at stimulating an evidence-based dialogue between local area health service providers, planners and policy-makers. The purpose is to provide opportunities to target public health and health services interventions at the local level to improve the management of diabetes complications in the community.

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Alford, Katrina. "Reforming Victoria's primary health and community service sector:rural implications." Australian Health Review 23, no. 3 (2000): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah000058.

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In 1999 the Victorian primary care and community support system began a process of substantial reform, involvingpurchasing reforms and a contested selection process between providers in large catchment areas across the State.The Liberal Government's electoral defeat in September 1999 led to a review of these reforms. This paper questionsthe reforms from a rural perspective. They were based on a generic template that did not consider rural-urbandifferences in health needs or other differences including socio-economic status, and may have reinforced if notaggravated rural-urban differences in the quality of and access to primary health care in Victoria.

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7

Kirkwood, Deborah. "Female Perpetrated Homicide in Victoria Between 1985 and 1995." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 36, no. 2 (August 2003): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.36.2.152.

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This article presents findings of research on women who kill. All cases in which a woman was investigated by police as a perpetrator in a homicide in Victoria,Australia,between 1985 and 1995 were examined.The aim was to investigate the range of circumstances in which women kill. Seventy-seven cases were identified.The primary source of data was the Victorian Coroner 's office.Initially it was expected that most women would have killed a partner as a result of the experience of long-term violence. However,the findings of the study show that the situation with respect to women and those they kill is more complex.Three primary relationship categories were identified:women who kill their partners,women who kill their children and women who kill non-intimates.The third category primar- ily involved women who killed friends and acquaintances.This paper will argue that the homicide literature fails to provide a conceptual framework for understanding women who kill and hence contributes to the cultural stigmatising of violent women as “mad” or “bad”.

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8

Turbitt, Erin, and Gary Lee Freed. "Paediatric emergency department referrals from primary care." Australian Health Review 40, no. 6 (2016): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15211.

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Background Over the last decade, paediatric referrals from general practitioners (GPs) to the emergency department (ED) have increased by 60% in Australia. Objective To investigate the characteristics of Victorian children referred by GPs to the ED with lower-urgency conditions. Method Data were collected from four hospital EDs in Victoria, May–November 2014. Parents attending the ED with their child triaged as lower urgency were surveyed. Descriptive, frequency, and bivariate analyses were performed. Results Of the 1150 responses, 28% (320) visited their GP before attending ED. Of these 66% (212), were referred by their GP. A greater proportion with injury than illness (84% vs 59%; P < 0.0001) was referred to the ED if they had first visited their GP. Conclusion Motivations of GPs to send lower-urgency injured and ill children to ED are not well understood. The high number of referrals from GPs to the ED for lower urgency conditions suggests attention by policy makers and health professionals must be paid to the current patterns of care of children in general practice. What is known about the topic? Paediatric referrals in Australia from GPs to EDs have increased in the last decade, along with the absolute number of children in Victoria presenting to the ED. What does this paper add? A significant number of children (66%) who attend the GP before visiting the ED are referred to the ED for their lower urgency condition. What are the implications for practitioners? It may be appropriate for GPs to be further supported to manage lower urgency conditions, through better resources or education.

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Riley, Merilyn. "Population Prevalence Rates of Birth Defects: A Data Management and Epidemiological Perspective." Health Information Management 34, no. 3 (September 2005): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830503400307.

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The Victorian Birth Defects Register (VBDR) is a population-based surveillance system with a primary function of monitoring trends in birth defects. This paper outlines the processes undertaken in Victoria, Australia, to obtain population prevalence rates of birth defects and investigates the effect on the prevalence rates of variations in collection and processing tasks. It includes all birth defects that were notified to the VBDR by 31 December 2004. The overall prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003 was 4.0%, with an overall accuracy rate of 88%. However, this proportion varied according to what birth defects were included, the age by which birth defects were diagnosed, changes to sources of ascertainment, inclusion of terminations of pregnancy, or reporting by cases rate (infants affected) or birth defect rate (individual birth defects). Taking all of these factors into consideration, we are confident that 4.0% is an accurate population prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003.

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Hill, David J., Graham G. Giles, Kathleen J. Mapperson, Ian S. Russell, and John P. Collins. "Management of primary, operable breast cancer in Victoria." Medical Journal of Australia 152, no. 2 (January 1990): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb124457.x.

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11

Klein, Harald. "Reforming Primary Care in Victoria: Will Primary Care Partnerships Do the Job?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 1 (2002): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02004.

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Spiralling medical costs and escalating demand for health services are putting primary care reform firmly on the agenda for governments around the world. A more coordinated and prevention-oriented approach must be adopted now to avoid a looming crisis in health care. In Victoria, the Primary Care Partnership (PCP) Strategy aims to improve health outcomes and better manage the demand for services by functionally integrating health and community support services. This paper provides an overview of the key factors that have shaped primary care reform in the State of Victoria; the logic of the PCP Strategy; a summary of the results of the strategy after 18 months; and a critical assessment of the key challenges for the strategy in the future. The paper concludes that the strategy has already led to much stronger collaboration between agencies, more integrated service planning and emerging models for service coordination. For these achievements to translate to improved health outcomes, the systems changes being initiated by PCPs need to be translated into the way services are provided in the community. This cannot be achieved by collaboration between service providers alone. It is now time for all relevant parts of government to support PCP objectives and initiatives in the way they plan and fund services.

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Slaughter, Yvette, and John Hajek. "Community languages and LOTE provision in Victorian primary schools." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 7.1–7.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0707.

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Primary school languages education continues to be a challenging issue for all states in Australia. In Victoria, LOTE study is provided at the primary level to address the needs of linguistically diverse communities, as well as to provide an enriching learning experience for monolingual speakers of English. The challenge remains to ensure that programs that are run are effective, address the needs of the community and are embraced as a valuable and enriching component of the school curriculum. This study looks at the provision of LOTE in 2003 in Victorian primary schools and in particular, through an analysis of the geographical location of community groups and primary LOTE programs, how effectively community needs are being met. We also analyse the nature of LOTE programs through an examination of teachers’ qualifications, time allotment and program type. Factors identified by some schools as impinging on LOTE study at the primary level, such as literacy concerns and multilingual diversity, will also be examined.

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Slaughter, Yvette, and John Hajek. "Community languages and Lote provision in Victorian Primary Schools." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 30, no. 1 (2007): 7.1–7.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.30.1.05sla.

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Primary school languages education continues to be a challenging issue for all states in Australia. In Victoria, LOTE study is provided at the primary level to address the needs of linguistically diverse communities, as well as to provide an enriching learning experience for monolingual speakers of English. The challenge remains to ensure that programs that are run are effective, address the needs of the community and are embraced as a valuable and enriching component of the school curriculum. This study looks at the provision of LOTE in 2003 in Victorian primary schools and in particular, through an analysis of the geographical location of community groups and primary LOTE programs, how effectively community needs are being met. We also analyse the nature of LOTE programs through an examination of teachers’ qualifications, time allotment and program type. Factors identified by some schools as impinging on LOTE study at the primary level, such as literacy concerns and multilingual diversity, will also be examined.

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14

French, Janine, Ingrid Mei, Steve Simpson, Justin Ng, Peter Angus, John Lubel, Amanda Nicoll, et al. "Increasing prevalence of primary biliary cholangitis in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 35, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14924.

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Counahan, M., R. Andrews, P. Buttner, G. Byrnes, and R. Speare. "Head lice prevalence in primary schools in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 40, no. 11 (November 2004): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00486.x.

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Chancellor, Barbara. "Primary school playgrounds: features and management in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Play 2, no. 2 (September 2013): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21594937.2013.807568.

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Prasher, Douglas C., Virginia K. Eckenrode, William W. Ward, Frank G. Prendergast, and Milton J. Cormier. "Primary structure of the Aequorea victoria green-fluorescent protein." Gene 111, no. 2 (February 1992): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(92)90691-h.

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Bartlett, Tess S., and Christopher J. Trotter. "Did We Forget Something? Fathering Supports and Programs in Prisons in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 8 (February 6, 2019): 1465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19828575.

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This article draws from data gathered for an Australian Research Council–funded study conducted in Victoria and New South Wales between 2011 and 2015, which examined how dependent children are responded to when their primary carer is imprisoned. In particular, this article specifically addresses a gap in knowledge by examining the current state of fathering programs in prison in Victoria. To do so, the views of 39 primary carer fathers incarcerated in Victoria are analysed. We argue that there is a distinct lack of support for fathers in prison, acting as a barrier towards maintaining father–child relationships. Findings indicate that 79% of the fathers in this study were never offered any parenting support services or programs. By clearly highlighting the state of fathering programs in prisons in Victoria, this article offers suggestions as to how best to facilitate the connection between incarcerated fathers and their children.

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Hanna, Lisa, and Karen Fairhurst. "Using information and communication technologies to consult with patients in Victorian primary care: the views of general practitioners." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 2 (2013): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11153.

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Information and communication technologies such as email, text messaging and video messaging are commonly used by the general population. However, international research has shown that they are not used routinely by GPs to communicate or consult with patients. Investigating Victorian GPs’ perceptions of doing so is timely given Australia’s new National Broadband Network, which may facilitate web-based modes of doctor−patient interaction. This study therefore aimed to explore Victorian GPs’ experiences of, and attitudes toward, using information and communication technologies to consult with patients. Qualitative telephone interviews were carried out with a maximum variation sample of 36 GPs from across Victoria. GPs reported a range of perspectives on using new consultation technologies within their practice. Common concerns included medico-legal and remuneration issues and perceived patient information technology literacy. Policy makers should incorporate GPs’ perspectives into primary care service delivery planning to promote the effective use of information and communication technologies in improving accessibility and quality of general practice care.

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Heilbrunn-Lang, Adina Y., Lauren M. Carpenter, Seona M. Powell, Susan L. Kearney, Deborah Cole, and Andrea M. de Silva. "Reviewing public policy for promoting population oral health in Victoria, Australia (2007–12)." Australian Health Review 40, no. 1 (2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15013.

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Objective Government policy and planning set the direction for community decisions related to resource allocation, infrastructure, services, programs, workforce and social environments. The aim of the present study was to examine the policy and planning context for oral health promotion in Victoria, Australia, over the period 2007–12. Methods Key Victorian policies and plans related to oral health promotion in place during the 2007–12 planning cycle were identified through online searching, and content analysis was performed. Inclusion of oral health (and oral health-related) promotion initiatives was assessed within the goals, objectives and strategies sections of each plan. Results Six of the 223 public health plans analysed (3%) included oral health ‘goals’ (including one plan representing nine agencies). Oral health was an ‘objective’ in 10 documents. Fifty-six plan objectives, and 70 plan strategies related to oral health or healthy eating for young children. Oral health was included in municipal plans (44%) more frequently than the other plans examined. Conclusion There is a policy opportunity to address oral health at a community level, and to implement population approaches aligned with the Ottawa Charter that address the social determinants of health. What is known about the topic? Poor oral health is a significant global health concern and places a major burden on individuals and the healthcare system, affecting approximately 50% of all children and 75%–95% of adults in Australia. The Ottawa Charter acknowledges the key role of policy in improving the health of a population; however, little is known about the policy emphasis placed on oral health by local government, primary care partnerships and community health agencies in Victoria, Australia. What does this paper add? This is a review of oral health content within local government (municipal) and community health plans in Victoria, Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings identify several opportunities for public health and community health practitioners and policy makers to place greater emphasis on prevention and improvement of the oral health of Victorians through policy development.

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McDonald, Paul. "From Streets to Sidewalks: Developments in Primary Care Services for Injecting Drug Users." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 1 (2002): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02010.

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Primary Health Care for the Injecting Drug User (IDU) has been established in Victoria in recognition of the serious health needs of IDUs, which require a relevant and effective response. Research shows the medical consequences that flow from drug abuse, ranging from the onset of blood borne viruses to cardiovascular conditions, and the propensity of drug users to access health services only through accident and emergency areas of hospitals. In 1999, the Victorian government announced the funding of five Local Drug Strategies in five of Melbourne's 'hotspot' street drug areas to address both the needs of users and communities in relation to substance abuse. This funding was an impetus to establish and trial the concept of primary health services, combining both a fixed site and a mobile outreach service. These services are designed to meet the primary health needs of street-based injecting drug users who are at high risk of experiencing overdose or other forms of drug-related harm.

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Puri, Prem. "Primary liver tumours in children in victoria: Incidence and pathology." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 24, no. 5 (May 1989): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(89)80462-2.

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Anderson, Ian, Harriet Young, Milica Markovic, and Lenore Manderson. "Koori Primary Health Care in Victoria: Developments in Service Planning." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00031.

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The Alma Ata 1978 Declaration on primary health care has conventionally been applied in developing countries, where medically trained personnel and other highly skilled health professionals and medical infrastructure are limited. Although such concepts have salience in relatively resource rich countries such as Australia, it is in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health policy that they have become pivotal. A growing national focus on the development of Aboriginal primary health care capacity followed the release of the National Aboriginal Health Strategy (NAHS) in 1989 (Anderson, 1997). This focus consolidated further, following the evaluation of the National Aboriginal Health Strategy implementation in 1994 which preceded the transfer of administrative responsibility for the Commonwealth Aboriginal health program from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) to the Commonwealth Health portfolio (DHFS, 1994). Within the strategic framework provided by federal state agreements, the development of primary health care services is a priority. In the current national policy framework domains of policy and strategy development have been identified as key developmental themes.

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Gill, Barry, and Brian Hand. "professional standing of the replacement teacher in the education community: a country region's perspective." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v2i1.269.

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As Australian schools move towards the twenty-frrst century more attention is being drawn to the professionalism of teachers. This has led to the recent publication of two NBEET reports, Teacher Education in Australia (September 1990) and Australia's Teachers: A Blueprint for the 90's (January 1991). These reports recognise the need for a reconceptualisation and urgent action in regards to the initial training and continuing education of Australia's teachers. Each goes into considerable detail about the need, scope and format of programs of professional development, and each highlights the importance of Employer/Higher Education Institution co-operation in such programs. The La Trobe University College of Northern Victoria and the Bendigo Regional Office of the Victorian Ministry of Education are in the process of developing this co-operation, especially in the post initial teacher education area. Through the Research Centre for Teacher Development at the La Trobe University College of Northern Victoria, a project is underway to develop this process in close consultation with, and the full co-operation of the Loddon Campaspe Mallee Regional Office. This paper reports on the initial outcome. Fifty-eight Primary Replacement Teachers (RTs) responded to a questionnaire regarding their employment status, professional qualifications, days worked in 1989 and 1990, and their in-service involvement and in-service needs. The investigation was undertaken in order to provide local Ministry and University College personnel with information to assist in planning future in-service needs for this particular group of teachers. In Victoria during 1990 the Ministry employed 40,000 teachers in primary, secondary and special schools. There is constantly a pool of 10,000 teachers on leave without pay from the Ministry. During the 1989-90 financial year 14,000 teachers were employed as Replacement Teachers in primary and secondary schools. Some of these Replacement Teachers came from the pool of teachers on leave without pay, but there is still a large group of teachers whose only source of employment is RT work.

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Ansari, M. Z., D. Simmon s, W. G. Hart, F. Cicuttin i, N. J. Carson, N. I. A. G. Brand, M. J. Ackland, and D. J. Lang. "Preventable Hospitalisations for Diabetic Complications in Rural and Urban Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00060.

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The objective of the study was to describe and explain variations in rates of hospital admissions for long-term complications of diabetes mellitus in rural and urban Victoria as an indicator of the adequacy of ambulatory care services. The Victorian Inpatient Minimum Database (VIMD), Health Insurance Commission data for 1998, Medical Labour Force Annual Survey 1998, Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas 1996 (SEIFA) and Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) were merged to determine the extent to which hospitalisation for complications of diabetes can be predicted from accessibility and utilisation of general practitioner services. The rural and urban differentials for long-term diabetic complications and their strong relationship with GP services, the degree of remoteness, lack of insurance, and Aboriginality reflect issues related to equity and access, patient and GP education, and inclination to seek care, all of which have implications for planning of primary health services in rural areas. This study describes a model for the analysis of ambulatory care sensitive conditions, and illustrates the important use of routine databases combined with other sources of information in quantifying the impact of factors related to primary care services.

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Still, Leonie V. "Women Managers in Advertising: An Exploratory Study." Media Information Australia 40, no. 1 (May 1986): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604000105.

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The growing interest in the status of women in the Australian workforce has prompted a related interest in the position of women in certain industries, occupations and professions. Several studies have begun to emerge which have explored women's employment position and status in law (Mathews, 1982; Bretos, 1984); chartered accountancy (Equal Opportunity Board, Victoria, 1983); retailing (Turner & Glare, 1982); and social work (Brown & Turner, 1985). The position of women managers in business has also been examined by the Victorian Office of Women's Affairs (1981) and Still (1985), while Sampson (1985) is currently investigating the status of women in the primary, secondary and technical areas of the teaching profession.

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Ackland, Michael J., Bernard CK Choi, and Zahid Ansari. "Guest Editorial: Indicators and Public Health Policy." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 3 (2005): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05035.

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This issue includes a paper from the Victorian Department of Human Services, Australia, addressing applications of data on ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalisations. This work has been very important for Victoria as it provides robust new indicators of access and quality of primary care services that have direct application to current public health policy. On the surface, this work appears to be the result of a simple set of analyses of routine hospitalisations data; commonplace data that are usually presented in bureaucratic reports that have a life gathering dust on the desks of public sector health administrators. How could such data excite anybody or provoke a practical policy or strategic response?

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Premier, Jessica. "Teachers’ Experiences of Educating EAL Students in Mainstream Primary and Secondary Classrooms." Australian Journal of Teacher Education 46, no. 8 (August 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2021v46n8.1.

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Many schools in Victoria, Australia, are multicultural, with students coming from a variety of cultures and backgrounds. Content area teachers often educate EAL students in their classrooms, even though they may not have specialised EAL teaching qualifications. This paper presents the experiences of primary and secondary teachers working in multicultural schools in Victoria. It explores the way in which teachers meet the needs of EAL students in their classrooms, and the support that is available to assist them to do so. This paper reports that teaching practice, school leadership, professional learning, and identity, influence the way in which teachers educate EAL students. However, this paper reveals that teachers require more support to assist them with educating EAL students. The most beneficial forms of support are professional learning, collaboration between staff, and understanding different cultures. This paper also argues that experienced teachers require relevant ongoing professional learning throughout their careers.

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Fehlberg, Trafford, John Rose, Glenn Douglas Guest, and David Watters. "The surgical burden of disease and perioperative mortality in patients admitted to hospitals in Victoria, Australia: a population-level observational study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): e028671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028671.

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ObjectivesComprehensive reporting of surgical disease burden and outcomes are vital components of resilient health systems but remain under-reported. The primary objective was to identify the Victorian surgical burden of disease necessitating treatment in a hospital or day centre, including a thorough epidemiology of surgical procedures and their respective perioperative mortality rates (POMR).DesignRetrospective population-level observational study.SettingThe study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. Access to data from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset was obtained using the Dr Foster Quality Investigator tool. The study included public and private facilities, including day-case facilities.ParticipantsFrom January 2014 to December 2016, all admissions with an International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 code matched to the Global Health Estimates (GHE) disease categories were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdmissions were assigned a primary disease category according to the 23 GHE disease categories. Surgical procedures during hospitalisations were identified using the Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (AR-DRG). POMR were calculated for GHE disease categories and AR-DRG procedures.ResultsA total of 4 865 226 admitted episodes were identified over the 3-year period. 1 715 862 (35.3%) of these required a surgical procedure. The mortality rate for those undergoing a procedure was 0.42%, and 1.47% for those without. The top five procedures performed per GHE category were lens procedures (162 835 cases, POMR 0.001%), caesarean delivery (76 032 cases, POMR 0.01%), abortion with operating room procedure (65 451 cases, POMR 0%), hernia procedures (52 499 cases, POMR 0.05%) and other knee procedures (47 181 cases, POMR 0.004%).ConclusionsConditions requiring surgery were responsible for 35.3% of the hospital admitted disease burden in Victoria, a rate higher than previously published from Sweden, New Zealand and the USA. POMR is comparable to other studies reporting individual procedures and conditions, but has been reported comprehensively across all GHE disease categories for the first time.

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Wake, Nicola. "‘His home is his castle. And mine is a cage’: a new partial defence for primary victims who kill." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 66, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v66i2.148.

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This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Crimes Amendment (Abolition of Defensive Homicide) Act 2014 which had the effect of repealing the Australian state of Victoria’s only general ‘partial defence’ of defensive homicide, and replaced the existing statutory self-defence in murder/manslaughter provisions and general common law self-defence rules with a single test. The abolition of defensive homicide means there is now no general ‘partial defence’ to accommodate cases falling short of self-defence. The change is likely to mean that some primary victims will find themselves bereft of a defence. This is the experience in New Zealand where the Family Violence Death Review Committee recently recommended the reintroduction of a partial defence, postabolition of provocation in 2009. Primary victims in New Zealand are being convicted of murder and sentences are double those issued pre-2009. Both jurisdictions require that a new partial defence be introduced, and accordingly, an entirely new defence predicated on a fear of serious violence and several threshold filter mechanisms designed to accommodate the circumstances of primary victims is advanced herein. The proposed framework draws upon earlier recommendations of the Law Commission for England and Wales, and a comprehensive review of the operation of ss 54 and 55 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, but the novel framework rejects the paradoxical loss of self-control requirement and sexed normative standard operating within that jurisdiction. The recommendations are complemented by social framework evidence and mandatory jury directions, modelled on the law in Victoria. A novel interlocutory appeal procedure designed to prevent unnecessary appellate court litigation is also outlined. This bespoke model provides an appropriate via media and optimal solution to the problems faced by primary victims in Victoria and New Zealand.

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Paxton, Georgia A., Pete C. G. Spink, Margaret H. Danchin, Lauren Tyrrell, Chelsea L. Taylor, Susan Casey, and Hamish R. Graham. "Catching up with catch-up: a policy analysis of immunisation for refugees and asylum seekers in Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 6 (2018): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17049.

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This study examines catch-up immunisation for people of refugee-like background in Victoria, exploring effective models of service delivery to complete catch-up vaccinations. The analysis is based on: (i) review of the medical literature, Commonwealth and Victorian government immunisation policy and immunisation patient information; (ii) review of vaccination coverage and service delivery data; and (iii) stakeholder interviews completed in 2014 with 45 people from 34 agencies, including 9 local government areas in Victoria. Although refugees and asylum seekers all need catch-up vaccinations on arrival, they face significant barriers to completing immunisation in Australia. Analysis suggests missed opportunities by service providers and perceptions that catch-up vaccination is time-consuming, difficult and resource-intensive. Service delivery is fragmented across primary care and local government, and pathways depend on age, location and healthcare access. There are strengths, but also limitations in all current service delivery models. Gaps in vaccine funding for refugee-like populations have now been addressed through Commonwealth initiatives, however migration is still not well considered in immunisation policy, and existing systems for notification payments do not capture catch-up vaccination for these groups. Providers identify areas for improvement in professional development and support, patient information, patient-held records and immunisation surveillance data.

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Kelly, John W., Michael A. Henderson, Vicky J. Thursfield, John Slavin, Jill Ainslie, and Graham G. Giles. "The management of primary cutaneous melanoma in Victoria in 1996 and 2000." Medical Journal of Australia 187, no. 9 (November 2007): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01392.x.

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Pommerville, Peter J., and Paul Zakus. "Andropause: knowledge and awareness among primary care physicians in Victoria, BC, Canada." Aging Male 9, no. 4 (January 2006): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13685530601040661.

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34

Mugidde, Rose. "The increase in phytoplankton primary productivity and biomass in Lake Victoria (Uganda)." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 25, no. 2 (December 1993): 846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1992.11900264.

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35

Watson, R. G., P. W. Angus, M. Dewar, B. Goss, R. B. Sewell, and R. A. Smallwood. "Low prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia. Melbourne Liver Group." Gut 36, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.36.6.927.

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Flood, Margaret, Wendy Pollock, Susan McDonald, Fiona Cullinane, and Mary-Ann Davey. "Primary postpartum haemorrhage, breastfeeding initiation and formula use for confinements in Victoria." Women and Birth 32 (September 2019): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.07.192.

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McCoppin, Brigid, and Christine Birrell. "Primary Health Care Under Pressure: A Case Study of Amalgamation in Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 3 (1996): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96040.

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Amalgamation of community health centres has become a fairly common response to Victorian government changes in primary health care policy (both Labor and Coalition). This is a study of one such amalgamation and of its effects. The amalgamation brought staff and management many difficulties of adjustment, but it has produced a larger organisation which, while it has some residual problems, appears well fitted to withstand the pressure of today's policy directions and to meet future demands.

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Vedsted, Peter, David Weller, Alina Zalounina Falborg, Henry Jensen, Jatinderpal Kalsi, David Brewster, Yulan Lin, et al. "Diagnostic pathways for breast cancer in 10 International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) jurisdictions: an international comparative cohort study based on questionnaire and registry data." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e059669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059669.

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ObjectivesA growing body of evidence suggests longer time between symptom onset and start of treatment affects breast cancer prognosis. To explore this association, the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership Module 4 examined differences in breast cancer diagnostic pathways in 10 jurisdictions across Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK.SettingPrimary care in 10 jurisdictions.ParticipantData were collated from 3471 women aged >40 diagnosed for the first time with breast cancer and surveyed between 2013 and 2015. Data were supplemented by feedback from their primary care physicians (PCPs), cancer treatment specialists and available registry data.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatient, primary care, diagnostic and treatment intervals.ResultsOverall, 56% of women reported symptoms to primary care, with 66% first noticing lumps or breast changes. PCPs reported 77% presented with symptoms, of whom 81% were urgently referred with suspicion of cancer (ranging from 62% to 92%; Norway and Victoria). Ranges for median patient, primary care and diagnostic intervals (days) for symptomatic patients were 3–29 (Denmark and Sweden), 0–20 (seven jurisdictions and Ontario) and 8–29 (Denmark and Wales). Ranges for median treatment and total intervals (days) for all patients were 15–39 (Norway, Victoria and Manitoba) and 4–78 days (Sweden, Victoria and Ontario). The 10% longest waits ranged between 101 and 209 days (Sweden and Ontario).ConclusionsLarge international differences in breast cancer diagnostic pathways exist, suggesting some jurisdictions develop more effective strategies to optimise pathways and reduce time intervals. Targeted awareness interventions could also facilitate more timely diagnosis of breast cancer.

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Laurence, Becca. "Sonic Postcards." Leonardo Music Journal 16 (December 2006): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj.2006.16.75a.

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Sonic Postcard 1: From Chelsea Children's Hospital School, London, created by the pupils from the Collingham Gardens site, facilitated by Jo Lucas. Sonic Postcard 2: From Ashcott Primary School, Somerset, created by Sophie Hunt-Davison and Victoria Langford, facilitated by Tony Whitehead. Sonic Postcard 3: From Market Place Primary School, Aberdeenshire, created by class P6, facilitated by Pippa Murphy.

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Thompson, Sandra C., and Maureen Norris. "Hepatitis B Vaccination of Personnel Employed in Victorian Hospitals: Are Those at Risk Adequately Protected?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 01 (January 1999): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501552.

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AbstractObjective:To examine the policies and practices in hospitals within the state of Victoria, Australia, with respect to vaccination of staff against hepatitis B infection.Design:A written self-administered questionnaire to be completed by the infection control officer (or designated officer for hepatitis B vaccination) within each hospital.Setting:Public (teaching and nonteaching) and private hospitals, including metropolitan and rural institutions in Victoria.Participants:A random sample of 30% of Victorian hospitals were asked to participate in the survey. Of 78 eligible institutions, 69 (88%) completed and returned questionnaires.Results:There was no consistent hepatitis B prevention policy in place across Victoria. Of the 69 responding hospitals, 63 (91%) offered hepatitis B vaccination to staff, and 58 (84%) of these also paid all costs of vaccination. Of the 63 hospitals offering vaccination to staff, 39 offered vaccination to all staff, 23 offered vaccination based on job title, and one offered vaccination based on anticipated exposure. In many institutions, postexposure protocols were recalled more readily than preexposure vaccination guidelines. Numerous respondents indicated a need for clear guidelines on policy and clarification on practical matters of management, such as acceptable immune levels, management of nonresponders to the primary series, and the need for, and timing of, booster doses of vaccine. Eleven (18%) of the 63 hospitals offering hepatitis B vaccination to staff undertook routine prevaccination screening, a practice not generally regarded as cost-effective in Australia. Fifty-five of these hospitals (91%) also undertook postvaccination screening.Conclusions:It is evident from this study that a considerable number of potentially susceptible healthcare personnel in Victorian hospitals remain unprotected against hepatitis B infection. A more reliable and consistent approach to preexposure hepatitis B vaccination is recommended

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Adam, Jenny, and Rae Walker. "Trust in Relationships Between Primary Health Care Organisations." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 1 (2001): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01008.

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In Victoria the primary health care sector is in a period of change intended to strengthen the integration of a complex service system through a process of partnership development based on collaboration. The partnerships are voluntary alliances of the primary care service providers, usually within a locality of two to three local government areas. Their purpose is to improve the health and wellbeing of the local population by strengthening inter-agency coordination in the areas of needs identification, planning and service delivery. Trust is a key issue in this process. This paper is a report of the first stage of a study to explore trust in the context of relationships between organisations in the primary care sector.

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Hughes, Martin J., G. Neil Phillips, and Stephen P. Carey. "Giant Placers of the Victorian Gold Province." SEG Discovery, no. 56 (January 1, 2004): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/segnews.2004-56.fea.

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ABSTRACT The Victorian gold province has yielded 2500 tonnes (t) Au, nearly 2 percent of cumulative world gold production, mostly mined between 1851 and 1910. Fifty-five percent (1375 t) was placer gold from modern and paleostream systems, and from eluvial deposits, and the remainder came from primary quartz vein-related deposits. Most of the alluvial gold placers are in unconsolidated or weakly cemented quartz pebble conglomerate and gravel, dominated by hydrothermal quartz, although a few paleoplacers are within duricrusted conglomerate that required crushing. Large and abundant gold nuggets were common. Placer gold deposits formed in three intervals following uplift in the Late Cretaceous, Late Eocene, and Pliocene. An important factor in the preservation of the paleoplacers has been their burial by younger sediments and basalt flows, with consequent protection from erosion and dispersal. Factors in the formation of the giant gold placers of Victoria include the following: (1) the existence of a major primary gold province with several multimillion-ounce gold deposits; (2) uplift and reactivation of older faults; and (3) high rainfall and deep Paleogene weathering.

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Jangwal, H., H. Parker, B. Barger, K. Smith, G. Toogood, K. Soon, Y. Malaiapan, et al. "Pre-Hospital Notification Trial for Primary PCI: A Collaboration between the Victorian Cardiac Clinical Network (Department of Health), Ambulance Victoria and Participating Victorian Public Hospitals." Heart, Lung and Circulation 21 (January 2012): S168—S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.419.

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Muhlebach, Robyn. "Curriculum and Professional Development in Environmental Education: A Case Study." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 11 (1995): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600002962.

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This particular case study looks at the problem of curriculum and professional development in environmental education at a small semi rural primary school in south western Victoria. In this paper the ‘study’ refers to the case study research at Elliminyt Primary School and the ‘project’ refers to a wider OECD-CERI ENSI project which included many other case studies other than the one described here.

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Allsop, John R. "Changes in the investigation and management of primary operable breast cancer in Victoria." Medical Journal of Australia 162, no. 6 (March 1995): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139925.x.

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Hill, David J., Victoria M. White, Graham G. Giles, John P. Collins, and Paul R. B. Kitchen. "Changes in the investigation and management of primary operable breast cancer in Victoria." Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 2 (July 1994): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127341.x.

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SUTHERLAND, Georgina, Jane YELLAND, Jan WIEBE, Jennifer KELLY, Penny MARLOWE, and Stephanie BROWN. "Role of general practitioners in primary maternity care in South Australia and Victoria." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 49, no. 6 (December 2009): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.2009.01078.x.

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Sood, Siddharth, Paul J. Gow, John M. Christie, and Peter W. Angus. "Epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia: High prevalence in migrant populations." Gastroenterology 127, no. 2 (August 2004): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.04.064.

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King, Fiona. "Music Activities Delivered by Primary School Generalist Teachers in Victoria: Informing Teaching Practice." Australian Journal of Teacher Education 43, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2018v43n4.10.

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King, Fiona. "Music Activities Delivered by Primary School Generalist Teachers in Victoria: Informing Teaching Practice." Australian Journal of Teacher Education 43, no. 5 (May 2018): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2018v43n5.4.

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