Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Primary Legislation'
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1
Harrison, Peter, and n/a. "A THEORY OF LEGISLATION FROM A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE." University of Canberra. Law, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081204.115715.
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In this thesis I outline a view of primary legislation from a systems perspective. I suggest that systems theory and, in particular, autopoietic theory, as modified by field theory, is a mechanism for understanding how society operates.
The description of primary legislation that I outline differs markedly from any conventional definition in that I argue that primary legislation is not, and indeed cannot be, either a law or any of the euphemisms that are usually accorded to an enactment by a parliament. I cite two reasons for such a conclusion.
The primary reason for my conclusion is that I see primary legislation as being an output of a particular subsystem of society, while the law is the output of another subsystem of society. I argue that these outputs are the discrete products of separate subsystems of society. I argue that primary legislation should be viewed as a trinity. The first state of this trinity is that, upon enactment, primary legislation is a brute fact in that it is but a thing and the only property of this thing is that of being a text. The second state of this trinity is that following the act of enactment, the thing enacted will be reproduced and this reproduction is a separate thing that will sit in some repository until used. The third state of this trinity is that, upon use, this thing that is primary legislation will be transformed into an object and the user will attribute such functions and attributes to that object as are appropriate to the context within which the object is used. The thing has therefore become an object and an institutional fact. The second reason for my conclusion that primary legislation is not a law relates to the fact that the thing that is primary legislation is a text and the only function of a text is that it is available to be read. That is to say, of itself, a text is incapable of doing anything: it is the reader who defines the status of the text and attributes functions and attributes. Upon use, primary legislation thus becomes a censored input for future action and one of these actions may be some statement by a court of law.
I assert that the view of primary legislation that has been accepted within the body politic is the product of the discourse of a particular subsystem of society that I have designated ?the legal practice?, and I outline why and how this has occurred. Outlining a view about primary legislation also necessitates outlining a view as to the nature of the law. I assert that the law is a myth and I see this myth as a product of the discourse of the legal practice. I have asserted that although it is the judges that state the law, such statements flow from the discourse of those who practise the law.
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Wang, Man-ping, and 王文炳. "Impact of the extended smokefree legislation in 2007 on secondhand smoke exposure among primary students in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085714.
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Wang, Man-ping. "Impact of the extended smokefree legislation in 2007 on secondhand smoke exposure among primary students in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085714.
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Rabik, Allison. "United States Deportation Legislation as a Primary Factor Contributing to the Rise of Gang Violence in El Salvador." Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/517.
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Thesis advisor: Jennie PurnellThis thesis discusses, by chapter, the following topics: the rise of gang violence in El Salvador, the structure of gangs in El Salvador, contributing factors to the rise of gang violence in El Salvador, United States deportation legislation, and the deportation of Salvadorans and the nature of their re-assimilation into El Salvador
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Kohlhepp, Beverly Mary. "National legislation and educational provision for children with special needs : a comparative study of the impact of legislation on primary schools in selected rural areas of England and the United States through 1985." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384978.
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Gabriel, Ana Paula Oliveira da Silva. "Contributo para o estudo da segurança sanitária na helicicultura em Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5381.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança AlimentarA legislação alimentar na União Europeia promove a segurança sanitária dos géneros alimentícios desde a produção primária e pelo circuito comercial com o objetivo de proteger a vida e a saúde dos seus consumidores. A União Europeia é o maior importador, a nível mundial, de caracóis terrestres, graças à tradição do seu consumo nos países mediterrânicos, em que Portugal se inclui. A helicicultura é uma atividade na área da produção animal que teve o seu desenvolvimento comercial nas últimas décadas do século XX e que foi reconhecida como tal em Portugal, a nível legislativo, a partir de 2007. De que forma a legislação sobre a segurança sanitária na produção primária é aplicada atualmente neste setor é o objetivo principal do inquérito aplicado, tal como identificar as práticas de maneio produtivo. As respostas dos helicicultores indicam que o setor ainda está numa fase de reconhecimento e que a implementação de regras de higiene transversais à produção animal ainda estão no início e faltam regras específicas relativas ao alimento caracol. As caraterísticas da espécie e as inerentes ao biótopo onde se desenvolvem, indiciam que os perigos devem ser identificados e avaliados os riscos com o objetivo de sugerir práticas específicas para a produção primária e operações conexas, que podem ser materializadas num Código de Boas Práticas.
ABSTRACT - Contribution for the study of food safety in heliculture in Portugal - Food legislation in the European Union (EU) promotes food safety from primary production throughout the food chain, to ensure consumers safety and health. The EU is the world biggest importer of terrestrial snails, given the tradition of their consumption in Mediterranean countries, including Portugal. Heliculture as a production sector was commercially developed in the last decades of the 20th century and has been legislated in Portugal since 2007. The main goal of this work was the assessment of the current application of food safety legislation for primary production to snail farming using a questionnaire which also aims to identify management and production practices. The answers collected from the snail farmers show that the sector is still being developed and the implementation of transversal hygiene standards to livestock primary production are in early stages. Some specific rules related to snail as a food stuff are still missing. Species characteristics and the biotope where snails grow, suggest that hazards should be identified and risks assessed in order to promote specific practices for primary production and associated operations, that should be brought together in a Guide to Good Practice.
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Day, Elizabeth. "Wellbeing in primary education : an investigation into the teacher's role in children's wellbeing in the light of education legislation, policy and practice." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12844.
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There is a growing body of interest in wellbeing across political, educational and social bodies in the UK. The thinking behind this is for human as well as economic reasons, to help people make more informed choices in their lives. There are suggestions to measure wellbeing more often and use that data to help government improve policies and enable companies and individuals to live more productive lives for example by considering being more altruistic to improve personal and family wellbeing during a time of financial austerity (O’Donnell, 2014: 9). There is a fundamental problem however in that there is no common understanding of what wellbeing is across different bodies and agencies, including education, mainly because the term is subjectively defined. Yet teachers are required to report to parents on children’s wellbeing and also safeguard their wellbeing, Teachers’ Standards 2012 (DfE, 2013), but there are no common measures of wellbeing in use nationally. The purpose of this case study is to try to reduce ambiguity about wellbeing issues through identifying gaps in knowledge in the literature about what wellbeing in schools is. The investigation uses qualitative methods and as an inside researcher, to aid authenticity of data, a two-tier approach to gathering data is taken within a constructivist paradigm. The approach enables three voices to be heard, that of pupils and parents (data set one) and then teachers (data set two). The first pupil theme revealed that pupils had a strong sense of connectedness to the school, friends and teachers while the second theme showed approaches to learning that had resonated with pupils. The theme to emerge from parents was a loving community where they felt enabled to entrust their children to teachers who were passionate about their role and evidenced compassion in their working with children. Themes from teachers revealed responsive and enthused professionals who, through collaboration in action learning sets, influenced transition arrangements and ways they felt they could be further empowered in their role. Wellbeing deriving from empowerment through interconnected relationships within and across the three groups leads to an analysis of the community as one that accepts difference. The significance of this for wellbeing in education and policy is discussed.
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Ramonyai, Mothekoa Gratitude. "Evaluating the best interest of a child as a factor influencing the sentencing of the primary caregiver." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3144.
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Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2019This mini-dissertation seeks to evaluate the best interests of the child as a separate factor that influences the sentencing of a primary caregiver. When a parent is in conflict with the law, the child stands to be affected sentence that the court may impose on the caregiver. A custodial sentence has the potential of affecting the child’s right to parental care. Therefore, in the event where a custodial sentence is appropriate, alternative care of the child by other persons become a possible option. The author recommends that after applying the principles articulated in S v M and making use of a child impact report; the right of the child to parental care should carry more weight. Thus, courts should duly consider the best interest of the child as an independent factor when negative effects to the child are associated with the sentence. Where appropriate, with either a non-custodial sentence or adequate alternative care (in the case of imprisonment).
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Szatkowski, Lisa Catherine. "Can primary care data be used to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control policies? : data quality, method development and assessment of the impact of smokefree legislation using data from the Health Improvement Network." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11902/.
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Background: Smokefree legislation is just one of a number of tobacco control policies introduced in the UK in the last decade in an attempt to curb the harm caused by smoking. Whilst such legislation is known to have reduced non-smokers’ exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, less is known about whether the introduction of a smoking ban encourages existing smokers to attempt to quit and to seek support to do so from appropriate sources such as their general practitioner. High quality data are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of legislation in prompting smokers to change their smoking behaviour, and data collected routinely in primary care may provide such an opportunity. However, there is little contemporary evidence about the quality of the smoking data recorded in primary care, nor how best to analyse these data, which must be addressed before the resource can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control policies. Methods: Initially, a systematic review was undertaken to assess the impact of national comprehensive smokefree legislation on population smoking prevalence, cigarette consumption and quitting behaviour. Then, the quality of smoking status and cessation intervention recording in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database, a large database of UK primary care records, was investigated using indirect standardisation to compare rates of recording with external data sources. Having identified Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) interrupted time series analysis as an appropriate method to assess the impact of smokefree legislation on measures of smoking-related clinical activity recorded in THIN data, several sensitivity analyses were untaken to assess the impact of decisions that must be taken during the data analysis process. In the light of this knowledge, ARIMA models were used to investigate changes in the rate of recording of patients’ smoking status, delivery of cessation advice, referral of smokers to specialist cessation services and prescribing of smoking cessation medications in the months leading up to, and after, the introduction of smokefree legislation. Results: The findings of the systematic review provide some evidence that in populations where well-enforced, comprehensive smokefree policies have been implemented quitting activity increased in the run up to, and/or following, the introduction of the legislation. Assessment of the quality of the smoking information recorded in THIN showed that the data have improved in recent years, such that the recorded prevalence of smoking is now similar to that reported in national surveys. Some uncertainty does, however, remain about the quality of recording of the delivery of cessation advice or referral of smokers to cessation services. ARIMA modelling highlighted a 6.2% increase in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) prescribing in the six months before smokefree legislation was introduced in England, and a 13.2% increase in bupropion prescribing in the three months pre-ban. A 5.5% decline in NRT prescribing and a 13.7% decline in bupropion prescribing were seen in the nine months post-legislation, declines which were offset to an extent, but not completely, by prescribing of varenicline which was first available on prescription in December 2006. Similar, though non-statistically significant, patterns were seen in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, where the smaller number of practices in THIN in these countries reduced the power to detect small changes in prescribing. In England, the patterns of change in prescribing did not differ with patient sex, age group, medical history or social class. Conclusions: The improved quality of the smoking data recorded in the THIN dataset suggests that primary care data may be a valuable resource with which to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control policies such as smokefree legislation. The significant increases in prescribing of NRT and bupropion in the run-up to the introduction of smokefree legislation in the UK suggest that smokers looking to quit may seek support to do so from primary care, though the decline in rates of prescribing post-legislation suggests that this positive change may not be sustained. This may represent a missed opportunity to maximise the impact of smoking bans by ensuring that smokers are aware of, and indeed access, cessation support available through primary care both before and after legislation is enacted, and should be noted by policy makers planning the introduction of smokefree legislation elsewhere. Ensuring that smokers are aware of, and indeed access, the effective support that is available through primary care to help them quit may be one way to maximise the positive impacts of smokefree legislation and reduce the health and economic burdens of continued tobacco use.
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Rammutla, Chuene William Thabisa. "The rights-based approach to development : access to health care services at ratshaatsha community health centre in blouberg municipality of Limpopo." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1294.
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Thesis (M.Dev. (Management and Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013Section 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides that everyone has a right to have access to health care. South Africa embraces the concept of universal health care coverage. Access to health care has four dimensions: geographic accessibility, availability, financial accessibility and acceptability. If there were barriers to access to health care, the stake-holders would be duty-bound to design interventions requisite to address those barriers. The aim of the study was to establish whether health care users enjoy the right to have access to health services at Ratshaatsha Community Health Centre (RCHC). The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research designs. While a questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, focused group discussions and participant observations were employed to collect qualitative data. The following are the main findings of the study. Human rights instruments clearly spell out the indivisible and mutually supportive rights that persons have. There are barriers that often affect the rights to have access to health services at RCHC. For instance, the RCHC is not within a 25 km radius of some of the consumers of health care. The roads that link up the health care users and RCHC are in poor condition. The community is generally poverty-stricken. Many cannot afford, among others, the costs of basic needs, transport fares and opportunity costs. Travelling distance and time, scarce skills and lack of medication and equipment rank among demand-side and supply-side barriers to access to health care. Health care users often choose to consult churches and traditional healers. It is recommended that government should, among others, co-ordinate primary health care services in collaboration with churches and traditional healers; commission research into traditional health medicine and healing procedures and protocols of other health care providers; develop policy on cross-referral of patients; improve community participation; set minimum norms and standards for the delivery of alternative health care services; establish health care management guidelines for churches and traditional healers; integrate health care provisioning into IDPs; and provide health care in an integrated intergovernmental manner.
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Okorodas, Anthony E. "The role of section 2(1) and (4) of the European Communities Act and section 3(1) of the Human Rights Act in the interpretation and application of primary legislation : impact on judicial attitudes to the traditional concept of parliamentary sovereignty." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3160/.
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The main aim of this thesis is to examine, through an analysis of relevant case law, the way in which the courts interpret and apply primary legislation pursuant to the interpretative obligation contained in section 2(1) and (4) of the European Communities Act 1972 and section 3(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998, and to assess current judicial attitudes to the traditional concept of parliamentary sovereignty in the light of the judicial perception of the interpretative obligation in the above-mentioned provisions. As an essential prelude to the examination of the case law on the judicial treatment of the interpretative obligation in the 1972 and 1998 Acts, chapter 2 of the thesis discusses the traditional, Diceyan concept of parliamentary sovereignty. This is considered without the effects of the 1972 and 1998 Acts. This chapter demonstrates that the courts perceived it as their constitutional duty to obey and apply the latest will of Parliament without question. It is observed that no legal grounds could exist for challenging the validity or enforceability of primary legislation. Chapter 3 discusses conventional methods of statutory interpretation. It is observed that conventionally, the principal aim of statutory interpretation is the ascertainment of parliamentary intention in the statute under consideration. Where the intention of Parliament is clear and unambiguous and is not absurd in any way, the courts feel duty-bound to carry out the identified parliamentary intention in line with the rule, demanded by the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, that courts obey without question the latest will of Parliament. The rest of the thesis is devoted to an examination of the way in which the courts use their interpretative powers under section 2(1) and (4) of the 1972 Act and section 3(1) of the 1998 Act when interpreting and applying primary legislation coming within the purview of these enactments. It is argued that while the courts appear to continue to acknowledge the sovereignty or supremacy of Parliament, the case law reveals that in appropriate cases, section 2(1) and (4) of the 1972 Act and section 3(1) of the 1998 Act has enabled judges to interpret and apply primary legislation in a way that substantially challenges the traditional, Diceyan concept of parliamentary sovereignty. They feel able to ignore or otherwise modify the legal effects of unambiguous primary legislation in appropriate cases.
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Garcia, Maria das Graças Schinniger Assun. "O desenho como matéria em Minas Gerais nas décadas de 1940 e 1950." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6931.
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Esta dissertação estuda historicamente a presença do Desenho como matéria escolar no curso primário. Tomou-se como questão norteadora do estudo: Quais as finalidades da matéria Desenho lidas nas diretivas oficiais nacionais e mineiras das décadas de 1940-1950? No recorte temporal adotado – as décadas de 1940 e 1950 – o ensino é regido pela Lei Orgânica do Ensino Primário, de 1946. O estudo se situa no campo da História da educação matemática, tomando como referenciais teóricometodológicos aportes advindos da História Cultural, e considerando-se a cultura escolar e as disciplinas ou matérias como objetos históricos. Foram examinados, além da Lei Orgânica para o Ensino Primário, os Programas em Experiência de Minas Gerais, publicados na década de 1940 e republicados até 1961. Esses Programas trouxeram o Desenho integrado às áreas de ensino, apresentado como matéria auxiliar, que aparece como atividade de expressão, observação e intuição. Assume características rudimentares, ou seja, passa a constituir um ensino consubstanciado com o caráter de iniciação aos saberes escolares; sem nada a dever aos saberes de referência. Pautado nas finalidades dadas para o ensino primário, se mostrou alinhado às matérias escolares constitutivas deste ciclo escolar – aritmética, geometria, língua pátria, história e geografia, ciências e higiene.
This dissertation historically studies the presence of Design as primary school subject matter. It was taken as the guiding question of the study: what are the finities of the drawing matter read in the official national and mining directives of the 1940-1950 decades? In the 1940s and 1950s, the teaching is governed by the Organic Law of Primary Education of 1946. The study is situated in the field of History of Mathematics Education, taking as theoretical-methodological references contributions from Cultural History, and considering school culture and disciplines or subjects as historical objects. In addition to the Organic Law for Primary Education, the Programs in Experience of Minas Gerais, published in the 1940s and republished until 1961, were examined. These programs brought the Integrated Design to teaching areas, presented as an auxiliary material, which appears as an activity of expression, observation and intuition. It assumes characteristics of a discipline based on the perspective of rudiments. By these considerations, it begins to constitute a teaching consubstantiated with the character of initiation to the school knowledge; with nothing to do with reference knowledge. Targeted at the primary education objectives, it was aligned with the school subjects constituting this school year - arithmetic, geometry, mother tongue, history and geography, science and hygiene
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Jalal, Nafeesa. "Agricultural migrant workers navigating the health system: Access, continuity of care and the role of community health workers in De Doorns, Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6362.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Public Health)South Africa has an estimated two million documented and undocumented immigrants. In addition, Statistics South Africa (2014) notes very significant internal migration. This mobile population is affected by chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases such as TB, HIV, and diabetes, although it has a Constitutional right to health and healthcare. Their quality of healthcare and disease control also affects the general population and the burden on the health system can be increased by inadequately managed chronic conditions as well as acute health care needs. Access to healthcare and continuity of care reflect both patient agency and the health system. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play an important role in linking communities and patients to health services and vice versa. The aim of this study was to understand how agricultural migrants in the Cape Winelands District of Western Cape Province of South Africa navigated the healthcare system to access healthcare services including securing continuity of care, and in particular the role of CHWs in this process, in order to inform policy and practice.
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Santos, Palmira Fortunato dos. "Avaliação dos serviços de saúde mental em Moçambique." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7708.
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RESUMO: O instrumento de avaliação de sistemas de saúde mental da organização mundial de saúde (WHO-AIMS)foi usado para a recolha de informações sobre o Programa Nacional de Saúde Mental de Moçambique. O
presente estudo tem como objectivo melhorar o Programa Nacional de Saúde Mental e fornecer um ponto de partida para a monitorização das mudanças. Os resultados do estudo permitirão a Moçambique fortalecer a sua capacidade para desenvolver planos de saúde mental baseados em informações com
pontos de partida e metas bem definidos. O relatório será também útil para a monitorização do progresso da implementação de reformas nas políticas de saúde mental, na disponibilização de serviços de base
comunitária, e no envolvimento dos utentes, seus familiares e outros actores na promoção, prevenção,cuidados e reabilitação em saúde mental.
Tendo em conta os antecedentes históricos da saúde mental em Moçambique, a realidade actual clama por reformas profundas voltadas para uma intervenção mais humanizada e com enfoque nos cuidados primários. É nesse contexto que o estudo realizado apresenta resultados relacionados com as políticas,
legislação, estratégias e planos de acção e financiamento para a saúde mental; serviços de saúde mental;cuidados primários; recursos humanos e ligação com outros sectores chave.
A saúde mental foi avaliada desde o sistema de gestão até ao nível comunitário. Relativamente aos órgãos de gestão, a principal constatação é que existem instrumentos legais para sustentar as iniciativas desta área e influenciar os meios políticos em prol da saúde mental. Todavia, o caminho a percorrer ainda é
longo uma vez que não está ainda aprovada nenhuma lei de saúde mental e os financiamentos para a área não permitem a implementação das reformas necessárias.
Os serviços ao nível clínico debatem-se com a problemática dos recursos humanos (constituídos principalmente por técnicos de psiquiatria) e disponibilidade de psicofármacos. O modelo biopsicossocial
ainda não é implementado integralmente uma vez que são poucos os serviços que oferecem apoio psicossocial (que inclui a reabilitação e reintegração) para além da intervenção farmacológica. Esta pode
ser considerada uma das principais causas de recaídas identificadas em todas as províncias.
Há uma necessidade urgente de se realizarem pesquisas e levantamentos epidemiológicos que possam servir de suporte para a advocacia em saúde mental com vista a melhoria dos cuidados a prestar aos
pacientes e comunidade. Os instrumentos de recolha de informação de rotina não são adequados limitando a fidelidade dos dados recolhidos e a possibilidade de uma gestão dos serviços de saúde mental que responda as reais necessidades da população.
Em suma, os resultados aqui apresentados mostram que Moçambique tem uma base que pode ser considerada uma mais valia para a reforma do sistema de saúde mental. Existem, ainda que escassos, recursos como humanos, infra-estruturas e legislação para a prestação dos serviços clínicos. É preciso
investir na saúde mental para que os recursos existentes sejam melhorados e expandidos, apostando na criação de equipas multidisciplinares e qualificação das equipas de gestão e equipas clínicas. --------ABSTRACT: The World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Services (WHO-AIMS) was used
to collect information about the National Mental Health Program of Mozambique. The present study aims to improve the National Mental Health Program and provide a starting point for monitoring change. The study results will allow Mozambique to strengthen its capacity to develop mental health plans based on information with starting points and well-defined goals. The report will also be useful for monitoring the progress of implementation of reforms in mental health policies, the provision of community-based
services, and involvement of users, their families and other stakeholders in the promotion, prevention, care and rehabilitation in mental health.
Given the historical background of mental health in Mozambique, the current situation calls for reforms aimed at a more humane intervention focused on primary care. In this context, the study presents results
related to policies, legislation, strategies and action plans and funding for mental health; mental health services; primary care; human resources and liaison with other key sectors. Mental health was assessed from the management system to the community level. With regard to the management, the main observation is that there are legal instruments to support the initiatives in this area and to influence the political means on behalf of mental health. However, the pathway is still long as it is not yet approved any Mental Health Law and the funding for the area do not allow the
implementation of necessary reforms.
Services at the clinical level are struggling with the issue of human resources (consisting primarily of psychiatrist technicians) and availability of psychotropic drugs. The biopsychosocial model is not yet fully implemented since there are few services providing psychosocial support (including rehabilitation and reintegration) in addition to pharmacological intervention. This can be considered a major cause of
relapse identified in all provinces.
There is an urgent need to conduct research and epidemiological surveys which could provide support for advocacy in mental health in order to improve the mental health car for the patients and community. The
routine data collection instruments are not appropriate limiting the fidelity of the data collected and the possibility of a management of mental health services that meets the real needs of the population.
In summary, the results presented here show that Mozambique has a groundwork that can be considered an asset for the reform of mental health system. There are, though scarce, human resources, infrastructure and legislation for the provision of clinical services. It’s necessary to invest in mental health so that existing resources are improved and expanded, and to invest on the creation of multidisciplinary teams and qualification of management teams and clinical teams.
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Hsu, Selene M. "Evaluating U.S. and E.U. Competition and Supremacy Legislation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/583.
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How did EU and US legislation go from initially appearing to be the same, if not mirroring each other, to differing significantly in their execution of competition legislation goals? Why did the US take a more authoritative tone in enforcing interstate competition legislation? And if the EU is so inclined to mimic US policies 50 years ago, why didn’t their competition enforcement take the same form today? I hypothesize that the US and EU’s legislative history with regulating governmental supremacy is part of the clue to answering for these differences.
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Romero, Collado Ángel. "Prescripción enfermera en España: práctica profesional y limbo jurídico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145923.
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Nurse prescribing has experienced much legislative confusion over the past 40 years in Spain. Nonetheless, primary care nurses prescribe medications, most frequently standard childhood vaccinations, antiseptics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and health care supplies such as consumables for diabetes care, wound care products used to prevent and treat chronic wounds, and supplies needed by patients with urinary incontinence. Therefore, nurse prescription is usual practice, whether it is autonomous or a collaborative effort with doctors and care protocols, even though the regulation of this activity lags behind daily practice. On the other hand, primary care nurses have greater knowledge than doctors do about certain medications and health care supplies and their use, such as those used for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Care for patients with pressure ulcers, or at risk of developing them, tends to be provided by nurses. Therefore, this research uses the topic of caring for pressure ulcers to illustrate the merits of the legislation permitting nurse prescription. This achievement is expected to contribute to the development and strengthening of the nursing professionLa prescripció infermera (PI) a Espanya ha patit una legislació confusa i canviant durant els darrers gairebé 40 anys. Això no obstant, les infermeres d’atenció primària prescriuen medicaments; els més prescrits són les vacunes, els antisèptics i els antiinflamatoris no esteroïdals, i productes sanitaris com el material fungible que fan servir les persones que pateixen diabetis, els apòsits per a la prevenció i el tractament de ferides cròniques i els productes per a la incontinència d’orina. Per això, la PI és una pràctica habitual, de forma autònoma i col·laborativa mitjançant protocols, tot i que la regulació d'aquesta activitat no estigui d'acord amb la pràctica. Les infermeres d’atenció primària tenen millors coneixements que els metges sobre determinats medicaments i productes sanitaris, en especial els que es fan servir per a la prevenció i el tractament de les nafres per pressió. La cura de les persones que pateixen o es troben en risc de patir nafres per pressió, que majoritàriament recau en les infermeres, és un camp que ha servit en aquesta investigació per mostrar que la PI no constitueix un canvi legislatiu sense fonament
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Holm, Cyril. "F. A. Hayek's Critique of Legislation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236890.
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The dissertation concerns F. A. Hayek’s (1899–1992) critique of legislation. The purpose of the investigation is to clarify and assess that critique. I argue that there is in Hayek’s work a critique of legislation that is distinct from his well-known critique of social planning. Further that the main claim of this critique is what I refer to as Hayek’s legislation tenet, namely that legislation that aims to achieve specific aggregate results in complex orders of society will decrease the welfare level. The legislation tenet gains support; (i) from the welfare claim – according to which there is a positive correlation between the utilization of knowledge and the welfare level in society; (ii) from the dispersal of knowledge thesis – according to which the total knowledge of society is dispersed and not available to any one agency; and (iii) from the cultural evolution thesis – according to which evolutionary rules are more favorable to the utilization of knowledge in social cooperation than are legislative rules. More specifically, I argue that these form two lines of argument in support of the legislation tenet. One line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the dispersal of knowledge thesis. I argue that this line of argument is true. The other line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the cultural evolution thesis. I argue that this line of argument is false, mainly because the empirical work of political scientist Elinor Ostrom refutes it. Because the two lines of argument support the legislation tenet independently of each other, I argue that Hayek’s critique of legislation is true. In this dissertation, I further develop a legislative policy tool as based on the welfare claim and Hayek’s conception of coercion. I also consider Hayek’s idea that rules and law are instrumental in forging rational individual action and rational social orders, and turn to review this idea in light of the work of experimental economist Vernon Smith and economic historian Avner Greif. I find that Smith and Greif support this idea of Hayek’s, and I conjecture that it contributes to our understanding of Adam Smith’s notion of the invisible hand: It is rules – not an invisible hand – that prompt subjects to align individual and aggregate rationality in social interaction. Finally, I argue that Hayek’s critique is essentially utilitarian, as it is concerned with the negative welfare consequences of certain forms of legislation. And although it may appear that the dispersal of knowledge thesis will undermine the possibility of carrying out the utilitarian calculus, due to the lack of knowledge of the consequences of one’s actions – and therefore undermine the legislation tenet itself – I argue that the distinction between utilitarianism conceived as a method of deliberation and utilitarianism conceived as a criterion of correctness may be used to save Hayek’s critique from this objection.
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Shieh, Cynthia Lushiuen. "O que ensinar nas diferentes escolas públicas primárias paulistas: um estudo sobre os programas de ensino (1887-1929)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-22062010-141230/.
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O estudo aqui apresentado insere-se na linha de pesquisa História da Educação e Historiografia. Trata-se da análise dos programas de ensino produzidos entre 1887 e 1929 no Estado de São Paulo, identificando os saberes escolares (matérias e conteúdos) escolhidos para serem ensinados nos seguintes tipos de escolas públicas primárias existentes no período: as escolas isoladas, as escolas-modelo, os grupos escolares, as escolas-modelo isoladas e as escolas reunidas. Para cada uma dessas modalidades de escolas, havia um programa de ensino específico a ser cumprido, significando, portanto, que as crianças que as freqüentavam não tinham a oportunidade de acesso aos mesmos saberes escolares. A partir do exame dos programas de ensino - os quais eram incorporados na legislação escolar ou publicados sob a forma de anexos na mesma - buscou-se atentar para aspectos como a permanência, o acréscimo e/ou a exclusão de determinados saberes escolares, além do modo como esses eram apresentados, isto é, se eram apenas descritas as matérias que deviam ser ensinadas ou se eram também detalhados os conteúdos de cada uma delas. Com isso, foi possível concluir que as finalidades principais das escolas primárias eram a nacionalização e a moralização dos alunos, embora, no caso das escolas isoladas, aquelas não tenham sido seus focos iniciais. Outro objetivo da pesquisa foi procurar referências à questão dos programas de ensino feitas por diversos profissionais da educação ao longo do período. Para isso, foram investigados relatórios de professores, de diretores de escolas-modelo e de grupos escolares (encontrados sob a forma de manuscritos), bem como de inspetores escolares. Nesse caso, eles também consistem em manuscritos, mas posteriormente passaram a ser incluídos nos Anuários do Ensino do Estado de São Paulo (1907-1926). Além disso, foram estudados textos de três periódicos educacionais paulistas cujos colaboradores, geralmente, ocupavam posições de destaque na hierarquia do sistema público de ensino do Estado de São Paulo (professores e exalunos da Escola Normal, diretores de escolas, entre outros): Revista de Ensino (1902-1918), Revista Escolar (1925-1927) e Educação (1927-1929). O recurso aos relatórios de ensino e às publicações pedagógicas permitiu entrever, especialmente, a participação ativa dos diversos sujeitos escolares no tocante ao debate em torno do que ensinar nas escolas primárias. Como fundamentação teórica, os principais autores utilizados foram André Chervel e Dominique Julia, que propõem a história das disciplinas escolares como meio de desvendar a cultura escolar, além de Ivor Goodson, um dos expoentes da história do currículo.This study is included in the field of Education History and Historiography. It is an analysis about the courses of studies elaborated between 1887 and 1929 in São Paulo, identifying the school knowledge (subjects and contents) selected to be teached in the following types of public primary schools existed in the period: isolated schools, model schools, graded schools, isolated model schools and reunited schools. For each model of school, there was a specific course of studies to be complied, meaning, thus, that the children that they attended couldnt have access to the same school knowledge. Through the investigation of the course of studies - that were incorporated in school legislation or attached in it - it aimed to pay attention to aspects as stability, addiction, and/or exclusion of certain school knowledge, besides the way that they were presented, it means, if only they described the subjects to be teached or if they detailed the contents of each one. This way, it was possible to conclude that the main goals of the primary schools were the nationalization and the moralization of the students. However, in case of isolated schools, those werent the initial focus. Other intent of this research was look for references about the issue of course of studies made by different educational professionals during the period. For this objective, it were analyzed teachers, principals of model schools and graded schools (they are found as manuscripts) and inspectors reports. In this case, they also can be found as manuscripts, but later they were included in the Anuários do Ensino do Estado de São Paulo (1907-1926). Besides, it were investigated texts published in three educational magazines which authors, generally, kept high positions in the hierarchy of São Paulos public educational system (teachers and old students of Normal School, principals of schools, and others): Revista de Ensino (1902-1918), Revista Escolar (1925-1927) and Educação (1927-1929). Through the utilization of the educational reports and the educational magazines it was able to note the active participation of the different educational professionals involving discussion about what to teach in primary schools. As theoretical standpoint, the main authors that have been used were André Chervel and Dominique Julia, who suggest the history of school subjects as a way to discover the school culture, and Ivor Goodson, one of the exponents of the history of curriculum.
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Støvne, Eivind Myklebust, and Isak Søgaard Vallinder. "Energy efficiency in glass buildings : A study about the energy efficiency of glass buildings in Stockholm and how related demands are met." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278157.
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The building and property sector stands for one third of the final energy usage in Sweden and this should be diminished, in order to reach goals within environmental sustainability. Glass is a poor thermal insulator but nevertheless a popular choice of material when constructing new buildings. The contradiction between need of energy efficiency and the wish for “glass buildings” led to the subject of this report. This Bachelor’s thesis examines how demands on energy efficiency is met in nine glass buildings in Stockholm. Glass buildings and the current legislation is discussed from a perspective of environmental sustainability. This was done by investigating the demands stated by Boverket from a historical perspective, executing quantitative measurements of heat transfer on elected objects, and interviewing stakeholders linked to the buildings and the Swedish legislation. The study shows that the construction of glass buildings has been possible due to a restructuring of the demands on energy efficiency and technical development. It was found, in most cases, that the shares of glass were in fact lower than apparent. A larger share of glass in the building envelope required creative measures to achieve energy solutions, within legislative demands. Nevertheless, the inlet of solar radiation heat is the greatest challenge. Despite the challenges, the desire for glass is rooted in well-being and aesthetic values, which insinuate that glass buildings will be included in the cityscape henceforth. The conclusions drawn from these results are that the energy performance of glass buildings is still weaker than conventional “solid wall buildings”. Enhancement regarding insulation abilities and improvements of excluding solar radiation must be realized to strengthen the environmental sustainability of this category of buildings.Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för en tredjedel av den slutliga energianvändningen i Sverige, vilken måste minimeras för att nå miljömässiga hållbarhetsmål. Att bygga i glas är populärt bland moderna byggnader, trots att glas har relativt låg termisk isolationsförmåga. Motsättningen mellan behovet av energieffektivitet och efterfrågan på “glashus” skapade ämnet för denna rapport. Detta kandidatexamensarbete utforskar hur energieffektivitetskrav möts i nio olika glasbyggnader i Stockholm. Glashus och nuvarande lagstiftning diskuteras ur ett miljömässigt hållbarhetsperspektiv. Detta gjordes genom undersökningar av Boverkets krav ur ett historiskt perspektiv, kvantitativa mätningar av värmeflöden, samt intervjuer med aktörer kopplade till byggnaderna och svensk bygglagstiftning. Studien visar att byggnation av glashus har blivit möjlig på grund av en omstrukturering av energieffektivitetskraven samt teknisk utveckling. Det visade sig att andelen glas i de undersökta byggnaderna oftast var lägre än det såg ut. Större andel glas i klimatskalet krävde kreativa åtgärder för att uppnå energilösningar inom lagstiftningen. Det visade sig också att solinstrålning var den största energiutmaningen för glasbyggnaderna. Trots utmaningarna finns värden anknutna till estetik och välmående som skapar en efterfrågan på glashus, och detta leder till att glashus fortfarande kommer inkluderas i stadsmiljön framöver. En slutsats från arbetet är att energiprestandan i glasbyggnader är svagare än för konventionella “tätväggsbyggnader”. Förbättringar av glaskonstruktionen gällande isolationsförmåga och utestängning av värme från solinstrålning måste realiseras för att stärka den miljömässiga hållbarheten för denna byggnadskategori.
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Santos, Valdecí Josefa de Jesus. "Uma investigação acerca dos saberes matemáticos na formação de normalistas em Sergipe." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5180.
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This paper introduce the results about a study that sought to analyze how mathematical knowledge were organized (Arithmetica, Algebra, Geometry and Design) the Normal course of the Rui Barbosa Educational Institute (IERB) in the State of Sergipe, from the published legislation of 1890 years to 30 years of the 20th century. Therefore, the specific objectives they were drawn: map research carried out the theme on the subject study, starting from the productions in Sergipe, in GHEMAT and Brazil; identify the continuities and the changes in the organization of mathematical knowledge present in the official documents published between the period 1890 to 1930 and identify the type or the method of education prepared to mathematical knowledge for the formation of the primary teachers. The research refers to a qualitative study, of historical in nature and documentary. Valente (2013), Chartier (1990, 2002), Chervel (1990), Le Goff (2003), among other theorists, served as guidance and define base for methodological paths and interpretation of the sources and facts. As main sources were considered official determinations (regulations, laws and teaching programs) specific for the Normal Course after the Proclamation of the Republic. The Public File collections of Sergipe, Public Library Epifânio Dórea, the Official Gazette of Sergipe and the file of Rui Barbosa Educational Institute were prime places for data collection. On examination of the sources were identified math records in the formation of the primary teachers from the beginning of the organization of the course. The mathematics were directed to teaching subject of arithmetica, algebra, geometry and design, but the arithmetic knowledge It has a prominent position, as much as a requirement for admission in the course, as subject recommended in all documents analyzed.Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou analisar como foram organizados os saberes matemáticos (Arithmetica, Álgebra, Geometria e Desenho) para o Curso Normal do Instituto de Educação Rui Barbosa (IERB) no Estado de Sergipe, a partir da legislação publicada dos anos 1890 aos anos 30 do século XX. Para tanto, foram delineados os objetivos específicos: mapear pesquisas realizadas sobre a temática em estudo, partindo das produções em Sergipe, no GHEMAT e no Brasil; identificar as continuidades e as mudanças na organização dos saberes matemáticos presentes nos documentos oficiais publicados entre o período de 1890 até 1930, e identificar o tipo ou o modelo de ensino voltado aos saberes matemáticos para a formação das normalistas. A pesquisa remete a um estudo qualitativo, de natureza histórica e documental. Valente (2013), Chartier (1990, 2002), Chervel (1990), Le Goff (2003), dentre outros teóricos, serviram como orientação e base conceitual aos encaminhamentos metodológicos e interpretação das fontes e fatos. Como fontes principais foram consideradas as determinações oficiais (regulamentos, leis e programas de ensino) prescritas para o Curso Normal após a Proclamação da República. Os acervos do Arquivo Público de Sergipe, da Biblioteca Pública Epifânio Dórea, do Diário Oficial de Sergipe e do Arquivo do Instituto de Educação Rui Barbosa foram locais privilegiados para coleta de dados. No exame das fontes foram identificados registros da presença da matemática na formação das normalistas desde o princípio da organização do curso. As mathematicas estiveram voltadas ao ensino das matérias de Arithmetica, Álgebra, Geometria e Desenho, porém os saberes arithmeticos assumiram lugar de destaque, tanto como exigência para admissão no curso, como matéria preconizada em todos os documentos analisados.
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Tormo, Benavent David. "L’ensenyament primari i la construcció de l’Estat liberal (1834-1931). De la teoria legislativa a l’aplicació pràctica: El cas del partit judicial de Gandesa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/22703.
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El liberalisme polític tenia entre les seves premisses l’expansió de l’educació al conjunt de tota la població. La construcció d’un sistema educatiu universal, amb l’ensenyament primari com a base, havia de servir per transformar,a través del coneixement, als súbdits de l’Antic Règim en ciutadans lliures.
Aquesta idea fou recollida pel liberals espanyols a la Constitució de 1812, però no es va poder endegar la seva execució fins el 1834. Aleshores, però, les tesis del liberalisme moderat s’havien imposat, instrumentalitzant el sistema educatiu primari públic dissenyat pels nous governs liberals.
L’Estat va ser l’encarregat de dissenyar el sistema, legislant i reglamentant tots els seus aspectes, des del nombre d’escoles, fins als salaris dels mestres, la seva formació o l’edat dels alumnes ..., a l’hora d’executar aquest conjunt legislatiu, però, va traslladar la seva responsabilitat a les administracions locals, que hagueren de fer-hi front amb els seus propis recursos.
La inhibició de l’Estat en l’execució pràctica del sistema educatiu de l’ensenyament primari va desembocar en el seu fracàs. La manca de recursos propis de molts ajuntaments, així com certa desídia per part d’algunes autoritats municipals, van esdevenir un greu escull pel desenvolupament de la xarxa escolar i per la pròpia supervivència econòmica de molts docents.
El mal estat dels centres escolars, molts d’ells sense les mínimes condicions higièniques i poc aptes per la docència; el retard crònic en el pagament dels sous, que condemnava molts mestres a la misèria; el control ideològic sobre els docents exercit des dels ajuntaments i les parròquies; l’excessiva burocratització del sistema educatiu, centralitzat i molt jerarquitzat; la manca d’inversions estatals, ni en edificis escolars ni en Escoles Normals per la formació dels docents; ... van ser alguns dels problemes que van assolar l’ensenyament primari al llarg de gairebé un segle.
Les diverses reformes legislatives impulsades durant aquest període, amb noves lleis d’instrucció pública i un llarg nombre de reials decrets i altres mesures, van ser incapaces de solucionar els problemes crònics de l’ensenyament primari. Uns problemes que tenien el seu origen en la pròpia concepció del sistema educatiu primari, que deixava en mans dels ajuntaments la execució de les mesures legislatives, obligant-los a assumir, dels seus propis fons, el cost del seu finançament, des de la construcció dels edificis escolars, fins al sou dels mestres.
Aquests mals, que eren comuns al conjunt de les poblacions de l’estat, eren encara més greus al món rural. Els petits municipis, desproveïts de part dels seus béns amb la desamortització de 1855, eren incapaços de fer front al conjunt de les despeses que suposava sustentar i impulsar l’ensenyament primari. Unes despeses que, en poblacions de menys de 2.000 habitants, podien arribar a suposar el 40% del pressupost municipal.
El present treball aborda la realitat escolar d’una zona rural del sud de Catalunya, el partit judicial de Gandesa, format, actualment, per la comarca de la Terra Alta i part de la Ribera d’Ebre. A partir de l’anàlisi de la legislació emesa pels diferents governs liberals al llarg del període estudiat, es comprova quina fou la seva aplicació pràctica en els divuit municipis del partit judicial, cap d’ells amb més de 4.000 habitants, detallant els problemes existents i els conflictes derivats de l’obligació de complir amb unes mesures imposades des del govern sense comptar amb els recursos econòmics necessaris per fer-ho.
L’anàlisi pràctica s’estructura a través de tres eixos fonamentals: els centres escolars, el professorat i els alumnes, les tres peces bàsiques per fer possible l’ensenyament.This thesis investigates the development of the education system in Spain between 1834 and 1931. The advancement of the power of the liberal sectors in 1834 signified the end of the old regime and opened the way for the construction of a political liberal system based on a parliamentary monarchy. Proponents of the theoretical concept of the European political liberalism, Spanish governments drove forward the expansion of a universal education system. The objective of these measures, on a theoretical level, was to provide the whole population with the basic knowledge needed to succeed in transforming the subjects of the old regime into free citizen. The state was the responsible conceptionalizer for a whole century - of an education system which was based on primary education, the only education system which was obligatory and universal. The problem of the Spanish project was the inhibition of the state to execute primary education practically, as it was left to municipal authorities, which had to take care of the financing (construction of schools, dotations of materials, payment of teachers...) with its own resources. The shortage of economic resources of many Spanish municipal authorities, the majority in the agricultural sector, resulted in the failure of the primary education system. Evidence of this development is the slowly growth of the illiteracy rate during this period as well the chronic problems which affected the primary education system. (a lack of school centers, the very bad conditions of the exiting schools, delayed payments of salaries...) From school legislation passed during the whole period, this thesis analyses the problems and conflicts which brought along the practical application in the rural areas in the south of Catalonia, in the district of Gandesa. A territory with small population density, an economy exclusively based on the agrarian sector and isolated from the big urban and industrial centers.
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Spriet, Anne-Françoise. "La faute inexcusable de l'employeur : étude de cas concrets dans le cadre de la caisse primaire d'assurance maladie de la Gironde." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25291.
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Bierman, Johanna Katriena. "Legal limitations in primary health care nursing practice." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4392.
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M.Cur.The legal limitations in the practice of the Primary Health Care nurse (PHC nurse)' in the RSA have direct implications for the achievement of the goal "Health for all by the year 2000". The questions which had to be answered by means of the research are in relation to the legal limitations, the nature and scope of the limitations as well as to how these limitations should be addressed in order to facilitate the practice of the PHC nurse. A content analysis of selected health legislation was done and recommendations formulated to amend and/or clarify certain health legislation. The research design is an exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative research orientation. A content analysis of certain professional and relevant health legislation showed legal limitations in the practice of the PHC nurse. Experts in the field of PHC who were interviewed confirmed that there are limitations in the practice of the PHC nurse. The limitations identified were the following: • limitations in certain health professions and other health legislation • limitations caused by the interpretation of legislation by health professions • limitations due to the attitudes and perceptions of medical practitioners, pharmacists and nurses in respect of the role and functions of the PHC nurse The conclusions indicate that there are limitations in the practice of the PHC nurse which have direct implications for the achievement of the objectives of the National Health Policy, 1989. Recommendations include the amendment of certain health legislation, addressing limitations caused by attitudes and perceptions at educational, professional, policy making and management levels, for nurses, medical practitioners and pharmacists.
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Sullivan, Michael D. "Indiana education : English learner instruction at the primary level." 2013. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1738942.
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The number of students enrolled in United States public schools speaking a language other than English in their homes doubled over the last decade. In Indiana more than 60% of all public school districts reported having at least one English Learner student enrolled. It is projected that Indiana EL enrollment will increase 21% by the year 2021 (National Center for Education, 2009). These statistics make EL students, those
students whose native language is not English, the fastest growing demographic in the
Indiana public school system. As such, there is a need to know, and adhere to, the numerous laws that govern EL education in America.
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) allows for state-specific guidelines concerning EL education, but it monitors the states’ progress of the EL student federally. Schools that do not have EL students who show adequate progress are subject to a loss of funding or closure for failing to serve all of their enrolled student population. This has caused many Indiana schools to review their EL practices and procedures when considering
instructional strategies. This study examined the history of EL education and what Indiana schools at the elementary level are doing enough to prepare EL students.Department of Educational Leadership
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Kubovčiaková, Helena. "Pozice školního metodika prevence a změny v jeho činnosti." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434822.
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School prevention methodist plays a key role in the successful elimination of risky behavior in the school environment. His function has undergone changes since its establishment, as has the context of its operation. This thesis is focused on the process of generating the position of a prevention methodist and the changes that have affected his current position. It also outlines current issues related to the performance of the function of school preventionist. The theoretical part presents the current legislative framework in which the school prevention methodist operates, as well as earlier legislation, and draws attention to the possible pitfalls of some legal norms. It also places the person of the ŠMP in the intra-ministerial system of school prevention and more broadly in the inter-ministerial organization of prevention. For a better understanding of the current situation, the theoretical part of the work opens a look into the history of prevention in the Czech Republic, or ČSFR, respectively. It characterizes the basic concepts associated with the person of the school prevention methodist, ie primary prevention, risk behavior, etc. The essential part is devoted to a broader understanding of the role of school prevention methodist through a look at the development of his function and the...
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Chimhenga, Sylod. "An assessment of the factors affecting the implementation of inclusive education for children with learning disabilities in Zimbabwean primary schools." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18876.
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The present study assessed the factors that affect the implementation of inclusive education for children with learning disabilities in Zimbabwean primary schools. The assessment serves as a context for finding ways of dealing with challenges and proposing a model of implementing inclusive education for children with learning disabilities. The survey method was used in the empirical study and a self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data. Two hundred and fifty primary school teachers, twenty education officers and thirty college/university lecturers participated in the study. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16.0 was used to analyse data. Frequency tables and ratios were calculated to establish the relative rating of each item. Chi-square tests were also calculated.
This study revealed that primary school teachers lacked training to assist children with learning disabilities in their classes. The study also revealed that the primary schools did not have material resources to implement inclusive education for children with learning disabilities. The current study also established that the stakeholders had negative attitudes towards the implementation of inclusive education for children with learning disabilities. Findings of the study also revealed that there was no inclusive education policy for the implementation of inclusive education for children with learning disabilities in primary schools.
The present study recommended that the implementation of inclusive education for children with learning disabilities in primary schools would be improved through the professional preparation and training of Zimbabwean school teachers, the availability of trained teachers, the provision of resources and the need to formulate mandatory policies and legislation for the implementation of inclusive education.Inclusive Education
D. Ed. (Inclusive Education)
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HOMMER, Roman. "Negativní jevy na ZŠ a současná legislativa." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-381081.
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The diploma thesis deals with the theme of negative effects (forms of risk behaviour) at elementary schools pupils in Český Krumlov and mentions valid legilslation in the field of the risk behaviour primary prevention at school-compulsory choldren and youngsters. The theoretical part describes chosen socially-pathologic effects, the system of primary prevention and MŠMT legislation and other ministries as well in the field of risk behaviour prevention, as well as preventive aktivity of the institutions and organizations in the area of the city of Český Krumlov according to valid laws. The diploma thesis in the practical part includes empirical research performed at chosen elementary schools in Český Krumlov among teachers mapping their experience with the most frequent risk behaviour forms of pupils and further their knowledge and valid legislation usage inthe field of preventation both at schools and duringafter-school activities.
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Li-ChingTsai and 蔡麗青. "The Analysis in Institutional Change of Democratic Progressive Party's Legislator Primary Election─The Example of Tainan Legislator Primary Election In 2011." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29121981118698072135.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
政治經濟學研究所專班
100
The importance of the primary election system to the election is as in the election campaigns to political parties. The nomination system is the key to decide whether we can select the capable persons for nation and further advance uncorrupted and justicial politics and democratization. As in present political ecology that party politics is equivalent to democratic politics, the primary election system of political parties doubtless deserves to pay our attention and closer understanding. Based on the primary election system of the DPP (Democratic Progressive Party) being the most adequate traceability one in Taiwan’s political parties and keep improving to towards democratization. This paper intend to survey the theoretical and practical of the primary election system by focusing mainly on the primary election system of the DPP, secondarily on that of the KMT (Kuomintang) and finally on comparing with that of foreign political parties in order to submit some constructive suggestions in the nomination system of Taiwan’s political parties to be reference in the future reform of the primary election systems of political parties. The primary election system of the DPP is closely linked to its historical development. From non-partisan period to the present, the DPP experienced a succession of system reform from cadre assessment, party member voting, electorate’s referendum to public opinion survey. In the 2011 presidential and legislator primary elections, the DPP adopted the primary election method decided by the public opinion survey in lieu of years’ voting method by party members as a result of the decision made by the Ministry of Justice that the membership fees paid by the political party were included in the scope of the bribery investigation. What kind of influence would arise from such a change? What are its relevant factors? And whether there is a mutual influence between it and the election system. All of them are a part of the emphasis of discussion of this paper. The purpose of this paper was to undertake a research on the reason for the reform of the DPP’s primary election system and the sequential influence on the basis of the regional constituent legislator election by adopting the research approach of historical institutionalism and further to draw conclusions and substantial suggestions.
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Rammutla, Chuene William Thabisa. "The rights-based approach to development :|baccess to health care services at Ratshaatsha Community Health Centre in Blouberg Municipality of Limpopo." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2188.
Full text
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Mchazime, Hartford Skaliot. "Effects of English as medium of instruction on pupils' academic achievement in social studies in primary schools in Malawi." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/882.
Full textAbstract:
The current language policy in education in Malawi allows pupils to be taught through local languages form Standard 1 to 4 and through English from Standard 5 upwards. However, classroom observation suggets that teachers use Chichewa as the language of learning even in areas where Chichewa is not the home language of the majority of pupils. Surveys indicate that generally parents feel that their children would be learning better if they started learning through English earlier than in Standard 5.
This study was conducted with a view to finding out whether English is the most appropriate language of learning for senior primary school children in Malawi. The study specifically addressed the question of whether or not the use of English as the language of learning in Social Studies resulted in better academic performance among Standard 7 pupils in Malawi. The study also addressed the question of whether the use of English as the language of learning increased pupil participation in the learning process and whether the use of Chichewa as the language of learning favoured Chichewa home language pupils more than Chiyao home language pupils.
The findings suggest that primary school children in Malawi are not linguistically prepared for instruction through the medium of English. Standard 7 pupils, the target of the study, found it difficult to learn Social Studies through English although they had had three years of English as the language of learing. Their participation in academic work was hampered by their limited mastery of the language.
Pre-test and post-test results show that Standard 7 pupils receiving instruction through Chichewa obtained higher scores than those who were taught in English. When Yao and Chewa children were taught together through the Chichewa medium, the Yao children scored as well as their counterparts whose home language was Chichewa. Thus the study suggests that the use of Chichewa benefited both groups while the use of English seemed to retard their performance. These results imply that the language policy in Malawi and the way teachers are currently trained to teach English in primary schools need to be re-examined and reviewed.English Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (English)
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Vitásková, Lucie. "Kompetence školského sociálního pracovníka v České republice." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410729.
Full textAbstract:
The theoretical part of this work is based on current findings on social work and school social work. The aim is to discuss a possibility to establish school social work in Czech environment and also to highlight any possible obstacles. The first goal in practical part of this thesis aims to identify issues that schools are facing today and whether school social work could help to solve them. The second goal is to examine how members of pedagogical staff perceive the possibility of school social worker. The last goal is to identify the agenda of school social worker in Czech primary and secondary schools. The research was done in the form of semi structured in-depth interview and therefore provides profound insight and complex answers to questions related to school social work. Key words: School social work, social work, education, competencies, primary and secondary school, teacher, headmaster, school counsellor, legislation, funding
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Letochová, Barbora. "Obecně závazné vyhlášky obcí." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326065.
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The Summary Generally Binding Ordinances of the Municipalities This thesis deals with generally binding ordinances of the municipalities. Generally binding ordinances of municipalities are legal regulations containing legal rules, that are creates by municipal council. The competence of municipal councils to pass generally binding ordinances of municipalities is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Czech Republic- Article 104 Paragraph 3 of Constitution of the Czech Republic. This thesis is focused on the phases of life of generally binding ordinances of the municipalities. Thesis is divided into four chapters according to these phases of life of generally binding ordinances of the municipalities. The first chapter is called Passing of generally binding ordinances of the municipalities. This chapter describes complicated process of law creation in the form of municipal legal regulations, from preparing a proposal of a generally binding ordinance of municipality to its becoming effective. The second chapter, called Implemantation of generally binding ordinances of municipalities, deals with implementation of these municipal legal regulations and especially it is focused on sanction of infringement of generally binding ordinances. The third part of thesis, called Supervision over the issuing and content of...
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Hwang, Bih-Yin, and 黃碧吟. "Study on the Local Legislative Council’s Primary and Supplemental Budgetary Decisions." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6ew2h9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士在職專班
94
The purposes of the present study were to explore the legislative fundamental of public budget, to evaluate the current public budget’s technical managerial process and system, to analyze the outcomes of budgetary decision making, to review the political characters of the outcomes of budgetary decision making, and to propose the way to improve the current conflicts of the outcomes. A content analysis was used in this study for analizing the budget statements of the three levels of local governments: the Taipei City, the Taipei County, and the Xinzhuang City of Taipei County. The budget statements and their meeting minutes were collected from the accounting department of these three governments from fiscal years of 2003 to 2006. The budgetary decision making outcomes were chosen to recode by using Rubin’s five views of politics of the public budget which are reform orientation, instrumentalist view, interest groups, budget process, and policy debates. In each supplemental pass, the local legislative body has drawn a summary of requests or recommendations, and the summaries of supplemental passes were categorized according to Rubin’s five budgetary politics. Analysis on the summary of the general resolutions showed that the most frequently found budget politics category was the interest groups in the Taipei City, the policy debate in the Taipei County, and the budget process in the Xinzhuang City of Taipei County, indicating that there was a certain degree of political characteristics in the budgetary decision making during the past 4 fiscal years. There were three types of outcome from budgetary decision making: straight pass and modified pass, and supplemental pass. Analysis on the master resolutions indicates that there the rates for straight pass, modified pass and supplemental pass were 65％, 29％, and 6％ respectively for the Taipei City, 81％, 16％, and 3％, respectively for the Taipei County, and 86％, 4％, and 10％ for the Xinzhuang City of Taipei County. The straight pass rate in the master resolution was highest in the Xinzhuang City of Taipei County among the three levels of governments. The number of addisional resolutions was 228 for the Taipei Cit, 27 for the Taipei County, and 42 for the Xinzhuang City of Taipei County. From analizing contents of the 2003-2006 budgetary documents of these three governments, it was found that the public budget possessed political characteristics to some extent. In conclusion, an administration body proposes budget plans according to the Local Government Law, the budgetary decision making process is a political process between the legislative body and the administrative body, and the outcomes are the assessment of the relationship within the government. In short, the budget process is an interaction between law and politics.
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Patterson, Jerod Thomas. "Interest group policy goals and electoral involvement : lessons from legislative primary challenges." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-3970.
Full textAbstract:
Elections are one way in which interest groups seek to advance their policy goals. Policy studies and election studies have approached this issue differently, leaving unanswered questions about the relationship between interest group policy goals and electoral involvement. This report helps to fill the gaps by applying conventional wisdom to the unstudied question of interest group support for primary challengers. Its findings amend the conventional wisdom in a few key ways. While legislative access does have a negative effect on challenger support, a group-specific measure of access rather than a type-based inference shows the effect to extend beyond groups traditionally thought of as access-seekers. Further, interest in legislative access does not preclude targeted support for challengers by these groups. This suggests that groups may be more sensitive to political circumstances and willing to achieve policy goals through elections than
previously thought.text
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Cheng, Yu-kai, and 鄭宇凱. "Democratic Progressive Party''s legislator primary election continuance and change." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48888470245497647663.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士班
101
Good governance is the foundation of democratic politics, and it had shown many different styles in Public administration. To explore the comprehensive meaning of “Governance”, this study tried to use content analysis approach to investigate the history of Social sciences journal literature in Taiwan. This analysis aimed to merge the data from beginning, procedure, transition on the basis of each key time point and prospect future development, using qualitative, quantitative and social network analysis. We collected many keywords and concepts and the different interpretations from Taiwan''s journal literatur, in order to tease out clear and complete "governance" appearance. Governance should be developed and reformed by the time changes, and is not on the basis of nations as an only object. To integrate public, private organization and voluntary groups as a network could build a strong civil society. The government then becomes a relative powerful organization to collaborate with other organizations. Based on the“Governance”concept, the government can adjust their role and set boundary between state and society. Under such concept, a public governance that citizens seek for can be built. The more deep theoretical analysis was conducted, the better model of governance could be built to lead Taiwan''s civil society.
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Misago, Claire Nancy. "Implementation progress of mental health services in Rwanda: Bugesera district case." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16183.
Full textAbstract:
RESUMO: O Ministério da Saúde do Governo do Ruanda identifica a saúde mental como uma área de prioridade estratégica para a intervenção em resposta à alta carga dos transtornos mentais no Ruanda. Ao longo dos últimos 20 anos após o genocídio, o sector público reconstruiu sua Resposta Nacional de Saúde Mental com base no acesso equitativo aos cuidados, através do desenvolvimento de uma Política Nacional de Saúde Mental e novas estruturas de saúde mental. A política de Saúde Mental do Ruanda, revista em 2010, prima pela descentralização e integração dos serviços de saúde mental em todas as estruturas nacionais do sistema de saúde e ao nível da comunidade. O presente estudo de caso tem como objetivo avaliar a situação do sistema de saúde mental de um distrito típico de uma área rural no Ruanda, e sugerir melhorias, incluindo algumas estratégias para monitoras as mudanças. Os resultados do estudo permitirão ao Ruanda reforçar a sua capacidade para implementar o Plano Nacional de Saúde Mental ao nível dos distritos. O relatório também será útil para monitorar o progresso da implementação de serviços de saúde mental nos distritos, incluindo a prestação de serviços de base comunitária e a participação dos usuários, suas famílias e outros interessados na promoção, prevenção, assistência e reabilitação em saúde mental. Este estudo também procurou avaliar o progresso da implementação dos cuidados de saúde mental a nível descentralizado, com vista a compreender as implicações em termos de recursos desses processos. Foi realizada uma análise situacional num local do distrito, baseado em entrevistas com as principais partes interessadas responsáveis, usando o Instrumento de Avaliação de Sistemas de Saúde Mental da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHO-AIMS). Os resultados sugerem que os recursos humanos para a saúde mental e serviços de base comunitária de saúde mental no distrito continuam a ser extremamente limitados. Os profissionais de saúde mental são adicionalmente limitados na sua capacidade para oferecer intervenções de emergência a pacientes psiquiátricos e garantir a continuidade do tratamento farmacológico a pacientes com condições crônicas. Para planejar efetivamente, de acordo com as necessidades da comunidade, sugerimos que o sistema de saúde mental deve envolver também os representantes das famílias e dos usuários no
processo de planificação de modo a melhorar a sua contribuição no processo de
implementação das atividades de saúde mental.
Este estudo de caso do Distrito de Bugesera oferece a primeira análise de nível distrital
dos serviços de saúde mental no Ruanda, e pode servir como uma mais-valia para a
melhoria do sistema de saúde mental, incluindo a advocacia para a melhoria da
qualidade dos cuidados de saúde mental a este nível, aumentando o financiamento para
a implementação de serviços clínicos de saúde mental e os recursos humanos
disponíveis para a prestação de cuidados de saúde mental, principalmente a nível dos
cuidados primários.--------------------- ABSTRACT: To deal with the high burden of mental health disorders resulting from consequences of the 1994 genocide against Tutsis, the Rwanda Ministry of Health (MoH) considers mental health as a priority intervention. For the last 20 years, Ministry of Health focused on rebuilding a national and equity-oriented mental health program responding to the population needs in mental health. Mental health services are now decentralized and integrated in the national health system, from the community level up to the referral level. This study assessed the situation of mental health services in one rural district in Rwanda. It was aimed at assessing the progress of implementation of mental health care at the decentralized level, focusing on resource implications and processes. This study is based on interviews conducted with key stakeholders, using the World Health Organization's Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). Findings show that human resources for mental health care and community-based mental health services of the assessed district remain extremely limited. Mental health professionals face limitation regarding the ability to provide emergency management of psychiatric patients and to ensure continuity of psychopharmacological treatment of patients with chronic conditions. To improve the implementation process of mental health interventions and activities, a planning process based on community needs and the involvement of representatives of families and users in planning process should be considered. The Bugesera case study on the situation of mental health services can serve as a baseline for improvement of the mental health program in Rwanda, in terms of quality care services, infrastructure and equipment, human and financial resources.
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Gromanová, Lenka. "Výuka náboženství na vybraných základních školách Mostecka a Olomoucka po roce 1989." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334859.
Full textAbstract:
Název anglicky: Religious teaching in selected primary schools of Most and Olomouc after 1989 Autor: Bc. Lenka Gromanová Katedra: Katedra pedagogiky Vedoucí: doc. PhDr. Jiří Prokop PhD. Abstract The diploma thesis titled " Teaching of religion in selected primary schools of Most and Olomouc after the year 1989" offers in its 1st chapter a retrospective look at the history of religious education during the 20th century, and more specifically since the founding of the Czechoslovak Republic to the revolutionary year 1989. The following section of the thesis is devoted to the legislation that deals with the teaching of religion and approach to the religions per se. These include in particular the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms, the Education Act, but in the same time here is not any lack of space for specific educational programs and particular curriculums. In the case of Most region and Olomouc region is outlined historical development and current situation of the teaching about religion. Quantitative research which is stated in the empirical section of the thesis includes a questionnaire survey, which was carried out on five selected primary schools of Most region and Olomouc region. Respondents of the survey were headmasters, students and their parents. Structured interviews with...
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Zuma, Sibusiso Memory. "Framework for provision of essential medicines for the district health services." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22792.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for provision of essential medicines for the district health services. A qualitative descriptive, exploratory and contextual action research design was followed. The data collection was conducted through site visits and semi structured interviews targeting the responsible pharmacists who were purposively selected on the basis of their expert knowledge and experiences from the eight of the nine provinces of the Republic of South Africa which is a developing country with limited resources for provision of healthcare services.
The study found that there was no standardised framework for provision of essential medicines for the District Health Services. Based on the site visits and action research findings a proposed framework covering the selection, procurement, warehousing, distribution and management support components for provision of essential medicines for district health services was developed and subjected to national pharmaceutical experts and district health services managers review and critique which is finally presented, after taking into consideration the experts inputs as a proposed framework emanating from the study. The proposed framework will contribute towards improving the provisioning and availability of essential medicines within the district health services.Health Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Kracíková, Kristýna. "Sociálně-pedagogické přístupy v práci školního metodika prevence na ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336496.
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Abscract: This thesis deals with The socio-pedagogical approaches in the work of the school methodology of prevention in elementary school. The aim of this thesis is determine what kinds of approach and techniques are used by school prevention methodologists in their line of work, and how do they reflect on them. It discusses the types of social pedagogical approach and selected techniques used by a school prevention methodologist in their line of work. It recounts the specifics of their role and their job description. It looks into the legislative ambit of this occupational field, the methodologist's education, categorization, qualifications and rewards. It describes the ideal personality of a methodologist, draws attention to the risks of their work and the ethical aspect of the occupation. It focuses on specific activities within the job description of a school prevention methodologist. It defines selected types of social pedagogical approach and techniques, and incorporates them into the practical ambit. The empirical part of this thesis verifies the theoretical part by research. The results of research show that school prevention methodologists use various socio-pedagogical approaches. They also use a varied range of socio-pedagogical techniques, provided there is a necessary time range available. The...
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Matějovská, Renata. "Management preprimárního vzdělávání v letech 2007-2017 z pohledu ředitelů mateřských škol." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390536.
Full textAbstract:
Diploma thesis deals with the management of pre-primary education in 2007-2017 by the eyes of nursery school directors. The thesis describes the management, the role of the headmaster of the kindergarten, basic school legislation of the Czech Republic, key words - management, nursery school director, MEYS legislation, competences of the nursery school director, educational policy. The practical part focused on research into changes in legislation from 2007-2017 by the eyes of nursery school directors and on management in pre-primary education for 10 years from the perspective of nursery school directors. KEYWORDS Career order, Competencies of the Director kindergartens, Director of kindergarten, MŠMT Education Act, management
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Buchner-Eveleigh, Mariana. "Kritiese evaluering van wetgewing wat die gesondheid van kinders beïnvloed." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3453.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansThe Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 29 November 1989. Included in the inherent rights set out in the Convention is the right to the highest attainable standard of health. In implementing the Convention states parties must refer to the requirements of article 2 of the Convention, which places them under a duty to respect and ensure the rights in the Convention to each child. The term “respect” implies a duty of good faith to refrain from actions which would breach the Convention. The “duty to ensure”, however, requires states parties to take whatever measures are necessary in order to enable children to enjoy their rights. A state party must also review its legislation in order to ensure that domestic law is consistent with the Convention. South Africa showed commitment to protecting and promoting children’s health when it ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1995 and subsequently adopted the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, which includes provisions guaranteeing the health rights of children. South Africa also showed commitment to give legislative effect to the protection and promotion of children’s health by reviewing the Health Act 63 of 1977 (reviewed as the National Health Act 61 of 2003) and the Child Care Act 74 of 1983 (reviewed as the Children’s Act 38 of 2005). The review of the Child Care Act 74 of 1983 revealed that the act is virtually silent on the issue of child health. This led to the decision to identify and evaluate existing policy and legislation, as well as pending relevant law reform and policy affecting child health in order to assess how well South African legislation addresses the issue. The research showed that although much legislation exists, none provides comprehensively for child health rights. The legislation that does exist contains obvious gaps. Most importantly, there is no reference to the core minimum requirements for the state in providing for the health of children, particularly in the way of health services and nutrition. Further, there is a complete lack of legislation which protects the health needs of disabled children. A comparative study was also undertaken. Legislation of India and Canada were evaluated in order to make recommendations as to how the gaps in South African legislation can be rectified. However, the research showed that South Africa has made far more significant progress in promoting a rightsbased approach to children’s health in legislation. In order to ensure that the health rights of children are protected and promoted, I propose more comprehensive legislative protection.
Private Law
LL.D.