Academic literature on the topic 'Primary informative parameter'
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Journal articles on the topic "Primary informative parameter"
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Raj, R., N. A. S. Hamm, C. van der Tol, and A. Stein. "Uncertainty analysis of gross primary production partitioned from net ecosystem exchange measurements." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 16 (August 26, 2015): 13967–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-13967-2015.
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Abstract. Gross primary production (GPP), separated from flux tower measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2, is used increasingly to validate process-based simulators and remote sensing-derived estimates of simulated GPP at various time steps. Proper validation should include the uncertainty associated with this separation at different time steps. This can be achieved by using a Bayesian framework. In this study, we estimated the uncertainty in GPP at half hourly time steps. We used a non-rectangular hyperbola (NRH) model to separate GPP from flux tower measurements of NEE at the Speulderbos forest site, The Netherlands. The NRH model included the variables that influence GPP, in particular radiation, and temperature. In addition, the NRH model provided a robust empirical relationship between radiation and GPP by including the degree of curvature of the light response curve. Parameters of the NRH model were fitted to the measured NEE data for every 10-day period during the growing season (April to October) in 2009. Adopting a Bayesian approach, we defined the prior distribution of each NRH parameter. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation was used to update the prior distribution of each NRH parameter. This allowed us to estimate the uncertainty in the separated GPP at half-hourly time steps. This yielded the posterior distribution of GPP at each half hour and allowed the quantification of uncertainty. The time series of posterior distributions thus obtained allowed us to estimate the uncertainty at daily time steps. We compared the informative with non-informative prior distributions of the NRH parameters. The results showed that both choices of prior produced similar posterior distributions GPP. This will provide relevant and important information for the validation of process-based simulators in the future. Furthermore, the obtained posterior distributions of NEE and the NRH parameters are of interest for a range of applications.
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Raj, Rahul, Nicholas Alexander Samuel Hamm, Christiaan van der Tol, and Alfred Stein. "Uncertainty analysis of gross primary production partitioned from net ecosystem exchange measurements." Biogeosciences 13, no. 5 (March 7, 2016): 1409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1409-2016.
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Abstract. Gross primary production (GPP) can be separated from flux tower measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2. This is used increasingly to validate process-based simulators and remote-sensing-derived estimates of simulated GPP at various time steps. Proper validation includes the uncertainty associated with this separation. In this study, uncertainty assessment was done in a Bayesian framework. It was applied to data from the Speulderbos forest site, The Netherlands. We estimated the uncertainty in GPP at half-hourly time steps, using a non-rectangular hyperbola (NRH) model for its separation from the flux tower measurements. The NRH model provides a robust empirical relationship between radiation and GPP. It includes the degree of curvature of the light response curve, radiation and temperature. Parameters of the NRH model were fitted to the measured NEE data for every 10-day period during the growing season (April to October) in 2009. We defined the prior distribution of each NRH parameter and used Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation to estimate the uncertainty in the separated GPP from the posterior distribution at half-hourly time steps. This time series also allowed us to estimate the uncertainty at daily time steps. We compared the informative with the non-informative prior distributions of the NRH parameters and found that both choices produced similar posterior distributions of GPP. This will provide relevant and important information for the validation of process-based simulators in the future. Furthermore, the obtained posterior distributions of NEE and the NRH parameters are of interest for a range of applications.
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Pyrozhenko, Ye V., V. V. Sebko, V. G. Zdorenko, N. M. Zashchepkina, and O. M. Markina. "Informative testing method of beer sewage samples for mini-breweries." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 106 (November 1, 2020): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5930.
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Purpose: of the article is to investigate the theoretical rules of thermal transformer eddy current converter (TTC) during the preparation of ecological monitoring of brewery sewage samples based on the implementation of contactless two-parameter eddy current method of testing of the specific electrical conductivity λt and the temperature t of the beer sewage sample. It should be noted that this makes it possible to simultaneously prevent the causes of beer sewage samples deviation from the specified environmental safety indicators and to take adjustments. Design/methodology/approach: The theory of TTC operation concerning the electrical and temperature characteristics testing of beer sewage samples has been further developed by implement new universal transformation functions Δφt = f (Gt) and Δφ = f (xt), which relate the normalized difference components of the converter signals to physical and chemical characteristics of the sample. Due to this, it is possible to simultaneously prevent the causes of beer sewage samples deviation from the specified ecological safety indicators and to take appropriate adjustments. Findings: The method of two-parameter measuring test of the specific electrical conductivity λt and the temperature t of the beer sewage sample was developed on the basis of new universal transformation functions. Analysing the numerical data of electrical conductivity λ, TDS and pH at the initial temperature t1 = 15°C, the alkaline nature of beer sewage was determined. Research limitations/implications: The frequency range of the magnetic field f = 80-100 MHz, it is difficult to maintain in laboratory conditions, so the proposed method requires the use of modern high-frequency equipment, the radius of the probe depends on the radius of the primary converter frame. And therefore is quite a complicate to find appropriate tank. Practical implications: is to determine the nature of beer sewage based on the results of electrical and temperature parameters measurements during implementing a two-parameter eddy current method, which allows to prevent the reasons for beer sewage samples deviations from the specified environmental safety measures and to take appropriate adjustments. An important practical result is also the determination of the signal components and the normalized characteristics of the primary eddy current converter with a sample of beer sewage. They allow to calculate, design and create multi-parameter automated devices for measuring test of the physicochemical parameters of beer sewage samples. In turn, as a result of the physicochemical composition analysis of the sample, improving the accuracy of measurements of physicochemical parameters - there is an opportunity to improve and create advanced methods of wastewater purification on a weak electrolytic basis. Originality/value: The article originality is the investigation of the theoretical rules of thermal TTC by implementing a new multi-parameter eddy current method of measuring the specific electrical conductivity λt and the temperature t of the beer sewage sample based on the implementation of universal transformation functions Δφt = f (Gt) and Δφ = f (xt) that relate the converter signals to the physicochemical characteristics of the beer sewage sample, which helps to prevent the causes of the beer sewage samples deviation from the specified environmental safety indicators and take appropriate adjustments.
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Zheleznyak, V. K., V. B. Tolubko, L. P. Kriuchkova, and A. P. Provozin. "Rationale for the parameters of the measuring transducer in RFID technology with inductive coupling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 64, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2019-64-1-98-109.
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In the work the technology of radio-frequency identification of objects with inductive coupling is considered, using passive electric oscillating circuits tuned to fixed frequencies from the working frequency range as identification features of the object. The choice of the primary measuring transducer and the informative parameter is based on the results of the analysis of the system of inductively coupled active and passive electric oscillation circuits, known from the theory of radio engineering circuits. The parameters of the measuring transducer ensuring the fulfillment of the requirements for identification and localization of objects specified by technological conditions are substantiated. Factors that are potentially dangerous with respect to reducing the information reliability of the measuring transducer are considered, as well as the possibility of reducing their influence to a minimum. The problems of experimental research are formulated. It is shown that the analysis can be performed by software discrete adjustment of the primary measuring transducer and the generator feeding it. In this case, the task of increasing the speed is targeted at decreasing the duration of the step of tuning the primary measuring transducer. The required reliability of object identification is achieved by: ensuring high stability of the frequencies of the generator supplying the primary measuring transducer; accuracy and stability of tuning of the primary measuring transducer to the frequencies of the supplying generator; protection of the primary measuring transducer from the influence of interference generated by external sources and other measuring converters of the object identification system (electromagnetic compatibility of the object identification system); sufficient magnitude of the response of the primary measuring transducer to the introduction of passive electrical oscillation circuits; sufficient frequency tuning interval for passive electric oscillation circuits; accuracy and stability of tuning of passive electric oscillation circuits; stability of the detection threshold relative to the initial level of the informative parameter. Electromagnetic compatibility of measuring transducers, whose sensing elements are in the zone of mutual influence, is provided by synchronizing the operation of measuring transducers with shunting of inactive sensors, screening, mutual orientation and spacing of sensing elements.
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Schulte, Phillip, Katrina Devick, and Juraj Sprung. "4489 Association between surgery with general anesthesia and cognitive decline in older adults: analysis using shared parameter models for informative dropout." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.168.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Recent studies have assessed the association between surgery with general anesthesia and cognitive decline in longitudinal cohorts of older adults. Patients diagnosed with dementia more frequently drop out of these longitudinal studies or are unable to complete the test battery. We revisit this aim with focus on methods for informative dropout. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We use data from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA), a longitudinal epidemiological study of the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Our primary outcome of interest was global cognitive z-score, assessed at study visits every 15 months. We implement linear mixed effects models to assess the association between post-enrollment exposure to surgery/anesthesia and subsequent cognitive decline trajectories. Demented patients more frequently drop out of MCSA, so, subjects with the worst cognitive outcomes are unobserved and missing data may be informative. Since this missingness may be missing not at random, we use shared parameter models to analyze continuous cognitive outcomes while jointly modeling time to dementia. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total 1948 subjects, non-demented at baseline, from the MCSA were included. Median age was 79, 51% of subjects were male, and 16% had MCI at enrollment. Among median follow-up of 4 study visits over median 5.4 years, 172 patients developed dementia and dropped out from further assessments of cognitive function. In adjusted linear mixed effects models, our data suggest post-enrollment exposure to surgery/anesthesia is associated with a decline in cognitive function over time (change in slope = −0.07 standard deviations of cognitive z-score per year, 95%CI = −0.08, −0.05, p<.001). After adjusting for informative dropout using shared parameter models, surgery/anesthesia is associated with greater cognitive decline (change in slope = −0.14 per year, 95%CI = −0.16, −0.12, p<.001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We revisited a prior analysis by our group with consideration of informative dropout. Subjects who dropout due to dementia may have different trajectories of cognitive decline compared to non-demented subjects. Shared parameter models estimate the association between surgery/anesthesia and cognitive decline accounting for informative dropout.
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Kutsepau, A. Yu, A. P. Kren, and Y. V. Hnutsenka. "Evaluation of the Magnet Breakaway Force Measurement Accuracy of the NT-800 Sensors for Early Detection of Defects of Their Manufacturing." Devices and Methods of Measurements 12, no. 3 (October 15, 2021): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2021-12-3-230-238.
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Сontrol of mechanical stresses formed with the deposition of nickel coatings plays an important role in the diagnosis of coatings’ technical condition. Large internal stresses can lead to cracking or flaking of coatings which is completely unacceptable for critical parts and assembly units used, for example, in space technology for which reliability is of paramount importance. An important aspect of internal stresses monitoring is the measurement error of the instruments used. The purpose of this work was to determine the characteristics of the device sensors, which make the assessment of their manufacturing possible at the preliminary stage of the measuring equipment assembling in order to maintain the required accuracy of subsequent measurements.In most cases the measurement error assessment is possible only after the equipment manufacture and calibration. In this paper it is proposed to evaluate the accuracy characteristics of device sensors based on the precision (repeatability and reproducibility) of the primary informative parameter recording. In the case of the NT-800 device that was developed at the Institute of Applied Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus the effect of precision characteristics deterioration on the eventual measurement error is demonstrated. Determining the precision parameters before establishing correlation dependences between the primary informative parameter and the measured characteristic is proposed in order to reject poorly manufactured sensors and reduce labor costs.In particular, measurements of the magnitude proportional to the magnetic breakaway force were carried out using the NT-800 device with nickel specimens simulating coatings with a thickness of 200 to 700 μm and a rolling value from 0 to 40 %. It was established that in the case of well-made sensors the variation coefficient calculated from the dispersion of repeatability is in the range 0.2–0.6 %, and the variation coefficient calculated from the dispersion of reproducibility does not exceed 0.9 %. In the case of a sensor with the sensitive element parameters worsened, the variation coefficient of repeatability and reproducibility were up by one and a half times. Deterioration of the precision characteristics resulted in significant changes in the readings of the calibrated instrument. Thus the absolute measurement error for a sensor with a poorly made sensitive element turned out to be approximately 3 times higher in the range of 200– 300 MPa than that for a sensor with good precision parameters.
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Wakefield, Corey B., Joseph M. O’Malley, Ashley J. Williams, Brett M. Taylor, Ryan S. Nichols, Tuikolongahau Halafihi, Robert L. Humphreys, Jeremie Kaltavara, Simon J. Nicol, and Stephen J. Newman. "Ageing bias and precision for deep-water snappers: evaluating nascent otolith preparation methods using novel multivariate comparisons among readers and growth parameter estimates." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 1 (September 29, 2016): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw162.
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Tropical deep-water snappers (Etelinae) support valuable fisheries across the Indo-Pacific, with stock assessments reliant on age-based information in the absence of reliable catch and effort statistics. These long-lived species have been considered notoriously difficult to age. However, nascent developments in ageing protocols, particularly thinner transverse sections of otoliths (∼180–200 µm), are providing improvements in growth zone clarity, interpretation and repeatability of annuli counts. At a recent international workshop, thin sectioned otoliths from three deep-water snappers were read under reflected light by eight fisheries scientists from across the Indo-Pacific, with various levels of fish-ageing experience. Precision and bias were assessed using traditional ageing precision metrics (index of average percent error, IAPE; and coefficient of variation, CV), and a novel approach using multivariate analyses (metric multidimensional scaling, mMDS) based on Euclidean dissimilarity among readers’ counts and subsequent von Bertalanffy (vB) growth parameter estimates. Annuli counts between the primary reader and all other readers were within two for 80% of estimates, with uniform variation across a wide age range for Etelis carbunculus (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.924, n = 20, 3–25 annuli) and Etelis sp. (ICC = 0.933, n = 15, 2–27 annuli). In contrast, annuli counts for Pristipomoides filamentosus (n = 14, 4–49) were less precise (i.e. ICC = 0.835, 66% of counts within two of primary reader) with a bias toward greater variation in younger, pre-maturational life stages (≤5 annuli). Traditionally accepted ageing precision (IAPE ≤ 5.5%, CV ≤ 7.6%) was achieved for each species, but was commensurate with reader experience. The multivariate mMDS ordination was more informative in identifying both distance (i.e. dissimilarity) and direction (i.e. form) of variations in annuli counts and vB growth parameter estimates among readers. The acceptable level of ageing precision and bias achieved among most readers indicated that deep-water snappers can be aged precisely when appropriate otolith preparation methods are used. This study contributes towards ageing protocols that can be used to (i) interrogate bias and precision of age data for stock assessments, and (ii) standardise comparisons of age-based life history characteristics across a species range.
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Guo, Song, Chunhua Liu, Peng Zhou, and Yanling Li. "A Multifeatures Fusion and Discrete Firefly Optimization Method for Prediction of Protein Tyrosine Sulfation Residues." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8151509.
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Tyrosine sulfation is one of the ubiquitous protein posttranslational modifications, where some sulfate groups are added to the tyrosine residues. It plays significant roles in various physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. To explore the molecular mechanism of tyrosine sulfation, one of the prerequisites is to correctly identify possible protein tyrosine sulfation residues. In this paper, a novel method was presented to predict protein tyrosine sulfation residues from primary sequences. By means of informative feature construction and elaborate feature selection and parameter optimization scheme, the proposed predictor achieved promising results and outperformed many other state-of-the-art predictors. Using the optimal features subset, the proposed method achieved mean MCC of 94.41% on the benchmark dataset, and a MCC of 90.09% on the independent dataset. The experimental performance indicated that our new proposed method could be effective in identifying the important protein posttranslational modifications and the feature selection scheme would be powerful in protein functional residues prediction research fields.
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Alyushin, M. V., and L. V. Kolobashkina. "MONITORING OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF STUDENTS AS A MEANS OF INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS." Education and science journal 21, no. 2 (March 5, 2019): 176–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2019-2-176-197.
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Introduction. The increasing amount of knowledge, skills and competencies to be mastered inevitably lead to the need for more intensive classroom and independent studies. Providing favourable psychological background and ensuring active working condition of a student are the most important factors for increasing the effectiveness of the educational process (EEP). This fact has special relevance in the organisation of the educational process for students with physical disabilities, foreign students, as well as students, who receive education under individual educational trajectories.The aimof the present research was to analyse the possibilities and prospects for increasing the EEP through continuous monitoring and control of the current functional and psycho-emotional state (FPES) of students directly in the process of conducting training sessions.Methodology and research methods. The research was based on: a systematic approach to the accumulation, systematization and analysis of individual biometric information that allows a reliable assessment and forecast of changes in the current FPES of students; implementation of the principle of biofeedback (BF) and passive remote non-contact measurements of current human biological parameters that exclude any impact on it. Information technologies were used for digital signal processing in the optical and acoustic spectra of natural human radiation.Results and scientific novelty. The work substantiates an integrated approach to planning, organising and conducting training sessions, as well as control measures, which allow increasing the EEP by taking into account the individual characteristics and capabilities of students using modern digital information technologies to monitor their current FPES. It is shown that the system parameters characterising heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to assess the level of psycho-physiological adaptation of students to the learning process in general, as well as their responses to the complexity of training and control activities. Systemic parameters include the vegetative equilibrium index (VBI), the vegetative index of rhythm (VPR), the indicator of the adequacy of regulatory processes (PAID) and the stress index of regulatory systems (IN). The parameter IN is highlighted as the most informative. The possibility of using the results of the analysis of the change dynamics in the parameter IN for the evaluation of the current FPES of trainees is demonstrated. The possibility and expediency of using embedded monitoring systems has been experimentally confirmed. The bio-mouse and biometric chair are identified as universal means of monitoring the current FPES of students both in the educational institution and at home (in a hostel environment).Practical significance. The developed methodical and technical means are of interest to a wide range of educational workers, including such levels as primary, basic and secondary general education, secondary professional and higher education, as well as special professional training and retraining.
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Shartooh Sharqi, Saadi, and Aayush Bhattarai. "Evaluation of Several Machine Learning Models for Field Canal Improvement Project Cost Prediction." Complexity 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8324272.
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Project cost prediction is one of the key elements in the civil engineering activities development. Project cost is a highly sensitive component to diverse parameters and hence it is associated with complex trends that make it difficult to be predicted and fully understood. Due to the massive advancement of soft computing (SC) and Internet of things (IoT), the main research objective of the current study was initiative. Several machine learning (ML) models including extreme learning machine (ELM), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), and partial least square regression (PLS) were adopted to predict field canal cost. Several essential predictors were used to develop the prediction network “the learning process” including the total length of the PVC pipeline, served area, geographical zone, construction year, and cost and duration of field canal improvement projects (FCIP) construction. Data were collected from the open source published literature. The modeling results evidenced the potential of the applied SC models in predicting the FCIP cost. In numerical magnitude evaluation, MARS model indicated the least value for the root mean square error (RMSE = 27422.7), mean absolute error (MAE = 19761.8), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE = 0.05454) with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE = 0.94), agreement index (MD = 0.89), and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.94), with best precision of prediction using all predictors, except geographical zone parameter in which less influence on the cost construction is presented. In general, the research outcome gave an informative primary cost initiative for cost civil engineering project.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primary informative parameter"
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Козловський, Олександр Антонович. "Підвищення ефективності експлуатації повітряних ліній розподільних електричних мереж в умовах ожеледоутворення." Thesis, Центральноукраїнський національний технічний університет, 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/30700.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.14.02 – електричні станції, мережі і системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Дисертація присвячена дослідженню проблемних питань, пов'язаних із розробкою інформаційних систем моніторингу стану повітряних ліній в умовах ожеледоутворення, що забезпечують зниження відмов у електропостачанні шляхом надання електротехнічному персоналу завчасної інформації про момент ожеледоутворення. У роботі представлено критичний аналіз існуючих систем моніторингу ожеледоутворення. З метою усунення їх недоліків, запропоновано нові первинний інформативний параметр і вимірювальний перетворювач ожеледоутворення. Для цього вдосконалено нестаціонарну теплову модель ділянки проводу, на основі якої, для заданих умов, досліджено інформативний параметр. Розроблено модель прогнозування динамічного ряду інформативного параметра, що дозволяє оцінити надійність отриманого прогнозу. Проведено необхідні експериментальні дослідження. Обґрунтовано архітектуру системи моніторингу стану повітряних ліній електропередавання. Для технічної реалізації системи моніторингу стану обґрунтовано структуру та будову вимірювального перетворювача блоку збору даних. Розроблено чисельну модель вимірювального перетворювача у програмному комплексі SolidWorks, що поєднує в собі розв'язок гідродинамічної та теплової задач. Також розроблено макет пристрою блоку збору даних системи моніторингу.Thesis for getting scientific degree of the Candidate of technical science on the specialty 05.14.02 – electric power stations, network and system. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The thesis is devoted to the study of problematic issues related to the development of information systems for monitoring the state of overhead power lines in icing conditions, ensuring reduction of failures in the power supply, through the provision of electrical engineering personnel advance information about the icing point. The work presents a critical analysis of existing ice formation monitoring systems. In order to correct their deficiencies, proposed a new primary informative parameter and an ice accretion measuring transducer. To this end, the transient thermal model of the wire section of overhead power lines was improved. And based on this improved model, for the given conditions, an informative parameter was researched. The developed model for forecasting the time series of the informative parameter let to estimate the reliability of the obtained forecast. The necessary experimental studies were carried out. Architecture of the monitoring system of overhead power lines was justified. For the technical implementation of information monitoring system is justified the structure and a design of the measurement transducer of data collection unit. In this work were developed the numerical model in the SolidWorks software package, which combines the solution of the hydrodynamic and thermal problems. Also, was developed the device layout for the data acquisition unit of the monitoring system.
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Козловський, Олександр Антонович. "Підвищення ефективності експлуатації повітряних ліній розподільних електричних мереж в умовах ожеледоутворення." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/30699.
Full textAbstract:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.14.02 – електричні станції, мережі і системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Дисертація присвячена дослідженню проблемних питань, пов'язаних із розробкою інформаційних систем моніторингу стану повітряних ліній в умовах ожеледоутворення, що забезпечують зниження відмов у електропостачанні шляхом надання електротехнічному персоналу завчасної інформації про момент ожеледоутворення. У роботі представлено критичний аналіз існуючих систем моніторингу ожеледоутворення. З метою усунення їх недоліків, запропоновано нові первинний інформативний параметр і вимірювальний перетворювач ожеледоутворення. Для цього вдосконалено нестаціонарну теплову модель ділянки проводу, на основі якої, для заданих умов, досліджено інформативний параметр. Розроблено модель прогнозування динамічного ряду інформативного параметра, що дозволяє оцінити надійність отриманого прогнозу. Проведено необхідні експериментальні дослідження. Обґрунтовано архітектуру системи моніторингу стану повітряних ліній електропередавання. Для технічної реалізації системи моніторингу стану обґрунтовано структуру та будову вимірювального перетворювача блоку збору даних. Розроблено чисельну модель вимірювального перетворювача у програмному комплексі SolidWorks, що поєднує в собі розв'язок гідродинамічної та теплової задач. Також розроблено макет пристрою блоку збору даних системи моніторингу.Thesis for getting scientific degree of the Candidate of technical science on the specialty 05.14.02 – electric power stations, network and system. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The thesis is devoted to the study of problematic issues related to the development of information systems for monitoring the state of overhead power lines in icing conditions, ensuring reduction of failures in the power supply, through the provision of electrical engineering personnel advance information about the icing point. The work presents a critical analysis of existing ice formation monitoring systems. In order to correct their deficiencies, proposed a new primary informative parameter and an ice accretion measuring transducer. To this end, the transient thermal model of the wire section of overhead power lines was improved. And based on this improved model, for the given conditions, an informative parameter was researched. The developed model for forecasting the time series of the informative parameter let to estimate the reliability of the obtained forecast. The necessary experimental studies were carried out. Architecture of the monitoring system of overhead power lines was justified. For the technical implementation of information monitoring system is justified the structure and a design of the measurement transducer of data collection unit. In this work were developed the numerical model in the SolidWorks software package, which combines the solution of the hydrodynamic and thermal problems. Also, was developed the device layout for the data acquisition unit of the monitoring system.
Books on the topic "Primary informative parameter"
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Bizyuk, Aleksandr. Fundamentals of abnormal psychology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/974663.
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The textbook is a Supplement to the course of lectures given at the faculties of psychology, where one of the sections of this discipline is clinical psychology. This publication has been updated to reflect the 11th International classification of diseases, changes in which also affect the classification aspects of mental disorders.
In order to implement the principle of consistency in mastering knowledge of pathopsychology, the material is given in the context of General and clinical psychology, which facilitates the holistic assimilation of the specifics of this science and understanding its place among other related Sciences.
In accordance with the requirements of didactics, the structuring of the material is based on the principle "from simple to complex"; at the end of each paragraph, test questions are offered, finding answers to which in the text of the book forms the core knowledge of the reader.
The Chapter devoted to disorders of specific mental functions, in addition to General theoretical data, provides brief descriptions of psychodiagnostic techniques designed to assess the qualitative and quantitative parameters of recorded changes. When writing the book, we used a rich domestic and foreign material published in numerous sources.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of psychological, pedagogical and medical universities, primarily clinical psychologists, as well as for a wide range of specialists working in the information field of problems of the ratio of normal and altered psyche.
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Haugaa, Kristina H., Francesco Faletra, and João L. Cavalcante. Cardiac rhythm disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0063.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiac rhythm disorders require diagnostic, prognostic, and guidance of therapeutic procedures by echocardiography. The most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation (AF) leading to an increased risk for mortality, heart failure, and thromboembolic events. Echocardiography is performed to assess the aetiology of AF which most commonly is associated with diseases leading to enlarged atria. Furthermore, echocardiography is crucial to evaluate thromboembolic risk by assessing the morphology and function of the left atrial appendage among other parameters. Non-invasive imaging modalities including two-dimensional transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with three-dimensional imaging are often indicated. Finally, TOE can help in the preprocedural planning and providing guidance for interventions such as pulmonary vein ablation and percutaneous left atrial appendage closure. In patients with ventricular arrhythmias, TTE is the first-line diagnostic tool for assessing the aetiology of ventricular arrhythmias. Ischaemic heart disease, either acute or chronic fibrosis, is the most common causes of ventricular tachycardias. Left ventricular ejection fraction remains the most important parameter for indication of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention therapy, although newer strain echocardiographic measures may add incremental prognostic information.
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Hellman, Samuel B. Learning While Caring. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650551.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Learning While Caring is about what the author has learned during his half-century career as a cancer doctor. During this time, medicine has changed greatly. It has become more scientifically based, more institutionally located, and now comprises almost one-fifth of the US economy. Despite these changes, much remains the same, especially the primary obligation of the doctor to the patient. Also during this period, most of the developed world has recognized health care as a right for all its members. This has been resulted in greatly improved care for many, but not for all. For the last 25 years the United States has been experimenting on how this should be achieved, beginning with the proposed but not enacted Clinton Health Security proposal and currently with the Affordable Care Act. While efficiency and cost control are essential, cost cannot be the only parameter of success. Access to high-quality health care must be made available to all. Proper education for an informed public must include an understanding of the general principles of biology, while that of a doctor must result in a familiarity with the humanities and social sciences. An academic physician has three responsibilities: patient care, teaching, and research. These latter two, while essential, must not conflict, compromise, or limit the doctor-patient relationship. This book is about the author’s activities in all three endeavors. Since his specialty is oncology, this is the major subject, but most of the information is applicable to all caring physicians.
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Zydroń, Tymoteusz. Wpływ systemów korzeniowych wybranych gatunków drzew na przyrost wytrzymałości gruntu na ścinanie. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-46-5.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the paper was to determine the influence of root systems of chosen tree species found in the Polish Flysch Carpathians on the increase of soil shear strength (root cohesion) in terms of slope stability. The paper's goal was achieved through comprehensive tests on root systems of eight relatively common in the Polish Flysch Carpathians tree species. The tests that were carried out included field work, laboratory work and analytical calculations. As part of the field work, the root area ratio (A IA) of the roots was determined using the method of profiling the walls of the trench at a distance of about 1.0 m from the tree trunk. The width of the. trenches was about 1.0 m, and their depth depended on the ground conditions and ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 m below the ground level. After preparing the walls of the trench, the profile was divided into vertical layers with a height of 0.1 m, within which root diameters were measured. Roots with diameters from 1 to 10 mm were taken into consideration in root area ratio calculations in accordance with the generally accepted methodology for this type of tests. These measurements were made in Biegnik (silver fir), Ropica Polska (silver birch, black locust) and Szymbark (silver birch, European beech, European hornbeam, silver fir, sycamore maple, Scots pine, European spruce) located near Gorlice (The Low Beskids) in areas with unplanned forest management. In case of each tested tree species the samples of roots were taken, transported to the laboratory and then saturated with water for at least one day. Before testing the samples were obtained from the water and stretched in a. tensile testing machine in order to determine their tensile strength and flexibility. In general, over 2200 root samples were tested. The results of tests on root area ratio of root systems and their tensile strength were used to determine the value of increase in shear strength of the soils, called root cohesion. To this purpose a classic Wu-Waldron calculation model was used as well as two types of bundle models, the so called static model (Fiber Bundle Model — FIRM, FBM2, FBM3) and the deformation model (Root Bundle Model— RBM1, RBM2, mRBM1) that differ in terms of the assumptions concerning the way the tensile force is distributed to the roots as well as the range of parameters taken into account during calculations. The stability analysis of 8 landslides in forest areas of Cicikowicleie and Wignickie Foothills was a form of verification of relevance of the obtained calculation results. The results of tests on root area ratio in the profile showed that, as expected, the number of roots in the soil profile and their ApIA values are very variable. It was shown that the values of the root area ratio of the tested tree species with a diameter 1-10 ram are a maximum of 0.8% close to the surface of the ground and they decrease along with the depth reaching the values at least one order of magnitude lower than close to the surface at the depth 0.5-1.0 m below the ground level. Average values of the root area ratio within the soil profile were from 0.05 to 0.13% adequately for Scots pine and European beech. The measured values of the root area ratio are relatively low in relation to the values of this parameter given in literature, which is probably connected with great cohesiveness of the soils and the fact that there were a lot of rock fragments in the soil, where the tests were carried out. Calculation results of the Gale-Grigal function indicate that a distribution of roots in the soil profile is similar for the tested species, apart from the silver fir from Bie§nik and European hornbeam. Considering the number of roots, their distribution in the soil profile and the root area ratio it appears that — considering slope stability — the root systems of European beech and black locust are the most optimal, which coincides with tests results given in literature. The results of tensile strength tests showed that the roots of the tested tree species have different tensile strength. The roots of European beech and European hornbeam had high tensile strength, whereas the roots of conifers and silver birch in deciduous trees — low. The analysis of test results also showed that the roots of the studied tree species are characterized by high variability of mechanical properties. The values Of shear strength increase are mainly related to the number and size (diameter) of the roots in the soil profile as well as their tensile strength and pullout resistance, although they can also result from the used calculation method (calculation model). The tests showed that the distribution of roots in the soil and their tensile strength are characterized by large variability, which allows the conclusion that using typical geotechnical calculations, which take into consideration the role of root systems is exposed to a high risk of overestimating their influence on the soil reinforcement. hence, while determining or assuming the increase in shear strength of soil reinforced with roots (root cohesion) for design calculations, a conservative (careful) approach that includes the most unfavourable values of this parameter should be used. Tests showed that the values of shear strength increase of the soil reinforced with roots calculated using Wu-Waldron model in extreme cases are three times higher than the values calculated using bundle models. In general, the most conservative calculation results of the shear strength increase were obtained using deformation bundle models: RBM2 (RBMw) or mRBM1. RBM2 model considers the variability of strength characteristics of soils described by Weibull survival function and in most cases gives the lowest values of the shear strength increase, which usually constitute 50% of the values of shear strength increase determined using classic Wu-Waldron model. Whereas the second model (mRBM1.) considers averaged values of roots strength parameters as well as the possibility that two main mechanism of destruction of a root bundle - rupture and pulling out - can occur at the same. time. The values of shear strength increase calculated using this model were the lowest in case of beech and hornbeam roots, which had high tensile strength. It indicates that in the surface part of the profile (down to 0.2 m below the ground level), primarily in case of deciduous trees, the main mechanism of failure of the root bundle will be pulling out. However, this model requires the knowledge of a much greater number of geometrical parameters of roots and geotechnical parameters of soil, and additionally it is very sensitive to input data. Therefore, it seems practical to use the RBM2 model to assess the influence of roots on the soil shear strength increase, and in order to obtain safe results of calculations in the surface part of the profile, the Weibull shape coefficient equal to 1.0 can be assumed. On the other hand, the Wu-Waldron model can be used for the initial assessment of the shear strength increase of soil reinforced with roots in the situation, where the deformation properties of the root system and its interaction with the soil are not considered, although the values of the shear strength increase calculated using this model should be corrected and reduced by half. Test results indicate that in terms of slope stability the root systems of beech and hornbeam have the most favourable properties - their maximum effect of soil reinforcement in the profile to the depth of 0.5 m does not usually exceed 30 kPa, and to the depth of 1 m - 20 kPa. The root systems of conifers have the least impact on the slope reinforcement, usually increasing the soil shear strength by less than 5 kPa. These values coincide to a large extent with the range of shear strength increase obtained from the direct shear test as well as results of stability analysis given in literature and carried out as part of this work. The analysis of the literature indicates that the methods of measuring tree's root systems as well as their interpretation are very different, which often limits the possibilities of comparing test results. This indicates the need to systematize this type of tests and for this purpose a root distribution model (RDM) can be used, which can be integrated with any deformation bundle model (RBM). A combination of these two calculation models allows the range of soil reinforcement around trees to be determined and this information might be used in practice, while planning bioengineering procedures in areas exposed to surface mass movements. The functionality of this solution can be increased by considering the dynamics of plant develop¬ment in the calculations. This, however, requires conducting this type of research in order to obtain more data.
Book chapters on the topic "Primary informative parameter"
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Paletta, Lucas. "Attention Analysis for Assistance in Assembly Processes." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 310–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72632-4_23.
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AbstractHuman attention processes play a major role in the optimization of human-machine interaction (HMI) systems. This work describes a suite of innovative components within a novel framework in order to assess the human factors state of the human operator primarily by gaze and in real-time. The objective is to derive parameters that determine information about situation awareness of the human collaborator that represents a central concept in the evaluation of interaction strategies in collaboration. The human control of attention provides measures of executive functions that enable to characterize key features in the domain of human-machine collaboration. This work presents a suite of human factors analysis components (the Human Factors Toolbox) and its application in the assembly processes of a future production line. Comprehensive experiments on HMI are described which were conducted with typical tasks including collaborative pick-and-place in a lab based prototypical manufacturing environment.
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Awazi, Nyong Princely, Martin Ngankam Tchamba, Lucie Felicite Temgoua, and Marie-Louise Tientcheu-Avana. "Farmers’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Africa: Small-Scale Farmers in Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 87–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_9.
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AbstractSmall-scale farmers’ limited adaptive capacity confronted with the adversities of climate change is a major call for concern considering that small-scale farms feed over half of the world’s population. In this light, small-scale farmers’ adaptive choices and adaptive capacity to climate change were assessed. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources using a mixed research approach. Findings revealed that extreme weather events have been recurrent and small-scale farmers perceived access to land, household income, and the planting of trees/shrubs on farms (agroforestry) as the main factors influencing their capacity to adapt to climate change. Agroforestry and monoculture practices were the main adaptive choices of small-scale farmers confronted with climate change. T-test and chi-square test statistics revealed a strong non-cause-effect relationship (p < 0.001) between small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change and different socio-economic, institutional, and environmental variables. Parameter estimates of the binomial logistic regression model indicated the existence of a strong direct cause-effect relationship (p < 0.05) between small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change and access to credit, household income, number of farms, access to information, and access to land, indicating that these variables enhance small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change. It is recommended that policy makers examine the adaptive choices and determinants of farmers’ adaptive capacity unearthed in this chapter when formulating policies geared towards enhancing small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change.
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Sonkar, Shailendra Kumar, Vishal Bhatnagar, and Rama Krishna Challa. "A Layered Parameterized Framework for Intelligent Information Retrieval in Dynamic Social Network using Data Mining." In Data Mining and Analysis in the Engineering Field, 231–48. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6086-1.ch013.
Full textAbstract:
Dynamic social networks contain vast amounts of data, which is changing continuously. A search in a dynamic social network does not guarantee relevant, filtered, and timely information to the users all the time. There should be some sequential processes to apply some techniques and store the information internally that provides the relevant, filtered, and timely information to the users. In this chapter, the authors categorize the social network users into different age groups and identify the suitable and appropriate parameters, then assign these parameters to the already categorized age groups and propose a layered parameterized framework for intelligent information retrieval in dynamic social network using different techniques of data mining. The primary data mining techniques like clustering group the different groups of social network users based on similarities between key parameter items and by classifying the different classes of social network users based on differences among key parameter items, and it can be association rule mining, which finds the frequent social network users from the available users.
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Sonkar, Shailendra Kumar, Vishal Bhatnagar, and Rama Krishna Challa. "A Layered Parameterized Framework for Intelligent Information Retrieval in Dynamic Social Network using Data Mining." In Business Intelligence, 458–75. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9562-7.ch024.
Full textAbstract:
Dynamic social networks contain vast amounts of data, which is changing continuously. A search in a dynamic social network does not guarantee relevant, filtered, and timely information to the users all the time. There should be some sequential processes to apply some techniques and store the information internally that provides the relevant, filtered, and timely information to the users. In this chapter, the authors categorize the social network users into different age groups and identify the suitable and appropriate parameters, then assign these parameters to the already categorized age groups and propose a layered parameterized framework for intelligent information retrieval in dynamic social network using different techniques of data mining. The primary data mining techniques like clustering group the different groups of social network users based on similarities between key parameter items and by classifying the different classes of social network users based on differences among key parameter items, and it can be association rule mining, which finds the frequent social network users from the available users.
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Yatid, Moonyati, and Masahiro Takatsuka. "Understanding Spatial and Non-spatial Cues in Representing Categorical Information." In Innovative Approaches of Data Visualization and Visual Analytics, 46–67. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4309-3.ch003.
Full textAbstract:
The continuously increasing amount of digital information available to computer users has led to the wide use of notification systems. Although these systems could support the management of information, they could also be an interruption to primary work. To minimize this interruption, a number of approaches, which notify the different categorical information, have been introduced. In this work, we focused on understanding the effectiveness of different types of visual cues to effectively represent categorical notification. Five basic visual parameters of motion, colour, shape, motion and spatial were chosen to represent sets of two categories, four categories, six categories and eight categories of information. The effectiveness of these visual cues in assisting users’ ability to decode the categorical cues was examined through a series of experimental studies. Findings suggest the superiority of using colour, shape, and spatial cues to represent categorical information. Post experiment questionnaire reveals possible reasons for their efficiency. Spatial memory supports spatial cues while linguistic influence supports the shape/colour cues. The unsuitability of size parameter is possibly due to not being able to measure the cues against something during the encoding process. This makes it difficult to determine how each cue differs from the rest of the cues in the parameter, especially when number of categories increase. As for the motion parameter, encoding the cues took far longer response times, although time taken is consistent across number of categories. The different effects of these basic visual cues suggest the importance of careful design selection to ensure successful visualization.
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Eskildsen, Søren, Kasper Rodil, and Matthias Rehm. "Identification and Analysis of Primary School Children’s Knowledge Acquisition." In Packaging Digital Information for Enhanced Learning and Analysis, 333–54. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4462-5.ch015.
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Measuring a learning effect can be a difficult task and is not made any easier with all the parameters that can be taken into account. This chapter provides an insight into what to consider as interesting parameters when evaluating an interactive learning tool. The authors introduce a visual approach to enlighten children and teachers. This is done by visualizing logging data that has been collected during learning sessions with the Virtual Savannah software. They do not leave out traditional means like observation and usability testing, since they believe a holistic view is important, and a single method of data collection is not enough to base conclusions on. To understand the authors’ approach, a short introduction on various perspectives on visualization is essential. The authors also discuss how multimedia can be used on a cognitive level to satisfy more pupils with different learning styles. Lastly, the authors present their approach and results from an in situ evaluation on primary school children.
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Ahmad Reshi, Javaid, Bilal Ahmad Para, and Shahzad Ahmad Bhat. "Parameter Estimation of Weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Using Simulated and Real Life Data Sets." In Adaptive Filtering - Recent Advances and Practical Implementation. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100227.
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This paper deals with estimation of parameters of Weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution by using Classical and Bayesian Paradigm. Under Classical Approach, we have estimated the rate parameter using Maximum likelihood Estimator. In Bayesian Paradigm, we have primarily studied the Bayes’ estimator of the parameter of the Weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution under the extended Jeffrey’s prior, Gamma and exponential prior distributions assuming different loss functions. The extended Jeffrey’s prior gives the opportunity of covering wide spectrum of priors to get Bayes’ estimates of the parameter – particular cases of which are Jeffrey’s prior and Hartigan’s prior. A comparative study has been done between the MLE and the estimates of different loss functions (SELF and Al-Bayyati’s, Stein and Precautionary new loss function). From the results, we observe that in most cases, Bayesian Estimator under New Loss function (Al-Bayyati’s Loss function) has the smallest Mean Squared Error values for both prior’s i.e., Jeffrey’s and an extension of Jeffrey’s prior information. Moreover, when the sample size increases, the MSE decreases quite significantly. These estimators are then compared in terms of mean square error (MSE) which is computed by using the programming language R. Also, two types of real life data sets are considered for making the model comparison between special cases of Weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution in terms of fitting.
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Lemans, JVC, SPJ Wijdicks, RM Castelein, and MC Kruyt. "Spring distraction system to correct early onset scoliosis: 2 year follow-up results from 24 patients." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210470.
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Current surgical treatment options for Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS), with distraction- or growth-guidance systems, show limited growth and high complication rates. We developed the Spring Distraction System (SDS), which does not have to be periodically lengthened and which provides continuous corrective force to stimulate spinal growth. This study aimed to assess curve correction and maintenance, spinal growth, and complication rate following SDS treatment. All primary- and revision patients (conversion from failed other systems) with SDS and ≥2 years follow-up were included. Outcome measures were coronal Cobb angle, sagittal parameters, spinal length measurements and complications and re-operations. Radiographic parameters were compared pre-operatively, post-operatively and at latest follow-up. Spinal length increase was expressed as mm/year. Twenty-four skeletally immature EOS patients (18 primary and 6 revision cases) were included. There were 5 idiopathic, 7 congenital, 3 syndromic and 9 neuromuscular EOS patients. Mean age at implantation was 9.1 years (primary: 8.4; conversion: 11.2). Major curve improved from 60.3° to 35.3°, and was maintained at 40.6° at latest follow-up. Mean spring length increase during follow-up was 10.4mm/year. T1-S1 length increased 13.6mm/year and the instrumented segment length showed a mean increase of 0.8mm/segment/year. In total, 17 re-operations were performed. Ten re-operations were performed to treat 9 implant-related complications. In addition, 7 patients showed spinal growth that exceeded expected growth velocity; their springs were re-tensioned during a small re-operation. Spring distraction may be feasible as an alternative to current growing spine solutions. Curve correction and growth could be maintained satisfactory without the need for repetitive lengthening procedures. Complications and re-operations could not be prevented, which emphasizes the need for further improvement.
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"Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States." In Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States, edited by JASON K. BLACKBURN, JULIE A. NEER, and BRUCE A. THOMPSON. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569810.ch21.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—In order to synthesize current information on bull sharks in Louisiana waters, data sets were gathered and analyzed from a variety of previously published and unpublished sources. This included information from research conducted at Louisiana State University, other universities, and state agencies. Six separate data sets representing six geographic regions were used in this synthesis. Descriptive statistics were calculated for biological and environmental parameters for all data sets. Primary and secondary nursery areas were delineated with convex polygons constructed within a geographic information system by connecting the inner and outermost sampling locations of each study site and smoothing the lines connecting each point. All six geographic locations were delineated as containing both primary and secondary nursery areas. A regular occurrence and high abundance of young bull sharks in Louisiana’s inland waters indicate that low salinity and freshwater environments serve as both primary and secondary nursery areas and should therefore be considered essential fish habitat for bull sharks.
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Whitesides, Clayton J., and Matthew H. Connolly. "Estimating Fractional Snow Cover in Mountain Environments with Fuzzy Classification." In Geographic Information Systems, 1953–73. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch116.
Full textAbstract:
The disproportionate amount of water runoff from mountains to surrounding arid and semiarid lands has generated much research in snow water equivalent (SWE) modeling. A primary input in SWE models is snow covered area (SCA) which is generally obtained via satellite imagery. Mixed pixels in alpine snow studies complicate SCA measurements and can reduce accuracy. A simple method was developed to estimate fractional snow cover using freely available Landsat and data derived from DEMs, commercial and free software, as well as fuzzy classification and recursive partitioning. The authors attempted to develop a cost effective technique for estimating fractional snow cover for resource and recreation managers confined by limited budgets and resources. Results indicated that the method was non-sensitive (P = 0.426) to differences in leaf area index and solar radiation between 4 March 2000 and 13 March 2003. Fractional snow cover was predicted consistently despite variation in model parameters between years, indicating that the developed method may be a viable way for monitoring fractional snow cover in mountainous areas where capital and resources are limited.
Conference papers on the topic "Primary informative parameter"
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Guo, Chongzhi, and Youhong Wang. "Primary Research of Safety Valve Online Testing Technology." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85535.
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A simplified safety valve simulation model is established on basis of a widely used safety valve in engineering-spring directly loading safety valve, and the relationship between the mechanic parameter of spring surface and loading is discussed according to the result of simulation analysis. The relationship of strain varying rate in spring measuring point and setting pressure varying rate of safety valve is achieved, it can be used as a online fault diagnosis criteria when setting pressure changes in working course. Furthermore, an online testing technology of safety valve is proposed. Through experiment research using traditional electric strain sensor, the relationship between measured parameters of the specific parts in the safety-valve and the experimental loading is achieved, and the online testing method is proved to be very workable.
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Jia, Min, Guangyu Zhang, and Xuemai Gu. "Optimal primary-user mobility aware parameters design of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks." In 2015 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2015.7354784.
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Greenhill, Anita, and Gordon Fletcher. "Utilising Equipment Matrices for Information Technology in Primary Education Policy." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2663.
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This paper is a reflective discussion on the use of equipment matrices to determine infrastructure requirements in an education context. This position was originally presented within the wider framework of a government-funded research project to initiate national policies for implementing IT within primary schools. Equipment matrices were seen by the policymakers funding this reasearch as an appropriate method for representing the needs of a school. Equipment matrices represent a systematised and regularised understanding of the relationships between social practices and technological tools (Curriculum Materials Information Services, 1997). The users of these tools are enmeshed within the matrix through a complex combination of meanings and interaction. However, the correlation of variables within a two-dimensional matrix produces a ‘simple’ representation of the available information that is heavily abbreviated. Lost among this condensation are the needs and presence of the user, either individually or collectively. The ‘snapshot’ of information that matrices present is, however, refined by the direct inclusion of volatile information such as contemporary equipment and sofware specifications. In this paper we argue that the range of factors beyond technical specifications that influence the use and understanding of information technology are necessary elements within any consideration of IT infrastructure requirements. These, however, can only be simultaneously included in the equipment matrix representation with more expansive incorporation of multiple parameters. Simplification, we advocate, should not be the aim of the methods that determine educational infrastructure requirements but rather, in its place, is the need for sensitivity to the learners and their needs.
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Sadjadi, Seyed Jafar, and Davood Shishebori. "Optimal Electronic Pricing With Uncertain Parameters." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28206.
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Electronic commerce plays an important role in many business activities, operations, and transaction processing. The recent advances on e-businesses have created tremendous opportunities to increase profitability. We present an optimal pricing and marketing planning where the primary objective function is to maximize the total profit. The proposed method of this paper considers different input parameters in uncertain regions and we provide a lower and upper bounds for the objective function of mathematical model with uncertain state. The paper is supported with a numerical example to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed method.
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Aziz, A. "Performance of Asymmetrically Heated Extended Surface With Temperature Dependent Thermal Conductivity." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99011.
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The effect of temperature dependent thermal conductivity on the performance of an asymmetrically heated extended surface which is commonly encountered in compact heat exchangers is studied both analytically and numerically. The surface is assumed to extend between two primary surfaces at different temperatures and to operate in a convective environment. The nonlinear differential equation governing the thermal performance of the extended surface is solved by carrying out a perturbation analysis in which the perturbation parameter is the dimensionless measure of thermal conductivity variation with temperature. Two-term analytical solutions for the temperature distribution and the convective heat dissipation are presented. The problem is also solved numerically for a range of conventional fin parameter, thermal asymmetry parameter, and thermal conductivity-temperature variation parameter to assess the accuracy of the perturbation solutions. Graphical results illustrating the effect of these parameters on the temperature distribution, heat transfer rates from the end primary surfaces, and the total heat transfer from the extended surface are provided and discussed. For the thermal conductivity variations encountered in compact heat exchangers, the two-term perturbation solutions are accurate with 2% of the numerical solutions.
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Branska, Lenka, Zuzana Pecinova, and Michal Patak. "Maintenance as a tool for increasing the efficiency of chemicaltechnological process." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.32.
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Reliability, flexibility and speed belong among particularly valued parameters of contractor. In manufacturing companies, the achievement thereof is significantly limited by the reliability of production equipment. The aim of the article is to analyze an applied production equipment maintenance system with heavily utilized production equipment, and to define guidelines for its improvement. A content analysis of information obtained in a primary qualitative research and a comparison with theoretical approaches made it possible to define an adequate combination of various types of maintenance, including methods and tools that are not primarily intended for the examined type of manufacturing processes.
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Canfield, Stephen L., Tristan W. Hill, and Stephen G. Zuccaro. "Modeling Power Requirements for Skid-Steer Mobile Robots in Manufacturing Environments." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60152.
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This paper demonstrates an approach for predicting and optimizing energy consumption in skid-steer mobile robots (SSMRs) conducting manufacturing tasks. This work is unique in that it considers the energy associated with real-time predictions of slipping in the SSMR and further considers a specific application in which the SSMR is operating in an inverted (climbing) configuration on metal surfaces with homogeneous properties. The approach is based on a dynamic model that provides estimates of SSMR slipping motion during simulation. The model is used to estimate the underlying components of energy and will serve as the tool for objective function evaluation. The approach will follow previous path optimization strategies, parameterizing the path to provide design parameters and using appropriate optimization tools. A method to select the desired trajectory prior to conducting a manufacturing task is demonstrated. This paper primarily focuses on a scenario in which a climbing SSMR maneuvers on a steel surface by means of magnetic-based tracks with strong adhering forces. For this case, the friction due to slipping represents the primary source of energy consumption. This implies that the path selection is the most important parameter for the optimization.
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Moradi, Hamed, and Hasan Salarieh. "Nonlinear Forced Oscillations and Stability Analysis of the Automotive Gearbox System." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28116.
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In this paper, nonlinear oscillation of the automobile gear system is studied. The backlash dynamic parameter is included in the nonlinear mathematical modeling of the problem. Using multiple scale method, forced vibration responses of the gear system including Primary, Sub-harmonic and Super-harmonic resonances are investigated. In each case, the jump phenomenon and stability analysis are studied. In addition, the effect of dynamic and manufacturing parameters of the gear system on the time responses are analyzed. Simulation and nonlinear analysis of the problem are developed in MAPLE and MATLAB environments.
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Feng, Lujia, Pierluigi Pisu, Laine Mears, and Jörg Schulte. "Nonlinear Parameter Estimation in a Typical Industrial Air Handler Unit." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2994.
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The energy usage inside of a manufacturing plant is mainly from two sources: energy demand from the production lines to support manufacturing processes, and the plant building temperature control to maintain a comfortable working environment. It is reported that in the US, 14% of the primary energy and 32% of electricity is used by the industry and commercial building heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. As an important part of the HVAC system, the air handler unit (AHU) is a comprehensive air control system consisting of multiple sub-units. Accurate modeling of the supply air temperature of AHU is important for later controller design and fault detection, but it is also challenging because of the application of variable frequency drive (VFD) systems, overall degradation, and limited sensor information and meter data. Parameter estimation of the industry AHU is therefore worth studying. In this study, the authors intend to establish a deterministic physical model of AHU system, identify the unknown parameters based on the limited meter inputs, and compare the nonlinear parameter estimation results with the design parameters, in order to achieve the goal of improving the modeling accuracy without installing expensive metering systems.
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Zuo, Lei, and Wen Cui. "Dual Functional Energy Harvesting and Vibration Control: Electromagnetic Resonant Shunt Series Tuned Mass Dampers." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71471.
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This paper proposes a novel approach for dual-functional energy harvesting and vibration control by integrating the tuned mass damper (TMD) and electromagnetic shunted resonant damping. The viscous dissipative element between the TMD and primary system is replaced by an electromagnetic transducer shunted with a resonant RLC circuit. An efficient gradient based method is presented for the parameter optimization in the control framework for vibration suppression and energy harvesting. A case study is performed based on the Taipei 101 TMD. It is founded that by tuning the TMD resonance and circuit resonance close to that of the primary structure, the electromagnetic resonant shunt TMD achieves the enhanced effectiveness and robustness of double-mass series TMDs, without suffering from the significantly amplified motion stroke. It is also observed that the parameters and performance optimized for vibration suppression are close to those optimized for energy harvesting, and the performances are not sensitive to the resistance of the charging circuit or electrical load.
Reports on the topic "Primary informative parameter"
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.
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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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Engel, Bernard, Yael Edan, James Simon, Hanoch Pasternak, and Shimon Edelman. Neural Networks for Quality Sorting of Agricultural Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613033.bard.
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The objectives of this project were to develop procedures and models, based on neural networks, for quality sorting of agricultural produce. Two research teams, one in Purdue University and the other in Israel, coordinated their research efforts on different aspects of each objective utilizing both melons and tomatoes as case studies. At Purdue: An expert system was developed to measure variances in human grading. Data were acquired from eight sensors: vision, two firmness sensors (destructive and nondestructive), chlorophyll from fluorescence, color sensor, electronic sniffer for odor detection, refractometer and a scale (mass). Data were analyzed and provided input for five classification models. Chlorophyll from fluorescence was found to give the best estimation for ripeness stage while the combination of machine vision and firmness from impact performed best for quality sorting. A new algorithm was developed to estimate and minimize training size for supervised classification. A new criteria was established to choose a training set such that a recurrent auto-associative memory neural network is stabilized. Moreover, this method provides for rapid and accurate updating of the classifier over growing seasons, production environments and cultivars. Different classification approaches (parametric and non-parametric) for grading were examined. Statistical methods were found to be as accurate as neural networks in grading. Classification models by voting did not enhance the classification significantly. A hybrid model that incorporated heuristic rules and either a numerical classifier or neural network was found to be superior in classification accuracy with half the required processing of solely the numerical classifier or neural network. In Israel: A multi-sensing approach utilizing non-destructive sensors was developed. Shape, color, stem identification, surface defects and bruises were measured using a color image processing system. Flavor parameters (sugar, acidity, volatiles) and ripeness were measured using a near-infrared system and an electronic sniffer. Mechanical properties were measured using three sensors: drop impact, resonance frequency and cyclic deformation. Classification algorithms for quality sorting of fruit based on multi-sensory data were developed and implemented. The algorithms included a dynamic artificial neural network, a back propagation neural network and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that classification based on multiple sensors may be applied in real-time sorting and can improve overall classification. Advanced image processing algorithms were developed for shape determination, bruise and stem identification and general color and color homogeneity. An unsupervised method was developed to extract necessary vision features. The primary advantage of the algorithms developed is their ability to learn to determine the visual quality of almost any fruit or vegetable with no need for specific modification and no a-priori knowledge. Moreover, since there is no assumption as to the type of blemish to be characterized, the algorithm is capable of distinguishing between stems and bruises. This enables sorting of fruit without knowing the fruits' orientation. A new algorithm for on-line clustering of data was developed. The algorithm's adaptability is designed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when incrementally clustering sparse data and preserves information even with memory constraints. Large quantities of data (many images) of high dimensionality (due to multiple sensors) and new information arriving incrementally (a function of the temporal dynamics of any natural process) can now be processed. Furhermore, since the learning is done on-line, it can be implemented in real-time. The methodology developed was tested to determine external quality of tomatoes based on visual information. An improved model for color sorting which is stable and does not require recalibration for each season was developed for color determination. Excellent classification results were obtained for both color and firmness classification. Results indicted that maturity classification can be obtained using a drop-impact and a vision sensor in order to predict the storability and marketing of harvested fruits. In conclusion: We have been able to define quantitatively the critical parameters in the quality sorting and grading of both fresh market cantaloupes and tomatoes. We have been able to accomplish this using nondestructive measurements and in a manner consistent with expert human grading and in accordance with market acceptance. This research constructed and used large databases of both commodities, for comparative evaluation and optimization of expert system, statistical and/or neural network models. The models developed in this research were successfully tested, and should be applicable to a wide range of other fruits and vegetables. These findings are valuable for the development of on-line grading and sorting of agricultural produce through the incorporation of multiple measurement inputs that rapidly define quality in an automated manner, and in a manner consistent with the human graders and inspectors.
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Lers, Amnon, Majid R. Foolad, and Haya Friedman. genetic basis for postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600014.bard.
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ABSTRACT Postharvest losses of fresh produce are estimated globally to be around 30%. Reducing these losses is considered a major solution to ensure global food security. Storage at low temperatures is an efficient practice to prolong postharvest performance of crops with minimal negative impact on produce quality or human health and the environment. However, many fresh produce commodities are susceptible to chilling temperatures, and the application of cold storage is limited as it would cause physiological chilling injury (CI) leading to reduced produce quality. Further, the primary CI becomes a preferred site for pathogens leading to decay and massive produce losses. Thus, chilling sensitive crops should be stored at higher minimal temperatures, which curtails their marketing life and in some cases necessitates the use of other storage strategies. Development of new knowledge about the biological basis for chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables should allow development of both new varieties more tolerant to cold, and more efficient postharvest storage treatments and storage conditions. In order to improve the agricultural performance of modern crop varieties, including tomato, there is great potential in introgression of marker-defined genomic regions from wild species onto the background of elite breeding lines. To exploit this potential for improving tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage, we have used in this research a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the red-fruited tomato wild species SolanumpimpinellifoliumL. accession LA2093 and an advanced Solanum lycopersicumL. tomato breeding line NCEBR-1, developed in the laboratory of the US co-PI. The original specific objectives were: 1) Screening of RIL population resulting from the cross NCEBR1 X LA2093 for fruit chilling response during postharvest storage and estimation of its heritability; 2) Perform a transcriptopmic and bioinformatics analysis for the two parental lines following exposure to chilling storage. During the course of the project, we learned that we could measure greater differences in chilling responses among specific RILs compared to that observed between the two parental lines, and thus we decided not to perform transcriptomic analysis and instead invest our efforts more on characterization of the RILs. Performing the transcriptomic analysis for several RILs, which significantly differ in their chilling tolerance/sensitivity, at a later stage could result with more significant insights. The RIL population, (172 lines), was used in field experiment in which fruits were examined for chilling sensitivity by determining CI severity. Following the field experiments, including 4 harvest days and CI measurements, two extreme tails of the response distribution, each consisting of 11 RILs exhibiting either high sensitivity or tolerance to chilling stress, were identified and were further examined for chilling response in greenhouse experiments. Across the RILs, we found significant (P < 0.01) correlation between field and greenhouse grown plants in fruit CI. Two groups of 5 RILs, whose fruits exhibited reproducible chilling tolerant/sensitive phenotypes in both field and greenhouse experiments, were selected for further analyses. Numerous genetic, physiological, biochemical and molecular variations were investigated in response to postharvest chilling stress in the selected RILs. We confirmed the differential response of the parental lines of the RIL population to chilling stress, and examined the extent of variation in the RIL population in response to chilling treatment. We determined parameters which would be useful for further characterization of chilling response in the RIL population. These included chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, water loss, total non-enzymatic potential of antioxidant activity, ascorbate and proline content, and expression of LeCBF1 gene, known to be associated with cold acclimation. These parameters could be used in continuation studies for the identification and genetic mapping of loci contributing to chilling tolerance in this population, and identifying genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance in tomato. Once genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance are identified, the trait could be transferred to different genetic background via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. The collaborative research established in this program has resulted in new information and insights in this area of research and the collaboration will be continued to obtain further insights into the genetic, molecular biology and physiology of postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. The US Co-PI, developed the RIL population that was used for screening and measurement of the relevant chilling stress responses and conducted statistical analyses of the data. Because we were not able to grow the RIL population under field conditions in two successive generations, we could not estimate heritability of response to chilling temperatures. However, we plan to continue the research, grow the RIL progeny in the field again, and determine heritability of chilling tolerance in a near future. The IS and US investigators interacted regularly and plan to continue and expand on this study, since combing the expertise of the Co-PI in genetics and breeding with that of the PI in postharvest physiology and molecular biology will have great impact on this line of research, given the significant findings of this one-year feasibility project.
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Finkelshtain, Israel, and Tigran Melkonyan. The economics of contracts in the US and Israel agricultures. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695590.bard.
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Research Objectives 1) Reviewing the rich economic literature on contracting and agricultural contracting; 2) Conducting a descriptive comparative study of actual contracting patterns in the U.S. and Israeli agricultural sectors; 3) Theoretical analysis of division of assets ownership, authority allocation and incentives in agricultural production contracts; 4) Theoretical analysis of strategic noncompetitive choice of agricultural production and marketing contracts, 5) Empirical studies of contracting in agricultural sectors of US and Israel, among them the broiler industry, the citrus industry and sugar beet sector. Background Recent decades have witnessed a world-wide increase in the use of agricultural contracts. In both the U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many crops, fruits, vegetables and livestock commodities. The increased use of agricultural contracts raises a number of important economic policy questions regarding the optimal design of contracts and their determinants. Even though economists have made a substantial progress in understanding these issues, the theory of contracts and an empirical methodology to analyze contracts are still evolving. Moreover, there is an enormous need for empirical research of contractual relationships. Conclusions In both U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many agricultural commodities. In the U.S. more than 40% of the value of agricultural production occurred under either marketing or production contracts. The use of agricultural contracts in Israel is also ubiquitous and reaches close to 60% of the value of agricultural production. In Israel we have found strategic considerations to play a dominant role in the choice of agricultural contracts and may lead to noncompetitive conduct and reduced welfare. In particular, the driving force, leading to consignment based contracts is the strategic effect. Moreover, an increase in the number of contractors will lead to changes in the terms of the contract, an increased competition and payment to farmers and economic surplus. We found that while large integrations lead to more efficient production, they also exploit local monopsonistic power. For the U.S, we have studied in more detail the choice of contract type and factors that affect contracts such as the level of informational asymmetry, the authority structure, and the available quality measurement technology. We have found that assets ownership and decision rights are complements of high-powered incentives. We have also found that the optimal allocation of decision rights, asset ownership and incentives is influenced by: variance of systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, importance (variance) of the parties’ private information, parameters of the production technology, the extent of competition in the upstream and downstream industries. Implications The primary implication of this project is that the use of agricultural production and marketing contracts is growing in both the US and Israeli agricultural sectors, while many important economic policy questions are still open and require further theoretical and empirical research. Moreover, actual contracts that are prevailing in various agricultural sectors seems to be less than optimal and, hence, additional efforts are required to transfer the huge academic know-how in this area to the practitioners. We also found evidence for exploitation of market powers by contactors in various agricultural sectors. This may call for government regulations in the anti-trust area. Another important implication of this project is that in addition to explicit contracts economic outcomes resulting from the interactions between growers and agricultural intermediaries depend on a number of other factors including allocation of decision and ownership rights and implicit contracting. We have developed models to study the interactions between explicit contracts, decision rights, ownership structure, and implicit contracts. These models have been applied to study contractual arrangements in California agriculture and the North American sugarbeet industry.