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Journal articles on the topic 'Primary indicator'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Fiorentino, G., F. Annibali, G. Clementini, R. Contreras Ramos, M. Marconi, I. Musella, A. Saha, M. Tosi, A. Aloisi, and R. van der Marel. "Ultralong-period Cepheids: a possible primary distance indicator?" Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S289 (August 2012): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312021552.

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AbstractWe present a project that aims to provide a complete theoretical and observational framework for an as yet unexplored class of variable stars, the ultralong-period Cepheids (P longer than 80–100 days). Given their very high luminosities (MV up to −7 mag), with the Hubble Space Telescope we will be able to observe them easily in stellar systems located at large distances (~ 100 Mpc). This limit will be further increased, out to the Hubble flow (~ 350 Mpc), using future ground-based facilities such as the European Extremely Large Telescope. The nature of their pulsation is as yet unclear, as is their evolutionary status, which seems different from the central helium-burning phase generally associated with classical Cepheids. These objects have been found to cover a very large metallicity range, from [Fe/H] ~ −2 dex to solar values, and they are located in heterogeneous stellar systems, from dwarf to spiral galaxies. Once completely characterized, they could provide a crucial test, since they have been found in all Type Ia supernova host spiral galaxies that have been monitored for variability over long periods and that currently offer sound constraints on the estimated value of the Hubble constant.

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Khammissa, R. A. G., N. H. Wood, R. Meyerov, J. Lemmer, E. J. Raubenheimer, and Liviu Feller. "Primary Oral Tuberculosis as an Indicator of HIV Infection." Pathology Research International 2011 (December 20, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/893295.

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We present a case of primary oral tuberculosis that led to the diagnosis of HIV infection. Our patient had clinically nonspecific ulcers on the labial mucosa and on the ventral surface of the tongue which were diagnosed as being tuberculous only on histological examination. This raised the suspicion of HIV infection that was subsequently confirmed by blood tests. The oral lesions resolved after 4 weeks of antituberculosis treatment. Some aspects of the pathogenesis of HIV-tuberculosis coinfection are discussed.

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Nagpal, Shubha, and AdityaKailas Khadamkar. "Corneal endothelial density: An indicator for primary glaucoma progression." Sudanese Journal of Ophthalmology 12, no. 2 (2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sjopthal.sjopthal_5_20.

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4

Syamsudin, Amir, Budiyono Budiyono, and Sutrisno Sutrisno. "Model of affective assessment of primary school students." Research and Evaluation in Education 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/reid.v2i1.8307.

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This study aims to develop an instrument of affective assessment to measure the social competence of elementary school students in the learning process in schools. This study used the development model of Borg & Gall’s approach which was modified into five phases, including the need analyses, developing draft of the product conducted by experts, developing an affective assessment instrument, trying out the affective assessment instrument conducted by teachers of primary education in Yogyakarta, and the dissemination and implementation of the developed affective assessment instrument. The subjects were elementary school students whose school implemented Curriculum 2013 in the academic year of 2013/2014. The validity and reliability of each construct of the affective instrument were established using the PLS SEM Wrap PLS 3.0 analysis program. The study finds the following results. First, the construct of Honesty, Discipline, Responsibility, Decency, Care, and Self-Confidence in the limited, main, and extended testing has been supported by empirical data. Second, the validity of Honesty, Discipline, Responsibility, Decency, Care, and Self-Confidence in the limited, main, and extended testing meets the criteria above 0.70 for each indicator of the loading factor and the criteria below 0.50 for each indicator score of the cross-loading factor. Third, the reliability of Honesty, Discipline, Responsibility, Decency, Care, and Self-Confidence in limited, main, and extended testing meets the criteria above 0.70 for both composite reliability and Cronbach’s alpha scores. Fourth, the number of indicators at preresearch was 53, and 10 indicators were rejected in the limited testing, and four indicators were rejected in the main testing, and one indicator was rejected in the extended testing.

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Mariz Batista, Almária, Zenewton André da Silva Gama, and Dyego Souza. "Validation of the QualiPresc instrument for assessing the quality of drug prescription writing in primary health care." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): e0267707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267707.

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Introduction Adverse events related to drug prescriptions are the main patient safety issue in primary care; however there is a lack of validated instruments for assessing the quality of prescription writing, which covers the prescriber, the patient and the drug information. Objective To develop and validate the QualiPresc instrument to assess and monitor the quality of drug prescriptions in primary care, accompanied by a self-instruction direction, with the goal of filling the gap in validated instruments to assess the quality of prescription writing. Methodology A validation study conducted in a municipality in Northeastern Brazil, based on prescriptions prepared in January 2021 by physicians assigned to 18 Basic Health Units and filed in 6 distribution/dispensing units. Four steps were covered: 1) Analysis of content validity of each indicator (relevance and adequacy); 2) Analysis of reliability via intra and inter-rater agreement of each indicator; 3) Analysis of the utility of each indicator; 4) Construction and analysis of the reliability of a weighted composite indicator based on effectiveness and safety scores for each indicator. Results Twenty-nine potential indicators were listed, but only 13 were approved for validity, reliability and usefulness. Twelve indicators were excluded because of validity (<90% validity index) and four because they were not useful in the context of the study. Three weighted composite indicators were tested, but only one was approved for reliability and usefulness. The validated instrument therefore contains 13 indicators and 1 weighted composite indicator. Conclusion This study demonstrates the validity, reliability and usefulness of QualiPresc for the evaluation of prescription writing in the context of primary care. Application to contexts such as secondary care and tertiary care requires cross-cultural adaptation and new content validity. Educators, managers and health care professionals can access QualiPresc online, free of charge, to assess performance and provide feedback involving drug prescribers.

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Su, Steven, Siew Cheng Phua, Robert DeRose, Shuhei Chiba, Keishi Narita, Peter N. Kalugin, Toshiaki Katada, Kenji Kontani, Sen Takeda, and Takanari Inoue. "Genetically encoded calcium indicator illuminates calcium dynamics in primary cilia." Nature Methods 10, no. 11 (September 22, 2013): 1105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2647.

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7

Parker, C., R. S. Rampaul, S. E. Pinder, J. A. Bell, P. M. Wencyk, R. W. Blamey, R. I. Nicholson, J. F. R. Robertson, and I. O. Ellis. "E-cadherin as a prognostic indicator in primary breast cancer." British Journal of Cancer 85, no. 12 (December 2001): 1958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2001.2178.

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8

Tree, Julia A., Martin R. Adams, and David N. Lees. "Chlorination of Indicator Bacteria and Viruses in Primary Sewage Effluent." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 4 (April 2003): 2038–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.4.2038-2043.2003.

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ABSTRACT Wastewater disinfection is used in many countries for reducing fecal coliform levels in effluents. Disinfection is therefore frequently used to improve recreational bathing waters which do not comply with microbiological standards. It is unknown whether human enteric viruses (which are responsible for waterborne disease) are simultaneously inactivated alongside fecal coliforms. This laboratory study focused on the chlorination of primary treated effluent with three doses (8, 16, and 30 mg/liter) of free chlorine as sodium hypochlorite. Seeding experiments showed that inactivation (>5 log10 units) of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis was rapid and complete but that there was poor inactivation (0.2 to 1.0 log10 unit) of F+-specific RNA (FRNA) bacteriophage (MS2) (a potential virus indicator) at all three doses. However, seeded poliovirus was significantly more susceptible (2.8 log10 units) to inactivation by chlorine than was the FRNA bacteriophage. To ensure that these results were not artifacts of the seeding process, comparisons were made between inactivation rates of laboratory-seeded organisms in sterilized sewage and inactivation rates of organisms occurring naturally in sewage. Multifactorial analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the inactivation rates for seeded and naturally occurring FRNA bacteriophage. However, laboratory-grown poliovirus was inactivated much more rapidly than were naturally occurring, indigenous enteroviruses (P < 0.001). This may reflect differences in the way indigenous virus is presented to the disinfectant. Inactivation rates for indigenous enteroviruses were quite similar to those seen for FRNA bacteriophage at lower doses of chlorine. These results have significance for the effectiveness of chlorination as a sewage treatment process, particularly where virus contamination is of concern, and suggest that FRNA bacteriophage would be an appropriate indicator of such viral inactivation under field conditions.

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Ghose, Subroto. "Substance-Induced Psychosis: An Indicator of Development of Primary Psychosis?" American Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 4 (April 2018): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17121395.

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Reise, Steve P., and Craig J. Oliver. "Development of a California Q-Set Indicator of Primary Psychopathy." Journal of Personality Assessment 62, no. 1 (February 1994): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6201_12.

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Martinez, J. J., M. Peltz, J. E. Pruszynski, L. C. Huffman, P. Bajona, M. A. Wait, J. S. Murala, M. E. Jessen, and W. S. Ring. "Recipient Cardiac Enzymes: An Early Indicator of Primary Graft Dysfunction." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 37, no. 4 (April 2018): S435—S436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.1129.

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Cholilah, Cholilah, Tri Wijayanti, and Satibi Satibi. "Analisis Mutu Pengelolaan Obat di Puskesmas Kota Tegal." JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.69095.

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Primary health centers is a facility that organizes health efforts at the first level to achieve health degrees, but in its implementation is still constrained in realizing standard pharmaceutical services. The purpose of the research is to find out the quality of drug management in Tegal City primary Health Center. This study is a non-experimental descriptive study. The study was conducted throughout the primary health center in Tegal City. Data collection is prospective and retrospective by tracing documents to obtain secondary data and direct observations, interviews of pharmaceutical personnel, heads of primary health centers, and heads of the pharmaceutical section to obtain primary data. The next drug management indicator is done descriptive data analysis by calculating the value of the indicator with the formula then compared to the standard and inter primary health care. Indicators of drug management used 28 and those that meet standard 10. Indicator results include conformity of items with disease patterns 76.39%, planning accuracy 321.10%, the accuracy of the number of requests 169.84%, the storage of narcotics 72.92%, the storage of drugs without contamination 98.97%, the storage of high alert drugs 68.15%, the storage of LASA drugs 87.5%, ITOR 1.87 times /year, the availability of drugs 36.08 months, drug items less than 14.01%, safe drug items 37.94%, excess stock items 41.76%, non-prescribed drugs 4.59% and drug value ED 3.85%. These results show that drug management indicators in Tegal City primary health centers have not been efficient and need improvements ranging from the planning stage to control. Indicators that still need improvement include ITOR and all indicators of drug availability. Things that need to be done to improve indicators that have not been efficient include increasing the number and quality of pharmaceutical human resources in primary health centers, increasing supervision of drug use and control, building communication, and a good organizing culture in primary health centers.

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Kolozsvári, László Róbert, and Imre Rurik. "Quality improvement in primary care. Financial incentives related to quality indicators in Europe." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 28 (July 2013): 1096–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29631.

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Quality improvement in primary care has been an important issue worldwide for decades. Quality indicators are increasingly used quantitative tools for quality measurement. One of the possible motivational methods for doctors to provide better medical care is the implementation of financial incentives, however, there is no sufficient evidence to support or contradict their effect in quality improvement. Quality indicators and financial incentives are used in the primary care in more and more European countries. The authors provide a brief update on the primary care quality indicator systems of the United Kingdom, Hungary and other European countries, where financial incentives and quality indicators were introduced. There are eight countries where quality indicators linked to financial incentives are used which can influence the finances/salary of family physicians with a bonus of 1–25%. Reliable data are essential for quality indicators, although such data are lacking in primary care of most countries. Further, improvement of indicator systems should be based on broad professional consensus. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1096–1101.

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Tsumarieva, N. V. "ANXIETY AS AN INDICATOR OF EMOTIONAL DISADVANTAGE AND AN INDICATOR OF EMOTIONAL DEPRIVATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Psychology, no. 4 (2020): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2709-3093/2020.4/41.

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Yahya, Moy, Charles Reed, and Charles McGee. "Fate of Indicator Microorganisms During Primary and Secondary Wastewater Treatment Processes." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 7 (January 1, 2000): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784547223.

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POKORNY, CHRISTOPHER S., IAN D. NORTON, GEOFFREY W. McCAUGHAN, and WARWICK S. SELBY. "Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody: A prognostic indicator in primary sclerosing cholangitis." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 9, no. 1 (February 1994): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.1994.tb01214.x.

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Ramakrishnan, Sujatha, Aseem Paranjape, Oliver Hahn, and Ravi K. Sheth. "Cosmic web anisotropy is the primary indicator of halo assembly bias." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489, no. 3 (August 26, 2019): 2977–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2344.

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ABSTRACT The internal properties of dark matter haloes correlate with the large-scale halo clustering strength at fixed halo mass – an effect known as assembly bias – and are also strongly affected by the local, non-linear cosmic web. Characterizing a halo’s local web environment by its tidal anisotropy α at scales approximately four times the halo radius, we demonstrate that these multiscale correlations represent two distinct statistical links: one between the internal property and α, and the other between α and large-scale (${\gtrsim}30\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$) halo bias b1. We focus on scalar internal properties of haloes related to formation time (concentration cvir), shape (mass ellipsoid asphericity c/a), velocity dispersion structure (velocity ellipsoid asphericity cv/av and velocity anisotropy β), and angular momentum (dimensionless spin λ) in the mass range $8\times 10^{11}\lesssim M_{\rm vir}/(\, h^{-1}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot })\lesssim 5\times 10^{14}$. Using conditional correlation coefficients and other detailed tests, we show that the joint distribution of α, b1, and any of the internal properties c ∈ {β, cv/av, c/a, cvir, λ} is consistent with p(α, b1, c) ≃ p(α)p(b1|α)p(c|α), at all but the largest masses. Thus, the assembly bias trends c↔b1 reflect the two fundamental correlations c↔α and b1↔α. Our results are unaffected by the exclusion of haloes with recent major merger events or splashback objects, although the latter are distinguished by the fact that α does not explain their assembly bias trends. The overarching importance of α provides a new perspective on the nature of assembly bias of distinct haloes, with potential ramifications for incorporating realistic assembly bias effects into mock catalogues of future large-scale structure surveys and for detecting galaxy assembly bias.

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Kadaba, Vikaran, Natalia Lattanzio, Zalmi Rahmany, John Geha, and Niket Sonpal. "Dysphagia: The Primary Indicator of Esophageal Compression by a Pericardial Effusion." American Journal of Gastroenterology 113, Supplement (October 2018): S1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201810001-01825.

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Toi, Masakazu, Takeshi Tominaga, and Jitsuo Kashitani. "Tumor angiogenesis is an independent prognostic indicator in primary breast carcinoma." International Journal of Cancer 55, no. 3 (September 30, 1993): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910550305.

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Rohrer, James E., Rodney Young, Virginia Sicola, and Margaret Houston. "Overall self-rated health: a new quality indicator for primary care." Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 13, no. 1 (February 2007): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00692.x.

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Hou, Guey-Lin, and Chi-Cheng Tsai. "Primary Gingival Enlargement as a Diagnostic Indicator in Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia." Journal of Periodontology 59, no. 12 (December 1988): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1988.59.12.852.

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Kronenberg, Christoph, Tim Doran, Maria Goddard, Tony Kendrick, Simon Gilbody, Ceri R. Dare, Lauren Aylott, and Rowena Jacobs. "Identifying primary care quality indicators for people with serious mental illness: a systematic review." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 661 (July 3, 2017): e519-e530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x691721.

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BackgroundSerious mental illness (SMI) — which comprises long-term conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychoses — has enormous costs for patients and society. In many countries, people with SMI are treated solely in primary care, and have particular needs for physical care.AimThe objective of this study was to systematically review the literature to create a list of quality indicators relevant to patients with SMI that could be captured using routine data, and which could be used to monitor or incentivise better-quality primary care.Design and settingA systematic literature review, combined with a search of quality indicator databases and guidelines.MethodThe authors assessed whether indicators could be measured from routine data and the quality of the evidence.ResultsOut of 1847 papers and quality indicator databases identified, 27 were included, from which 59 quality indicators were identified, covering six domains. Of the 59 indicators, 52 could be assessed using routine data. The evidence base underpinning these indicators was relatively weak, and was primarily based on expert opinion rather than trial evidence.ConclusionWith appropriate adaptation for different contexts, and in line with the relative responsibilities of primary and secondary care, use of the quality indicators has the potential to improve care and to improve the physical and mental health of people with SMI. However, before the indicators can be used to monitor or incentivise primary care quality, more robust links need to be established, with improved patient outcomes.

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Frančáková, H., M. Líšková, T. Bojňanská, and J. Mareček. "Germination index as an indicator of malting potential." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 4 (June 13, 2012): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/314/2010-cjfs.

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The malting industry requires malt with a high extract yield, high levels of enzyme activity, and good modification to manufacture beer of excellent quality. The basic raw material for the beer production is the malting barley whose quality is of primary significance. Therefore, barley must be able to germinate vigorously and be post-harvest mature to meet these requirements. We find out to what extent barley physiological parameters influence the changes of malt technological parameters during post-harvest storage. The malt technological parameters investigated were the extract, relative extract at 45°C, Kolbach index, apparent final attenuation, friability, and wort β-glucan in relation to the germination energy and germination index. On the basis of the results obtained, it was found out that the germination index is the most suitable physiological parameter in view of the correlations with malt technological parameters, mainly the extract (r = 0.57) and relative extract at 45°C (r = 0.77). The germination index could be therefore used in the malting industry as a suitable indicator of the malting potential.  

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Satrya Dewi, Dewa Ayu Putu, Putu Eka Arimbawa, and Abdul Khodir Jaelani. "Evaluation Of Drugs Use With Who Prescribing Indicator In Kuta Primary Health." Jurnal Endurance 3, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jen.v3i3.3492.

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<p><em>The Government of Indonesia has a lot of intervention for rationalizing drug use of all levels of health services including Primary Health Care. One of the programs of rational use of drugs at Primary Health Care is monitoring and evaluation of drug use conducted by pharmacist. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the rationality of drug usein Kuta Primary Health Care that review from WHO prescribing indicators and knowing the difference percentage of rationality of drug use between Kuta Primary Health Care. This research used cross sectional design research conducted in Kuta Primary Health Care on October 2017. Data analyzed using descriptive analysis and Kruskall-Wallis test. The average number of drug prescribed per en counter was 2.9. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic drugs was 85.91percent. The percentage prescribed of encounters in which an antibiotic on ARI non Pneumonia was 29.94 pecent and percentage prescribing antibiotic drugs in a non-specific diarrhea was 23.84 percent. The percentage prescribed of encounters injection was 0 percent. On the basic of the finding of this study the prescribed practices for polypharmacy, generic prescribing, and antibiotic shows deviation from the standard recommended by WHO and Directorate General of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Indonesia. These finding suggested increase health workers knowledge through scientific meetings or Focus Group Disscution (FGD) that can support a rational use of drugs in the Primary Health Care.</em></p><p> </p><p>Pemerintah Indonesia telah banyak melakukan intervensi untuk merasionalkan penggunaan obat dari segala tingkat pelayanan kesehatan termasuk Puskesmas. Salah satu program Penggunaan Obat Rasional (POR) di Puskesmas adalah monev penggunaan obat yang dilakukan oleh farmasis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan evaluasi rasionalitas penggunaan obat di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kuta ditinjau dari indikator peresepan (% peresepan obat generik, % persentase antibiotik, % peresepan injeksi) dan mengetahui perbedaan persentase rasionalitas penggunaan obat antar Puskesmas Kecamatan Kuta. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian<em> cross sectional </em>yang dilakukan pada Puskesmas Kuta I, Kuta II, dan Kuta Utara pada bulan Oktober 2017. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan uji Kruskall-Wallis. Analisis deskriptif dari tenaga kesehatan menunjukkan bahwa, profesi Apoteker masih langka di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kuta yaitu hanya ada di Puskesmas Kuta 1 per November 2018. Hasil penelitian tiap parameter pada Puskesmas Kecamatan Kuta tidak ada yang memenuhi target kriteria POR dari target Dirjen Binfar kecuali parameter peresepan injeksi. Rata-rata obat tiap pasien adalah 2,9, % peresepan obat generik adalah 85,91%, % peresepan obat antibiotik pada ISPA non Pneumonia adalah 29,94%, % peresepan obat antibiotik pada diare non spesifik adalah 23,84%, dan % peresepan injeksi adalah 0%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Puskesmas Kecamatan Kuta masih mengalami masalah polifarmasi dan penggunaan antibiotik berlebihan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menunjukkan adanya kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan melalui pertemuan ilmiah atau <em>Focus Group Disscution (</em>FGD) yang dapat mendukung penggunaan obat yang rasional di Puskesmas.</p>

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Li, Xintong, Lekha Mukkamala, Catherine A. Origlieri, Bart K. Holland, Robert D. Fechtner, and Albert S. Khouri. "Corneal Haze as Prognostic Indicator of Intraocular Pressure in Primary Congenital Glaucoma." Journal of Glaucoma 25, no. 10 (October 2016): e855-e860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ijg.0000000000000471.

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Druss, Benjamin, and David Mechanic. "Should visit length be used as a quality indicator in primary care?" Lancet 361, no. 9364 (April 2003): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12968-6.

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27

Vent, Julia, Bastian Haidle, Inga Wedemeyer, Christian Huebbers, Oliver Siefer, Robert Semrau, Simon F. Preuss, and Jens Klussmann. "p16 Expression in carcinoma of unknown primary: Diagnostic indicator and prognostic marker." Head & Neck 35, no. 11 (January 23, 2013): 1521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.23190.

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28

Tanigawa, Nobuhiko, Yasuhiko Masuda, Takumi Shimomatsuya, Hidenori Fujii, Ryusuke Muraoka, and Takeo Tanaka. "Thymidine uptake in vitro as a prognostic indicator for primary gastric cancer." Cancer 72, no. 10 (November 15, 1993): 2883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19931115)72:10<2883::aid-cncr2820721005>3.0.co;2-3.

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Aapro, M. S., J. F. Eliason, F. Krauer, and P. Alberto. "Colony formation in vitro as a prognostic indicator for primary breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 5, no. 6 (June 1987): 890–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1987.5.6.890.

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Cells from some, but not all, tumor biopsy samples form colonies when cultured in semi-solid media. The possibility that colony formation by progenitor cells in these tumors may reflect a more "aggressive" phenotype bearing clinical implications was examined in a series of 61 patients with primary breast cancer. Tumor cells from 32 samples formed colonies in vitro. There was no correlation between colony formation and any of the standard clinical parameters such as tumor size, nodal status, metastatic spread, or hormone receptor levels. Eighteen patients had inflammatory, locally advanced and/or detectable metastatic breast cancer at the time of surgery. Sixteen of these patients have progressed and 15 have died, with no relationship between colony formation and survival. For the 43 remaining patients, 23 had a tissue sample that gave rise to colonies in vitro; 14 of these have relapsed, with a median relapse-free survival (RFS) of 37.6 months, and eight have died with a median survival time of 46.8 months. This is compared with four relapses (median RFS not reached, P = .0043, Peto-Pike), and four deaths (median not reached, P = .1175) in the group without growth of the tumor specimen. These results indicate that colony formation is an independent prognostic parameter for breast cancer, which may be useful for selecting patients who would benefit from more intensive therapy.

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Zhu, Feng, Cliff C. Chou, King H. Yang, and Albert I. King. "Development of a new biomechanical indicator for primary blast-induced brain injury." Chinese Journal of Traumatology 18, no. 1 (February 2015): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2014.10.001.

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31

Barnes, Deborah E., Alexa S. Beiser, Anne Lee, Kenneth M. Langa, Alain Koyama, Sarah R. Preis, John Neuhaus, et al. "Development and validation of a brief dementia screening indicator for primary care." Alzheimer's & Dementia 10, no. 6 (February 3, 2014): 656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.11.006.

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Chmielewski, Szymon, Andrzej Bochniak, Asya Natapov, and Piotr Wężyk. "Introducing GEOBIA to Landscape Imageability Assessment: A Multi-Temporal Case Study of the Nature Reserve “Kózki”, Poland." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172792.

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Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) is a primary remote sensing tool utilized in land-cover mapping and change detection. Land-cover patches are the primary data source for landscape metrics and ecological indicator calculations; however, their application to visual landscape character (VLC) indicators was little investigated to date. To bridge the knowledge gap between GEOBIA and VLC, this paper puts forward the theoretical concept of using viewpoint as a landscape imageability indicator into the practice of a multi-temporal land-cover case study and explains how to interpret the indicator. The study extends the application of GEOBIA to visual landscape indicator calculations. In doing so, eight different remote sensing imageries are the object of GEOBIA, starting from a historical aerial photograph (1957) and CORONA declassified scene (1965) to contemporary (2018) UAV-delivered imagery. The multi-temporal GEOBIA-delivered land-cover patches are utilized to find the minimal isovist set of viewpoints and to calculate three imageability indicators: the number, density, and spacing of viewpoints. The calculated indicator values, viewpoint rank, and spatial arrangements allow us to describe the scale, direction, rate, and reasons for VLC changes over the analyzed 60 years of landscape evolution. We found that the case study nature reserve (“Kózki”, Poland) landscape imageability transformed from visually impressive openness to imageability due to the impression of several landscape rooms enclosed by forest walls. Our results provide proof that the number, rank, and spatial arrangement of viewpoints constitute landscape imageability measured with the proposed indicators. Discussing the method’s technical limitations, we believe that our findings contribute to a better understanding of land-cover change impact on visual landscape structure dynamics and further VLC indicator development.

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Кривцун, Евгения Павловна, and Анна Павловна Кондратенко. "THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF CRITERIA AND INDICATORS OF FORMATION OF WORLD-VIEW SELF-DEFINITION OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Педагогика и психология, no. 3(52) (October 9, 2020): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpsyped/2020.3.175.

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Дается определение понятиям «мировоззренческое самоопределение», «критерий», «показатель»; рассмотрены требования к определению критериев и показателей в современном научном исследовании. Выделены и описаны критерии сформированности мировоззренческого самоопределения будущих педагогов начального образования: мотивационно-ценностный, когнитивный, праксиологический и рефлексивный. На основе выделенных критериев определены показатели мировоззренческого самоопределения будущих педагогов начального образования, указаны перспективы дальнейшего исследования. The article defines the concepts of «worldview self-determination», «criterion», «indicator»; The requirements for the definition of criteria and indicators in modern scientific research are considered. The authors have identified and described the criteria for the formation of ideological self-determination of future primary education teachers: motivational-value, cognitive, praxeological and reflective. Also, on the basis of the selected criteria, indicators of ideological self-determination of future primary education teachers are determined, and prospects for further research are indicated.

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Niaz, Q., B. Godman, A. Massele, S. Campbell, A. Kurdi, H. R. Kagoya, and D. Kibuule. "Validity of World Health Organisation prescribing indicators in Namibia’s primary healthcare: findings and implications." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 31, no. 5 (August 28, 2018): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzy172.

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Abstract Objective World Health Organization/International Network of Rational use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) indicators are widely used to assess medicine use. However, there is limited evidence on their validity in Namibia’s primary health care (PHC) to assess the quality of prescribing. Consequently, our aim was to address this. Design, setting, participants and interventions An analytical cross-sectional survey design was used to examine and validate WHO/INRUD indicators in out-patient units of two PHC facilities and one hospital in Namibia from 1 February 2015 to 31 July 2015. The validity of the indicators was determined using two-by-two tables against compliance to the Namibian standard treatment guidelines (NSTG). The receiver operator characteristics for the WHO/INRUD indicators were plotted to determine their accuracy as predictors of compliance to agreed standards. A multivariate logistic model was constructed to independently determine the prediction of each indicator. Main outcomes and results Out of 1243 prescriptions; compliance to NSTG prescribing in ambulatory care was sub-optimal (target was >80%). Three of the four WHO/INRUD indicators did not meet Namibian or WHO targets: antibiotic prescribing, average number of medicines per prescription and generic prescribing. The majority of the indicators had low sensitivity and/or specificity. All WHO/INRUD indicators had poor accuracy in predicting rational prescribing. The antibiotic prescribing indicator was the only covariate that was a significant independent risk factor for compliance to NSTGs. Conclusion WHO/INRUD indicators showed poor accuracy in assessing prescribing practices in ambulatory care in Namibia. There is need for appropriate models and/or criteria to optimize medicine use in ambulatory care in the future.

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Kress, Daniel H., Yanfang Su, and Hong Wang. "Assessment of Primary Health Care System Performance in Nigeria: Using the Primary Health Care Performance Indicator Conceptual Framework." Health Systems & Reform 2, no. 4 (September 29, 2016): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2016.1234861.

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Kummerová, M., and L. Váňová. "Chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of fluoranthene phototoxicity." Plant, Soil and Environment 53, No. 10 (January 7, 2008): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2197-pse.

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The effect of the short-time exposure (12, 24 and 48 h) of increasing concentration (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l) of intact (FLT) and photo-modified (phFLT) fluoranthene on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (<i>F</i><sub>0</sub>, <i>F</i><sub>V</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>M</sub> and Φ<sub>II</sub>) in pea plants (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L. cv. Lantra) was investigated. Plants took up both forms of fluoranthene by two different ways, via roots or via leaves. The obtained results demonstrated a significant increase in <i>F</i><sub>0</sub> and decrease in <i>F</i><sub>V</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>M</sub> and Φ<sub>II</sub> in plants treated by 1 and 10 mg/l FLT and phFLT. An earlier response to presence of FLT and phFLT in the environment was demonstrated by application on cut leaves. The primary processes of photosynthesis were not significantly influenced by short-time phFLT treatment.

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Fujioka, Roger S., Wesley M. Hirano, and Philip C. Loh. "Disinfection, Recontamination and Regrowth of Indicator Bacteria in a Wastewater Sludge Heat Treatment System." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1988): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0303.

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The largest sewage treatment plant in Hawaii produces 25,400 kg/day of primary sludge that is heat-treated (190°C) under 330 psig for 3 0 min. Although this treatment should result in a sterilized sludge product, the final sludge cake often contains high concentrations of fecal-borne indicator bacteria. The heat-treatment process was shown to disinfect the sludge of indicator bacteria. However, post contamination of the heat-treated sludge by raw sludge and by chlorinated primary effluent and the regrowth of indicator bacteria in the sludge storage tanks resulted in the presence of indicator bacteria in the sludge cake.

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Menacho, I., E. Sequeira, M. Muns, O. Barba, L. Leal, T. Clusa, E. Fernandez, et al. "Comparison of two HIV testing strategies in primary care centres: indicator-condition-guided testingvs. testing of those with non-indicator conditions." HIV Medicine 14 (August 28, 2013): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12064.

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Silva-Sobrinho, Reinaldo Antonio, Anneliese Domingues Wysocki, Lúcia Marina Scatena, Erika Simone Galvão Pinto, Aline Ale Beraldo, Rubia Laine Paula Andrade, Adriana Zilly, et al. "Assessment of Primary Health Care in the Treatment of Tuberculosis in a Brazilian Locality of the International Triple Frontier." Open Nursing Journal 11, no. 1 (September 22, 2017): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874434601711010124.

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Objective:To evaluate the performance of Primary Health Care (PHC) in treatment of TB patients in a triple international border municipality.Methods:The present study was an evaluative survey of cross-sectional and quantitative approach conducted with 225 PHC healthcare professionals. Data was collected through a structured and validated instrument, which provided five indicators of "structure" and four indicators of "process" classified as unsatisfactory, regular or satisfactory.Results:The "structure" component was unsatisfactory for the indicator of professionals involved in TB care and training, and regular for the indicator of connection between the units and other levels of care. The "process" component was regular for the indicators of TB information, directly observed treatment and reference and counter reference on TB, and unsatisfactory for external actions on TB control.Conclusion:The "structure" and "process" components points out some weaknesses in terms of management and organization of human resources. Low frequency of training and the turnover influenced the involvement of professionals. Elements of "structure" and "process" show the need for investing in the PHC team and improving the clinical management of cases.

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Hill, V. R., and M. D. Sobsey. "Microbial indicator reductions in alternative treatment systems for swine wastewater." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0518.

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Bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens in swine wastes are of public health concern because many are able to infect humans. Hence, treatment processes must be effective in removing or destroying these microbes before wastewater discharge. Primary treatment by anaerobic lagoon is the current best management practice (BMP) for swine wastewater in the USA but alternative processes were also investigated for their potential to improve treatment. Wastewater samples were collected approximately monthly from March-December 1997 at a North Carolina swine nursery. Geometric mean concentrations for bacterial indicators (faecal coliforms, E coli, enterococci and C perfringens spores) in lagoon effluent were 3.3×105, 2.8×105, 3.4×105 and 2.2×104 CFU/100mL respectively. For somatic and male-specific coliphages they were 1.4×105 and 5.0×103 PFU/100mL respectively. Bacterial indicator levels in swine lagoon effluents are much higher than allowed for municipal wastewater effluents discharged to land or water. The anaerobic lagoon achieved reductions of 1.1–2.2 log10 for all indicators except C perfringens spores (0.2 log10). Of the secondary treatment processes, constructed wetlands achieved the best indicator microbe reductions ranging from 1.1–2.5 log10. A media filter and an overland flow system achieved mean indicator reductions of only 0.2–1.2 and 0.2–0.8 log10, respectively. The results indicate that a primary-secondary treatment system, an anaerobic lagoon and constructed wetlands, can achieve reductions of 2.9–4.8 log10 for bacterial and viral indicators and 1.5 log10 for C perfringens spores.

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Borgès Da Silva, Roxane, Isabelle Brault, Raynald Pineault, Maud-Christine Chouinard, Alexandre Prud’homme, and Danielle D’Amour. "Nursing Practice in Primary Care and Patients’ Experience of Care." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 9 (January 1, 2018): 215013191774718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131917747186.

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Purpose: Nurses are identified as a key provider in the management of patients in primary care. The objective of this study was to evaluate patients’ experience of care in primary care as it pertained to the nursing role. The aim was to test the hypothesis that, in primary health care organizations (PHCOs) where patients are systematically followed by a nurse, and where nursing competencies are therefore optimally used, patients’ experience of care is better. Method: Based on a cross-sectional analysis combining organizational and experience of care surveys, we built 2 groups of PHCOs. The first group of PHCOs reported having a nurse who systematically followed patients. The second group had a nurse who performed a variety of activities but did not systematically follow patients. Five indicators of care were constructed based on patient questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate linear mixed models with random intercepts and with patients nested within were used to analyze the experience of care indicators in both groups. Results: Bivariate analyses revealed a better patient experience of care in PHCOs where a nurse systematically followed patients than in those where a nurse performed other activities. In multivariate analyses that included adjustment variables related to PHCOs and patients, the accessibility indicator was found to be higher. Conclusion: Results indicated that systematic follow-up of patients by nurses improved patients’ experience of care in terms of accessibility. Using nurses’ scope of practice to its full potential is a promising avenue for enhancing both patients’ experience of care and health services efficiency.

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Lindgren, Stefan, Bjarne Hansen, Anders G. Sjoholm, and Rolf Manthorpe. "Complement Activation in Patients with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome: An Indicator of Systemic Disease." Autoimmunity 16, no. 4 (January 1993): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08916939309014649.

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Hulsman, Caroline A. A. "Family Score as an Indicator of Genetic Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma." Archives of Ophthalmology 120, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.120.12.1726.

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Icard, Philippe, Jean-François Regnard, Arthur Essomba, Vincenzo Panebianco, Pierre Magdeleinat, and Philippe Levasseur. "Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level as a prognostic indicator in resected primary lung cancer." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 58, no. 3 (September 1994): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(94)90755-2.

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Vanderburg, Richard, Nivaldo Alonso, Priya Desai, Peter Donkor, Peter Mossey, Erin Stieber, and Felicity V. Mehendale. "Age at Primary Cleft Lip Repair: A Potential Bellwether Indicator for Pediatric Surgery." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 9, no. 6 (June 2021): e3657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000003657.

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Vuksanovic, Jasmina, Aleksandra Jovanovic, Irena Avramovic-Ilic, and Boban Petrovic. "Some indicators of (un)successful reading." Psihologija 41, no. 3 (2008): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0803343v.

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In the paper we set the aim to determine whether phonological awareness and short-term verbal memory are indicators of a subsequent reading acquisition. The sample consisted of 194 first graders from two primary schools in Belgrade. The results of our research showed that the most significant indicator of the subsequent (un)successful reading was phonological awareness. The short-term verbal memory is, to a lesser extent, an indicator of the subsequent reading acquisition defined by the time needed for reading the text and by the text comprehension. Our findings offer basis for proposing that the phonological awareness assessment should be implemented into the regular procedure of assessing child's readiness for school. In this way children in need for preventive stimulation within the inclusive programme in primary schools could be identified.

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Huisman, Olivier, and Maurice S. Fox. "A GENETIC ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY PRODUCTS OF BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA RECOMBINATION." Genetics 112, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/112.3.409.

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ABSTRACT Primary products of bacteriophage lambda recombination that display heterozygosity as a consequence of the presence of regions of heteroduplex DNA are rare in standard λ crosses. Phage manifesting heterozygosity at a given allele are evident when recombinants, emerging from a cross, are selected for an exchange in a neighboring interval. We show that the abundance of such heterozygotes can be increased 10- to 20-fold by selection on an E. coli indicator that is defective in methyl-directed mismatch repair (mutL). Thus, the activity of the methyl-directed mismatch repair system is, at least in part, responsible for the low frequency of detectably heterozygous phage emerging from a standard cross. In a mutL indicator, many primary products of recombination are replicated without the intervention of mismatch repair.—The products of a six-factor phage cross have been plated on a mutL indicator allowing visual detection of those phage products heterozygous for one of the allelic pairs, cI. By genetic analysis, we show that the heteroduplex regions of these primary products of recombination are on the average about 4 kb in length and can include as much as half of the lambda genome.

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Chang, Y.-C., F.-P. Liu, X. Ma, M.-M. Li, R. Li, C.-W. Li, C.-X. Shi, et al. "Glutathione S-transferase A1 – a sensitive marker of alcoholic injury on primary hepatocytes." Human & Experimental Toxicology 36, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327116650013.

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The primary hepatocytes were extracted and purified from mice through improved Seglen two-step perfusion method. Ethanol-induced injury hepatocytes model in mice was used to investigate the importance of glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) in hepatocytes injury by comparison with other indicators, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase. The release of GSTA1 was demonstrated to be an earlier and more sensitive indicator of hepatocytes injury than other indicators. Significant increases in GSTA1 were detected at 2 h after ethanol exposure, while other indicators were undetected at this time. A markedly difference in other indicators were observed at 6 and 8 h. The release of GSTA1 was significantly increased at a concentration of 50 mmol/L ethanol, the lowest exposure concentration than that in other indicators. In contrast, other indicators release was not statistically significant until concentrations of 75 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L ethanol. These results suggest that GSTA1 can be detected at the early stage of low concentration ethanol exposure and that GSTA1 is more sensitive and reliable marker in ethanol-induced hepatic injury.

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Pani, Narendar. "Towards an Asset-based Indicator of Poverty." Indian Journal of Human Development 14, no. 2 (August 2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703020933740.

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In the debate on the measurement of poverty in India, which has sometimes bordered on the acrimonious, there has been near unanimity on the use of consumption expenditure as the primary basis for determining the poverty line. This article points to the many limitations of using consumption as the sole indicator of poverty, including ignoring the role of non-market state support. As an alternative, it offers assets as a more reliable indicator of the condition of poverty. Recognizing that poverty is more than just the lower end of the inequality of income, it builds a measure that is more sensitive to deprivation. This measure allows for a focus on differences between the poor and those who face absolute deprivation. The article goes on to demonstrate that the relationship between this indicator and other measures of non-market state support can be used to evaluate anti-poverty measures.

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Hoff, Geir, Øyvind Holme, Michael Bretthauer, Per Sandvei, Ole Darre-Næss, Asbjørn Stallemo, Håvard Wiig, et al. "Cecum intubation rate as quality indicator in clinical versus screening colonoscopy." Endoscopy International Open 05, no. 06 (May 31, 2017): E489—E495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-106180.

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Abstract Background and study aims Some guidelines recommend a minimum standard of 90 % cecal intubation rate (CIR) in routine clinics and 95 % in screening colonoscopy, while others have not made this distinction – both with limited evidence to support either view. This study questions the rationale for making such differentiation. Patients and methods We assessed cecum intubation rates amongst colonoscopies recorded in the Norwegian national quality register Gastronet by 35 endoscopists performing both clinical and screening colonoscopies. Colonoscopies were categorized into primary screening colonoscopy, work-up colonoscopy of screen-positives and clinical colonoscopy or surveillance. Cases with insufficient bowel preparation or mechanical obstruction were excluded. Endoscopists were categorized into “junior” and “senior” endoscopists depending on training and experience. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied. Results During a 2-year period, 10,267 colonoscopies were included (primary screening colonoscopy: 746; work-up colonoscopy of screen-positives: 2,604; clinical colonoscopy or surveillance: 6917). The crude CIR in clinical routine colonoscopy, primary screening colonoscopy and work-up colonoscopy was 97.1 %, 97.1 % and 98.6 %, respectively. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, there were no differences in CIR between the 3 groups. Poor bowel cleansing and female sex were independent predictors for intubation failure. Conclusion Cecal intubation rate in clinical colonoscopies and colonoscopy screening are similar. There is no reason to differentiate between screening and clinical colonoscopy with regard to CIR.

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