Journal articles: 'Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs)'

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Dahunsi, Florence Tope. "Information sharing and use by health care workers in primary health care workers in Oyo State, Nigeria." Library and Information Perspectives and Research 4, no. 1/2 (2022): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47524/lipr.v4i1.58.

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This study investigated information sharing and use by health care workers in primary health care centres in Oyo State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design of the correlational type was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 1787 health care workers spread across 33 primary health care centers (PHCCs) in the headquarters of the Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Oyo State, Nigeria. Sample size of 631 was used for the study and questionnaire was used for data collection. Findings from the study revealed work related issues, problem solving, provision of forum for discussion of ideas and exchange for a reward as major purposes for which primary health care workers in PHCCs Oyo State, Nigeria shared information among themselves just as a high level of information sharing was established amongst them. Also, findings from the study established major purposes of information use by the health care workers as including performance of difficult and technical tasks, helping to influence others to translate vision into action, to come up with unique ideas and to adapt, and work with colleagues and other stakeholders in the sector. On the frequency of use of information by the health care workers, the study revealed occasional use but a positive significant relationship was established between information sharing and use. The study recommended the provision of relevant information management facilities such as computers and related technologies by the management of primary healthcare centres in Oyo State, Nigeria for effective information sharing and use among the primary healthcare workers.

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Al-Sattam, Zahraa, Samia Hassan, Bushra Majeed, and Zaid Al-Attar. "Knowledge about Anemia in Pregnancy among Females Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (February 6, 2022): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8506.

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BACKGROUND: In pregnancy, several physiological changes occur that lead to decrease in the level of hemoglobin. Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern in underdeveloped nations, with a high rate of morbidity and death among pregnant women. Inadequate prenatal care, a lack of information about the nutritional requirements of pregnant women, and general low socioeconomic circumstances all contribute to these high rates of morbidity and death. As pregnant women’s and husbands’ education levels increased, the frequency and severity of anemia decreased in the investigated community of pregnant women. AIM: This study aims to find out the level of knowledge about anemia in pregnancy among adult females attending primary health care centers (PHCCs) and to find out if there is any association between sociodemographic characteristics of adult females and knowledge about anemia in pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with analytic component conducted in four PHCCs in Al-Adhamiya Health District during a period of 4 months from December 1, 2020, to April 1, 2021. It included 400 females aged between 18 and 45 years attending the selected PHCCs for any complaint. The data had been collected through the distribution of well-designed questionnaire including two parts: Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge parts. RESULTS: In this study, overall knowledge score of the participants about anemia in pregnancy showed that 60% had fair knowledge. There were statistically significant associations between knowledge score and age of females, marital status, educational level, occupation, and parity. CONCLUSION: The majority of Iraqi adult females have fair and acceptable levels of knowledge about anemia in pregnancy. Younger age, being single, low educational level, unemployed, and low parity were associated with worst level of knowledge.

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KC, Ashish, Dipendra Raman Singh, Madan Kumar Upadhyaya, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Abhishek Gurung, and Mats Målqvist. "Quality of Care for Maternal and Newborn Health in Health Facilities in Nepal." Maternal and Child Health Journal 24, S1 (December 17, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-019-02846-w.

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Abstract Introduction Nepal has pledged to substantially reduce maternal and newborn death by 2030. Improving quality of intrapartum health services will be vital to reduce these deaths. This paper examines quality of delivery and newborn services in health facilities of Nepal. Methods Data were sourced from the Nepal Health Facility Survey 2015, which covered a national representative sample of health facilities. The datasets were analysed to assess service readiness, availability and quality of delivery and newborn care in a sample of 992 health facilities. Results Of the 992 facilities in the sample, 623 provided delivery and newborn care services. Of the 623 facilities offering delivery and newborn care services, 13.3% offered comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmONC), 19.6% provided basic emergency obstetric care (BEmONC) and 53.9% provided basic delivery and newborn service. The availability of essential equipment for delivery and newborn care was more than 80% in health facilities. Except for the coverage of vitamin K injection, the coverage of immediate newborn care was more than 85% in all health facilities. The coverage of use of chlorhexidine ointment to all newborns was more than 70% in government hospitals and primary health care centers (PHCCs) and only 32.3% in private hospitals. Conclusions These findings show gaps in equipment and drugs, especially in PHCCs and private health facilities. Improving readiness and availability of equipment and drugs in PHCCs and private health facility will help improve the quality of care to further reduce maternal and newborn mortality in Nepal.

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M. Alazmi, Alhanouf, Fathi Zouheir Mbarki, Abeer Ahmed Sharahili, Amal Ahmed Ghzwany, and Esra Ali Alhwsawi. "OBSTACLES ENCOUNTERED WHILE DEALING WITH EMERGENCY CASES BY PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PHYSICIANS IN CLUSTER 1 RIYADH CITY, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12809.

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Background: The frontline primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) are regularly visited for different medical problems, ranging from minor situation to emergency cases. The frontline primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) are regularly visited for different medical problems, ranging from minor situation to emergency cases. Therefore, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted to assess nature of encountered acute medical emergencies, self-perception and competencies of PCH physicians dealing with them, and, sufficiency of the required PHCCs equipment in hospitals of Riyadh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study enrolled all the physicians in governmental PHCCs, Ministry of Health (cluster 1) Riyadh city during the study period. The study was conducted using modified previously validated online accessible questionnaire. Online questionnaire was distributed across the selected Primary health care centers in Riyadh by submitting it to PHC manager to distribute to all PHC physicians during study period Results: In this study, we were able to collect 206 responses for our questionnaire among primary healthcare physicians. Among these physicians 58.8 % were aged between 25-35 years old and 55.3 % were females. We found that the percentage of PHC physicians who will attempt to perform the assessed skills for all patients did not exceed 30%. The least cases seen by physicians were cardiac arrest, acute GIT bleeding, anaphylaxis and acute vaginal bleeding which never seen during the last year by 83.1 %, 72.8 %, 70.9 % and 68 % of participants respectively. Conclusion: The current study showed that emergency services at the PHC level in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia are not functioning reasonably in some terms. Therefore, the services need to be perfected, and defects revealed by the current study should be taken into consideration hand-in-hand with available resources to upgrade the quality of the emergency services provided at PHC centers in Riyadh.

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Sundvall, Pär-Daniel, Ingmarie Skoglund, Maria Hess-Wargbaner, and Christina Åhrén. "Rational antibiotic prescribing in primary care: qualitative study of opportunities and obstacles." BJGP Open 4, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): bjgpopen20X101079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20x101079.

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BackgroundThe Swedish strategic programme against antibiotic resistance (Strama) has worked towards rational use of antibiotics, and Swedish antibiotic prescribing is low.AimTo explore how opportunities and obstacles for rational antibiotic prescribing were perceived by primary health care centres (PHCCs).Design & settingA qualitative study of 50 randomly selected reports from approximately 200 PHCCs in 2013 and 2016 in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.MethodOne assigned GP at each PHCC reported yearly in an open-ended questionnaire on how the PHCC worked to improve antibiotic prescribing. The report included several antibiotic-related tasks and a summary of reflective meetings with the doctors, the head of the PHCC, and, preferably, also the nurses. The reports were qualitatively analysed using Malterud’s systematic text condensation (STC).Results'Everyone wants to do right, but sometimes you do not know what's right or wrong.' Knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases was highlighted. Knowledge and skills had to be internalised by the clinician in order to bring about behavioural change. This could be achieved through reflective, collegial dialogues where consensus often was found. Structural factors at the PHCC could provide good conditions for 'doing right', but could also constitute obstacles. Teamwork involving all personnel was important to achieve rational antibiotic prescribing.ConclusionEnablers for rational antibiotic prescribing were knowledge, reflective collegial dialogues, a well organised workplace, and a collaborating team. Obstacles were lack of knowledge, insufficient staffing, perceived lack of time, and overuse of laboratory tests. Patients’ attitudes and expectations could be both.

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Alzghaibi, Haitham, Ali H. Alharbi, Yasir H. Mughal, Mohammed H. Alwheeb, and Adel S. Alhlayl. "Assessing primary health care readiness for large-scale electronic health record system implementation: Project team perspective." Health Informatics Journal 29, no. 1 (January 2023): 146045822311527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582231152790.

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Introduction: The introduction of information technology was one of the key priorities for policymakers in healthcare organisations over the last two decades, due to the potential benefits of this technology to improve healthcare services and quality. However, about 50% of those projects failed to achieve their intended aims. This was as a result of several factors and included the level of readiness to the new IT projects. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the readiness of Saudi primary health care centres (PHCCs) readiness for the implementation of an electronic health record system (EHRS) from the project team perspective. Methods: Explanatory mixed methods design was used with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Thirty-one members of project team at the ministry of health (MOH) participated in the online-based questionnaire, while 13 participants from the same population took part in the semi-structure interviews. Eight different readiness scales were quantitatively examined. These scales include resources, Knowledge, process, management structure and administrative support, end user, technology and values and goals. Result: Although, very high level of readiness has been recorded at the process, management structure and administrative support levels, readiness was average at the end user, technology and values and goals levels. Moreover, the study findings revealed that primary health care centres readiness for an electronic health record system must be considered in the early stages of implementation (pre-implementation phase), particularly readiness at a technical level, such as preparedness of the infrastructure. A positive significant correlation has been recorded between all readiness scales with centralization of management system and financial resources. Conclusion: Overall, the level of primary health care centres readiness recorded to be high, which indicates that primary health care centres are ready for implementation of the electronic health record system, and in this context, management structure, organizational process, financial recourses and administrative support play significant roles to increase the project success rate.

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Bindawas, Saad M., Vishal Vennu, Saada M. Al-Orf, Sulaiman A. Alshammari, Maysoon M. Al-Amoud, Philip C. Calder, May N. Al-Muammar, and Adel A. Alhamdan. "Normative Data for Handgrip Strength in Saudi Older Adults Visiting Primary Health Care Centers." Medicina 55, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060251.

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Background and objective: Handgrip strength (HGS) plays a vital role as a predictor of adverse health outcomes. Several studies have established HGS norms by age, sex, hand, occupation, culture or disability in different countries and for children in Saudi Arabia. However, standardized values for Saudi older adults have not yet been reported. Therefore, the current study was aimed to establish normative data for HGS in Saudi older adults visiting primary health care centers (PHCCs). Material and Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, HGS in kilograms was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer in Saudi older adults (n = 2045) aged ≥60 years visiting 15 PHCCs selected randomly from the five geographical regions of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2015 and April 2017. The average mean from three successive trials, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals presented for the left and right hands of men and women in six age groups (60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, and 85+ years). The analyses were performed using the ANOVA test for all the age groups and to determine whether any differences exist between them. Results: The average mean HGS was significantly (p < 0.0001) differ by the left and right hands of men and women in six age groups. Conclusions: The current study presents specific norms for HGS in Saudi older adults by age, sex, and hand. Further studies are required to examine the utility of these norms for prediction of morbidity and mortality in this population.

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Gurung, Milan, and Arvind Saraswat. "Satisfaction of Patients from the Quality Service of Diagnosis of Health Problem in Public Health Institutions of Nepal." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v2i3.26973.

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Health should be the first priority of each people; people can do creative work if s/he is healthy. According to the annual report of the Department of Health Services (DoHS) for fiscal year 2072/73 (2015/2016), the main institutions that delivered basic health services were 104 public hospitals, 303 private hospitals, 202 primary health care centres (PHCCs) and 3,803 health posts. The primary health care services also provided 12,660 primary health care outreach clinic (PHCORC) sites. The health service was affected from the earthquake of April 2015 so the study aims to identify the satisfaction of patient from quality of diagnosis of health problem in public health institutions after earthquake. The study had covered 82 health institutions (45 from Kavre and 37 from Sindhupalchowak district). The statistical result of t-test shows that there was significant difference in approach of doctors (p = .012), and counselling of doctors (p=.043) but there was no difference in answering the queries promptly (p=.187), and explanation given for aliment (p = .180). The descriptive data show slight increase in level of satisfaction of patient after earthquake. Still health posts established in rural setting have inadequate human resource basically doctors are not adequate so Government should provide the trained Doctor in rural areas to increase the access of rural people in health services.

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Ejlertsson, Lina, Bodil Heijbel, Annika Brorsson, Margareta Troein, and Ingemar H. Andersson. "Customized interventions improved employees’ experience of recovery during the workday." Work 70, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213588.

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BACKGROUND: There is a lack of research regarding factors promoting recovery during the workday and effective interventions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how different intervention activities may impact employees’ experiences of recovery at the workplace. METHODS: Customized intervention activities based on qualitative results and a participatory approach were integrated among the employees at six primary health care centres (PHCCs; n = 166) during one year. Recovery and workplace factors were measured with a questionnaire at the start and end of intervention, and also in a control group (15 PHCCs; n = 328). Group differences were tested (Chi-2) and explanatory factors compared by logistic regression models. RESULTS: The proportion of employees reporting workday recovery increased in the intervention group (19.9%to 29.1%; p = 0.01), whereas the control group showed no significant change. Recovery was explained by self-reflection and reflection with co-workers. After intervention, having influence on work situation, energy-building experience, and opportunity for laughter also contributed significantly to recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The results contribute to work recovery research by confirming that a customized intervention may have an impact on employees’ recovery experiences. The study showed that considering the factors of reflection, influence, and companionship can positively impact workplace recovery.

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Garmendia, Maria Luisa, Camila Corvalan, Marcela Araya, Paola Casanello, Juan Pedro Kusanovic, and Ricardo Uauy. "Effectiveness of a normative nutrition intervention in Chilean pregnant women on maternal and neonatal outcomes: the CHiMINCs study." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 4 (July 21, 2020): 991–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa185.

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ABSTRACT Background Some nutritional interventions have shown their efficacy in reducing gestational weight gain (GWG); however, their applicability in routine care is limited. Objective We assessed the effectiveness of a low-intensity and high-coverage nutritional intervention on maternal and offspring outcomes; the intervention enhanced existing nutritional health care standards and practices at the primary health care level in Chile. Methods This study was a cluster-randomized controlled trial of 12 primary health care centers (PHCCs) from Santiago, Chile. PHCCs were randomly allocated to either nutritional intervention [intervention group (IG), n = 5] or routine care [control group (CG), n = 7]. A total of 4631 pregnant women were recruited (IG, n = 2565; and CG, n = 2066). Primary outcomes were adequate GWG and glycemic control in mothers and birth weight, birth length, macrosomia, and large for gestational age in neonates. The intervention consisted of 4 key actions: training of health care professionals on nutritional recommendations, counseling of pregnant women on diet and physical activity recommendations, offering a physical activity program implemented in the participating PHCCs, and adequate referral to dietitians. Women randomly assigned to the CG received routine antenatal care. Results At baseline, the mean age was 26.1 y; 45% of women were primipara and 24% were obese. No differences were found in the percentage of women achieving adequate GWG (IG: 30.3%, compared with CG: 31.3%; OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.09), but women in the IG had lower GWG than those in the CG (11.3 compared with 11.9 kg; mean difference: −0.63 kg; 95% CI: −1.19, −0.08). Effects of the intervention were significantly higher in women with obesity at the begining of pregnancy (mean difference: −1.24 kg; 95% CI: −2.18, −0.30; P for interaction < 0.05). No differences were found between groups regarding maternal glycemic control or neonatal outcomes. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a low-intensity, high-coverage intervention delivered through the Chilean public health care system under standard operating conditions reduces GWG and has the potential for successful scale-up. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01916603.

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Zafirovski, Aleksandar, Marija Zafirovska, Danica Rotar-Pavlić, Ljubin Sukriev, and Nino Zajc. "The Frequency and Form of Controls by HIIS over Primary Health Care Physicians in Slovenia." Acta Medica Academica 50, no. 2 (November 21, 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.350.

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Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of controls and sanctions by the Health Insurance Institute (HIIS) over primary healthcare practitioners (PHCPs) in Slovenia, the reasons for sanctions and the violence against PHCPs if they followed the HIIS rules.Materials and Methods. We performed analyses using survey data from a cross-sectional study, across public health centres and individual contractors in which 1,458 PHCPs were invited to answer a questionnaire anonymously via an online system used to collect data for the Slovenian Medical Chamber and the Association of General Practice/Family Medicine of South-East Europe. Quantitative data were presented by descriptive statistics and analysed using Pearson’s chisquared test. Results. Responses were obtained from 462 female and 138 male PHCPs. Of the total number of 600 participants, 430 were family medicine specialists. 263 (43.8%) responded that they have been sanctioned for various reasons. PHCPs that are more likely to be sanctioned include family medicine specialists and individual contractors. PHCPs working in areas smaller than 20 000 inhabitants were sanctioned in a bigger proportion than their counterparts. Monetary penalties levied against those working at health centres were usually covered by the health centre. Family medicine specialists, more often than other PHCPs experienced violence from patients or patients’ relatives if they followed HIIS rules. Conclusion. Family medicine specialists are sanctioned more frequently than other PHCPs, individual contractors are sanctioned more frequently than public healthcare PHCPs and PHCPs in working area with a population less than 20.000 are more frequently sanctioned than those working in an area with a bigger population count.

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Wardani, Rizky Liestya, Suharjono, Kuntaman, and Agus Widjaja. "Antibiotic use on acute respiratory tract infection nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea in Primary Health Care Centre in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia." Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 32, no. 4 (June 25, 2021): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0417.

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Abstract Objectives Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea are the most common cases in primary health care centre (PHCC) in Indonesia with the enormous use of antibiotics. The aims of this study were to analyze the antibiotic use and factors affected to the quality of antibiotic use in PHCC in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methods The study was conducted in four PHCCs, two in urban and two in rural areas. All of the patients visited these PHCCs since March to April 2018 were recruited as samples after signing informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results There were no significant difference in antibiotic use between urban and rural PHCC, both on ARTI nonpneumonia and nonspecific diarrhea. The most prescribed antibiotics were amoxycillin and cephadroxil. Based on DDD/1,000 patients-day calculation, the quantity of antibiotics in urban PHCC was 3,544.4 and in rural PHCC was 3,478.6. Physicians with more than seven years of service, both in rural and urban PHCCs, were prescribe the antibiotics higher than who had been working for shorter period. There were no significant difference between physicians who had trained on rational drug use and had not trained yet in urban PHCC (p=0.874), while in rural PHCC there were a significant difference among them. Conclusions The quantitative analysis showed that the antibiotics use in DDD in urban PHCC was 3,544.416 and in rural PHCC was 3,478.693. Factors affected to the quality of antibiotic use were physician’s years of service and rational drug use training’s.

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Bayo, Pontius, Imose Itua, Suzie Paul Francis, Kofi Boateng, Elijo Omoro Tahir, and Abdulmumini Usman. "Estimating the met need for emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services in three payams of Torit County, South Sudan: a facility-based, retrospective cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e018739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018739.

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ObjectiveTo determine the met need for emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services in three Payams of Torit County, South Sudan in 2015 and to determine the frequency of each major obstetric complication.DesignThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingFour primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) and one state hospital in three payams (administrative areas that form a county) in Torit County, South Sudan.ParticipantsAll admissions in the obstetrics and gynaecology wards (a total of 2466 patient admission files) in 2015 in all the facilities designated to conduct deliveries in the study area were reviewed to identify obstetric complications.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was met need for EmOC, which was defined as the proportion of all women with direct major obstetric complications in 2015 treated in health facilities providing EmOC services. The frequency of each complication and the interventions for treatment were the secondary outcomes.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty four major obstetric complications were admitted in 2015 out of 390 expected from 2602 pregnancies, representing 65.13% met need. The met need was highest (88%) for Nyong Payam, an urban area, compared with the other two rural payams, and 98.8% of the complications were treated from the hospital, while no complications were treated from three PHCCs. The most common obstetric complications were abortions (45.7%), prolonged obstructed labour (23.2%) and haemorrhage (16.5%). Evacuation of the uterus for retained products (42.5%), caesarean sections (32.7%) and administration of oxytocin for treatment of postpartum haemorrhage (13.3%) were the most common interventions.ConclusionThe met need for EmOC in Torit County is low, with 35% of women with major obstetric complications not accessing care, and there is disparity with Nyong Payam having a higher met need. We suggest more support supervision to the PHCCs to increase access for the rural population.

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Guruprasad, C., Dayananda Sagar L., Vishwanatha ., and Chandrashekar H. "Comparative study of psychiatric patients receiving treatment in tertiary care hospital and in primary health care center." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 7 (June 22, 2020): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20202526.

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Background: Integrating mental health services into primary care is the most viable way of closing the treatment gap and ensuring that people get the mental health care they need. Government of Karnataka initiated the Manochaitanya programme to ensure that mental health services at all primary health care centers, community health centers and taluk hospitals on every Tuesday. Its required to know the patient satisfaction in this programme.Methods: This study was conducted over a period of two years, cross-sectionally seen 102 cases from 9 PHC’s that runs psychiatric clinics every Tuesday. This population was compared with 107 from Tertiary care center. All were assessed by the Psychiatrist using ICD-10 clinically after the informed consent. After 3 follow ups they were assessed with semi structured proforma, Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18) instruments.Results: The Patient satisfaction was found to be higher in PHCs 83.07±8.72 compared to tertiary subjects 75.27±9.51 (p<0.05). Severe mental illness was higher 48.96% in PHCs as compared to tertiary care center common mental illness 23.36%. Subjects from tertiary care centres report higher GAF score (65%) higher among tertiary care subjects than their PHC counterparts (35%).Conclusions: The patients receiving treatment in PHC’s reported more satisfaction than those who receive treatment in tertiary care center. Higher disability scores on IDEAS in PHC’s than tertiary Center due reporting of more cases of severe mental illness in PHC’s. Married patients have shown higher satisfaction as compared to single/ Divorced/ Separated patients. Alcohol Dependence Syndrome was found to be more in tertiary care hospital than in PHC’s.

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Al-Deen, Dr Noor Safaa, Dr Lamyaa Ali Hasan, and Dr Mushtaq Talib. "Intimate Partner Violence among Sample of Married Women Attending Primary Health Care Center in Al-Russafa Sector, 2018." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/11885.

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Background: Violence against women is a universal phenomenon that persists in all countries of the world. It’s not limited to cultural, geographic, religious, social, economic or national boundaries. therfore aimed of study was Explore the prevalence of IPV against married women attending the primary health care centers (PHCs) of Al Ressafa Sector. Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytic component was carried out on total of 200 women attending in the PHCCs in Al Ressafa Sector during period March- June 2018. A modified version of WHO domestic violence questionnaire was used for the direct interview in this study. All married women attended the PHCCs and meeting the eligibility criteria were informed about the purpose of the study. Results: Out of the total sample (200) the results demonstrated that the overall prevalence of violence was (80%); the emotional violence is the most frequent type of domestic violence followed by controlling behavior type (43.5%), physical violence (36.5%), economic violence (30%), and sexual violence (18%). Conclusions: The majority of women were victims of IPV, and most common type was the emotional violence, followed by controlling behavior. The high rate of IPV need for enacting & enforcing a national law to combat domestic violence & screening primary health setting to identify victims of IPV in order to prevent these abuses & associated unnecessary physical & mental disability.

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Barradah, Rasheed Khalid. "Atopic Dermatitis - Knowledge and Attitude of Primary Health Care Providers, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 33 (August 16, 2021): 2773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/566.

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BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is common in Saudi Arabia. Level of primary health care providers’ (PHCPs) knowledge about the disease is inadequate. We wanted to determine the knowledge and attitude of primary health care providers (PHCPs) in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, toward atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, from August to October 2020. The data was collected from eight primary healthcare centres in the city by a pre-tested questionnaire. The data was analysed using SPSS 26.0. Pearsonchi-square / Fisher Exact test were applied to observe associations between qualitative variables. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The data was collected from 23 PHCPs. The qualification obtained by most of the PHCPs (78.3 %) was Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), 17.4 % were diploma holders and only one had master’s degree. The average AD score out of 8 items was 5.95 + 1.18. The minimum and maximum scores were 3 and 8. Converting the scores to percentages, the participants who had good knowledge about AD were 17 (73.91 %). Five (21.74 %) had average knowledge and only one (4.35 %) had poor knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The level of atopic dermatitis knowledge of PHCPs in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, was found to be adequate, whereas the attitude was observed to be negative. Focus-group discussions, tailored sessions, or continuous medical education programs can be conducted to discuss the management guidelines on this condition with the PHCPs. KEY WORDS Atopic Dermatitis, Primary Healthcare Centres, Knowledge, Attitude, Saudi Arabia

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Alkhazrajy, Lujain Anwar. "Quality of Primary Care Center Referral Letters and Feedback Reports among Sample of PHCCs in Baghdad /Al-Rusafa Health Directorate During2015." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 13, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v13i1.114.

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Background:The referral system constitutes a key element of health system. Effective referral system between different levels of health care delivery represents a cornerstone in addressing patients’ health needs. Objectives:To assess the referral system Baghdad/ Al-Rusafa Health Directorate by evaluation the referral pattern and identify the quality of the referral letters and feedback reports. Type of the study: This cross-sectional study . Methodology : It was conducted in5PHCC in from 1st July 2015 - 31st December 2015 at Bagdad/Al-Rusafa health directorate. The study population (sampled population) included all referrals in six months. Data were entered and analyzed by using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 17 for windows . Results: The referral rate was 2.85% .The variables of the referral letter (such as age, gender of the referred patient)were present, while the indication for referral(3.3%), result of investigation done in PHCC (4.67%), initial diagnosis (5.86%), however, the name of physician and signature were not mentioned or specified in 70% of the referral letters. The rate of feedback reports received by PHCCs was 19% of total number of referrals to the hospitals. The referral rate was (2.8%) from total number of patients seen in PHCCs.However, the quality of referral letters and feedback reports was poor in 69.5% and 78.5% respectively. Conclusion: In this study there was a low referral percentage and low feedback report in five PHCCs of Baghdad/ Al-Rusafa health directorate compared to international literature.The quality of referral letters and feedback reports is poor and contained inadequate information and lacking important and relevant items in majority of referral needs to be improved Key words: Referral ,Feedback report , primary health care centers(PHCCs) Background:The referral system constitutes a key element of health system. Effective referral system between different levels of health care delivery represents a cornerstone in addressing patients’ health needs. Objectives:To assess the referral system Baghdad/ Al-Rusafa Health Directorate by evaluation the referral pattern and identify the quality of the referral letters and feedback reports. Type of the study: This cross-sectional study . Methodology : It was conducted in5PHCC in from 1st July 2015 - 31st December 2015 at Bagdad/Al-Rusafa health directorate. The study population (sampled population) included all referrals in six months. Data were entered and analyzed by using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 17 for windows . Results: The referral rate was 2.85% .The variables of the referral letter (such as age, gender of the referred patient)were present, while the indication for referral(3.3%), result of investigation done in PHCC (4.67%), initial diagnosis (5.86%), however, the name of physician and signature were not mentioned or specified in 70% of the referral letters. The rate of feedback reports received by PHCCs was 19% of total number of referrals to the hospitals. The referral rate was (2.8%) from total number of patients seen in PHCCs.However, the quality of referral letters and feedback reports was poor in 69.5% and 78.5% respectively. Conclusion: In this study there was a low referral percentage and low feedback report in five PHCCs of Baghdad/ Al-Rusafa health directorate compared to international literature.The quality of referral letters and feedback reports is poor and contained inadequate information and lacking important and relevant items in majority of referral needs to be improved

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Chaudhary, Ramanand, and BK Karn. "Maternal and neonatal health skills of nurses working in primary health care centre of Eastern Nepal." Health Renaissance 13, no. 1 (August 6, 2017): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v13i1.17945.

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Background: Nepal has one of the world’s highest maternal and neonatal mortality. In Nepal, 73% of delivery is take place at home without trained attendant. Delivery by trained persons is 27% which reflects the need for attention of women's health in particular reproductive health.Objective: To assess knowledge and performance skills of nurses regarding maternal and neonatal health.Methods: Descriptive analytical study was carried out on nurses working in selected primary health care center of eastern region of Nepal. Random sampling technique was used to select 10 PHC and purposive sampling technique was used to select nurses in different primary health care center. Nurses were interviewed using pre-designed questionnaire and performance skill check list. Collected data were entered in SPSS 10.5 software package and analyzed.Results: The study showed that knowledge of auxillary nurse midwife/staff nurse was satisfactory in antenatal, intra-natal and post natal care of mother while they were relatively poor in newborn resuscitation. ANM/staff nurses showed very poor skills i.e. only 16.7%, 36.7% and 7% were competent in providing antenatal, intra-natal and post natal care respectively. Unfortunately none were found to be competent in newborn resuscitation.Conclusion: Birth handling competence levels are generally low in ANM/Staff nurses working in PHCCs Health Renaissance 2015;13 (1): 30-39

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Alqahtani, M. M., H. M. Al Shaiban, S. H. Alqahtani, A. M. Alamri, and m. A. M. Al. "Primary health care centers Physicians’ satisfaction toward COVID-19 management in Asser Region, Saudi Arabia." CARDIOMETRY, no. 23 (August 20, 2022): 807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.23.807815.

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Background. The presence of extensive workload and pressure associated with COVID19 has resulted in a lot of mental and physical trauma in primary health care physicians (PHCC) across the world. Aim of the study. The present study is aimed at understanding the level of dissatisfaction in PHCC physicians in the Asser region of Saudi Arabia. The various risk factors associated with dissatisfaction also have been analyzed in this study. Method. An analytical cross-sectional study was performed on various PHCCs who were working in the Ministry of Health in the Asser region. Results. The overall analysis showed that around 73% of the physicians who responded showed dissatisfaction. The major factors that were found to affect satisfaction based on the variables analyzed include physicians who are males, Saudi Nationals, training residents, and those who received recognition. These four variables had a p value of less than 0.0001 making it statistically significant. Conclusion. The study observed that there is dissatisfaction amongst PHCC physicians towards the management of pandemics. The factors identified should help officials in order to address these issues

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Aakef, Ihab Raqeeb, Layth Ghazi Alsalihi, Saeb Jasim Al-Shuwaili, and Wafaa Mohammed Zaki Hadi. "Clients' Satisfaction with Immunization Services at Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad, Al-Karkh." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.229.

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Background: Client satisfaction with the immunization service is used to evaluate the quality of the admitted service and at the same time it affects the goodness of the health care outcome. Objectives: This study assessed the satisfaction with immunization services offered to children and factors affecting this satisfaction. Methods: Exit interviews for clients were conducted in Baghdad, Al-Karkh in a representative sample of primary health care centers to assess clients’ satisfaction with immunization services. Clients are companions of children encountered at study settings. Results: Among the 253 respondent clients, 183 (72.3%) reflected satisfaction with the immunization services administered to their children at primary health care centers and 70 (27.7%) were dissatisfied. This satisfaction was significantly associated with younger age of clients (P < 0.05), clients who are mothers of the accompanied children (P < 0.05), and waiting no more than 30 minutes at the health facility to obtain immunization (P < 0.05). The major cause of dissatisfaction was the long waiting time before receiving the service. Conclusion: Although the majority of clients are satisfied with immunization services; it is important to shorten the time consumed for vaccinating children at PHCCs in a way that gains more satisfied clients.

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Puteh, Prof Dr Sharifa Ezat Wan, Assoc Prof Dr Azimatun Noor Aizuddin, and Abdulaziz Abdullah Al Salem. "Evaluation of Patient’s Satisfaction Level with the Provided Healthcare in Primary Healthcare Centers in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 6, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i11/1249.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate patient’s satisfaction at primary health centers PHCCs in (Khobar, Jeddah, Riyadh, Jubail, Dhahran, Hail, Majmah, Abha, Baha, and Makkah) located in Saudi Arabia. The review finding shows that the highest overall satisfaction in Baha city (84.16%) followed by Majmah city with (81.7%), and the lowest overall satisfaction was the score (2.44) out of a maximum of 5 for Jubail city and Jeddah (2.45). Dhahran, Hail, Abha, Makkah, Riyadh, and Khobar were scored different scores; (3.66), (3.60), (57.7%), (70.1%), (64.2%) and (3.76). Nursing staff play a vital role in the satisfaction of patients in primary healthcare centers, including education, care and counselling, which is why all nursing staff should be skilled in clinical skills, level of education and interpersonal skills The highest domain of satisfaction was for nursing performance, and their treatment were found to be high (90.1%), but the lowest score was for the explanation of the medical conditions by the nurses, which could be due to language barrier. Medical care, laboratory services, and pharmacological services are other factors that may impact patient satisfaction with primary health centers. There are significant differences between Abha city (57.7%) and Baha city (84.16%) in south province in their overall satisfaction with Patient’s Satisfaction in primary healthcare centers PHCCs. And between Riyadh city (64.2%) and Majmah city (82.0%) in the middle province. In the eastern province, overall satisfaction for three cities Khobar city (3.76), Jubail city (2.44), and Dhahran city (3.66). The western province, overall satisfaction for two cities, Makkah city (70.1%), and Jeddah city (2.45). One city for north province Hail city (3.60). For comparison, the highest overall satisfaction in this study was Baha city (84.16%) located in south province, and the lowest one was Jubail city with score (2.44) out of 5.

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Al-Shatari, Sahar Abdul Hassan, Lamyaa Ali Hasan, Ziyad Tarik Maki Shwaish, Ali A. K. Abutiheen, Taghlub Hemmed Ryhan, Mohammed Hassan Younise, Bashar Raouf Kareem Kamoona, Salam Al-Mosawey, Mohammad Esmael Khaleel, and Omar N. Al-Ashaq. "Practice and Opinion of Doctors in Primary Health Care Centers Toward Referral System: Samples from Nine Governorates in Iraq." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 17, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v17i2.296.

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Background: Most primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in Iraq have a referral system records; however, this mechanism does not function well because of the lack of other requirements for an efficient referral system. Objective: To assess the practice & opinion of doctors in PHCs toward the referral system, and to determine the doctors in PHC's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine health directorates in Iraq, from the 1st October 2018 – 30th June 2019.One PHC was selected randomly form each sector in every governorate, A questionnaire was used to collect the required information. SPSS version 24 analysis was used for the statistical analysis. Results: sixty-three doctors were working in PHCs had participated in the current study, the mean age (40.03 ±10.24), 58.7%were female, 46% were general practitioner, 30.2% of the participated doctors had 300 and less patient/month; 31.7% of doctors had ≤10 Patients referred/month, emergencies was the main cause for referral (46.03%), and 37(58.37%) of doctors announced that the referred-form not retrained to the PHC, and ever retrained-forms had no feedback 29(46%), 28(44%)of the participated doctors agreed that the current referral-system was effective and seven of them strongly agreed, 59(93.7%) believe in the importance of hospital-feedback, with a significant relationship between their attitude about the effective-current-referral system & Refer cases Percentage, while no significant-relation with their Patients examined/month. Loaded crowded and hospital doctors shortage as possible causes and suggest to referral-system activation especially the hospital -part". Conclusions: there was inadequate knowledge of referral-policies and lack of coordination or/and clear feedback-expectations and PHCs-hospitals collaboration and lack of referral-system integrated within an electronic-health-record.

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Dawoud, Sundus O., Alaeddin Mohammad K. Ahmad, Omar Z. Alsharqi, and Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi. "Utilization of the Emergency Department and Predicting Factors Associated With Its Use at the Saudi Ministry of Health General Hospitals." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 1 (May 17, 2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n1p90.

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Overuse of emergency rooms (ER) is a public health problem. To investigate this issue, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at the ERs of King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, King Fahd Hospital, and Al-Thaghor Hospital in November 2013 with the aims of estimating emergency service utilization for non-urgent cases, identifying the predictors of ER utilization for non-urgent cases, and measuring patients’ knowledge of primary healthcare centers (PHCCs). Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. We recruited 300 patients; males comprised 50.7% of the sample. A higher proportion of patients with non-urgent cases visited the ER three to four times a year (P=0.001). A higher proportion of patients without emergencies had not attempted to visit an outpatient clinic before the ER (P=0.003). Most patients without emergencies thought the ER was the first place to consult in case of illness. Most patients who visited the ER were single, < 15 years, and had lower incomes. Patients requested ER services for primary care-treatable conditions because of limited services and resources as well as limited working hours at PHCCs. Most patients (90.0%) were knowledgeable about PHCCs, with those of lower education being more knowledgeable. Patients reported long ER waiting times (≥ 3 hours), no organization (85.9%), and lack of medical staff. Overall, overuse of ER services is high at the Ministry of Health hospitals in Jeddah. The risk factors for ER overuse are age < 15 years, singlehood, and low incomes. Policy makers and health providers have a challenging task to control ER overuse. We recommend developing strategies to implement policies aimed at reducing non-urgent ER use as well as making healthcare services more available to the population.

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Darwish, Magdy A., Ghadeer Al-Saif, Suha Albahrani, and Amr A. Sabra. "Lifestyle and Dietary Behaviors among Saudi Preschool Children Attending Primary Health Care Centers, Eastern Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Family Medicine 2014 (July 10, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/432732.

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Objective. To study life styles and dietary behaviors among Saudi preschool children (1–5 years) attending primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Dammam and Qatif areas, eastern province, Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods. Cross-sectional study. Data were collected using structured, interviewer-filled questionnaire. Children and their mothers were encountered during their well-baby clinic visits. A total number of 300 preschool children and their mothers were interviewed during study period. Results. Unsatisfactory areas include smoking fathers (32%), smoking in front of children (11.3%), overweight and obesity among mothers (60.3%), noncompliance using seat belts for both parents (56.3%) and children (68%), children watching television (T.V) more than 2 hours (50%), adherence to exclusive breast feeding (only 20.7%), and late solid food introduction (65.3%). Frequent intake of unhealthy food items was 26%, 25%, and 24% for pizza, burger, and soft drinks. Unfortunately frequent intake of the following unhealthy food items was high: biscuits, deserts/chocolates, and chips which was 78%, 67%, and 72%, respectively. Conclusion. This study provides benchmark about the current situation. It provides health care workers and decision makers with important information that may help to improve health services.

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Alzahrani, Abdullah M., Leena S. Emam, Maryam S. Alsharif, Alqassem Y. Hakami, and Syed Sameer Aga. "Clinical Identification of Hypovitaminosis D among Elderly Attending Primary Care Centre in Saudi Arabia." Biochemistry Research International 2022 (October 12, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6341645.

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Background. A large proportion of elderly people suffer from hypovitaminosis D, and depending on the severity of the condition, they develop complications that are detrimental to their health. Objective. To determine the consistency between the results of the vitamin D level in the blood compared to the result with the score of a simple questionnaire (Physician Vitamin D Status Predictor - VDSP) for elderly patients. Subjects and methods. This is a cross-sectional study conducted during the period between October 2018 and November 2019 in 3 primary health care centres (PHCCs) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The subjects for this study were patients aged 60 or older. Data were collected in two phases: a questionnaire approach as the first phase, while the second phase involved blood testing for vitamin D levels. The validated questionnaire used in this study was the Physician`s Vitamin D Status Predictor (VDSP). Results. The study included 335 participants who ranged between 60 and 107 years old with a mean age of 68.2 years and standard deviation (SD) of 7.3 years. Females represented 66.9% of the total participants. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 60.8%; among them, 7.2% were categorized as severe deficiency, whereas the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 29.9%. The outcomes of VDSP survey were not directly associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in elderly people, except for the number of medications. In addition, vitamin D supplementation was associated with serum 25(OH)D levels among those patients. Conclusion. Vitamin D supplementation was significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D levels. Moreover, this study showed a significant association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the number of medications taken by the participants.

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Khurshid, Rizwan, Malik Fahim Bashir, and Yasir Bin Tariq. "An Analysis of Service Provision Standards in Primary Health Care Facilities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (December 5, 2021): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2021.0903.0137.

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This study explores the on-ground facilities available at primary healthcare facilities (PHCFs) against the service quality standards set by the provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Primary data through a structured questionnaire was collected from 109 PHCFs. Two hundred seven responses from patients, 109 responses from PHCFs doctors and medical staff, and 109 researcher’s observations were recorded. Most service provision standards were met in rural health centres (RHCs) and basic health units (BHUs). However, the situation at civil dispensaries (CDs) was very alarming. Patients preferred RHCs on BHUs and CDs because of relatively better quality services provided in RHCs. However, in general, patients prefer to go to secondary or tertiary health care facilities due to the number of reasons identified by this study. Among the areas which demand quality improvement include cultural constraints, lack of following standard operating procedures (SOPs) for referral, no transport facility to referred patients, higher waiting time for patients, and no or fewer health education sessions, and unavailability of cold chain and waste disposal system. By addressing problem areas identified by this study, the KP government can reduce the patient burden on secondary and tertiary health facilities. As a result, service quality at PHCFs will improve access to primary health care, a world health organization’s millennium development goal, and the united nations’ sustainable development goal.

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Al Humayed, Suliman, Ahmed Mahfouz, Nabil Awadalla, and Abdullah Alsabaani. "Hepatitis C Virus Infection at Primary Healthcare Level in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia: Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus an Associated Factor?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 2513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112513.

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Background: There is an increasing concern about the relation between hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aims to determine the prevalence of HCV infection among T2DM patients and non-diabetic patients attending primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Abha city, southwestern Saudi Arabia, and to explore the possible association between T2DM and HCV infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study targeting a random sample of T2DM and non-diabetic patients attending PHCCs in Abha City was conducted. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and screened for HCV infection using fourth-generation ELISA kits. All positive cases were confirmed by qualitative RT-PCR immune assay. Results: The study revealed an overall seroprevalence of HCV infection of 5% (95% CI: 2.9–7.9%). Among T2DM and non-diabetics, a seroprevalence of 8.0% and 2.0% was found, respectively. Using multivariable regression analysis, the only significant associated factor for HCV infection was T2DM (aOR = 4.185, 95% CI: 1.074–16.305). Conclusions: There is strong positive association between T2DM and HCV infection. Yet, the direction of relationship is difficult to establish. Patients with T2DM have higher prevalence of HCV infection than non-diabetic group. It is highly recommended for primary health care providers to screen for HCV infection among T2DM patients and to increase the level of HCV awareness among them.

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Derweesh, Ameen Jihad, Alwaily Prof. Dr. Fatima Wanas, Khudair Prof. Dr. Zainab, and Ali Hussein Parasites. "Knowledge of Antibiotic Misuse among Patients with Oral Infections in Dental Units of Al-Najaf Primary Health Care Centers(PHCCs)." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.08.2020.p10487.

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Alhalafi, Abdullah, Maysoon Al-Amoud, Reema Aldahman, Eman Abd-Ellatif, and Doaa Omar. "The Prevalence of Functional Disability and Associated Factors among Older People Attending Primary Health-care Centers in Riyadh City." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, B (September 3, 2021): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6632.

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BACKGROUND: The burden of disability among the older population is increasing as older people grow with significant social and economic negative impacts. AIM: This study examines functional disability and its associated risk factors among older Saudi citizens attending primary health-care centers (PHCCs) in Riyadh city. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 504 older Saudi citizens aged ≥60 years who attended a PHCC in Riyadh city between December 2019 and May 2020. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assessing the disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) using the Katz Index and Lawton scale. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADL and IADL disability among participants was 24.6% and 58.5%, respectively. Smoking (p = 0.019), dyslipidemia (p = 0.018), rheumatoid arthritis (p = 0.028), history of falls (p = 0.014), and an emergency visit (p = 0.049) were risk factors associated with ADL disability. Predictors of IADL disability were advanced age (p = 0.004), being female (p = 0.029), and the need for a caregiver (p = 0.000). The need for homecare was positively associated with ADL dependency (p = 0.008) and IADL dependency (p = 0.003). Furthermore, regular physical activity was a protective factor against ADL functional disabilities (p = 0.002) and IADL functional disabilities (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: This study found a high prevalence of ADL and IADL disability among elderly Saudis. Disability was associated with several sociodemographic and health status factors. The findings of this study highlight the priority of effective and targeted preventive interventions for disability.

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Aloufi, Majed A., and Marwan A. Bakarman. "Barriers Facing Primary Health Care Physicians When Dealing with Emergency Cases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 8 (December 18, 2015): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n8p192.

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OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of emergency cases reporting to Primary Health Care centers (PHC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to explore the barriers facing PHC physicians when dealing with such emergency cases.METHODS: A cross-sectional analytic study, where all physicians working in the PHC of the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Jeddah; were invited to participate (n=247). The study period was from July 2013 till December 2013. Data were collected through two sources. 1- A self-administered questionnaire used to determine the physicians’ perceived competence when dealing with emergency cases. 2- A structured observation sheet used to evaluate availability of equipment, drugs, ambulances and other supporting facilities required to deal with emergency cases.RESULTS: The response rate was 83.4%. The physicians’ age ranged between 25 and 60 years with a mean ±SD of 34.4±7.5 years. Majority of them (83.5%) did not attend ATLS courses at all whereas 60.7% never attended ACLS courses. The majority (97.1%) had however attended BLS courses. Physicians in the age group 36-45 years, non-Saudi, those who had SBFM, those who reported experience in working in emergency departments and physicians who reported more working years in PHCCs (>5 years) had a significant higher score of perceived level of competence in performing emergency skill scale than others (P<0.05). The prevalence of emergency cases attending PHC in Jeddah (2013) was 5.2%.CONCLUSION: Emergency services at PHC in Jeddah are functioning reasonably well, but require fine tuning of services and an upgrade in their quality.

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Zaadoud, B., Y. Chbab, and A. Chaouch. "The Performance Measurement Frameworks in Healthcare: Scopus Study." Journal of Health Management 23, no. 2 (June 2021): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09720634211011694.

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Object: The purpose of this article is to analyse and compare the frameworks of performance measurement in primary health care in the world. The objective is to determine whether the frameworks of performance measurement in primary health care have an influence on the performance of health centres. Method: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to: (a) identify a conceptual framework for measuring quality management systems; and (b) assess the effects of the conceptual framework on quality improvement and quality of care outcomes. We chose frameworks highly cited in the literature and analysed and compared these frameworks. Results: Eight dimensions were identified for assessing performance in primary health care facilities (PHCFs) in more than 50% frameworks: effectiveness, safety, accessibility, equity, efficiency, acceptability, patient-centredness and timeliness. Conclusion: Even if the links are not established within the framework of a scientific research, quality approaches are generally recognised as an essential tool to help establishments improve their quality of care and the safety of their patients. Until now, the evaluation of the quality of care in the 'PHCF' is not yet in place, a blatant need for performance measurement tools, relevant information, coherence between the operational and strategic levels, integration of organizational objectives in the measurement of performance in order to direct the structures towards a true management by quality.

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Mudde, Manjunath, Vasumathi Subbiah, and Jahnavi Rajagopal. "Burden of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers in primary health centers of Mandya district, Karnataka." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3621. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193498.

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Background: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are wounds caused by sharps such as hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, intravenous cannulas or needles. The health care workers (HCW’s) are at an increased risk of accidental needle stick and sharps injuries, because of the environment in which they work. About 30 diseases like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV can be transmitted by NSI. The incidence of NSI is considerably higher than current estimates, due to gross under-reporting. The objectives of present study was to determine the burden of NSIs among various categories of health care workers (HCWs) at primary health centres (PHC’s) of Mandya district, to determine the factors influencing NSIs and to assess awareness regarding NSIs among various categories of HCWs.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at PHC’s of Mandya district for a period of 6 months. Interview method was used to collect information regarding socio demographic details, occurrence of NSI, factors influencing NSI and awareness regarding NSI by using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire on HCWs.Results: Of the 621 HCWs working during the study period, 366 participated in the study. 93 (25.41%) of the HCWs had at least one episode of NSI in the past 1 year. The common category of HCWs who experienced NSI was the medical officers 39 (41.94%). Majority 48 (51.61%) of NSI’s occurred while vaccine/drug administration followed by withdrawing of drug from the bottle 23 (24.73%). The medical officers and staff nurses had better knowledge regarding the diseases spread through NSI.Conclusions: Among the HCW’s, doctors and nurses are more prone for NSI. Vaccine/drug administration and withdrawing of drug from the bottle are circumstances where NSIs commonly occur hence education regarding safe injection practices are necessary.

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M, Matiang’i, Ngunju P, Koen J, Kiilu C, Romy H, Aranka H, Hangelbroek M, Opanga Y, and Ndoria S. "Viability of Point of Care Ultrasound screening in Primary Health Care Setting: A Kenyan Experience." International Journal of Current Aspects 6, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v6i3.273.

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The limited number of sonographers in developing countries and high cost of conventional obstetric ultrasound screening services has led to only 6.9 percent of pregnant women accessing the service in rural areas. It is a World Health Organization (WHO) requirement to have pregnant women access obstetric ultrasound screening before 24 weeks gestation. This led to Amref International University piloting a business model that can make point of care obstetric ultrasound screening (POCUS) affordable and sustainable. One-year post intervention, an evaluation survey got conducted in the project sites in two pilot counties in Kenya (Kajiado and Kisii counties) to establish the viability of the entrepreneurship driven implementation of POCUS. Two stage cluster sampling was employed with mixed methods of data collection. A sample of 33 Midwives and 196 women of reproductive age from the pilot sites participated in the evaluation. The survey findings were that midst the COVID-19 pandemic, a total of 1250 pregnant women were screened in one year at a fee of USD 5 per scan. Among those interviewed, 168 (85.7%) of the women confirmed the service was affordable and easily accessible. It emerged that 85 (43.4%) of the respondents were screened by midwives in local health centres. Notably,180 (91%) of the women interviewed recommended scaling up of the service and 32 (96%) of the midwives reported that the continuous coaching from radiographers enhanced skills acquisition. Despite the marginal negative net present value of cash flows, the impact generated by the project was of high significance. The conclusion drawn was that the business model is viable from implementation perspective since it demonstrated the potential to reach a Break-Even Point (BEP) at a modest of 1833 ultrasound scans per year. The project has potential for further buy-in by Primary health care professionals having accorded them a gross margin of 60% with a probable increase to 80% in subsequent years. Further, Obstetric Ultrasound screening services can be provided sustainably at low cost by trained Primary Health Care Workers (PHCWs). Financial viability of the POCUS is subject to increasing pregnant women’s access to POCUS.

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Policastro, Francesca, Alessandra Rossi, Hushyar Musa Sulaiman, and Nezar Ismet Taib. "Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Healthcare 11, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040598.

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Aim: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is widely used for detecting and screening depression in Iraq. However, no psychometric assessment has been performed on any Iraqi version. This study aims at studying the reliability and validity of the Iraqi Kurdish version of the PHQ-9 as tool for identifying depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used; data were collected from 872 participants (49.3% female and 51.7% male) at Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in the host community as well as from Internal Displaced Persons (IDPs) and refugee camps. Sociodemographic information was obtained; PHQ-9 for the diagnosis and screening of depression and Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 items (SRQ-20) for the screening of common mental illnesses were administered. Validity and reliability analyses were performed. Results: In total, 19% of the participants had a PHQ-9 total score equal to or higher than the clinical cut-off of 10 for diagnosing depressive disorder. The internal consistency of the PHQ-9 was good (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.89). Good concurrent validity for PHQ-9 compared with SRQ-20 (71%, p < 0.001) was found. Conclusions: The PHQ-9 demonstrates good psychometric properties and proves to be a good tool for detecting and screening depression.

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Alsayed Hassan, Diana, Fatema Helaluddin, Ozra Hajebi Chahestani, Omnia Mohamed, and Nazmul Islam. "Diabetes Self-Management and Health-Related Quality of Life among Primary Care Patients with Diabetes in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 10, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112124.

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Diabetes self-management (DSM) practices are an important determinant of health-related outcomes, including health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The purpose of this study is to explore DSM practices and their relationship with the HRQOL of patients with type 2 diabetes in primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Qatar. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from PHCC patients with diabetes via interview-administered questionnaires by utilizing two instruments: the DSM questionnaire (DSMQ) and the HRQOL Short Form (SF-12). Frequencies were calculated for categorical variables and medians were calculated for continuous variables that were not normally distributed. A statistical comparison between groups was conducted using chi-square for categorical data. Binary logistic regression was utilized to examine the relationship between the significant independent factors and the dependent variables. A total of 105 patients completed the questionnaire, 51.4% of whom were male. Approximately half of the participants (48.6%) reported poor overall DSM practices, and 50.5% reported poor physical health quality of life (PC) and mental health quality of life (MC). Female participants showed significantly higher odds of reporting poor DSM than male participants (OR, 4.77; 95% CI, 1.92–11.86; p = 0.001). Participants with a secondary education (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04–0.81; p = 0.025) and university education (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04–0.84; p = 0.029) showed significantly lower odds of reporting poor DSM than participants with no/primary education. Older participants showed higher odds of reporting poor PC than younger participants (OR 11.04, 95% CI, 1.47–82.76 and OR 8.32; 95% CI, 1.10–62.86, respectively). Females also had higher odds for poor PC than males (OR 7.08; 95% CI, 2.21–22.67), while participants with a secondary (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.62; p = 0.010) and university education (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02–0.57; p = 0.008) showed significantly lower odds of reporting poor MC. In conclusion, patients with diabetes reported poor overall DSM practices and poor HRQOL. Our findings suggest intensifying efforts to deliver culturally appropriate DSM education to patients and to empower patients to take charge of their health.

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N., Neeta P., Sameena A. R. B., Suresh C. M., Gangadhar Goud, Bharat ., Saraswati Sajjan, and Chetana . "Assessment of utilization of maternal health care services in rural field practice areas of VIMS, Ballari." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175777.

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Background: Maternal mortality and morbidity remains high even though national programs exist for improving maternal and child health in India. This could be related to several factors, an important one being non-utilization or delay in seeking care of maternal health-care services, especially amongst the rural poor and urban slum population due to either lack of awareness or access to health-care services. Our study was aimed to know the utilization of maternal health care services during antenatal and post natal period and factors affecting them.Methods: A Community based cross sectional study was carried in the rural field practice areas of VIMS, Ballari (three primary health centres (PHC) Kudithini, Koluru, Kurugodu) among all married women in the age group of 15-45 years who were in the post natal period (less than 2 months) at time of interview. A total 152 women were included in the study by door to door survey, among all the 3 PHC’s. The women absent during the survey were excluded.Results: Only 101 (66.44%) of women utilized antenatal care and 18 (11.8%) utilized post natal care (at least three postnatal visits) from the health care facility. Mothers who were of Muslim religion, <20 years of age, higher education of participant as well as husband, higher occupation status, high SES, less parity had higher odds of utilizing antenatal care. Health education by the health worker regarding post natal services to women ranged from 62.5-90.8%. Mothers of Muslim religion, higher education, higher occupation status, normal vaginal delivery and home delivery had higher odds of utilizing postnatal servicesConclusions: The study shows unacceptably low utilization of postnatal care services. It shows the coverage of postnatal care services is inadequate. This is an important message to health service providers and policy makers to strengthening not only antenatal health services and institutional deliveries but also postnatal care services to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

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Mousa, Nada Abdul Wahhab, Muna A, Khaleefah, and Husham J. Al-Badri. "Hypertension Control among Adult Iraqis." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 64, no. 3 (October 17, 2022): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431935.

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Background: Hypertension is a chronic illness that affects one billion people both in high and low-income countries and is the most common risk factor for death throughout the world. It is also responsible for stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart, and kidney failure in addition to its huge effect on the economy. Like many developing countries, Iraq is undergoing a transitional epidemiological period with increasing burden of hypertension and its contributing risk factors e.g. unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, hyperglycemias, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking. In spite of the availability of a screening program for the early detection of hypertension in primary health care centres (PHCCs) little data on hypertension control is available. Objectives: Assessing blood pressure control rate among Iraqi adults 18 years and older, and identifying the related determinants. Patients and Methods: The study is derived from the second round of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors STEPS survey Iraq 2016. A cross-sectional survey was performed on households from all Iraqi governorates excluding three governorates suffering instability. A Multi-stage cluster sampling technique for a sample of 4120 Iraqi adults was used. Interviews were held from the first week of November for 20 days using Arabic and Kurdish translated versions of STEPS questionnaire. A total of 4071 residents participated. Results: the prevalence of hypertension/ high blood pressure was 35.6%. Only 7.9% were under medication and controlled with an evident sex-based difference in favour of women (9.3% vs. 6.6% respectively). Uncontrolled blood pressure increased with age (t=7.4 p=<0.001), and declined with years of education (t= -3.3 p=0.01). It was significant among subjects with hyper-triglycerides (X²= 4.07 p= 0.044), consumption of salty processed food (X²= 7.35 p= 0.007). Blood pressure was not controlled among those reported being currently on medication (X²= 22.4 p= < 0.001). Conclusions: Blood pressure control rate is low among Iraqi adults on medical and lifestyle management. Further assessment and strengthening of clinical practice on hypertension management is recommended.

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Cavero, Victoria, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Mauricio Toyama, Gustavo Flórez Salcedo, Alessandra Ipince, Ricardo Araya, and J. Jaime Miranda. "Provision of mental health care within primary care in Peru: A qualitative study exploring the perspectives of psychologists, primary health care providers, and patients." Wellcome Open Research 3 (February 12, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13746.1.

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Background: This study aimed to understand the offer of mental health care at the primary care level, collecting the views of psychologists, primary health care providers (PHCPs), and patients, with a focus on health services in which patients attend regularly and who present a higher prevalence of mental disorders. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in antenatal care, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and chronic diseases services from six primary health care centers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with psychologists, PHCPs, and patients working in or attending the selected facilities. Results: A total of 4 psychologists, 22 PHCPs, and 37 patients were interviewed. A high perceived need for mental health care was noted. PHCPs acknowledged the emotional impact physical health conditions have on their patients and mentioned that referral to psychologists was reserved only for serious problems. Their approach to emotional problems was providing emotional support (includes listening, talk about their patients’ feelings, provide advice). PHCPs identified system-level barriers about the specialized mental health care, including a shortage of psychologists and an overwhelming demand, which results in brief consultations and lack in continuity of care. Psychologists focus their work on individual consultations; however, consultations were brief, did not follow a standardized model of care, and most patients attend only once. Psychologists also mentioned the lack of collaborative work among other healthcare providers. Despite these limitations, interviewed patients declared that they were willing to seek specialized care if advised and considered the psychologist's care provided as helpful; however, they recognized the stigmatization related to seeking mental health care. Conclusions: There is a perceived need of mental health care for primary care patients. To attend these needs, PHCPs provide emotional support and refer to psychology the most severe cases, while psychologists provide one-to-one consultations. Significant limitations in the care provided are discussed.

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Cavero, Victoria, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Mauricio Toyama, Gustavo Flórez Salcedo, Alessandra Ipince, Ricardo Araya, and J. Jaime Miranda. "Provision of mental health care within primary care in Peru: A qualitative study exploring the perspectives of psychologists, primary health care providers, and patients." Wellcome Open Research 3 (April 30, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13746.2.

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Background: This study aimed to understand the offer of mental health care at the primary care level, collecting the views of psychologists, primary health care providers (PHCPs), and patients, with a focus on health services in which patients attend regularly and who present a higher prevalence of mental disorders. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in antenatal care, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and chronic diseases services from six primary health care centers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with psychologists, PHCPs, and patients working in or attending the selected facilities. Results: A total of 4 psychologists, 22 PHCPs, and 37 patients were interviewed. A high perceived need for mental health care was noted. PHCPs acknowledged the emotional impact physical health conditions have on their patients and mentioned that referral to psychologists was reserved only for serious problems. Their approach to emotional problems was providing emotional support (includes listening, talk about their patients’ feelings, provide advice). PHCPs identified system-level barriers about the specialized mental health care, including a shortage of psychologists and an overwhelming demand, which results in brief consultations and lack in continuity of care. Psychologists focus their work on individual consultations; however, consultations were brief, did not follow a standardized model of care, and most patients attend only once. Psychologists also mentioned the lack of collaborative work among other healthcare providers. Despite these limitations, interviewed patients declared that they were willing to seek specialized care if advised and considered the psychologist's care provided as helpful; however, they recognized the stigmatization related to seeking mental health care. Conclusions: There is a perceived need of mental health care for primary care patients. To attend these needs, PHCPs provide emotional support and refer to psychology the most severe cases, while psychologists provide one-to-one consultations. Significant limitations in the care provided are discussed.

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Almalki, Adel. "Missed appointments at maternal healthcare clinics in primary healthcare centres in Riyadh city: reasons and associated factors." Journal of Hospital Administration 3, no. 4 (March 24, 2014): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v3n4p92.

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Background: The issue of missed appointments at maternal healthcare clinics in primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) has received increasing attention in recent years. The significant relationship between missed appointments and access to maternal healthcare has been recognized around the world. Missed appointments have serious health and economic consequences for women seeking maternal healthcare at PHCCs. Objectives: The objectives of this research were 1) to critically explore the reasons for and socio-demographic factors associated with missed appointments at maternal healthcare clinics at PHCCs; and 2) to provide recommendations for health policy that might help to eliminate the problem of “no-show” maternal patients. Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses of 250 women regarding demographics, as well as their reasons for missing appointments and their preferences regarding appointment confirmation at maternal healthcare clinics at five PHCCs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: The most frequent reasons associated with missed appointments reported by women included a lack of supplies and medical equipment, such as ultrasound machines, the unavailability of transportation and a lack of respect from PHCC staff. Conclusion: Developing easily accessible, flexible, interactive appointment systems with reminder/recall, providing means of transportation, providing training courses to PHCC employees on how to address these women and the provision of necessary medical equipment and facilities, such as ultrasound machines to all PHCCs are highly recommended to reduce the occurrence of missed appointments at maternal healthcare clinics at PHCCs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Fenta, Esete Habtemariam, Bilal Shikur Endris, Yalemwork Getenet Mengistu, Fekadu Elias Sadamo, Endashaw Hailu Gelan, Tsegaye Gebrezgher Beyene, and Seifu Hagos Gebreyesus. "Landscape analysis of nutrition services at Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs) in four districts of Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243240.

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Background Good nutrition and healthy growth during the first 1000days have lasting benefit throughout life. For this, equally important is the structural readiness of health facilities. However, structural readiness and nutrition services provision during the first 1000 days in Ethiopia is not well understood. The present study was part of a broader implementation research aimed at developing model nutrition districts by implementing evidence based, high impact and cost-effective package of nutrition interventions through the continuum of care. This study was aimed at assessing structural readiness of health facilities and the extent of nutrition service provision in the implementation districts. Methods This assessment was conducted in four districts of Ethiopia. We used mixed method; a quantitative study followed by qualitative exploration. The quantitative part of the study addressed two-dimensions, structural readiness and process of nutrition service delivery. The first dimension assessed attributes of context in which care is delivered by observing availability of essential logistics. The second dimension assessed the service provision through direct observation of care at different units of health facilities. For these dimensions, we conducted a total of 380 observations in 23 health centers and 33 health posts. The observations were conducted at the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses unit, immunization unit, Antenatal care unit and Postnatal care unit. The qualitative part included a total of 60 key informant interviews with key stakeholders and service providers. Result We assessed structural readiness of 56 health facilities. Both quantitative and qualitative findings revealed poor structural readiness and gap in nutrition services provision. Health facilities lack essential logistics which was found to be more prominent at health posts compared to health centers. The process evaluation showed a critical missed opportunity for anthropometric assessment and preventive nutrition counselling at different contact points. This was particularly prominent at immunization unit (where only 16.4% of children had their weight measured and only 16.2% of mothers with children under six month of age were counselled about exclusive breastfeeding). Although 90.4% of pregnant women who came for antenatal care were prescribed iron and folic acid supplementation, only 57.7% were counselled about the benefit and 42.4% were counselled about the side effect. The qualitative findings showed major service provision bottlenecks including non-functionality of the existing district nutrition coordination body and technical committees, training gaps, staff shortage, high staff turnover resulting in work related burden, fatigue and poor motivation among service providers. Conclusion We found a considerable poor structural readiness and gaps in delivering integrated nutrition services with a significant missed opportunity in nutrition screening and counselling. Ensuring availability of logistics and improving access to training might improve delivery of nutrition services. In addition, ensuring adequate human resource might reduce missed opportunity and enable providers to provide a thorough preventive counselling service.

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Akalonu, Mrs Chinyere Lawrencia Charles, Dr Ikpong Sunday Umo, and Mr John C. Amadi. "Geographic Space and the Issues of Utilization of Primary Health Facilities in Isiala-Mbano, Imo, Nigeria." Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2022.v07i04.003.

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Primary Health Care is the first point of contact for most Nigerians with respect to the health care system, but the level of clients’ access and utilization are mostly plagued with distinct problems across geographic locations, thereby impeding sustainable development of rural communities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the intriguing relationships existing among location, distance, and the utilization of government-owned primary health care facilities (PHCF) by residents in Isiala-Mbano, Imo State. A stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample population of 475. Questionnaire and interviews were used to elicit information from the respondents, while geospatial tools were used for mapping the spatial distributions of three Health Posts and fourteen Health Centers. Analyses of data using descriptive statistics, geographic information system, nearest neighbour analysis, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and student’s t-test revealed that: (i) PHCF’s are randomly distributed within the study area as indicated by the Nearest Neighbour Index of R = 1.164. (ii) Estimated Euclidean distances from users’ houses to nearest PHCFs showed that 66.5 percent of the users live within 1 km and 33.5 percent live between 1 km to 2.3 km from the nearest PHCFs. (iii) Average Nearest Neighbour Distance gave 1.3708 km with good topography. (iv) The ratio of population to health center gave 11,972:1, implying that Isiala-Mbano is adequately served by primary health care centers, but the levels of utilizations were generally very low due to lack of doctors and valid drugs for patients. A test of Hypothesis showed that there is no significant relationship between the distance of primary health care facilities and the level of utilization in the study area. Hence, this study recommended timely health care facility reform through the supply of essential drugs and employment of specialized manpower sustainably to attend to patients in the study area.

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Akalonu, Mrs Chinyere Lawrencia Charles, Dr Ikpong Sunday Umo, and Mr John C. Amadi. "Geographic Space and the Issues of Utilization of Primary Health Facilities in Isiala-Mbano, Imo, Nigeria." Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2022.v07i04.003.

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Primary Health Care is the first point of contact for most Nigerians with respect to the health care system, but the level of clients’ access and utilization are mostly plagued with distinct problems across geographic locations, thereby impeding sustainable development of rural communities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the intriguing relationships existing among location, distance, and the utilization of government-owned primary health care facilities (PHCF) by residents in Isiala-Mbano, Imo State. A stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample population of 475. Questionnaire and interviews were used to elicit information from the respondents, while geospatial tools were used for mapping the spatial distributions of three Health Posts and fourteen Health Centers. Analyses of data using descriptive statistics, geographic information system, nearest neighbour analysis, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and student’s t-test revealed that: (i) PHCF’s are randomly distributed within the study area as indicated by the Nearest Neighbour Index of R = 1.164. (ii) Estimated Euclidean distances from users’ houses to nearest PHCFs showed that 66.5 percent of the users live within 1 km and 33.5 percent live between 1 km to 2.3 km from the nearest PHCFs. (iii) Average Nearest Neighbour Distance gave 1.3708 km with good topography. (iv) The ratio of population to health center gave 11,972:1, implying that Isiala-Mbano is adequately served by primary health care centers, but the levels of utilizations were generally very low due to lack of doctors and valid drugs for patients. A test of Hypothesis showed that there is no significant relationship between the distance of primary health care facilities and the level of utilization in the study area. Hence, this study recommended timely health care facility reform through the supply of essential drugs and employment of specialized manpower sustainably to attend to patients in the study area.

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Al Zaidan, Manal, Azza Mustafa Mohammed, Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Mashael Al Mahmoud, Samya Al Abdulla, and Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari. "Pharmaceutical Care Service at Primary Health Care Centers: An Insight on Patient Satisfaction." International Journal of Clinical Practice 2022 (March 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6170062.

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Background. Patient’s health care experiences and satisfaction are frequently used as a healthcare quality indicator. Aim. The study aims to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction with the pharmacy services provided at the Primary Health Care Corporation’s (PHCC) pharmacies in Qatar. Methods. This study is a cross-sectional survey conducted in December of 2019. The study’s setting is the Primary Health Care centers’ pharmacies. All adult patients (≥18 years old) with mobile phone numbers documented on file who had their prescription orders filled at the PHCC’s pharmacy units in 2019 were included in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to present the findings. The significance level was set at the alpha level of 0.05. Results. The usable responses were 9,564 from the total participants. Around 55.2% (N = 5,283) were males, 56.5% (N = 5,405) were in the age group (25–40), 19.2% (N = 1,837) were Qatari nationals, 39.7% (N = 3,801) had their medication dispensed in the Central Region of the State of Qatar, and 72.8% (N = 6,964) had at least undergraduate or higher degrees. The overall mean (SD) satisfaction score was (3.24 ± 0.629). Participants were less satisfied with their pharmacist’s communication, especially offering information about medication’s side effects (2.61 ± 1.2) and general health counselling (2.39 ± 1.2). Respondents were also less satisfied with waiting time (3.02 ± 1.3). Waiting time, gender, age, nationality, geographical region of the pharmacy, educational level, and familiarity with the PHCC were significantly associated with satisfaction level. Conclusion. The patients were reasonably satisfied, and the satisfaction level differed among different sociodemographic groups. Based on the public’s needs and expectations, pharmacists need to continuously improve their effort to enhance the healthcare quality in the organization.

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Miç, Pınar, Melik Koyuncu, and Jamil Hallak. "Primary Health Care Center (PHCC) Location-Allocation with Multi-Objective Modelling: A Case Study in Idleb, Syria." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050811.

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The Syrian crisis began on 15 March 2011. It is one of the bloodiest and complicated conflicts in the world today. Although almost eight years have passed over this tragedy, civilians continue to suffer from conflicts and destructions in the area. As a result, this situation disregards human life and the number of people in need increases day by day. Particularly, people who have to live in the conflict area encounter troubles with regard to health, shelter, food and other needs. Thus, we have focused on identifying the Primary Health Care Center (PHCC) locations within Idleb Governorate in Syria. Data is extracted from a sample containing 23 sub-districts in the governorate and a total of 338 communities. We have formulated a mixed integer-weighted goal programming model and combined it with a Geographic Information System-GIS (ArcMap). The model is solved via an optimization package and moreover, sensitivity analyses are conducted to achieve a more in-depth study. Our aim was to have 60 PHCCs out of 77 available candidate PHCCs and the model located 42 PHCCs in total, by allocating 379,080 people, with a total cost of USD 1,000,353 and a cash for work amounting to USD 163,549. Accordingly, the model’s outputs and sensitivity analyses are expected to help decision-makers in case of such disasters.

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Koteswara Rao, Pagolu, and Raghava Rao T. "Institutional capacity of health care institutes for diagnosis and management of common genetic diseases - A study from a north coastal district of Andhra Pradesh." Journal of Community Medicine and Health Solutions 2, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jcmhs.1001008.

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Background: In India, the genetic disease is a disregarded service element in the community health- protection system. This study aims to gauge the accessibility of services for treating genetic disorders and also to evaluate the practices on deterrence and management services in the district health system. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of selected health amenities from 454 medical officers (MO’s), 94 accredited social health activist (ASHAs) workers, 86 multipurpose health assistant-female (MPHA-F), 34 multipurpose health assistant-male (MPHA-M), 14 multipurpose health supervisors-female (MPHS-F), 10 multipurpose health supervisors-male (MPHS-M), 6 multipurpose health extension officer/ community health officer (MPHEO/CHO), 10 public health nurse (PHN), 45 lab technicians (LT’s) working in the government health sector and 254 in the private health sector, 409 nursing staff working in the government health sector and 995 in the private health sector, 15 primary health centers (PHC’s), 4 community health centers (CHC’s), 1 district government hospital (DGH), 3 referral hospitals (RH’s). From the side of private health institutions 25 corporate hospitals (CH’s), 3 medical colleges (MC’s), and 25 diagnostic laboratories (DL’s) were conducted. Results: The findings show that adequate staff was in place at more than 70% of health centers, but none of the staff have obtained any operative training on genetic disease management. The largest part of the DH’s had rudimentary infrastructural and diagnostic facilities. However, the greater part of the CHC’s and PHC’s had inadequate diagnostic facilities related to genetic disease management. Biochemical, molecular, and cytogenetic services were not available at PHC’s and CHC’s. DH’s, RH’s, and all selected medical colleges were found to have offered the basic Biochemical genetics units during the survey. In 24% of CH’s, the basic biochemical units are available and 32% (8 out of 25) of DL’s have the advanced biochemical genetics units by study. Molecular genetics units were found to be available in 28% (7 out of 25) of DL’s during the study. About 6 (24%) diagnostic centers of cytogenetic laboratories were located in the Visakhapatnam district under the private sector. Conclusion: The district health care infrastructure in India has a shortage of basic services to be provided for the genetic disorder. With some policy resolutions and facility strengthening, it is possible to provide advanced services for a genetic disorder in the district health system.

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Kalita, Biraj K., Anil Srikanth, and Anil Srikanth. "A probit model approach to know the effect of Arogyasri scheme, NHM indicator and knowledge of new borne care on utilization of PHCs, Hanwada mandalam, Telangana." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 4198. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174828.

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Background: The utilization of primary health care centre have prime importance in a country like India where most people lived in rural, allocation of budget is according to the disease situation is most likely in the country Therefor the study like this give policy makers, public health planner a direction in regard to proper utilization of fund. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from the 1st Feb to 28th Feb 2017. A simple random technique was used with a sample size 210 (169+41 (Health worker)). Analysis done using SPSS version 24. The descriptive statistics in percentages, probit method was used to identify the utilization of primary health care services.Results: There are total 56.20% of male participant while female participant constituted 43.80% and after using probit regression model it is found that the indicators like -access to skilled obstetric care (0.002), access to skilled birth attendance (0.0013), institutional delivery service facility (0.0001), access to comprehensive abortion care (0.0015), essential newborn care and referral (0.0025) and demographic variable like age, income, out of pocket expenditure, female respondent*health worker knowledge, income*cost of medical care have significant impact on utilization of PHC also in selection of hospital under Aarogyasri 15-29 age group, male respondent, illiterate, literate and income more than 5000 have significant impact. Conclusions: The primary health care centre services have a high impact in reducing the disease burden in rural area like Hanwada, So if there is an improvement in some of the basic services it can greatly impact in overall utilization rate.

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Kusworo, Daffa Ladro, Maghfira Nur Khaliza Fauzi, and Andre Arya Pratama. "PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IMPROVEMENT." Khatulistiwa Law Review 2, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/klr.v2i2.404.

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AbstrakEksistensi hak kesehatan sebagai fundamental right yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu telah diakui secara kontitusional. Hakikatnya, kesehatan harus dijamin dengan adanya suatu kepastian hukum melalui upaya peningkatan kualitas kesehatan. Namun, beberapa daerah masih memiliki keterbatasan akses pelayanan kesehatan dasar di puskesmas. Hambatan tersebut terlihat dari minimnya jumlah puskesmas dan kesenjangan fasilitas antardaerah, kurangnya berbagai faktor penunjang, serta terbatasnya kuantitas tenaga kesehatan yang akan mempengaruhi capaian kesehatan masyarakat. Pemberlakuan jam operasional dalam rangka mengurangi angka penyebaran covid-19 mengakibatkan terjadinya dua kondisi yang kontras. Kondisi pertama menimbulkan overcapacityyang berisiko memicu kerumunan, sedangkan kondisi kedua menyebabkan penurunan jumlah kunjungan masyarakat ke puskesmas. Hal ini perlu menjadi fokus pemerintah, guna meningkatkan pemerataan pelayanan kesehatan pada daerah terdampak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlu strategi oleh pemerintah dalam mengatasi dinamika kesehatan sebagai suatu penyempurnaan kerangka kebijakan dalam mewujudkan target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) pada sektor pelayanan kesehatan di daerah. Untuk itu, penulis beranggapan perlu adanya kepastian jaminan melalui Primary Health Care Improvement sebagai solusi alternatif yang tepat, guna meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan puskesmas di daerah terdampak dalam memitigasi covid-19. Abstract The existence of the right to health as a fundamental right that every individual owns has been recognized constitutionally. In essence, health must be guaranteed by the presence of a legal certainty through efforts to improve the quality of health. However, some areas still have limited access to essential health services at community health centres. These obstacles can be seen from the minimal number of community health centres and the gap in facilities between regions, the lack of various supporting factors, and the limited quantity of health workers that will affect public health outcomes. The implementation of operating hours to reduce the spread of COVID-19 resulted in two contrasting conditions. The first condition causes overcapacity, which risks crowds, while the second condition causes a decrease in the number of community visits to the community health centres. These conditions need to be the government's focus to increase the distribution of health services in affected areas. This study uses a normative legal research method with an approach to legislation and literature study. The results of this study indicate that the government needs a strategy in overcoming the dynamics of health as a refinement of the policy framework in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets in the regional health service sector. For this reason, the authors think that there is a need for guarantees through Primary Health Care Improvement as an appropriate alternative solution to improve the quality of community health centres services in affected areas in mitigating COVID-19.

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Liaw, Siaw-Teng, Rachael Kearns, Jane Taggart, Oliver Frank, Riki Lane, Michael Tam, Sarah Dennis, et al. "eHealth and Integrated Primary Health Care Centres." International Journal of Integrated Care 17, no. 3 (July 11, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3154.

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Pfaff, Colin, Gift Malamula, Gabriel Kamowatimwa, Jo Theu, Theresa J Allain, Alemayehu Amberbir, Sunganani Kwilasi, et al. "Decentralising diabetes care from hospitals to primary health care centres in Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 33, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v33i3.3.

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BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes and hypertension have become a prominent public health concern in Malawi, where health care services for NCDs are generally restricted to urban centres and district hospitals, while the vast majority of Malawians live in rural settings. Whether similar quality of diabetes care can be delivered at health centres compared to hospitals is not known. MethodsWe implemented a pilot project of decentralized diabetes care at eight health centres in four districts in Malawi. We described differences between district hospitals and rural health centres in terms of patient characteristics, diabetes complications, cardiovascular risk factors, and aspects of the quality of care and used multivariate logistic regression to explore factors associated with adequate diabetes and blood pressure control. ResultsBy March 2019, 1339 patients with diabetes were registered of whom 286 (21%) received care at peripheral health centres. The median duration of care of patients in the diabetes clinics during the study period was 8.8 months. Overall, HIV testing coverage was 93.6%, blood pressure was recorded in 92.4%; 68.5% underwent foot examination of whom 35.0% had diabetic complications; 30.1% underwent fundoscopy of whom 15.6% had signs of diabetic retinopathy. No significant differences in coverage of testing for diabetes complications were observed between health facility types. Neither did we find significant differences in retention in care (72.1 vs. 77.6%; p=0.06), adequate diabetes control (35.0% vs. 37.8%; p=0.41) and adequate blood pressure control (51.3% vs. 49.8%; p=0.66) between hospitals and health centres. In multivariate analysis, male sex was associated with adequate diabetes control, while lower age and normal body mass index were associated with adequate blood pressure control; health facility type was not associated with either. ConclusionQuality of care did not appear to differ between hospitals and health centres, but was insufficient at both levels.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs)'

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