Books on the topic 'Primary Explosives'

Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of impulsive, uncontrollable aggression out of proportion to the severity of provoking agents. Few epidemiological studies have been carried out on the prevalence and correlates of IED. Data are reported here from the most recent and largest of these studies: the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) and the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. These studies show that IED is a commonly occurring disorder that typically has an early age of onset, a persistent course, and strong comorbidity with a number of other usually secondary mental disorders. This disorder is almost twice as common among men as women. It is often associated with substantial distress and impairment. However, only a minority of people with IED obtain treatment for their uncontrollable anger. This combination of features makes IED an ideal target for early detection and intervention aimed at secondary prevention of anger attacks as well as primary prevention of secondary disorders.

A cough is an explosive forced expiratory manoeuvre, usually against a closed glottis, and gives rise to a characteristic sound. Acute cough is defined as a cough of less than 3 weeks duration, and chronic cough as one of more than 8 weeks duration. Acute cough is the commonest presenting symptom in primary care: by far the most frequent cause is a viral respiratory tract infection. The main effect of coughing is on quality of life and this is particularly prominent in patients with chronic cough, as these frequently develop physical complications such as chest pain, retching and vomiting, hoarseness, incontinence, sleep disturbance, and syncope. In addition, psychological distress and social embarrassment are often features. This chapter covers the approach to diagnosis for acute and chronic cough as well as diagnostic tests, therapies, prognosis, and dealing with uncertainty.

This chapter investigates how platformization is affecting the idea of education as a common good on both sides of the Atlantic. The growth of online educational platforms has been explosive, in both primary and higher education. Most of these educational platforms are corporately owned, propelled by algorithmic architectures and business models. They have quickly gained millions of users and are altering learning processes and teaching practices; they boost the distribution of online course material, hence impacting curriculums; they influence the administration of schools and universities; and, as some argue, they change the governance of (public) education as a whole. The chapter explores how, powered by the Big Five, these educational platforms are pushing a new concept of learning that questions values that are fundamental to publicly funded education: Bildung, a knowledge-based curriculum, autonomy for teachers, collective affordability, and education as a vehicle for socioeconomic equality.

This chapter examines labor supply in Tunisia in relation to key demographic characteristics such as age, sex, educational attainment, and residence. It also reviews unemployment in Tunisia over time and examines its demographic and educational patterns. The analysis is primarily based on data from the first wave of the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey carried out in 2014 (TLMPS 2014), but also uses data from the Tunisian National Survey of Population and Employment (ENPE) and other sources to examine the evolution of labor supply and unemployment over time. We identify important developments in the labor market relating to the youth bulge and the explosive growth of educational attainment in Tunisia in recent years.

Chapter 3 places the global gag rule into a broader context by examining the longer-term history of US family-planning assistance within a framework of global reproductive governance characterized by three paradigms: population control, safe motherhood, and women’s reproductive health. Early proponents of family-planning assistance were motivated primarily by fears of explosive population growth in developing countries. Their answer was to disseminate modern contraceptives across large populations to reduce fertility rates and control population growth. As the predictions of Malthusian-type disaster failed to materialize, the paradigm surrounding population assistance shifted to safe motherhood. Growing pressure from feminists and women’s groups to focus on the rights of all women, not just mothers, contributed to the third paradigm shift toward women’s reproductive health. Each time the United States has imposed the global gag rule it has antagonized donors, agencies, and governments who have set the priorities of these paradigms in reproductive governance.

¿Cómo se produce el pasaje de una época caracterizada por altas tasas de natalidad y de mortalidad –y por lo tanto por un crecimiento poblacional moderado–, a otra en la cual disminuyen las muertes mientras que se multiplican los nacimientos? Estos cambios poblacionales, conocidos como la “transición demográfica”, afectaron primero a Europa y luego al resto del mundo. El crecimiento poblacional en este segundo momento fue muy pronunciado, incluso explosivo. El desarrollo de métodos anticonceptivos eficaces abrió el camino para una tercera fase, en la cual el crecimiento demográfico empezó a disminuir. Antes de la transición, los niños y los jóvenes constituían la gran mayoría de la población. Luego, con la desaceleración del crecimiento poblacional, ocurrió lo inverso: predominaron los adultos y los adultos mayores, al tiempo que se observaron cada vez menos niños y jóvenes. El presente libro examina estos cambios y sus consecuencias para la sociedad en el caso de América Latina, con una perspectiva interdisciplinaria que incluye la demografía, la historia, la sociología, la economía y la salud pública. Héctor Pérez Brignoli es catedrático emérito de la Universidad de Costa Rica y la Universidad Nacional (Heredia, Costa Rica), Fellow en el Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin y el Wilson Center (Washington DC), becario de la Fundación Guggenheim y profesor visitante en las Universidades de Wisconsin (Madison), Texas (Austin), Minnesota y Complutense de Madrid, entre otras. Entre sus publicaciones se destacan: Historia global de América Latina. Del siglo XXI a la Independencia (Madrid, 2018); El laberinto centroamericano. Los hilos de la historia (San José, 2017); La población de Costa Rica, 1750-2000. Una historia experimental (San José, 2010); Historical Atlas of Central America (Norman, 2003), en colaboración con Carolyn Hall, y Breve historia de Centroamérica (Madrid, 1985, 1989, 2000 y 2018).

The assassination of Osama bin Laden by SEAL Team 6 in May 2011 will certainly figure among the greatest achievements of US Special Forces. After nearly ten years of searching, they descended into his Pakistan compound in the middle of the night, killed him, and secreted the body back into Afghanistan. Interest in these forces had always been high, but it spiked to new levels following this success. There was a larger lesson here too. For serious jobs, the president invariably turns to the US Special Forces: the SEALs, Delta Force, the Green Berets, and the USAF’s Special Tactics squad. Given that secretive grab-and-snatch operations in remote locales characterize contemporary warfare as much as traditional firefights, the Special Forces now fill a central role in American military strategy and tactics. Not surprisingly, the daring and secretive nature of these commando operations has generated a great deal of interest. The American public has an overwhelmingly favorable view of the forces, and nations around the world recognize them as the most capable fighting units: the tip of the American spear, so to speak. But how much do we know about them? What are their origins? What function do they fill in the larger military structure? Who can become a member? What do trainees have to go through? What sort of missions do Special Forces perform, and what are they expected to accomplish? Despite their importance, much of what they do remains a mystery because their operations are clandestine and the sources elusive. In The US Special Forces: What Everyone Needs to Know, eminent scholar John Prados brings his deep expertise to the subject and provides a pithy primer on the various components of America’s special forces. The US military has long employed Special Forces in some form or another, but it was in the Cold War when they assumed their present form, and in Vietnam where they achieved critical mass. Interestingly, the Special Forces suffered a rapid decline in numbers after that conflict despite the fact that the United States had already identified terrorism as a growing security threat. The revival of Special Forces began under the Reagan administration. After 9/11 they experienced explosive growth, and are now integral to all US military missions. Prados traces how this happened and examines the various roles the Special Forces now play. They have taken over many functions of the regular military, a trend that Prados does not expect will end any time soon. This will be a definitive primer on the elite units in the most powerful military the world has ever known.