Academic literature on the topic 'Primary Explosives'

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Journal articles on the topic "Primary Explosives"

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Mehta, Neha, Karl Oyler, Gartung Cheng, Akash Shah, John Marin, and Kin Yee. "Primary Explosives." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 640, no. 7 (March 25, 2014): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201400053.

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Tang, Jie, Dan Chen, Gen Zhang, Hongwei Yang, and Guangbin Cheng. "A “Green” Primary Explosive: Design, Synthesis, and Testing." Synlett 30, no. 08 (February 5, 2019): 885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611696.

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This account presents the synthesis and the characterization of triazine-tetrazine nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. Some compounds were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The physical and chemical properties were obtained by EXPLO5 v6.01, gas pycnometer, BAM Fallhammer, BAM Friction tester, and several detonation tests. The results show that the new metal-free polyazido compound 3,6-bis-[2-(4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-diazenyl]-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (4) with high heat of formation (2820 kJ mol–1/6130.2 kJ kg–1) and excellent detonation velocity and pressure (D = 8602 m s–1, P = 29.4 GPa) could be used as ingredient in secondary explosives. 3,6-Bis-[2-(4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-hydrazinyl]-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (3) can detonate research department explosive (RDX, cyclonite) as a primer (Δf H m = 2114 kJ mol–1/4555.2 kJ kg–1, D = 8365 m s–1, P = 26.8 GPa), whose initiation capacity is comparable to that of the traditional primary explosive Pb(N3)2. Therefore, the metal-free compound 3 can potentially replace lead-based-primary explosives, which would be advantageous for the environment.1 Introduction2 Strategies to Form High-Nitrogen Compounds with High Heat of Formation3 Metal-Free Strategies to Prepare Primary Explosives4 Concluding Remarks
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Klapötke, Thomas M., and Neha Mehta. "Lead-free Primary Explosives." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 39, no. 1 (February 2014): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201480132.

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MISZCZAK,, Maciej, Cezary Kwiecień, and Sławomir Gryka. "INVESTIGATING EXPLOSIVE SENSITIVITY TO ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE ACCORDING TO NATO STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENTS." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA, no. 3 (December 6, 2016): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0534.

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Some small scale methods for testing the sensitivity against ESD (Electro Static Discharge) of solid explosives like primary explosives, booster explosives, high explosives, gun and rocket propellants (smokeless powders and solid rocket propellants) and pyrotechnic compositions are overviewed in the paper from the point of NATO standardisation documentation that includes Standard Agreement (STANAG) 4490 [1], Allied Ordnance Publication AOP-7 [2] and STANAG 4170 [3]. The overview is supplemented with analyses and assessments of methods and received results. ESD sensitivity tests of explosives in small scale have not been unified yet in NATO standardization documentation in contradiction to NATO large scale tests. Such unification would be beneficial as it could lead to a greater reliability of results of explosive ESD susceptibility tests performed e.g. in the frame of interlaboratory tests.
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Fronabarger, John W., Jason B. Pattison, and Michael D. Williams. "ALTERNATIVES TO EXISTING PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES." International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 20, no. 3 (2021): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2021038576.

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Kalderis, Dimitrios, Albert L. Juhasz, Raj Boopathy, and Steve Comfort. "Soils contaminated with explosives: Environmental fate and evaluation of state-of-the-art remediation processes (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 7 (May 7, 2011): 1407–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-10-01-05.

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An explosion occurs when a large amount of energy is suddenly released. This energy may come from an over-pressurized steam boiler, from the products of a chemical reaction involving explosive materials, or from a nuclear reaction that is uncontrolled. In order for an explosion to occur, there must be a local accumulation of energy at the site of the explosion, which is suddenly released. This release of energy can be dissipated as blast waves, propulsion of debris, or by the emission of thermal and ionizing radiation. Modern explosives or energetic materials are nitrogen-containing organic compounds with the potential for self-oxidation to small gaseous molecules (N2, H2O, and CO2). Explosives are classified as primary or secondary based on their susceptibility of initiation. Primary explosives are highly susceptible to initiation and are often used to ignite secondary explosives, such as TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX (1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine), HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane), and tetryl (N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitro-aniline).
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Xie, Xing Hua, Xiao Jie Li, Shi Long Yan, Meng Wang, Ming Xu, Zhi Gang Ma, Hui Liu, and Zi Ru Guo. "Low Temperature Explosion for Nanometer Active Materials." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.193.

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This paper describes a new method for prediction of the Chapman–Jouguet detonation parameters of CaHbNcOdLieMnf explosives for mixture of some of low temperature explosion explosives at 0 = 1000 kg/m3. Explosion temperatures of water-gel explosives and explosive formulations are predicted using thermochemistry information. The methodology assumes that the heat of detonation of an explosive compound of products composition H2O–CO2–CO–Li2O–MnO2–Mn2O3 can be approximated as the difference between the heats of formation of the detonation products and that of the explosive, divided by the formula weight of the explosive. For the calculations in which the first set of decomposition products is assumed, predicted temperatures of explosion of water-gel explosives with the product H2O in the gas phase have a deviation of 153.29 K from results with the product H2O in the liquid state. Lithium and manganese oxides have been prepared by the explosion of water-gel explosives of the metal nitrates, M (NO3) x (M = Li, Mn) as oxidizers and glycol as fuels, at relative low temperature. We have also used the Dulong-Petit’s values of the specific heat for liquid phase H2O. Lithium manganese oxide powders with chrysanthemum-like morphology secondary particles, but with smaller primary particles of diameters from 5 to 30 nm and a variety of morphologies were found. The oxides produced by this cheap method affirmed the validity of explosion synthesis of nano-size materials for lithium ion batteries.
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Xie, Guanshun, and Bingxin Liu. "Fingerprinting of Nitroaromatic Explosives Realized by Aphen-functionalized Titanium Dioxide." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102407.

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Developing sensing materials for military explosives and improvised explosive precursors is of great significance to maintaining homeland security. 5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (Aphen)-modified TiO2 nanospheres are prepared though coordination interactions, which broaden the absorption band edge of TiO2 and shift it to the visible region. A sensor array based on an individual TiO2/Aphen sensor is constructed by regulating the excitation wavelength (365 nm, 450 nm, 550 nm). TiO2/Aphen shows significant response to nitroaromatic explosives since the Aphen capped on the surface of TiO2 can chemically recognize and absorb nitroaromatic explosives by the formation of the corresponding Meisenheimer complex. The photocatalytic mechanism is proved to be the primary sensing mechanism after anchoring nitroaromatic explosives to TiO2. The fingerprint patterns obtained by combining kinetics and thermodynamics validated that the single TiO2/Aphen sensor can identify at least six nitroaromatic explosives and improvised explosives within 8 s and the biggest response reaches 80%. Furthermore, the TiO2/Aphen may allow the contactless detection of various explosives, which is of great significance to maintaining homeland security.
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Comet, Marc, Cédric Martin, Martin Klaumünzer, Fabien Schnell, and Denis Spitzer. "Energetic nanocomposites for detonation initiation in high explosives without primary explosives." Applied Physics Letters 107, no. 24 (December 14, 2015): 243108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938139.

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Matyáš, Robert, Jakub Šelešovský, and Tomáš Musil. "Sensitivity to friction for primary explosives." Journal of Hazardous Materials 213-214 (April 2012): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.085.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primary Explosives"

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Izsák, Dániel. "Investigation of the capability of azidotriazoles as primary explosives." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-185336.

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Izsák, Dániel [Verfasser], and Thomas M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Klapötke. "Investigation of the capability of azidotriazoles as primary explosives / Dániel Izsák. Betreuer: Thomas M. Klapötke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075456789/34.

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Izsák, Dániel Verfasser], and Thomas M. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Klapötke. "Investigation of the capability of azidotriazoles as primary explosives / Dániel Izsák. Betreuer: Thomas M. Klapötke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-185336.

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Elmroth, Edvin. "Method development for quality control of the primary explosive, Potassium 4,6-Dinitrobenzofuroxan (KDNBF)." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84289.

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“Green” explosives are an important sub-family of explosives due to the banning of explosives based on heavy metals, such as lead azide and lead styphnate, according to the REACH list. A substitute to lead azide is potassium 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxane (KDNBF) which is an alternative “green” explosive. Hence there is an upcoming need for analytical and quality control protocols for KDNBF. In this report is HPLC-UV/VIS, GC-FID and potentiometric titration evaluated for their suitability as methods for testing of KDNBF. The results implies that KDNBF can be analyzed by GC-FID, when dissolved in DMSO and caffeine is used as internal standard. To analyze KDNBF by HPLC-UV/VIS was isocratic mode used together with a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) (Hypercarb ®) column. However, degradation of the analyte was severe and quantitative results were not obtained. Potentiometric titration indicated that KDNBF equilibrate with four hydrogen ions during titration, instead of the one to one ratio with potassium and hydrogen ion, as in previously proposed theory. Despite this and with careful titration is potentiometric titration and GC-FID analysis combined suitable as a quality control protocol for KDNBF.
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Szimhardt, Norbert [Verfasser], and Thomas M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Klapötke. "Energetic coordination compounds based on nitrogen-rich ligands : one concept, two goals : laser ignition and lead-free primary explosives / Norbert Szimhardt ; Betreuer: Thomas M. Klapötke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1218970898/34.

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Martin, Cédric. "Initiation en détonation d'explosifs secondaires par des nanothermites : de la transition à la détonation d'un explosif secondaire nanométrique sous l'action d'une nanothermite à la transmission ultérieure de cette détonation à un explosif secondaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE023/document.

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Le principal objectif de la thèse est l’initiation en détonation d’explosifs secondaires (RDX, PETN, HMX) grâce à des nanothermites, qui sont des compositions aluminothermiques renfermant un oxyde ou un sulfate métallique. Des matériaux nanocomposites hybrides détonants (NSTEX), ont été développés en associant une nanothermite avec une nanopoudre d’explosif secondaire, préparée par le procédé SFE. La naissance, la propagation et la modulation de la détonation dans les NSTEX ont été étudiées d’un point de vue expérimental et théorique. La transmission de la détonation produite par les NSTEX à une charge secondaire de pentrite a apporté la preuve que ces nouveaux matériaux énergétiques peuvent être employés comme substances d’amorçage, en remplacement des explosifs primaires à base de plomb. Un procédé permettant de stabiliser les poudres de nanothermites sous forme de mousses solides et très poreuses a également été mis au point. Ces recherches ont une importance capitale pour l’intégration future des nanothermites et des NSTEX dans les systèmes pyrotechniques, parce que la réactivité exceptionnelle de ces nouveaux matériaux énergétique ne se manifeste qu’en milieu poreux, et que d’autre part, ils ne peuvent pas être utilisés sous forme de poudres libres
The main objective of this thesis is to initiate the detonation of secondary explosives (RDX, PETN, HMX) by using nanothermites, which are aluminothermic mixtures prepared from metallic oxides or sulfates. Detonating hybrid nanocomposites materials (NSTEX) were prepared by mixing a nanothermite with a secondary explosive, which is prepared in nanopowder by SFE process. The formation, the propagation and the modulation of detonation in NSTEX were studied from an experimental and conceptual standpoint. The transmission of NSTEX detonation to a secondary charge of pentaerythritol tetranitrate has confirmed that these new energetic materials can be used as initiating substances in place of lead-based primary explosives. A method to turn the loose powder of nanothermite into porous, solid foam was also developed. This research is of great importance for the future integration of nanothermites and NSTEX in pyrotechnic systems, because these materials are reactive only when they are porous, and on the other hand, they cannot be used at the state of loose powders
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Bragagnini, Rodríguez Iván Enrique. "Túneles: excavaciones de túneles y cumbreras con empleo de explosivos (primera parte)." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/272781.

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Robbe, Marie-France. "Modélisation en dynamique rapide d'accidents dans le circuit primaire des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0929.

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Deux types d'accidents, pouvant se produire dans le circuit primaire d'un Réacteur nucléaire à Eau Pressurisée (REP) et impliquant des phénomènes de dynamique rapide, sont analysés. L'Accident de Perte de Réfrigérant Primaire (APRP) est l'accident de dimensionnement des REP actuels. Il s'agit d'une brèche de grande dimension sur une tuyauterie du circuit primaire. Une onde de décompression se propage à travers le circuit. Les différences de pression entre les différents volumes du réacteur induisent des efforts mécaniques importants sur les structures de la cuve et peuvent détériorer le cœur du réacteur. Le circuit primaire commence à se vider dès l'ouverture de la brèche. La pression décroît brutalement, entraînant une vaporisation massive. Deux simulations thermo-hydrauliques de la phase de décompression d'un APRP avec le code de calcul Europlexus sont présentées. Le circuit primaire est décrit par un modèle filaire, incluant les perturbations hydrauliques du circuit. Les principales différences entre les deux calculs concernent le type de réacteur, la localisation et le modèle de la brèche, et l'initialisation du calcul accidentel. L'explosion de vapeur est un accident hypothétique grave pouvant se produire à la suite de la fusion du cœur du réacteur. La partie fondue du cœur (dénommée corium) tombe dans le fond de la cuve. L'interaction du corium chaud avec l'eau froide restant au fond de la cuve induit une vaporisation massive et brutale de l'eau. Une onde de choc se propage dans la cuve, ce qui peut endommager sérieusement les structures avoisinantes ou percer localement la cuve. Cette thèse présente une synthèse d'études paramétriques d'une explosion dans le fond de cuve d'un REP avec le code Europlexus, le chaînage du code de thermo-hydraulique Mc3d dédié à la phase de prémélange avec le code Europlexus permettant le calcul de l'explosion, et un benchmark entre les codes Cigalon et Europlexus sur la maquette Vulcano.
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Yeh, Ming-Chuan, and 葉銘傳. "Inherently Safer Design , Risk Assesment and Management for Manufacturing Processes of Primary Explosives - Case Study of Dextrinated Lead Azide." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09832488873983247653.

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碩士
國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班產業安全與防災組
95
Primary explosive is acting as an initiator of the explosive chain reaction. With the sentitive nature, it is easily to cause an accident by unexpected energy. It is critical topic to indentify, assessment and control all of hazard factors through a well designed, planned and managed process in order to prevent an accident. In this work, the process of dextrinated lead azide in the plant of primary explosives of a research institute in Taiwan, was chosen as an example to review the application of inherently safer design, and through the HAZOP methodology, the hazard factors in the processes were identified and assessmented. There are 10 applications concluded from inherently safer design of the process in this work. As HAZOP is used for this work, it showed that ionizing of air can’t be detected real time when drying take a higher risk, it could cause explosion by electrostatic. So, it’s needed to change the dryig design. In others, no major hazards were found at the safety design of the process. However, the major potential risks were found at the safety management, and the safety management measures required to be followed in order to ensure safety equipments acting efficiently. With a checklist of the assessment, all of existing SOPs and JSAs were reviewed accordingly, and the insufficient part in the documents was enforced. The training courses were given to the operators. It is important to execute the well-defined plans of self-checking, maintenance, and calibration.
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Bełzowski, Janusz. "Koordynacyjne związki metali przejściowych jako materiały wybuchowe specjalnego przeznaczenia." Rozprawa doktorska, 2011. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=1281.

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Books on the topic "Primary Explosives"

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. Primary Explosives. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6.

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Hewitt, Alan D. Detecting metallic primary explosives with a portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Hanover, N.H: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1997.

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Homemade guns and homemade ammo. Port Townsend, WA: Loompanics Unlimited, 1986.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. Primary Explosives. Springer, 2013.

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Matyás, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. Primary Explosives. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Primary Explosives. Springer, 2013.

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Kessler, Ronald C., Emil F. Coccaro, Maurizio Fava, and Katie A. McLaughlin. The Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0053.

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Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of impulsive, uncontrollable aggression out of proportion to the severity of provoking agents. Few epidemiological studies have been carried out on the prevalence and correlates of IED. Data are reported here from the most recent and largest of these studies: the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) and the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. These studies show that IED is a commonly occurring disorder that typically has an early age of onset, a persistent course, and strong comorbidity with a number of other usually secondary mental disorders. This disorder is almost twice as common among men as women. It is often associated with substantial distress and impairment. However, only a minority of people with IED obtain treatment for their uncontrollable anger. This combination of features makes IED an ideal target for early detection and intervention aimed at secondary prevention of anger attacks as well as primary prevention of secondary disorders.
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Smith, Jacky. Cough. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0016.

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A cough is an explosive forced expiratory manoeuvre, usually against a closed glottis, and gives rise to a characteristic sound. Acute cough is defined as a cough of less than 3 weeks duration, and chronic cough as one of more than 8 weeks duration. Acute cough is the commonest presenting symptom in primary care: by far the most frequent cause is a viral respiratory tract infection. The main effect of coughing is on quality of life and this is particularly prominent in patients with chronic cough, as these frequently develop physical complications such as chest pain, retching and vomiting, hoarseness, incontinence, sleep disturbance, and syncope. In addition, psychological distress and social embarrassment are often features. This chapter covers the approach to diagnosis for acute and chronic cough as well as diagnostic tests, therapies, prognosis, and dealing with uncertainty.
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van, José. Education. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889760.003.0007.

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This chapter investigates how platformization is affecting the idea of education as a common good on both sides of the Atlantic. The growth of online educational platforms has been explosive, in both primary and higher education. Most of these educational platforms are corporately owned, propelled by algorithmic architectures and business models. They have quickly gained millions of users and are altering learning processes and teaching practices; they boost the distribution of online course material, hence impacting curriculums; they influence the administration of schools and universities; and, as some argue, they change the governance of (public) education as a whole. The chapter explores how, powered by the Big Five, these educational platforms are pushing a new concept of learning that questions values that are fundamental to publicly funded education: Bildung, a knowledge-based curriculum, autonomy for teachers, collective affordability, and education as a vehicle for socioeconomic equality.
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Assaad, Ragui, Samir Ghazouani, and Caroline Krafft. The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799863.003.0001.

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This chapter examines labor supply in Tunisia in relation to key demographic characteristics such as age, sex, educational attainment, and residence. It also reviews unemployment in Tunisia over time and examines its demographic and educational patterns. The analysis is primarily based on data from the first wave of the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey carried out in 2014 (TLMPS 2014), but also uses data from the Tunisian National Survey of Population and Employment (ENPE) and other sources to examine the evolution of labor supply and unemployment over time. We identify important developments in the labor market relating to the youth bulge and the explosive growth of educational attainment in Tunisia in recent years.
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Book chapters on the topic "Primary Explosives"

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Explosive Properties of Primary Explosives." In Primary Explosives, 11–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_2.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Introduction to Initiating Substances." In Primary Explosives, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_1.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Organic Peroxides." In Primary Explosives, 255–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_10.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Nitrogen Halides." In Primary Explosives, 289–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_11.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Acetylides." In Primary Explosives, 303–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_12.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Other Substances." In Primary Explosives, 325–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_13.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Fulminates." In Primary Explosives, 37–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_3.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Azides." In Primary Explosives, 71–129. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_4.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Salts of Polynitrophenols." In Primary Explosives, 131–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_5.

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Matyáš, Robert, and Jiří Pachman. "Diazodinitrophenol." In Primary Explosives, 157–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28436-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Primary Explosives"

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Fronabarger, John, William Sanborn, and Magdy Bichay. "An investigation of some alternatives to lead based primary explosives." In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3633.

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Castro-Suarez, John R., Samuel P. Hernández-Rivera, and Leonardo Pacheco-Londoño. "Detection of Primary and Secondary Explosives Using Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics." In The 15th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Global Partnership for Development and Engineering Education”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2017.1.1.81.

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Sanborn, William, John Fronabarger, and Michael Williams. "Critical Temperature Determinations for the Lead-Free Primary Explosives DBX-1 and KDNP." In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6514.

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Fister, Matthew, Kevin Fehlmann, and Dusan Spernjak. "Numerical Simulation and Measurements of Reaction Load for an Impulsively Loaded Pressure Vessel." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-62085.

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Abstract Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) designs and utilizes impulsively loaded pressure vessels for the confinement of experimental configurations involving explosives. For physics experiments with hazardous materials, a two-barrier containment system is needed, where an impulsively (or, explosively) loaded pressure vessel is assembled as an inner confinement vessel, inside an outer containment vessel (subject to quasi-static load in the event of confinement vessel breach). Design of the inner and outer vessels and support structure must account for any directional loads imparted by the blast loading on the inner vessel. Typically there is a shock-attenuating assembly between the inner confinement and outer containment pressure barriers, which serves to mitigate any dynamic load transfer from inner to outer vessel. Depending on the shock-attenuating approach, numerical predictions of these reaction loads can come with high levels of uncertainty due to model sensitivities. Present work here focuses on the numerical predictions and measurements of the reaction loads due to detonating 30 g of TNT equivalent in the Inner Pressure Confinement Vessel (IPCV) for proton imaging of small-scale shock physics experiments at LANL. Direct reaction load measurements from IPCV testing is presented alongside numerical predictions. Using the experimental measurements from the firing site, we refine the tools and methodology utilized for reaction load predictions and explore the primary model sensitivities which contribute to uncertainties. The numerical tools, modeling methodology, and primary drivers of model uncertainty identified here will improve the capability to model detonation experiments and enable design load calculations of other impulsively loaded pressure vessels with higher accuracy.
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Jug, Jasmin, Stjepan Strelec, Nikola Kranjčić, and Ivan Golub. "SEISMIC WAVES VELOCITIES AS AN INDICATOR FOR ASSESSING EXCAVATABILITY OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS." In GEO-EXPO 2022. DRUŠTVO ZA GEOTEHNIKU U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35123/geo-expo_2022_11.

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The selection of excavation technology is one of the very important and demanding tasks when planning excavation in solid rocks, whether on a surface mine or construction pit. The variety of rock mass characteristics greatly influences the application efficiency of a particular excavation technique and technology. The discontinuous rock mass is easier to excavate compared to solid rock mass. Discontinuity is a well-known characteristic of rock masses, especially sedimentary ones, and this feature is very successfully investigated using non-invasive, fast and relatively inexpensive seismic geophysical methods. The results of seismic investigations are the velocities of compression or primary P-waves and shear or secondary S-waves. Some of the methods from the literature use the mentioned seismic wave velocities as the primary indicator for assessing the possibility of rock excavation. This paper presents the application of several such methods on the example of rock mass categorization for excavation in the ferry port Žigljen on the island of Pag. During field measurements, geophysical methods of shallow refractive seismic (SRS) and multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) were used. Based on the measured seismic wave velocities, the rock mass at the investigation site was categorized as a non-mechanically excavated material according to all classification methods employed. Therefore, blasting with the use of blast holes and explosives is recommended for excavation.
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LIU, SHIYI, ZINIAN JIA, and JIN CHEN. "RESEARCH ON STABILITY OF PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE AT EXTREME TEMPERATURE." In The 11th International Colloquium on Pulsed and Continuous Det- onations (ICPCD). TORUS PRESS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/icpcd201816.

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Reilly, Matthew A., Daniel Sherwood, Richard Watson, Walt Gray, William E. Sponsel, Kimberly Thoe, Brian Lund, and Randolph Glickman. "Manifestations of Primary Blast-Induced Ocular Trauma." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14546.

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Prevalence of ocular trauma in battlefield injury has increased significantly in recent years. The majority of such injuries are due to improvised explosive devices. While impact-induced injuries are relatively well characterized, little is known regarding the effects of primary blast. We exposed porcine eyes to a simulated blast using a shock tube to correlate the blast overpressure with various trauma manifestations.
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Huang, Ping, and Xiao-mian Hu. "Numerical Simulation on Explosion Load of Transportation Device for Primary Explosive Powder." In 2010 Fifth International Conference on Systems (ICONS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icons.2010.35.

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Carboni, Marina G., Louis Piscitelle, Barry DeCristofano, Michael Maffeo, Ronald Segars, Philemon Chan, and Kevin Ho. "Measurement Techniques Using Both Shock Tube and Explosive Tests to Assess Material Performance in Reducing Primary Blast Lung Injury." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69130.

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The goal of this work is to investigate methods to utilize small scale shock tube testing as a screening procedure for the development of primary blast lung injury protective concepts. For this analysis it is critical to understand and appropriately relate the performance of the material system when challenged in a shock tube test to the material performance under full scale explosive testing. Measurement techniques with shock tubes and explosive tests were used to evaluate shock loading of materials and subsequent stress wave transmission in relation to injury criteria identified in the literature. The materials tested included soft and rigid ballistic materials and foam. Shock tube experimentation was performed with a single, flush pressure sensor mounted behind materials. A full scale test device was created that could be used to obtain pressure measurements under a protective material concept during full scale explosive testing. The device was a Modified Blast Test Device (MBTD) of cylindrical shape with pressure sensors mounted flush to the surface on a circle around the device’s circumference. Pressure measurements without materials and behind materials were gathered in all test scenarios for comparison. The pressure data were used to analyze peak pressure, specific impulse, dP/dtmax, normalized work and acoustic wave transmission. Results of the full scale experimental effort are compared with shock tube results.
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Fronabarger, John, Michael Williams, William Sanborn, Michael Sitzmann, Magdy Bichay, and Richard Gilardi. "Characterization and Output Testing of the Novel Primary Explosive, Bis(furoxano)nitrophenol, Potassium Salt." In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3512.

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Reports on the topic "Primary Explosives"

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Hirlinger, John, and Magdy Bichay. New Primary Explosives Development for Medium Caliber Stab Detonators. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480317.

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