Journal articles: 'PRIMARY ENERGY SAVING'

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Hong, Gui Bing, Chih Ming Ma, Kai Jen Chuang, and Chang Tang Chang. "Current Situation of Energy Conservation in Taiwanese Textile Industry." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.968.

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Since Taiwan lacks self-produced energy, and is 98 percent reliant on imports for its primary energy. Increasing energy efficiency and energy savings are an essential part of Taiwan’s energy policy. This work summarized the energy saving potential of the Taiwanese textile industry from the on-line Energy Declare System in 2008. It was found that the total potential energy savings was thus 64,034 KL of crude oil equivalent (KLOE). The energy saving potential identified was 94,614MWh of electricity, 24,536 kiloliters of fuel oil, and 23,722 tons of fuel coal. It represented a reduction of 192,353 tons in carbon dioxide emissions.

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Wardhana, Alex Sandria Jaya, and Eko Swi Damarwan. "Identification of Energy Saving Potential Through Energy Audit at PT. ABC." Jurnal Edukasi Elektro 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jee.v7i1.61657.

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Increasing energy efficiency is one of the most important functions for reducing energy costs as well as production costs. One way to reduce the use of electrical energy consumption is by saving energy. This study aims to determine how much energy savings at PT ABC through an energy audit. An energy audit is carried out with two main activities, namely identifying the profile of patterns of electricity use and analysis of power quality. The results of the analysis are then expected to be the basis for knowing the potential for energy savings and energy conservation in the industry. The method used in this study begins with field observations, measurements of electrical systems, and measurements of production machines and production support equipment. Based on some data, both primary data and secondary data, an analysis is carried out through calculations to determine potential energy-saving opportunities. The main energy source used at PT. ABC is from PLN with 1 subscription to a 3-phase system with an installed power of 197 kVA. Energy use or consumption for a year is 804,279.97 kWh. Opportunities for energy savings through energy audits that have been carried out are expected to have an impact on the company, namely energy cost savings of IDR 137,344,162 per year

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Zhao, Shujie, Qingbin Song, and Chao Wang. "Characterizing the Energy-Saving Behaviors, Attitudes and Awareness of University Students in Macau." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 6341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226341.

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Currently, energy and its usage are the primary environmental issues in all countries and regions. As a special social group, university students not only have extremely high energy consumption needs, but they have more advanced consumption concepts. Understanding their energy-saving characteristics could provide foresight for predicting the energy-saving characteristics of future residents. Using data collected from 737 valid questionnaires, from five typical universities in Macau, this study investigated university students' energy-saving behaviors, attitudes and awareness, and analyzed the possible influencing factors. The results showed that the energy-saving behaviors and attitudes of respondents from five university were nearly the same. Meanwhile, 75.98% of the respondents clearly recognized that energy-savings behaviors are closely related to their daily study and life, and 96.61% of the university students thought that it is very necessary to save energy. In addition, 92.94% of students thought it was necessary to carry out energy-saving education in universities. The regression analysis indicated that “the relationship between energy-saving awareness and daily life” and “the necessity of energy-saving education” are positively correlated with the energy-saving awareness at the significance level of 1%, whereas the energy-saving behaviors, “give priority to energy-saving products” and “shut down your computer when going out”, are positively correlated with energy-saving awareness at the significance level of 10% and 5%, respectively. Finally, we proposed effective suggestions for raising the awareness of saving energy among university students.

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Chicco, Gianfranco, and Pierluigi Mancarella. "Trigeneration primary energy saving evaluation for energy planning and policy development." Energy Policy 35, no. 12 (December 2007): 6132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.07.016.

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Li, Qi Fen, Tao Li, Wei Dong Sun, Zhi Tian Zhou, Cui Cui Pan, and Li Feng Zhao. "Installation Design and Energy Conservation Analysis of Floor Radiant Cooling/Heating System with Solar Energy." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2146.

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How to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning, to use new energy such as solar appropriately, and to achieve energy savings, are the problems must be treated in HVAC industry. Because of the high energy consumption of traditional air-conditioning and the need for reduction of emission, an air conditioning system (utilizing solar dehumidifying applied to heating/cooling radiant floor) is designed and installed in this paper. At the same time, as an example, the energy saving potential of system is analyzed. This type of heating/cooling radiant floor system is worth promoted if solve the dehumidification properly. By separating to deal with heat and moisture can reduce the energy-cost of traditional air-conditioning, and to achieve purposes of primary energy saving.

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Drosos, Dimitrios, Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos, Stamatios Ntanos, and Androniki Parissi. "School Managers Perceptions towards Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.36704.

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Global economic growth is accompanied by increased energy demand, thus conventional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, which are the primary energy sources, are gradually being depleted. At the same time, the combustion of conventional fuel for energy production causes serious adverse effects on the environment and contributes to climate change due to the emitted greenhouse gases. For the above reasons, most of the developed and developing countries especially during the last decades, have introduced various incentives for the greater penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in all sectors of the economy. Concerning the building sector, several measures have been adopted, including the promotion of energy efficiency and energy saving. A significant proportion of the building stock are the school buildings where students and teachers spend a significant proportion of their daily time. Teachers' attitudes and views, especially the school unit managers concerning the use of RES in schools, are important in the effort to rationalize and control energy use. This study was conducted through a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 510 school managers in Greece's primary and secondary education. The school unit managerial role for the case of Greek schools is performed by the school principal who has both administrative and educational duties. Statistical analysis included the application of Friedman's test and hypothesis test on questions concerning school manager environmental perceptions and energy-saving habits. According to the results, Greek school managers have a high degree of environmental sensitivity, since 97.6 % agreed or strongly agreed that the main concern should focus on energy saving. Furthermore, 71% of the respondent reported to have good knowledge on solar energy, followed by 64% on wind energy while only 34% are knowledgeable on biomass. Almost all the respondents (99%) agreed that it is important to provide more RES-orientated education through the taught curricula. Concerning energy saving behaviour, around 90% reported that they switch off the lights when leaving the classroom and they close the windows when the air-condition is operating. Hypothesis tests revealed a relationship between the school managers' ecological beliefs, the energy saving habits in the school environment, and the recognition of the importance of environmental education. Conclusions highlighted the need to intensify environmental education programs in the school environment concerning RES in schools. This will lead to a higher level of environmental awareness of both teachers and students and therefore to a more dynamic behaviour towards the effort to “greenify” the school environment.

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Budaiwi, Ismail M., and Mohammed Abdul Fasi. "Assessing the Energy-Saving Potential and Visual Comfort of Electrochromic Smart Windows in Office Buildings: A Case Study in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 15, 2023): 9632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129632.

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This study comprehensively evaluates the energy-saving potential and visual comfort aspects of electrochromic (EC) smart windows in a hot-humid climate office building. Using an advanced building simulation tool, EC windows are compared to conventional low-E glazed windows, considering two control triggers: daylighting level and glare control. The primary objective is to determine energy savings achievable with EC windows while addressing visual comfort. Detailed analysis of the building’s energy performance and indoor environment is conducted. Results show significant energy savings of 23% with EC windows using daylighting control but limited visual comfort in some zones. Conversely, EC windows with glare control achieve 17% energy savings while maintaining visual comfort throughout the building. These findings highlight the potential of EC windows with glare control in saving energy and maintaining visual comfort in hot-humid office buildings. Further research is needed to optimize performance for different building types and climates. In conclusion, this study provides insights into energy-saving capabilities and visual comfort considerations with EC smart windows, emphasizing the importance of appropriate control triggers for maximizing energy savings and occupant comfort. Future investigations should explore EC window performance across diverse building typologies and climates to enhance the benefits of this innovative technology.

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Zou, Hui Fen, Ying Chao Fei, Xiao Zhen Cao, and Sheng Ye. "Primary Research about Energy Consumption Analysis and Optimization Strategy of Office Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1666.

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Based on the energy saving reconstruction of an existing office building in Hangzhou, this paper analysis the building energy consumption through the DEST simulation at the present phase. Then summarize the deficiency and reconstruction of the building, and accordingly we propose a reconstruction scheme for the building which is based on the primary research about the optimization strategy of energy saving. This will provide a strong basis about the energy saving reconstruction direction and the reconstruction emphasis of the office building in hot summer and cold winter area.

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Telnova, Hanna, Veronica Bytsiuk, and Dmytro Khodin. "ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIONS OF ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF UKRAINE." Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, no. 62 (September 27, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.62.2021.241838.

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Annotation. The aim of the work is to substantiate the areas of energy saving potential management of the industrial sector of the national economy. To achieve this goal, the methods of economic and mathematical modeling were used and a function was obtained that reflects the relationship of structural changes with the energy intensity of Ukraine's GDP. The assessment of the energy saving potential in Ukrainian industry by structural and technical factors allowed to prove a positive impact not only on the energy efficiency of industrial production, but also to determine the potential reduction of energy intensity of the country's GDP by supply of primary energy resources. Thus, structural shifts in the economy of Ukraine towards reducing the share of industrial production and increasing the share of services in the field of information technology, scientific and technical activities, lower rates of primary energy supply compared to GDP, it is possible to achieve target energy efficiency targets by 2030. The result of the research is to determine the potential reduction of energy intensity of the country's GDP by the supply of primary energy resources as a result of structural and technical changes (reduction of industrial production and increasing the share of services in information technology, science and technology, lower primary energy supply GDP, modernization of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning technologies by reducing coal consumption). The scientific novelty of the study is to improve methods of analysis and forecasting of energy saving potential in industrial production of Ukraine. Improving the technical characteristics of industrial production will significantly reduce the share of coal and natural gas savings. In the sectoral context, the greatest potential for energy savings in industry is to modernize technologies for the supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning by reducing coal consumption. A significant share of potential energy saving technologies is made by the processing industry mainly due to the reduction of natural gas consumption at metallurgical enterprises. The practical significance of the study is determined by further development of appropriate management measures that can affect energy efficiency of Ukraine's industrial sector.

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Sung, Wen Pei, Tzai Tang Tsai, Hsien Jung Wang, and Ming Der Chen. "Improved Energy Performance of Air-Conditioning System Using Variable Primary Flow Chilled Water Systems in an Office Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1973–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1973.

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The main objective of this on-site study is to use a full-scale HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning) system installed in an office building in Taiwan for comparing the power consumption, energy-saving, and CO2reduction by variable primary flow (VPF) chilled water systems for controlling the HVAC. The on-site experimental results indicate that average power consumptions are 44,935 kWh for the constant volume (CV) chilled water systems, and 39,025 kWh for the VPF system. Approximately 19% of the maximum energy-saving rate can be achieved if the HVAC system is operated as a VPF system. Additionally, the reduced quantity of accumulated CO2emission varies from 0 to 44,186 kg with 0.623 kg-CO2kwh-1emission factor during the office hours of 08:00 (a.m.) to 20:00 (p.m.). The results demonstrate that switching the operation of an office building HVAC system from CV to VPF will significantly enhance energy savings and CO2reduction. This study is will offer useful information for evaluating an indoor environmental policy with respect to energy savings and CO2emission reduction for office HVACs used in subtropical regions.

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Petrikov, P., and N. Milovanov. "ENERGY-SAVING BUILDING INNOVATIONS AT THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY MARKET." National Association of Scientists 1, no. 72 (November 22, 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2021.1.72.481.

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The article focuses on the problems of using innovative renewable energy technologies, since these areas are the most promising in the structure of solving the issue of energy efficiency of buildings and structures. The growth in primary energy consumption, limited reserves of hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas), coupled with the growing anthropogenic pressure on the environment due to the use of coal as the main type of fuel, forced the world community to reconsider approaches to the energy security of their countries.

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Zhang, Cai Juan, Li Gang Wang, Ling Nan Wu, Tong Liu, Qiang Lu, and Chang Qing Dong. "Discussion of Energy Consumption Analysis Method on Energy System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1578.

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With the social rapid development, the earth's limited primary energy such as coal, oil, natural gas etc will be exhausted; energy problem has caused worldwide widespread attention. Therefore, under the development of renewable energy, without exception, each country is actively trying to explore the new theory and using energy-saving and technology to improve energy utilization ratio and reduce the energy consumption and the harm on environment. Scientific analysis of energy saving is an important link of digging energy saving potential, effective energy analysis method plays a pivotal role in implementing saving energy. This paper summarized several energy analysis methods on the basis of the first and second law of thermodynamics, introduced the most widely used enthalpy analysis method, entropy analysis, exergy analysis and exergy economic analysis which are based on the second law of thermodynamics, introduced emphatically the specific consumption analysis theory development with exergy analysis and exergy economic analysis.

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Haq, Muhammad Zia Ul, and Hafiz Miqdad Masood. "Performance enhancement of an industrial fire tube boiler." Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers 48, no. 1 (November 15, 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54693/piche.04815.

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An Industrial boiler is considered as highly energy intensive equipment. The primary objective of this study is to identify and quantify the potential losses of different energy sections of the fire tube boiler and its overall performance. Several energy saving measures such as combustion optimization, excess air control, control of flue gases temperature and effect of excessive or uncontrolled steam blow down optimization, on the overall performance of boiler are also applied. Energy as a result of energy saving measure has been determined as well. In present study, some main causes of energy wastages are summed up, by using a Energy Auditing. From the results of energy audit, the boilerâ€™s thermal energy efficiency and combustion efficiency are found to be 70.09% and 75.7% respectively. It was also observed that these losses can be reduced by controlling stack temperature, excess air and optimized blow down. There covered energy can be utilized to preheat the combustion air and feed water. Economic evaluation of energy saving measure resulted in annual fuel saving of 6.3 Million PKRs without any investment but only improving working methodologies. As a result of these efforts, the savings in terms of cost has also been determined.

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Tijani, Alhassan Salami, Nazri Mohammed, and Werner Witt. "Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant." Scientific Research Journal 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v9i2.5388.

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Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature ofwaste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses ofintegrating backpressure turbine ofa power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency ofthe primary fuel is calculated for different operating range ofthe heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperaturedifference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

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Tijani, Alhassan Salami, Nazri Mohammed, and Werner Witt. "Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant." Scientific Research Journal 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v9i2.9409.

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Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature of waste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses of integrating backpressure turbine of a power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency of the primary fuel is calculated for different operating range of the heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperature difference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

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Haraldsson, Joakim, and Maria T. Johansson. "Effects on primary energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and related costs from improving energy end-use efficiency in the electrolysis in primary aluminium production." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 7 (August 26, 2020): 1299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09893-1.

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Abstract Primary aluminium production is energy- and GHG-intensive in which electrolysis is by far the most energy- and GHG-intensive process. This paper’s aim is to study the effects on (1) primary energy use, (2) GHG emissions and (3) energy and CO2 costs when energy end-use efficiency measures are implemented in the electrolysis. Significant savings in final and primary energy use, GHG emissions and energy and CO2 costs can be achieved by implementing the studied measures. Vertical electrode cells and the combination of inert anodes and wettable cathodes are among the measures with the highest savings in all three areas (primary energy use, GHG emissions and energy and CO2 costs). Direct carbothermic reduction is one of the measures with the highest savings in primary energy use and energy and CO2 costs. For GHG emissions, direct carbothermic reduction is the more beneficial choice in regions with a high proportion of coal power, while inert anodes are the more beneficial choice in regions with a high proportion of low-carbon electricity. Although a company potentially can save more money by implementing the direct carbothermic reduction, the company should consider implementing the vertical electrode cells together with other energy-saving technologies since this would yield the largest GHG emission savings while providing similar cost savings as the direct carbothermic reduction. It may be necessary to impose a price on GHG emissions in order to make inert anodes cost-effective on their own, although further evaluations are needed in this regard. There is a potential to achieve carbon-neutrality in the reduction of aluminium oxide to pure aluminium.

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GAO, Han, Zhi-chun LEI, and Chang-hai LIN. "Energy-saving method for displays based on four primary colors." Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal and Displays 35, no. 12 (2020): 1248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/yjyxs20203512.1248.

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Кривда, Вікторія Ігорівна. "State estimation of energy saving on primary oil refining machines." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 1(25) (September 22, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2015.52018.

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Roslizar, Aiman, M. A. Alghoul, B. Bakhtyar, Nilofar Asim, and K. Sopian. "Annual Energy Usage Reduction and Cost Savings of a School: End-Use Energy Analysis." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/310539.

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Buildings are among the largest consumers of energy. Part of the energy is wasted due to the habits of users and equipment conditions. A solution to this problem is efficient energy usage. To this end, an energy audit can be conducted to assess the energy efficiency. This study aims to analyze the energy usage of a primary school and identify the potential energy reductions and cost savings. A preliminary audit was conducted, and several energy conservation measures were proposed. The energy conservation measures, with reference to the MS1525:2007 standard, were modelled to identify the potential energy reduction and cost savings. It was found that the school’s usage of electricity exceeded its need, incurring an excess expenditure of RM 2947.42. From the lighting system alone, it was found that there is a potential energy reduction of 5489.06 kWh, which gives a cost saving of RM 2282.52 via the improvement of lighting system design and its operating hours. Overall, it was found that there is a potential energy reduction and cost saving of 20.7% when the energy conservation measures are earnestly implemented. The previous energy intensity of the school was found to be 50.6 kWh/m2/year, but can theoretically be reduced to 40.19 kWh/mm2/year.

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Zublie, Muhammad Firdaus Mohd, Md Hasanuzzaman, and Nasrudin Abd Rahim. "Modeling, Energy Performance and Economic Analysis of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic System for Net Energy Metering Scheme in Malaysia." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 7, 2023): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020723.

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Energy is one of the essential inputs for modernization and social development. Energy demand is increasing, and the primary energy source is fossil fuels, which negatively impact the environment. Energy saving and renewables are the potential solutions which could minimize environmental impact. This paper investigates the energy-saving and solar photovoltaic energy potential of an educational institution, Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah (PSAS), Malaysia. The feasibility analysis was conducted by assuming that PSAS joined the Net Energy Metering (NEM 3.0) program, where PSAS, as a NEM consumer, has a tripartite supply agreement with renewable energy (SARE) with a distribution licensee known as Tenaga National Berhad (TNB). This paper focuses on zero capital expenditure (CAPEX) saving through a 20-year contract. This paper proposes a rooftop solar photovoltaic diagram using a NEM meter installed in the ring distribution system at PSAS. The estimated savings to be obtained by PSAS in the 20 years that the contract is in force are calculated based on the assumption that the installed solar system has a capacity of 688 kW. The maximum value of power generated by the system for a year is 990,720 kWh. The feasibility analysis found that the cumulative net savings estimate for PSAS based on the overall calculation for 21 years of solar use is RM 3,534,250. Meanwhile, the cumulative assessment of carbon emission reduction obtained in the same period is 14,559,760 kg CO2 or 14,559.76 tons of CO2, which would save 363,994 mature trees from being cut down.

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Tamašauskas, Rokas, Jolanta Šadauskienė, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, and Violeta Medelienė. "Analysis of Primary Energy Factors from Photovoltaic Systems for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB): A Case Study in Lithuania." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164099.

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Following a new climate and energy plan, the European Union (EU) gives big attention to energy savings. The overall assessment of energy saving measures is very important. Thus, it is crucial to estimate in a proper way the primary energy factor, which is used in calculations of primary energy consumption from renewable energy (RE) sources in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB). The conduced studies of the literature and national regulations showed that different methods to determine energy from photovoltaic (PV) systems are used. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the primary energy factors of energy from photovoltaics and determine the average value. To achieve this aim, the data of 30 photovoltaic systems from Lithuania were analyzed. The results show a 35% diversification in the values of non-renewable primary energy factor, depending on the PV systems’ capacities, with the average on a level of 1.038.

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Lin, Lin, Bing Xun Ren, and Dao Dian Lu. "The Natural Primary Type of Energy-Saving in Changangtang Ancient Village in Huadu District, Guangzhou." Advanced Materials Research 224 (April 2011): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.224.229.

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Taking Changangtang ancient village in Guangzhou as a case, this paper investigated the village location, the village layout, as well as building structures and building materials regarding their contributions to energy saving. It is found that the location and the surrounding of artificial river system form natural energy-saving environment, the overall layout of “comb pattern” complies to the local predominant wind direction in summer which go further in reducing the energy consumption in building, the courtyard enhances the ventilation and lighting, and the "Black brick with loam brick inside " form of material for wall, materials used for roofs, and dimensions of doors and windows all contribute to energy-saving.

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D.A., Darshan, Sumith L.V., K. Sowjanya Reddy, K. Rasagnya, and Trupti V. N. "A STUDY OF ENERGY FLOW AT AN ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION THROUGH ENERGY AUDIT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4RACEEE (April 30, 2017): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4raceee.2017.3339.

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This paper deals with the study of energy flow in a 220/ 66 kV substation. This study emphasizes on energy conservation by reducing power losses. Saving energy is the primary and overwhelming motivating factor for making energy improvements. Energy conservation can increase the environmental quality and higher the savings. Energy conservation lowers the energy costs by preventing future resource depletion (renewable energy source). Utilizing the electric power in the proper manner without wastage is the most important thing to consider. The main objectives are accumulating data at various energy points, identifying energy losses and critical junctions, enabling energy conservation and cost savings. Planning the use of electrical power in the most judicious way such that the usage as well as its wastage is minimized. For this purpose a energy management technique called energy audit is adopted. Energy auditing is required to determine the energy flows through various electrical installations such as feeders, transformers, substations in an electrical network system.

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Ye, Yunyang, Yan Chen, Jian Zhang, Zhihong Pang, Zheng O’Neill, Bing Dong, and Hwakong Cheng. "Energy-saving potential evaluation for primary schools with occupant-centric controls." Applied Energy 293 (July 2021): 116854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116854.

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Huang, Hangfei, Keping Li, and Paul Schonfeld. "Real-time energy-saving metro train rescheduling with primary delay identification." PLOS ONE 13, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): e0192792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192792.

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Emmi, Giuseppe, Angelo Zarrella, Marco Mariotti, and Michele De Carli. "Primary air treatment vs energy saving: comparison between different design solutions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 052001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/5/052001.

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Duan, Rui. "Study on Performance of Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.987.

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This paper introduce the working principle and classification of air source heat pump water heater. Thermodynamic calculation of the air source heat pump water heater is carried out, such as air source heat pump water heating coefficient, energy saving effect, and the cooling effect of the surrounding environment, and primary energy utilization of heating conditions of several forms. The primary energy utilization rate of air source heat pump water heater is the highest, and showing a good energy-saving.

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Трофимова, Tatyana Trofimova, Коржов, and Sergey Korzhov. "Resource saving tillage technologies." Forestry Engineering Journal 4, no. 1 (April 21, 2014): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3370.

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The basic ways of energy-saving methods of the basic soil cultivation in Central Chernozem Region are suggested. Reducing the depth of primary tillage, replacement of moldboard plowing for subsurface soil loosening, combination of several operations and methods in one working process by the use of combined units and wide-coverage units and module-block complexes, the use of "gentle" tillage technologies: lane, zero and others.

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Luo, Xue, Qin Yan, and Lu Gao. "Primary Study on Ventilate Design for Atrium as a Central Ecosystem." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2227.

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Natural ventilate is important way to save energy for Public building in the area which is hot in summer and cold in winter. Atrium supports natural ventilate and it is good for ventilate. Analysis on atrium through several ways of winded pressure ventilation heated pressure ventilation and mechanical ventilation. Then uses ventilate Design and Ground Source Heat Pump to find suitable methods for design. At last, there is conclusion on different ventilate strategy for day and night, the way to come true and ventilate strategic management of technology. The purpose is finding the suitable methods for Public building energy saving and provide basis for ventilate design for energy saving building.

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Yi, Yao, Guang Jian Chen, and Jin Ling Jia. "Research on Energy-Saving Control Technology of Boiler." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2603.

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Focusing on energy-saving issues of boiler, this paper finds out the combustion conditions inside boiler furnace by monitoring and analysis on oxygen content of flue gas, carbon content of fly ash, CO and CO2 contents. The intelligent control of boiler combustion was achieved and combustion efficiency was rosen. Using neural network controlling model, automatic optimization of oxygen delivery volume,coal delivery volume, the total wind pressure of primary air, the secondary air-door opening degree and furnace negative pressure were achieved, and the boiler efficiency increasing by 5 ~ 7%.

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Angrisani, Giovanni, Carlo Roselli, Maurizio Sasso, and Peter Tzscheutschler. "Experimental Assessment of Energy Performance and Emissions of a Residential Microcogenerator." Studies in Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (August 3, 2014): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v1i2.441.

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Microcogeneration can guarantee sensible primary energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions reductions in the residential sector. In this paper, the results of experimental tests carried out on a microcogenerator (5.5 kW electric power and 14.8 kW thermal power) based on a natural gas fuelled internal combustion engine, integrated with a condensing boiler, have been analyzed. Tests have been performed out at Institute for Energy Economy and Application Technology (IfE) of Technical University of Munich (Germany). The test facility allowed to simulate the thermal energy requirements of a real residential application, represented by a Multi Family House consisting of 10 apartments, and to evaluate the energy flows of the conversion devices in actual operating conditions. Four type days, characteristic of Mediterranean climatic conditions, have been used to define space heating and domestic hot water user’s requirements. Experimental tests have been performed to implement energy and environmental analysis, comparing the system consisting of cogenerator and integration boiler with a reference system. Results showed that the former can achieve a primary energy saving of about 6%, and CO2 equivalent emissions reduction of about 12%. Finally, the algorithm defined by the European Directive on the promotion of high efficiency cogeneration has been implemented; it demonstrated that the primary energy saving is well above the limit value prescribed by the Directive. Therefore the cogeneration plant can access support mechanisms that can help to achieve the economic feasibility of the system, besides energy and environmental benefits.

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Li, Wei, Ming Yuan Ma, and Hong Tu Zhang. "The Energy-Saving Management System Design of Major Projects in Implementation." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1739.

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The energy-saving management system of major projects in implementation has always been in a state of imperfect. On the basis of combining energy-saving management status of major projects in implementation, referring to the research results of the management mechanism design theory at home and abroad, this paper aims at the primary interest-related subjects of the major projects energy-saving, uses economic mechanism designing theory and incentive theory, designs the energy-saving management mechanism; It does the theoretical analysis of the government and major projects owner with the complete information dynamic game model, then, provides decision evidence for the government to formulate the rational management intensity and maximize the interests of all parties. At last, the paper provides the suggestions to solve the existing problems of major projects energy-saving management.

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Li, Yong Hua, Jun Wang, and Wei Ping Yan. "Emergy Analysis of Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction of Coal-Fired Generation." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.459.110.

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Coal-fired to generate electric power is the primary method in China and it occupies about 80% generation portions. Therefore, it is necessary to increase power generation efficiency and reduce related pollution in order to conserve energy and resources. In certain regions of China, energy saving oriented dispatch is under test, which only uses coal consumption rate for power supply as the indicator of energy saving. But coal consumption rate for power supply itself doesn’t show the whole picture of energy saving and emission reduction of coal combustion power plants. This paper selects the coal consumption for power supply, SO2 and NOx emission, EAF, net loss and water consumption as the energy-saving dispatching index, adopts emergy analysis method, carries the order integrate index, provides the reference for energy-saving dispatching.

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Du, Hongwang, Wei Liu, Xin Bian, and Wei Xiong. "Energy-Saving for Industrial Pneumatic Actuation Systems by Exhausted Air Reuse Based on a Constant Pressure Elastic Accumulator." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063535.

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Exhausted air reuse is one of the most important energy-saving methods for pneumatic actuation systems. However, traditional exhausted air storage tanks have the disadvantages of unstable pressure and low energy density. To solve these problems, this paper presents an energy-saving method by exhausted air reuse for industrial pneumatic actuation systems based on a constant pressure elastic accumulator. Employing the hyperelastic mechanical properties of rubber, a constant pressure energy storage accumulator is designed and applied to a pneumatic circuit for exhausted air recovery and energy saving. In the circuit, the accumulator recovers exhausted air from a primary cylinder and supplies it to another secondary cylinder. Then the secondary cylinder no longer needs air supply from the air compressor to achieve the purpose of energy saving. The energy-saving mathematical model of the circuit is established using air consumption, and the system operation test bed is built to verify the energy-saving efficiency. Results show that the maximum energy-saving efficiency of the system is 54.1% under given working conditions, and the stability of the cylinder can be improved.

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Lu, Yongfang, and Xiaofang Lu. "Predictive Control of an Intelligent Energy-saving Operation System Based on Deep Learning." Volume 30, Issue 2 30, no. 2 (July 17, 2023): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20532/cit.2022.1005525.

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An intelligent energy-saving operation system is a high-tech product specifically designed to transform the air conditioning systems, motor systems, and lighting systems, to reduce energy consumption. The concentration of equipment distribution within these systems leads to a strong coupling relationship between them. By conducting an overall energy efficiency prediction, the intelligent energy-saving operation system can fully explore its energy-saving potential. The existing research methods for the online control process of intelligent energy-saving operation systems are not accurate enough to predict energy-saving operations when numerous devices are involved. Consequently, this article focuses on studying the predictive control of an intelligent energy-saving operation system using deep learning techniques. The Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) network is selected to describe the energy consumption of the system. The Beetle Antennae search algorithm is then employed to iteratively optimize the smoothing factor of the model, eliminating the need to rely on experiential parameter determination and enhancing the predictive performance of the model. For the predictive control of the intelligent energy-saving operation system, the optimized GRNN network model serves as the prediction model. The primary control objective is to minimize energy consumption while maintaining a unified carrying capacity, thus achieving intelligent energy-saving effects. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the model.

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Mungtavesinsuk, Foengfurad, Hung Wen Lin, and Kris Wonggasem. "Textile Factory Energy-Efficiency Improvement in Thailand." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.641.

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The textile industry plays a very important role and this industry is one of the most complicated manufacturing industries. All producing machine occupies almost 50% energy end-use. Hence, improving energy efficiency should be a primary concern for textile factory. This study aims to energy efficiency verification in Thailand textile factory. By real-time data collection for all equipment in factory, and use simulation tool to analyze whole year energy end-use, some of useful improvement strategies and energy saving percentage could be knew. Via change the subsystems, like lighting and insulation material for example, the total energy saving could at least to 10% with 2 years payback time. It will be a good start doing energy saving in textile industry in Thailand.

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Lv, Chun. "Status and Development Trend of Energy-Saving Wall Materials in Cold Areas." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.630.

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The primary factor in reducing building energy consumption is the wall energy, but thickening the walls simply and using traditional materials to reduce energy consumption has become unable to satisfy the development trend at the present stage. Energy-saving wall materials include organic wall insulation, inorganic wall insulation and composite wall insulation. According to the construction technology, insulation wall can be divided into internal insulation wall, sandwich insulation wall and external insulation wall etc.. Polyurethane foam and other new energy-saving materials are widely used, whicth will become the main energy-saving materials in the northern cold areas.

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Zerinou, Ioanna, Evangelia Karasmanaki, Konstantinos Ioannou, Veronika Andrea, and Georgios Tsantopoulos. "Energy Saving: Views and Attitudes among Primary School Students and Their Parents." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 6206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156206.

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The ongoing economic development and prosperity have led not only to the exhaustion of the planet’s natural resources but also to numerous environmental problems. To address these problems, it is necessary that more individuals adopt energy saving practices while promoting alternative energy sources. In other words, future generations ought to adopt behaviors that will involve the sustainable management of energy. To that end, sustainable education can create citizens who not only have knowledge and awareness about the environment and the severe environmental issues but are also willing to take action to address these issues. Hence, the aim of the present study is to investigate the environmental attitudes and behaviors among primary school students and their parents in the municipality of Orestiada, in Greece. To achieve this objective, a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions was used. Results showed that both students and parents had adequate levels of environmental awareness while their beliefs were translated into actual behaviors as they had adopted, to a significant extent, energy saving habits and practices.

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Li, Yong Hua, Jun Wang, and Wei Ping Yan. "The Integrated Evaluation Index of Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction Generation Dispatching." Advanced Materials Research 382 (November 2011): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.56.

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In China, coal combustion to generate electric power is the primary method, the energy-saving and emission reduction is the urgent task. At present, the energy-saving dispatching trial method in some area evaluates energy-saving and emission reduction of coal combustion power generation according to power supply coal consumption rate only. But the power supply coal consumption rate can’t reflect the energy-saving and emission reduction effect of coal combustion power plant overall. For example, the same coal combustion unit, the coal consumption rate is difference when desulfuration system is operating or not; the coal consumption rate of the unit with SCR will be increased; the coal consumption rate of the air-cooled unit is higher than water-cooled unit; etc.. This paper considers synthetically coal consumption rate, pollution emission, water resource wastage, etc., establishes a integrated evaluation system, adopts factor analysis method, gets the integrated evaluation system and index of energy-saving and emission reduction of coal combustion power generation, evaluates energy-saving and emission reduction effect of 5 power plants reasonable. The results show that the index can reflect the energy-saving and emission reduction level of coal combustion power generation.

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Corigliano, O., G. De Lorenzo, and P. Fragiacomo. "Techno-energy-economic sensitivity analysis of hybrid system Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine." AIMS Energy 9, no. 5 (2021): 934–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2021044.

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<abstract> The paper presents a wide and deep analysis of the techno-energy and economic performance of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine hybrid system fed by gas at different compositions of H2, CO, H2O, CO2, CH4, and N2. The layout of the system accounts for pressurizing of entering fluids, heat up to the set Solid Oxide Fuel Cell inlet conditions, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell thermo-electrochemical processing, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell—exhaust fluids combustion, turbo-expansion after heat up, and final recovery unit for cogeneration purposes. An ad hoc numerical modeling is developed and then run in a Matlab calculation environment. The influence on the system is evaluated by investigating the change of the fuel composition, and by managing the main operating parameters such as pressure and the fuel utilization factor. The analysis reports on the specific mass flowrates necessary to the purpose required, by assessing the SOFC outlet molar compositions, specific energies (work) at main system elements, specific thermal energies at main system elements, energy and technical performance for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell energy unit; the performance such as electric and thermal efficiency, temperatures at main system elements. A final sensitivity analysis on the performance, Levelized Cost of Energy and Primary Energy Saving, is made for completion. The first simulation campaign is carried out on a variable anodic mixture composed of H2, CO, H2O, considering the H2/CO ratio variable within the range 0.5-14, and H2O molar fraction variable in the range 0.1-0.4; used to approach a possible syngas in which they are significantly high compared to other possible compounds. While other simulation campaigns are conducted on real syngases, produced by biomass gasification. The overall Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine system showed a very promising electric efficiency, ranging from 53 to 63%, a thermal efficiency of about 37%, an LCOE ranging from 0.09 to 0.14 ＄·kWh-1, and a Primary Energy Saving in the range of 33-52%, which resulted to be highly affected by the H2/CO ratio. Also, real syngases at high H2/CO ratio are noticed as the highest quality, revealing electric efficiency higher than 60%. Syngases with methane presence also revealed good performance, according to the fuel processing of methane itself to hydrogen. Low-quality syngases revealed electric efficiencies of about 51%. Levelized Cost of Energy varied from 0.09 (for high-quality gas) to 0.19 (for low-quality gas) ＄·kWh-1, while Primary Energy Saving ranged from 44 to 52%. </abstract>

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Bahij, Azmi Al, Nadiroh Nadiroh, Sihadi Sihadi, and Fikri Amrullah. "Analisis Pengaruh Literasi Energi Terhadap Hemat Energi Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar." Edukasi: Jurnal Penelitian dan Artikel Pendidikan 12, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/edukasi.v12i1.3401.

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Era of globalization is making energy as a source of primary needs. The condition of meeting Indonesia's energy needs is still dominated by fossil energy and the use of renewable energy up to now has not been able to go according to plan. Government policies and programs on energy conservation aim to use energy efficiently. These efforts can be done through energy saving equipment and energy saving behavior. This study aims to determine the effect of energy literacy on energy saving behavior. This research was conducted at Peninggilan 02 Public Elementary School in October. The total population of the study was 121 students and the study sample used was 121 students. The method used is quantitative survey. Retrieval of data in this study using a questionnaire. The results of this study obtained an R square value of 0.243 or KD = 0.243 X100% = 24.3%. This can be interpreted that Energy Literacy has an effect of 24.3% on Energy Saving Behavior. While 75.7% is influenced by other variables that influence the energy saving behavior.

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Liu, Jian Long, Hai Ping Zhang, Han Qing Wang, and Xiao Qian Xia. "Applicability Research of Germany “Passive Housing” Technology in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Area in China." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1528.

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Passive housing is a combination of technological products which base on building energy saving concept, and it makes full use of solar energy, geothermal energy and other renewable energy to reduce the consumption of primary energy used in heating to 15 kw/h·m2·y, however, the energy consumption in low-energy house, which has equipped with various kinds of energy saving technologies, is about 30-75 kw/h·m2·y, thus, passive house has a better performance in energy saving than low-energy house. Energy saving technologies suitable for passive house and low-energy house in hot summer and cold winter area are proposed in this paper through introducing the contribution Germany has made and development of technology in passive housing, using its advanced technologies and practical experience ins passive house as reference and taking Chinese unique climate condition, building types and residents living habits into account.

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Li, Jingyun, and Hong Zhao. "Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Assessments of an Integrated Energy System Based on Fuel, Wind and Solar Energies." Entropy 23, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23040431.

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The integrated energy system (IES) is an efficient method for improving the utilization of renewable energy. This paper proposes an IES based on fuel, wind and solar energies, following an optimization study focused on determining optimal device capacities. The study included gas turbines, wind turbines, solar photovoltaic panels, ground source heat pumps, absorption chillers/heaters, batteries, and thermal storage. Objectives were incorporated into the optimization model for the overall performance of the IES; these included the primary energy saving rate, annual cost-saving rate, and carbon dioxide emission reduction. Then, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II was employed to solve the optimization problem for multiple objectives. Ultimately, the verification and sensitivity analyses of the optimization method were achieved by a case study of hospital buildings in Harbin. The optimization results indicated a primary energy saving rate, annual cost saving rate, and carbon dioxide emission reduction rate of 17.3%, 39.8%, and 53.8%, respectively. The total installed capacity for renewable energy generation accounted for 64.5% of performance optimization. Moreover, the price of natural gas affected the economic indicators of the IES–but failed to impact energy consumption indicators.

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Cappiello, Francesco Liberato, Luca Cimmino, Marialuisa Napolitano, and Maria Vicidomini. "Thermoeconomic Analysis of Biomethane Production Plants: A Dynamic Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105744.

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This work analyses the two most diffused technologies for biogas upgrading, namely water scrubbing and membrane separation. In order to carry out such analysis, these two technologies are coupled with photovoltaic panels and an electric energy storage system. The optimal water scrubbing renewable plant achieves a primary energy saving of 5.22 GWh/year and an operating cost saving of 488 k€/year, resulting in the best plant. It was compared to a reference system based on a cogenerator unit, directly supplied by biogas, producing thermal and electric energy, and delivered to the district heating network and to the electric grid. The profitability of both plants depends on the electric energy and biomethane exporting price. The proposed bigas upgrading plant achieves a payback period lower than 10 years with a biomethane selling price greater than 0.55 €/Sm3 and a primary energy saving index around 25–30% with a null share of thermal energy exported by the cogeneration plant.

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Maqbool, Gulshan, and Zulqarnain Haider. "The Impact of Individual Behavior on Household Energy Saving." Journal of Economic Impact 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei3012105.

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Energy-saving behaviors are defined as the daily and habitual practices of households that focus on specific reductions in energy use. The main objective of this research was to estimate the impact of the energy-saving behavior of individuals on energy demand and to estimate the impact of factors affections the adoption of energy-saving techniques. The study is based on primary data which is collected through questionnaires. The data were collected from rural and urban households in four tehsils of district Sargodha, Pakistan. The Ordinary Least Square technique was to describe the relationship between electricity consumption and different explanatory variables such as gender, age, region, family members, dwelling area, income, energy consumption awareness, external influencing factors, and household saving behavior. Job status is negative and significant, qualification variable in this study is insignificant, marital status is negatively associated with energy consumption and significant, size of a household has a significant effect on the model. The monthly income of the household head has a positive and significant effect. Energy consumption awareness is significantly negative. External influencing factors are insignificant. Saving behavior in electronic appliances is significantly negative to energy consumption. Government should put efforts to aware the public about energy-saving measures through an awareness campaign using electronic media like mobile and email. Energy-saving appliances should be a sale at cheap prices. The household should have to change its habitual behavior.

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Harsritanto, Bangun Indrakusumo Radityo, Satrio Nugroho, Favian Dewanta, and Aditya Rio Prabowo. "Mosque design strategy for energy and water saving." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0070.

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Abstract The built environment plays an essential role as a climate change agent. Natural resource exploitation, energy consumptions, and waste management need to be built for more environment-friendly. The Mosque is a religious building built in every space on earth since a quarter of the world population is Muslim. This situation brought an urgency for making Mosques more sustainable and friendly to the natural environment. Carrying these facts, this study aimed to suggest a design strategy for making a sustainable mosque. Through a collaboration of passive design strategy, present technologies work of literature, and a study case, this study shortlisted primary design strategies in (1) building layouts, (2) lighting strategy, (3) HVAC strategy, (4) water conservation strategy, and (5) IT strategy. By keeping these major design strategies, Mosques can be made more environmentally sustainable. Several design recommendations are suggested in each major design strategy that may bring help for making sustainable Mosque on every space on this earth.

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Du, Yi, Qing Xin Chen, and Jian Wei Chen. "Investigation and Implementation of Environmental Protection and Energy Saving." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3271.

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Abstract. Xinjin technology group company is to provide professional electronics manufacturing services ( EMS ) Company. The main business is the assembly of PCB and small electronic products and packaging They are the main problem facing the enterprise that global oversupplies in the market, which includes cost saving, protection of the environment and improve efficiency.There are three primary aspects in this paper. They are electric circuit capacitance compensation, tin slag recycling and type U reconfigurable production line. They were to take the new technology, new production process to replace outdated., Profits were improved through these reform measures.

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Turski, Michał. "Eco-development aspect in modernization of industrial system." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400181.

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In financing mechanism of National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management it is necessary to achieve energy savings of at least 20%. However, not always achieving such energy savings means an increase in economic and ecological efficiency. Therefore, the article presents possibilities of investment leading to energy savings, reducing consumption of primary energy contained in the fuel by increasing production efficiency and reducing energy losses directly in the source. This solution will allow to keep economic and ecological savings. Proposed solutions are crucial for the implementation of investment. The improvements proposed in the article, if they have not been implemented so far, should give significant effects in all cases. The study was conducted for the medium-sized Polish company. The company can be considered as representative of food processing industry. The study was conducted on basis of energy efficiency auditing. Based on the obtained results it can be stated that the use of cogeneration, heat recovery and alternative methods of cooling at an appropriate balancing may allow the average annual primary energy saving of 563 toe/year and the reduction in CO2 emissions by 2,413 t/year. Thus achieved energy efficiency index may reach approx. 20%, eco-efficiency index may reach approx. 40% and economic efficiency index may reach approx. 30%.

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Xie, Fuyou, Yanhui Ren, Ning Wang, Ligang Xue, and Houyu Wei. "Operation control and optimization of high efficiency hot primary air temperature adjustment device." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1171, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1171/1/012023.

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Abstract Aiming at the problems existing in the control logic of the current hot primary air temperature adjustment device, such as adjustment lag, poor adjustment quality, deviation of the pulverizing system operation from the normative value and insufficient energy-saving effect in the adjustment process, a standard-based calculation method was proposed. It is a logical optimization scheme that dynamically adapts to the moisture content of raw coal and the coal volume of the pulverized. It has the advantages of faster adjustment speed, high system energy saving effect, and ensures the standard operation of the coal mill.

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Sannino, Raniero. "Thermal Loads Map and Overall Energy Analysis Depending on Low-Effort Parameters Change: A Commercial Building Case Study." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 19, 2023): 6899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086899.

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Starting from the second half of 2022, the energy market, in particular, the European natural gas supply, passed through an eventful period. The sanctions imposed on Russia because of the Ukrainian war rearranged the steadiness of the natural gas suppliers to the continent, and major concerns arose regarding the reduction in primary energy consumption, particularly for heating and cooling purposes. This study proposes a method for mapping the heating and cooling loads of a building as a function of effortlessly changeable boundary conditions (i.e., heating/cooling temperature set-point, infiltration rate and work shift); the simulation of the building thermal loads as well as the final and primary energy estimation was carried out with DesignBuilder, an Energyplus-based software, with a dynamic calculation approach. Thermal load maps provide an immediate picture of the achievable energy savings and represents an effective tool for energy monitoring; in addition, the maps can support energy managers and policymakers for rapidly complying with unexpected scenarios. The mapping method has been applied to a non-residential building and the results showed that energy savings up to 40% could be reached, ensuring an adequate indoor thermal comfort. Finally, the final and primary energy analysis showed the benefit of switching from fossil fuel boilers to electric heat pumps for space heating due to a minimum primary energy saving of 70%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PRIMARY ENERGY SAVING'

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