Relevant bibliographies by topics / Primacy and recency

Academic literature on the topic 'Primacy and recency'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Primacy and recency"

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Daniel, Thomas A., and Jeffrey S. Katz. "Primacy and recency effects for taste." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 44, no. 3 (March 2018): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000437.

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Gupta, Prahlad. "Primacy and recency in nonword repetition." Memory 13, no. 3-4 (March 2005): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210344000350.

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Fischer, P., P. Kendler, and G. Goldenberg. "Recency-primacy recognition in Parkinson's disease." Journal of Neural Transmission - Parkinson's Disease and Dementia Section 2, no. 1 (March 1990): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02251247.

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Korsnes, Maria Stylianou. "Retention Intervals and Serial List Memory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3 (June 1995): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.723.

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Pictorial stimuli were presented in serial lists and tested for recognition. 11 men and 9 women participated at retention intervals of 5, 15, and 25 sec. The length of retention interval interacted with primacy and recency effects as observed in earlier studies of abstract stimuli, indicating similar basic memory functions for different types of visual stimuli. A shift from recency to primacy dominance remained despite the likelihood of verbal rehearsal. At short retention intervals a recency effect predominated and with longer delays a primacy effect predominated recognition.
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Murphy, Jamie, Charles Hofacker, and Richard Mizerski. "Primacy and Recency Effects on Clicking Behavior." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11, no. 2 (January 2006): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00025.x.

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Castro, Carl A., and Thomas Larsen. "Primacy and recency effects in nonhuman primates." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 18, no. 4 (1992): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.18.4.335.

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Lipatova, Olga, Daniel S. Wheeler, Miguel A. Vadillo, and Ralph R. Miller. "Recency-to-primacy shift in cue competition." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 32, no. 4 (2006): 396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.32.4.396.

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PETRINSKI, Gerasim. "ARGUMENTATIVE ASPECTS OF THE PRIMACY AND RECENCY EFFECTS: A RETURN TO CLASSICAL RHETORIC." İmgelem 6, no. 10 (July 15, 2022): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53791/imgelem.1092432.

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The goal of this article is to examine and present the rhetorical applications of two important processes affecting human communication – the primacy effect and the recency effect. They are determined by two major factors – the time period by which are separated the messages, and the time that has the audience at its disposal to make decision and/or to judge upon the orator’s claim. Different models are proposed for intensification of these effects by expanding or reducing the length of the speech on three main levels – the order of delivering the speeches, the order of presenting the information, and the structure of the argument.
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Caballero, Adrián, and Raúl López-Pérez. "Heterogeneous primacy and recency effects in frequency estimation." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 200 (August 2022): 182–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.05.004.

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Duffy, Sean, and L. Elizabeth Crawford. "Primacy or recency effects in forming inductive categories." Memory & Cognition 36, no. 3 (April 2008): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/mc.36.3.567.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primacy and recency"

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Bayley, Peter Joseph. "Serial position effects in Alzheimer's disease and a related animal model." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325468.

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Tan, Lydia H. T. "Serial position effects in free recall." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327061.

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Kerr, June R. "The recency to primacy shift : an experimental investigation of serial position curves in visual memory." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265027.

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Ervamaa, Mekahal Iina. "Seriepositionseffekt vid Alzheimers sjukdom och lindrig kognitiv störning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97991.

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I verbala minnestester brukar friska individer komma ihåg flera ord från början och från slutet av ordlistan (primacy- och recency-effekt) än från mitten av den. Detta fenomen kallas för seriepositionseffekt. Recency-effekten anses bero på arbetsminnet, medan episodiska minnet ansvarar för primacy-effekten. Svårigheter med episodiska minnet är ofta det första symtomet vid begynnande Alzheimers sjukdom. Femtiosju testprotokoll av Rey AVLT varav en tredjedel kom från patienter med Alzheimers sjukdom, en tredjedel från personer med diagnosen lindrig kognitiv störning och en tredjedel från friska kontrollpersoner, undersöktes med flera poängsättningsmetoder baserade på seriepositionseffekten, för att se om någon metod skapade tydligare skillnader mellan diagnosgrupperna än den sedvanliga poängsättningen. Resultatet av alternativa poängsättningsmetoder skilde sig överlag mindre än förväntat från den sedvanliga poängsättningen. Enbart primacy gav tydligt sämre resultat, medan metoder som ger poäng för alla ord förutom recency gav i vissa fall något bättre resultat än den sedvanliga poängsättningen.
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Sereevinyayut, Piya. "On estimate aggregation : studies of how decision makers aggregate quantitative estimates in three different cases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125062.

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This dissertation examines how people aggregate quantitative advices to reach their own estimates. Each chapter explores a different situation that could affect how advices are evaluated, and consequentially how advices will be combined. The first chapter demonstrates that people measure advices' extremity degrees by anhoring upon the advice set's median. It also shows that, unlike multiplicative scaling, additive scaling of advices affects how outliers are perceived. The second chapter deals with advices that are obtained serially. The results reveals that whether people execute the aggregation sequentially or only once at the end of the series affects how an outlier in the series is detected and combined. The third chapter studies how people revise their own estimates with advices of others, and finds that people revise more if they appear a dissensus. Consequentially having multiple advices can attenuate of the effect of egocentricity and improve accuracy of revisions compared to having only a single advice
Aquesta tesi estudia com les persones agreguen consells quantitatius per arribar a les seves pròpies estimacions. Cada capítol explora una situació diferent que podria afectar com s'avaluen els consells, i en conseqüència com es combinen aquests consells. El primer capítol demostra que les persones mesuren els graus extrems dels consells per ancoratge a la mediana del conjunt de consells. També es mostra que, en comptes d’una escala multiplicadora,l’ escala additiva dels consells afecta a com es perceben els valors atípics. El segon capítol tracta de consells que s'obtenen en sèrie. Els resultats revelen que si les persones executen l'agregació seqüencialment o només una vegada al final de la sèrie, afecta a com es detecten i es combinen els valors atípics en la sèrie. El tercer capítol estudia com les persones revisen les seves estimacions a partir consells dels altres, i es troba que les persones revisen més si es troben en un dissens. Conseqüentment, tenir consells múltiples pot atenuar l'efecte d'egocentrisme i millorar la precisió de les revisions si es compara en tenir només un únic consell.
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Browncross, Helen Anna. "The role of the primate frontopolar cortex in mnemonic and choice behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2807879b-e535-474c-b884-fa4c3c5296ab.

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The role of the primate frontopolar cortex (FPC) has been investigated using human neuroimaging, lesion and disruption techniques. The results of these investigations have led to a variety of theories regarding the function of this region. It has been linked to the formation of task sets, the performance of multiple tasks, reasoning, context-specific memory (including episodic memory, prospective memory and source memory), attention to internally or externally generated information, mentalising and decision-making. It has not previously been possible to study this area using animal lesion techniques. Here, behavioural experiments conducted using non-human primates (rhesus macaque monkeys) who have received lesions to the frontal pole investigate the contribution of this region to context-specific memory, decision-making and social cognition. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to investigate changes in functional network connectivity which occur after lesions to this region. A long-lasting impairment is observed in contextual memory judgements (specifically, how recently a stimulus was encountered) after lesions to the frontal pole. An analysis of the influence of the outcomes of previous choices on behaviour on an analogue to the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) indicate that monkeys with lesions to area 10 may be less influenced by the outcomes of an extended history of rewards than control animals. Long-lasting widespread disruption to functional networks after lesions to this region indicate that indirect anatomical connections from this region to posterior areas play a crucial role in the normal functioning of posterior networks.
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Wang, Deli, Rayan Saab, Ozgur Yilmaz, and Felix J. Herrmann. "Recent results in curvelet-based primary-multiple separation: application to real data." Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/565.

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In this abstract, we present a nonlinear curvelet-based sparsitypromoting formulation for the primary-multiple separation problem. We show that these coherent signal components can be separated robustly by explicitly exploting the locality of curvelets in phase space (space-spatial frequency plane) and their ability to compress data volumes that contain wavefronts. This work is an extension of earlier results and the presented algorithms are shown to be stable under noise and moderately erroneous multiple predictions.
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Cresdee, Michelle. "Dealing with curriculum change: how teachers perceive recent curriculum changes and the strategies they employ to cope with such change." Thesis, Cresdee, Michelle (2002) Dealing with curriculum change: how teachers perceive recent curriculum changes and the strategies they employ to cope with such change. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/30/.

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The current study attempted to identify conditions that affect the manner in which Western Australian primary school teachers perceive recent curriculum changes; the types of support they access; and the relative usefulness of this support. Based on preliminary findings in the first phase of this study and the research literature it was expected that teacher self-efficacy, teacher characteristics such as age and years of teaching, and school context such as the level of 'innovativeness' would prove to be influential in the process of implementing new initiatives. A model expressing the relationships between these concepts was developed and evaluated in the second phase of this study. This study is important for two reasons. It focused on Western Australian primary school teachers, whereas most previous research focused on high school teachers, and it explored ways to help teachers deal with future changes instead of simply identifying their responses to changes. It is therefore hoped that the education system will be more informed and better able to provide appropriate support for teachers when faced with future reforms. The study was conducted in two parts. The purpose of phase one was to become familiar with the current circumstances of teachers in relation to curriculum change. By focusing on the attitudes and behaviours of teachers from 'innovative' schools it was thought more could be learned than in schools that maintain the status quo. Qualitative methods of semi-structured interviews, informal observations and the analysis of websites and school documents were utilised throughout this phase. The second phase of the study employed a quantitative approach, based on the findings of the first phase, specifically a process of questionnaire construction and distribution throughout the defined population. A number of cautious conclusions have been made within the limits of this study. Firstly, the most useful type of professional development for teachers involves teachers interacting with each other. Teachers need time to discuss issues and share their successes. However, Action Research as a means of professional development is currently under utilised. It was discovered that most teachers were positive towards curriculum change, yet an overwhelming workload has proved a formidable barrier to new initiatives. In addition, most teachers will modify initiatives to meet the needs of their students and to fit in with their existing orientations. Consequently, school structures need to become more flexible to encourage teachers to engage in innovative practices. Interestingly, the self-efficacy of a teacher influences the way they perceive and cope with curriculum change, however teacher characteristics, such as age and the number of years teaching, did not yield substantially different results when teachers were categorised along these dimensions. School context, as defined by the level of 'innovativeness', did produce differential results in terms of teacher attitudes and responses to curriculum change, and the type of professional development accessed. Finally, schools may need to involve parents and the wider school community in the school level decision-making processes if they truly are to become ' learning communities'.
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Cresdee, Michelle. "Dealing with curriculum change : how teachers perceive recent curriculum changes and the strategies they employ to cope with such change /." Cresdee, Michelle (2002) Dealing with curriculum change: how teachers perceive recent curriculum changes and the strategies they employ to cope with such change. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/30/.

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The current study attempted to identify conditions that affect the manner in which Western Australian primary school teachers perceive recent curriculum changes; the types of support they access; and the relative usefulness of this support. Based on preliminary findings in the first phase of this study and the research literature it was expected that teacher self-efficacy, teacher characteristics such as age and years of teaching, and school context such as the level of 'innovativeness' would prove to be influential in the process of implementing new initiatives. A model expressing the relationships between these concepts was developed and evaluated in the second phase of this study. This study is important for two reasons. It focused on Western Australian primary school teachers, whereas most previous research focused on high school teachers, and it explored ways to help teachers deal with future changes instead of simply identifying their responses to changes. It is therefore hoped that the education system will be more informed and better able to provide appropriate support for teachers when faced with future reforms. The study was conducted in two parts. The purpose of phase one was to become familiar with the current circumstances of teachers in relation to curriculum change. By focusing on the attitudes and behaviours of teachers from 'innovative' schools it was thought more could be learned than in schools that maintain the status quo. Qualitative methods of semi-structured interviews, informal observations and the analysis of websites and school documents were utilised throughout this phase. The second phase of the study employed a quantitative approach, based on the findings of the first phase, specifically a process of questionnaire construction and distribution throughout the defined population. A number of cautious conclusions have been made within the limits of this study. Firstly, the most useful type of professional development for teachers involves teachers interacting with each other. Teachers need time to discuss issues and share their successes. However, Action Research as a means of professional development is currently under utilised. It was discovered that most teachers were positive towards curriculum change, yet an overwhelming workload has proved a formidable barrier to new initiatives. In addition, most teachers will modify initiatives to meet the needs of their students and to fit in with their existing orientations. Consequently, school structures need to become more flexible to encourage teachers to engage in innovative practices. Interestingly, the self-efficacy of a teacher influences the way they perceive and cope with curriculum change, however teacher characteristics, such as age and the number of years teaching, did not yield substantially different results when teachers were categorised along these dimensions. School context, as defined by the level of 'innovativeness', did produce differential results in terms of teacher attitudes and responses to curriculum change, and the type of professional development accessed. Finally, schools may need to involve parents and the wider school community in the school level decision-making processes if they truly are to become ' learning communities'.
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DESSOY, Edgar Santos Medeiros. "Programa do Biodiesel no Estado de Pernambuco: situação recente e perspectivas das matérias-primas." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4500.

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Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-05-23T15:49:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edgar Santos Medeiros Dessoy.pdf: 2007272 bytes, checksum: c8a3c1b553eeef1524774da399741612 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-23T15:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edgar Santos Medeiros Dessoy.pdf: 2007272 bytes, checksum: c8a3c1b553eeef1524774da399741612 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24
The Biofuel Use and Production National Program (PNPB) is a public policy that comprises the energy area, based on three main topics: social, economical and environmental. The social part was always a direct concern to Northeast, were it was opted for the castor oil plant culture, that could assist the family agriculture and the social inclusion, based on a study of BNB. The castor oil plant was chosen and it generated a lot of expectation in the Northeast area because it was the hope to remove millions of people from poverty. The present work aims to analyze the biofuel production, starting from the family agriculture, and to verify its difficulties, such as the cultivation of the raw materials. It also shows the lack of diversification of the cultures, of technical support, and a still rudimentary agriculture. The work focuses in the productive system and the commercial organization form as essential for the success of the program. Descriptive research was the used methodology, using the static-comparative method. It tries to understand why the oleaginous plants don't give the satisfactory answers in production and productivity. The relationship of price, cost and income was verified; as well as the reasons why the family agricultures have low productive and commercial organization capacity. In the analysis of the study, the PNPB is evaluated, always comparing the regional numbers with Pernambuco’s. The program is analyzed starting from established goals for the raw materials, especially to the castor oil plant. It verifies what was accomplished already and the present situation. Finally, raw materials options, that could be used in the state were suggested.
O Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel (PNPB) é uma política pública que atende à área energética, amparada em três vertentes: social, econômica e ambiental. A parte social sempre foi a preocupação direcionada ao Nordeste, onde se optou pela mamona, uma cultura que pudesse atender à agricultura familiar e à inclusão social, tendo por base um estudo do BNB. A mamona foi escolhida e gerou muita expectativa na região porque era a esperança para ajudar a retirar muitas pessoas da miséria. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a produção de biodiesel a partir da agricultura familiar e verificar suas dificuldades, tais como o cultivo das matérias-primas, a falta de diversificação de culturas, a carência de assistência técnica, e uma agricultura ainda rudimentar. O trabalho enfoca o sistema produtivo e a forma de organização comercial como essenciais para o sucesso do Programa. A metodologia utilizada é a de pesquisa descritiva, utilizando o método estático-comparativo. Procura-se entender por que as oleaginosas não dão as respostas satisfatórias em produção e produtividade; verifica-se a relação de preço, custo e a renda, bem como os motivos pelos quais os agricultores familiares têm baixa capacidade de organização produtiva e comercial. Na análise do estudo, avalia-se o PNPB sempre comparando os números regionais com os do estado de Pernambuco. O Programa foi analisado a partir de metas estabelecidas para as matérias-primas, em especial à mamona. Verificou-se o que já foi realizado e a situação presente. Finalmente, opções de matérias-primas que podem ser aproveitadas no estado foram sugeridas.
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Books on the topic "Primacy and recency"

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Paul, Nancy Ruth. Strength of the primacy-recency effect vs. the emotional features of words in serial learning. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1991.

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Eastern Health and Social Services Board, Northern Ireland. Recent initiatives in primary care. Belfast: The Board, 1998.

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Societat Andorrana de Ciències. Jornades. El petit hospital i el metge de capçalera: Recerca, docència, assistència. Andorra: Societat Andorrana de Ciències, 1993.

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Govier, Heather. Microcomputers in primary education: A survey of recent research. Lancaster: ESRC-ITE Programme, Department ofPsychology, University of Lancaster, 1988.

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Glasgow, Rhonda. Life in the recent past: Lisa looks back. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1994.

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Kulm, Gerald. Counting and early arithmetic learning: Learning activities and implications from recent cognitive research. Washington, D.C: National Institute of Education, 1985.

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U, Gisi, Chet Ilan 1939-, and Gullino, M. Lodovica (Maria Lodovica), eds. Recent developments in management of plant diseases. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.

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National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales. Issues in primary education: Recent research : proceedings ofthe 1988 NFER Members' Conference. Slough: NFER, 1988.

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Kulm, Gerald. Learning to add and subtract: Learning activities and implications from recent cognitive research. Washington, D.C: National Institute of Education, 1985.

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Nicholson, Tom. At the cutting edge: Recent research on learning to read and spell. Wellington, N.Z: New Zealand Council for Educational Research, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Primacy and recency"

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Wright, Anthony A. "List Memory Effects (Primacy and Recency)." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1103-1.

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Wright, Anthony A. "List Memory Effects (Primacy and Recency)." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 3975–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1103.

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Peasley, Michael, Parker Woodroof, and Joshua T. Coleman. "Examining Primacy and Recency Effects in Hypocritical CSR News: An Abstract." In Marketing Opportunities and Challenges in a Changing Global Marketplace, 507–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39165-2_207.

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Li, Cong. "Primacy Effect or Recency Effect? A Long-Term Memory Test of the 2006 Super Bowl Commercials." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11806-2_4.

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Moore, Allan F., and Remy Martin. "Recent Rock." In Rock: The Primary Text, 209–40. 3rd edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Ashgate popular and folk music series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429490170-7.

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Bertocci, Peter A. "Can Primary Emotions Be Primary Motives?" In Recent Research in Psychology, 165–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3914-7_6.

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Bertocci, Peter A. "Primary Emotion: Zest." In Recent Research in Psychology, 279–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3914-7_10.

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Bicsak, Thomas A., and Aaron J. W. Hsueh. "Recent Advances in Inhibin Research." In The Primate Ovary, 35–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9513-7_3.

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Bertocci, Peter A. "Primary Emotions: Sympathy, Wonder, Creativity." In Recent Research in Psychology, 299–320. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3914-7_11.

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Bertocci, Peter A. "A Theory of Primary Emotions." In Recent Research in Psychology, 197–220. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3914-7_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Primacy and recency"

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Goggin, Johnson, and Gustafson. "Primacy and recency effects due to momentum in back-propagation." In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1989.118516.

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Sabet, Saeed Shafiee, Carsten Griwodz, and Sebastian Möller. "Influence of primacy, recency and peak effects on the game experience questionnaire." In the 11th ACM Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3304113.3326113.

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Schwind, Nicolas, and Sébastien Konieczny. "Non-Prioritized Iterated Revision: Improvement via Incremental Belief Merging." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/76.

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In this work we define iterated change operators that do not obey the primacy of update principle. This kind of change is required in applications when the recency of the input formulae is not linked with their reliability/priority/weight. This can be translated by a commutativity postulate that asks the result of a sequence of changes to be the same whatever the order of the formulae of this sequence. Technically then we end up with a sequence of formulae that we have to combine in order to obtain a meaningful belief base. Belief merging operators are then natural candidates for this task. We show that we can define improvement operators using an incremental belief merging approach. We also show that these operators can not be encoded as simple preorders transformations, contrary to most iterated revision and improvement operators.
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Hemler, Jennifer, Jenna Howard, Rachel Kurtzman, Lisa Mikesell, Benjamin Bates, Alicja Bator, Denalee O’Malley, Benjamin Crabtree, and Shawna Hudson. "Recent Innovations in Primary Care Cancer Survivorship Care Delivery." In NAPCRG 50th Annual Meeting — Abstracts of Completed Research 2022. American Academy of Family Physicians, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.21.s1.3654.

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Vionalita, Gisely, I. Zalina, and W. A. Asim. "Academic Achievement Reflected the Quality of Life and Neurocognitive Status in Malaysian Primary School Children." In International Conference Recent Innovation. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009950126632669.

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Brady, M. "Recent advances toward a surface primal sketch." In 1986 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.1986.1087447.

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Sirin, Khaeron, M. Suparta, Fuad Thohari, and Rena Latifa. "Women Migrant Workers as the Primary Breadwinners: Case Study of Indonesian Women Migrant Workers (TKWs) in Hongkong." In International Conference Recent Innovation. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009929714641473.

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Meeks, Robert L., David Ashby, Chris Biddick, Amjad Chatila, and Michael Gusick. "Recent performance improvements for the Large Binocular Telescope primary mirror system." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Larry M. Stepp, Roberto Gilmozzi, and Helen J. Hall. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.926526.

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Raj, Praveen, B. Deepanraj, N. Senthilkumar, and T. Tamizharasan. "A study on effect of primary and secondary reinforcements in hybrid metal matrix composite." In RECENT TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0074151.

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Tran, Thi Diem, Mutsumi Kimura, and Yasuhiko Nakashima. "Primary Visual Cortex Inspired Feature Extraction Hardware Model." In 2020 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Signal Processing, Telecommunications & Computing (SigTelCom). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sigtelcom49868.2020.9199057.

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Reports on the topic "Primacy and recency"

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Lloyd, Cynthia, and Paul Hewett. Primary schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: Recent trends and current challenges. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy6.1081.

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Keating, Louise, Ailish Malone Name, Maire-Brid Casey, Ciaran Bolger, Dara Meldrum, and Catherine Doody. Conservative Primary Care Management for Recent Onset Cervical Radiculopathy – a Systematic Review & Meta-analysis Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0047.

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Review question / Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of conservative management available in primary care for adults with recent onset (less than 12 weeks) cervical radiculopathy. Conservative management will be compared to any available comparator i.e. no treatment, placebo or any treatment. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria – trials (as defined in item 15) investigating any conservative management (e.g. exercise, advice, manual therapy, traction, acupuncture, pharmacology etc), involving adults with single level CR (as defined in item 10) of any aetiology, with symptom duration of 12 weeks or less, and including 1 or more of the following outcomes i.e. pain, disability, overall improvement or satisfaction with intervention, quality of life or participation restriction. Exclusion criteria – full text not available, not a randomised controlled trial, trials not involving CR (e.g. cervicobrachial pain, neck pain only), trials involving chronic CR, multilevel or bilateral CR (polyradiculopathy) or radiculomyelopathy, major or systemic pathology, post-surgery interventions, trials of surgery or spinal injection only, or involving a paediatric population or not in English language.
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Osterman J. K., Michelle. Changes in primary and repeat cesarean delivery: United States 2016-2021. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:117432.

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This report presents trends in primary and repeat cesarean delivery from 2016 to 2021 and recent changes in these rates by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, gestational age, and state of residence from 2019 to 2021.
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Abrams, Melinda Abrams, Mollyann Brodie Brodie, Jamie Ryan Ryan, Michelle Doty Doty, Liz Hamel Hamel, and Mira Norton Norton. Primary Care Providers' Views of Recent Trends in Health Care Delivery and Payment:Findings from the Commonwealth Fund/Kaiser Family Foundation 2015 National Survey of Primary Care Providers. New York, NY United States: Commonwealth Fund, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.25044.

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Fitzpatrick, Rachael. Evidence on the Impact of Population Growth on Education Financing and Provision in Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.072.

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Tanzania has made great strides in increasing enrolment rates amidst a rapidly growing population. However, despite gains made in primary enrolment, completion rates have not exceeded 70% in the past five years, and enrolment at secondary level remains low (37%). An analysis of expenditure suggests a lack of equitability in distribution of funds within the education sector. Having achieved near universal enrolment at primary level, since 2016 the Government of Tanzania has almost doubled spend on secondary education and increased spending on higher education. In the same period, however, spend per pupil at primary level has halved suggesting that budget is being directed away from pre-primary and primary education to fund secondary, with higher education slightly increasing. Furthermore, the Education Sector Analysis outlines that 35% of the education budget is spent on the top 10% highest educated in the system (Kahangwa et al. 2021, 168). In addition to disparities on spend by education level, regional differences persist in the number of classrooms, textbooks, desks and teacher shortages also exist. Despite current disparities and challenges, Tanzania’s economic growth in recent years suggests that, with increased commitment in minimum spending on education as a proportion of GDP, the education needs of the population could be met. However, this would assume continued economic growth and require a greater proportion of spend to be allocated to education, suggesting trade-offs may be required.
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Or, Etti, Tai-Ping Sun, Amnon Lichter, and Avichai Perl. Characterization and Manipulation of the Primary Components in Gibberellin Signaling in the Grape Berry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592649.bard.

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Seedless cultivars dominate the table grape industry. In these cultivars it is mandatory to apply gibberellin (GA) to stimulate berry development to a commercially acceptable size. These cultivars differ in their sensitivity to GA application, and it frequently results in adverse effects such as decreased bud fertility and increased fruit drop. Our long term goals are to (1) understand the molecular basis for the differential sensitivity and identify markers for selection of sensitive cultivars (2) to develop new strategies for targeted manipulation of the grape berry response to GA that will eliminate the need in GA application and the undesirable effects of GA on the vine, while maintaining its desirable effects on the berry. Both strategies are expected to reduce production cost and meet growing consumer demand for reduced use of chemicals. This approach relies on a comprehensive characterization of the central components in the GA signaling cascade in the berry. Several key components in the GA signaling pathway were identified in Arabidopsis and rice, including the GA receptors, GID1s, and a family of DELLA proteins that are the major negative regulators of the GA response. GA activates its response pathway by binding to GID1s, which then target DELLAs for degradation via interaction with SLY, a DELLA specific F-box protein. In grape, only one DELLA gene was characterized prior to this study, which plays a major role in inhibiting GA-promoted stem growth and GA-repressed floral induction but it does not regulate fruit growth. Therefore, we speculated that other DELLA family member(s) may control GA responses in berry, and their identification and manipulation may result in GA-independent berry growth. In the current study we isolated two additional VvDELLA family members, two VvGID1 genes and two VvSLY genes. Arabidopsis anti-AtRGA polyclonal antibodies recognized all three purified VvDELLA proteins, but its interaction with VvDELLA3 was weaker. Overexpression of the VvDELLAs, the VvGID1s, and the VvSLYs in the Arabidopsis mutants ga1-3/rga-24, gid1a-2/1c-2 and sly1-10, respectively, rescued the various mutant phenotypes. In vitro GAdependent physical interaction was shown between the VvDELLAs and the VvGID1s, and GAindependent interaction was shown between the VvDELLAs and VvSLYs. Interestingly, VvDELLA3 did not interact with VvGID1b. Together, the results indicate that the identified grape homologs serve as functional DELLA repressors, receptors and DELLA-interacting F-box proteins. Expression analyses revealed that (1) VvDELLA2 was expressed in all the analyzed tissues and was the most abundant (2) VvDELLA1 was low expressed in berries, confirming former study (3) Except in carpels and very young berries, VvDELLA3 levels were the lowest in most tissues. (4) Expression of both VvGID1s was detected in all the grape tissues, but VvGID1b transcript levels were significantly higher than VvGID1a. (5) In general, both VvDELLAs and VvGID1s transcripts levels increased as tissues aged. Unfertilized and recently fertilized carpels did not follow this trend, suggesting different regulatory mechanism of GA signaling in these stages. Characterization of the response to GA of various organs in three seedless cultivars revealed differential response of the berries and rachis. Interestingly, VvDELLA3 transcript levels in the GA-unresponsive berries of cv. Spring blush were significantly higher compared to their levels in the highly responsive berries of cv. Black finger. Assuming that VvDELLA2 and VvDELLA3 are regulating berry size, constructs carrying potential dominant mutations in each gene were created. Furthermore, constitutive silencing of these genes by mIR is underway, to reveal the effect of each gene on the berry phenotype.
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Morrison, John F. Analyzing Interviews with Terrorists. RESOLVE Network, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rve2020.7.

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For years the dominant narrative has been that there is a dearth of primary sources in terrorism studies. This is now changing. The talk about the scarcity of data is gradually being replaced by discussions of a “data revolution” and a “golden age” of terrorism research. We are now publishing more research based on the analysis of primary source data than ever before. Included in this has been some ground-breaking interview research with recent and former terrorists—research that could define how we think about terrorist involvement for years to come. With this increased access to data, if our research is to have any analytical value and concurrently respected both within and outside of academia, we need to actively consider how we analyze it. This chapter discusses some of the issues that need to be taken into consideration when analyzing first-hand interviews, including the importance of specificity, different available analytic techniques, the role of triangulation, and ethical practices.
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Alemu, Dawit, Aida Isinika, Hannington Odame, and John Thompson. The Role of Small-Scale Processors in Supporting Agricultural Commercialisation Among Smallholder Rice Farmers in East Africa: Lessons from Ethiopia and Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.040.

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Until recently, attention to rice value chain upgrading has been limited in many rice-producing countries of Eastern Africa. Yet, it is this mid-stream section (the millers and traders) – the so-called ‘hidden middle’ – which is essential to sustaining the capacity of rice value chains to contributing to food security in the region, as it fulfils a crucial intermediary role between supply and demand. In this paper, we focus on the role of rice processors as key actors in rice sector development in East Africa along with what challenges and opportunities they face, drawing on primary data generated from surveys and key informant interviews in Ethiopia and Tanzania.
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Schipper, Youdi, Isaac Mbiti, and Mauricio Romero. Designing and Testing a Scalable Teacher Incentive Programme in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/044.

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School participation in Tanzania has increased dramatically over the past two decades: primary school enrolment increased from 4.9 million in 2001 to 10.9 million in 2020. While 81 percent of primary-school-age children are currently enrolled, over the last ten years, the primary completion rate has dropped and remains below 70 percent since 2015 (data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics).1 Despite improvements in enrolment, indicators of foundational learning remain low. According to the 2020 report of the Standard Two National Assessment (STNA), conducted by the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA), in 2019 five percent of Grade 2 students pass the benchmark for reading proficiency (“Can correctly read exactly 50 words of the passage in one minute and with 80 percent or higher comprehension”). The report finds that 17 percent of students pass the benchmark (80 percent correct) of the addition and subtraction sub-tasks. These outcomes are not the result of students’ lack of academic aspiration: according to the RISE Tanzania baseline survey, 73 percent of Grade 2 and 3 students say they would like to complete secondary school or university. In a recent report, the Global Education Evidence Advisory Panel (World Bank, 2020) asked what programmes and policies are the most cost-effective instruments for addressing the learning crisis and improving learning for all children. The report creates three categories: the “great buys” category includes programmes that provide very low-cost but salient information on the benefits, costs, and quality of education. The “good buys” category includes programmes that provide structured pedagogy, instruction targeted by learning level, merit-based scholarships and pre-school interventions. Finally, the category “promising but low-evidence” includes teacher accountability and incentive reforms. KiuFunza, a teacher performance pay programme in Tanzania, fits this last category. KiuFunza (shorthand for Kiu ya Kujifunza or Thirst to Learn) provides test-score linked cash incentives to teachers in Grades 1, 2, and 3 to increase foundational literacy and numeracy outcomes for students. The programme is managed by Twaweza East Africa, a Civil Society Organization, and was set up to provide evidence on the impact of teacher incentives in a series of experimental evaluations. This note discusses the rationale for teacher incentives in Tanzania, the design elements of KiuFunza and preliminary results for the most recent phase of KiuFunza (this phase was implemented in 2019-2021 and the impact evaluation is part of the RISE Tanzania research agenda).
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Nicholson, Claire, Jonathan Wastling, Peter Gregory, and Paul Nunn. FSA Science Council Working Group 6 Food Safety and Net Zero Carbon July 2022 Interim Report. Food Standards Agency, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sac.fsa.vxz377.

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The UK has a legal commitment to reach net zero carbon (NZC) emissions by 2050. This is a topic that has recently been building momentum, with clean growth being one of the four Grand Challenges set out by the UK Government. The ways we grow, process and transport food are major contributors to climate change, accounting for more than a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing this will require substantial changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transport. Consequently, the Science Council and FSA Chief Scientific Adviser (CSA) agreed that a deeper understanding of the potential implications of achieving net zero on food systems, together with identification of areas of uncertainty, would be of considerable value to FSA in pre-empting future policy and evidence needs in this area. In early discussions to scope the work required, Defra indicated to the FSA Science Council Secretariat that there are many new developments and changes to activity in primary production aimed at achieving net zero. The Science Council agreed, therefore, to concentrate its first investigations on changes expected in primary food production. Primary production is the production of chemical energy in organic forms by living organisms. The main source of this energy is sunlight. For the purposes of this review, primary food production includes the growing and harvesting of plants as food for humans or feed for animals, and the rearing and slaughter of animals including livestock, fish and a wide variety of aquatic and marine organisms. A Science Council Working Group 6 (WG6) began work in summer 2021, led by Science Council members Mrs Claire Nicholson (WG6 Chair) and Prof Jonathan Wastling (WG6 Deputy Chair). The brief for WG6 is to investigate the potential food safety implications arising from changes to primary food production practices and technologies that reduce carbon emissions in the next 10 years. The work programme (described in this report) covers 4 phases, with phases 1 and 2 now complete. The work so far has drawn diverse, wide-ranging, sometimes slightly conflicting, views and opinions from across academia, the FSA, Defra, industry bodies and individual food producers. This interim report summarises: The work undertaken to date (phases 1 and 2) What has been learnt including changes to practice already underway or imminent Issues arising from the changes that the FSA should be aware of Further work planned by WG6 to understand the nature of the risks in more depth (phases 3 and 4) The Science Council aims to complete its investigations by the end of 2022 and present its findings to the FSA Board as soon as possible afterwards.
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