Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pricing Victoria

Academic literature on the topic 'Pricing Victoria'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pricing Victoria"

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Spiller, Marcus. "Infrastructure Pricing and Urban Consolidation in Victoria." Urban Policy and Research 6, no. 2 (June 1988): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111148808551349.

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2

McCaul, B. P. "AUSTRALIAN NATURAL GAS PRICES — WELLHEAD TO CONSUMER." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88004.

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Natural gas prices to producers in all states of Australia, except Victoria, have moved closer together during the 1980s as the industry has matured. Where significant differences exist in city gate prices, they are caused by wide- ranging transmission tariffs related directly to the initial cost and the length and the volume carried in the respective pipelines.Gas utilities in some states had a great influence on the natural gas pricing structure to consumers during the 1970s, when alternative fuel oil prices rose dramatically and long- term, low- price gas purchase contracts were in place. State governments have moved during the 1980s, however, to replace the utilities as the greatest influence in the pricing chain from wellhead to consumer.With the notable exception of Victoria, producers in most states in recent years have gained a fairer, higher proportion of the end- consumer price. Gas markets to a major degree are now committed Australia wide.Confidentiality and complex pricing philosophies make it sometimes difficult to see clearly the wellhead to consumer pricing structure. However, available information can be analysed and compared to deduce the national scenario with fair accuracy. The wide range of prices to consumers reflects the fact that major industrial customers underpin the development economics of high- cost long- distance transmission lines.The abundance of gas in Australia, both onshore and offshore, makes new uses essential to optimise the industry's potential.
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Huse, Oliver, Christina Zorbas, Alethea Jerebine, Ari Kurzeme, Miranda Blake, Megan Ferguson, Claire Palermo, et al. "Recreation centre managers’ perceptions of pricing interventions to promote healthy eating." Health Promotion International 35, no. 4 (July 3, 2019): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz062.

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Abstract Retailers have the capacity to improve the food and beverage environment by making healthier options more affordable and attractive for their consumers. The perspectives of retailers on feasible and acceptable pricing strategies are not known. The aim of this study was to understand retailers’ perceptions of factors that are relevant to feasible and acceptable health-promoting food and beverage pricing interventions. A convenience sample of 11 aquatic and recreation centre managers in Victoria, Australia was recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. We took a pragmatic approach with the aim of understanding retailers’ perceptions of factors that affect the feasibility and acceptability of pricing interventions within their facilities. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize and interpret retailers’ perceptions of pricing interventions. Key themes identified were: structural and organizational characteristics (the internal and external characteristics of aquatic and recreation centres), characteristics of feasible pricing changes (type, magnitude and products targeted by pricing strategies) and business outcomes (profits and customer feedback). Results suggest that pricing interventions to promote healthy food and beverage choices can be feasible and acceptable to retailers, though contextual considerations are likely to be important. Future studies should use these findings to design interventions most likely to be acceptable to retailers, work with retailers to implement health-promoting food and beverage pricing interventions, evaluate the impact on business outcomes including customer perspectives and profitability, and test transferability to other retail settings.
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Graymore, Michelle, Anne Wallis, and Kevin O'Toole. "Understanding drivers and barriers: the key to water use behaviour change." Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.125.

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In southwest Victoria, like many other regions in Australia, drought, climate change and population growth have exposed gaps in water supply. To develop effective demand management strategies for rural and regional areas, this paper investigates the drivers and barriers to water saving in southwest Victoria. Although the majority of people felt water saving was important, the drivers for water saving differed between different groups. Residential users were saving water for altruistic reasons, while for farmers the drivers were farm viability and productivity. Although the barriers differed between property types, common barriers included lack of understanding of the impact their water use has on supplies, lack of knowledge, the pricing system and distrust of the water authority. The findings provide information for effective demand management strategies for the region.
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Farrier, S., and G. Swier. "Sustainability and implementation of economic regulation in the Water Sector in Victoria, Australia." Water Supply 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2005): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0024.

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The water industry in the state of Victoria, Australia underwent significant structural and pricing reforms in the 1990s. Now, attention is focussed on introducing independent economic regulation, and on the sustainable management of water resources. Experience in Victoria, Australia, provides an interesting opportunity to consider the challenges of reconciling independent economic regulation of profit focused businesses while meeting goals for sustainability in the most efficient way. We conclude that effective integration of sustainability and economic regulation requires consideration of the incentives in economic regulation; investment in defining and collecting data and information to support decisions; greater utilisation of market based instruments; wider and extended use of existing evaluation tools and more explicit linking of these tools to decisions about allocation of resources. However we consider that priority should be given to institutional arrangements; we consider that reform will be required to align arrangements with objectives and thus facilitate efficient and consistent decision-making.
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HAU, TIMOTHY D., BECKY P. Y. LOO, K. I. WONG, and S. C. WONG. "AN ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENT TIME-VARYING TOLLS FOR CROSS HARBOR TUNNELS IN HONG KONG." Singapore Economic Review 56, no. 04 (December 2011): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590811004432.

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This work estimates the distribution of a time-varying toll over a 24-hour period that minimizes the combined queue length of the three tunnels that traverse Hong Kong's Victoria Harbour, taking into account institutional constraints. Our results reveal that switching from a flat toll to a time-varying toll scheme would eliminate all existing tunnel queues. We argue that optimal tunnel tolling, coupled with the nonstop electronic toll collection mechanism already in place, could be the first step toward the implementation of electronic road pricing in Hong Kong. Optimal tolling would obviate the need to build a fourth harbor crossing in the near future.
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Odongo, W., C. A. Okia, N. Nalika, P. H. Nzabamwita, J. Ndimubandi, and P. Nyeko. "Marketing of edible insects in Lake Victoria basin: the case of Uganda and Burundi." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 4, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2017.0071.

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This paper assesses the marketing of edible insects with the aim of understanding the market opportunities, market players, and the value chain of edible insect products in the Lake Victoria basin. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on edible insects marketing from 147 edible insect traders in Uganda and Burundi. Results showed that the most commercialised edible insect was Ruspolia differens. The marketing of edible insects was concentrated in urban areas, where they were considered a delicacy. Household collections were largely consumed within the homes and a small proportion was sold to neighbours. The marketing of edible insects was characterised by minimal value addition, lack of standardisation and adequate market information. We find that edible insects have high market potentials, with demand often outstripping supply throughout the year, and unit prices always higher than competing products such as beef, pork and poultry in the market. Marketing of edible insects therefore presents a livelihood opportunity and option for the communities in the Lake Victoria basin. However, for this to be realised there is need to explore options of adding value to edible insects as well as standardising their packaging, weighing and pricing.
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Zorbas, Christina, Amanda Lee, Anna Peeters, Meron Lewis, Timothy Landrigan, and Kathryn Backholer. "Streamlined data-gathering techniques to estimate the price and affordability of healthy and unhealthy diets under different pricing scenarios." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020001718.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the reliability of streamlined data-gathering techniques for examining the price and affordability of a healthy (recommended) and unhealthy (current) diet. We additionally estimated the price and affordability of diets across socio-economic areas and quantified the influence of different pricing scenarios.Design:Following the Healthy Diets Australian Standardised Affordability and Pricing (ASAP) protocol, we compared a cross-sectional sample of food and beverage pricing data collected using online data and phone calls (lower-resource streamlined techniques) with data collected in-store from the same retailers.Setting:Food and beverage prices were collected from major supermarkets, fast food and alcohol retailers in eight conveniently sampled areas in Victoria, Australia (n 72 stores), stratified by area-level deprivation and remoteness.Participants:This study did not involve human participants.Results:The biweekly price of a healthy diet was on average 21 % cheaper ($596) than an unhealthy diet ($721) for a four-person family using the streamlined techniques, which was comparable with estimates using in-store data (healthy: $594, unhealthy: $731). The diet price differential did not vary considerably across geographical areas (range: 18–23 %). Both diets were estimated to be unaffordable for families living on indicative low disposable household incomes and below the poverty line. The inclusion of generic brands notably reduced the prices of healthy and unhealthy diets (≥20 %), rendering both affordable against indicative low disposable household incomes. Inclusion of discounted prices marginally reduced diet prices (3 %).Conclusions:Streamlined data-gathering techniques are a reliable method for regular, flexible and widespread monitoring of the price and affordability of population diets in areas where supermarkets have an online presence.
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Grigsby-Duffy, Lily, Sally Schultz, Liliana Orellana, Ella Robinson, Adrian J. Cameron, Josephine Marshall, Kathryn Backholer, and Gary Sacks. "The Healthiness of Food and Beverages on Price Promotion at Promotional Displays: A Cross-Sectional Audit of Australian Supermarkets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 9026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239026.

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Supermarket environments can strongly influence purchasing decisions. Price promotions are recognised as a particularly persuasive tactic, but the healthiness of price promotions in prominent in-store locations is understudied. This study compared the prevalence and magnitude of price promotions on healthy and unhealthy food and beverages (foods) displayed at prominent in-store locations within Australian supermarkets, including analyses by supermarket group and area-level socio-economic position. A cross-sectional in-store audit of price promotions on foods at key display areas was undertaken in 104 randomly selected stores from major Australian supermarket groups (Woolworths, Coles, Aldi and independents) in Victoria, Australia. Of the display space dedicated to foods with price promotions, three of the four supermarket groups had a greater proportion of display space devoted to unhealthy (compared to healthy) foods at each promotional location measured (end of aisles: 66%; island bins: 53%; checkouts: 88%). Aldi offered very few price promotions. Few measures varied by area-level socio-economic position. This study demonstrated that price promotions at prominent in-store locations in Australian supermarkets favoured unhealthy foods. Marketing of this nature is likely to encourage the purchase of unhealthy foods, highlighting the need for retailers and policy-makers to consider addressing in-store pricing and placement strategies to encourage healthier food environments.
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Odlyzko, Andrew. "Novel market inefficiencies from early Victorian times." Financial History Review 24, no. 2 (June 13, 2017): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565017000075.

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A previously unknown pricing anomaly existed for a few years in the late 1840s in the British government bond market, in which the larger and more liquid of two very large bonds was underpriced. None of the published mechanisms explains this phenomenon. It may be related to another pricing anomaly that existed for much of the nineteenth century in which terminable annuities were significantly underpriced relative to so-called ‘perpetual’ annuities that dominated the government bond market. The reasons for these mispricings seem to lie in the early Victorian culture, since the basic economic incentives as well as laws and institutions were essentially the familiar modern ones. This provides new perspectives on the origins and nature of modern corporate capitalism.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pricing Victoria"

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Garisch, Simon Edwin. "Convertible bond pricing with stochastic volatility : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Finance /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1100.

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Books on the topic "Pricing Victoria"

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Conference, World Energy Council Nigerian National Committee. Energy pricing and national development: Conference proceedings, the Nigerian National Committee of The World Energy Council, held on 19-21 May, 1993, at Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Ikoyi, Lagos: Gilspar, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pricing Victoria"

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Holden, Alfred C. "Putting Pricing Experience in Perspective: A Satirical View from Victorian America." In Pricing Perspectives, 3–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230594890_1.

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Ninan Thomas, Pradip. "The East India Company, the Victorian Internet, and Information Anxieties in India." In Information Infrastructures in India, 37–50. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857736.003.0003.

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This chapter provides an overview of the technologies and management of information in two eras of British rule—during the era of the East India Company when the accent was on informal forms of information surveillance especially that related to commercial information and the era of direct rule characterized by the institutionalization of modern information infrastructures such as the telegraph that enabled the British to control the flows of information on the economy such as the pricing of primary products and the control of political information. These investments in the control and management of rational information structures were, to some extent, a response to the private flows of commercial information to Company directors at the expense of the Crown. Control over information flows became an all-consuming project post the Sepoy Mutiny.
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Ahdar, Rex. "Powerful Firms and Monopolizing Conduct." In The Evolution of Competition Law in New Zealand, 152–95. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855606.003.0006.

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New Zealand’s efforts to rein in the anticompetitive conduct of market dominant firms has been disappointing overall. Its track record, in terms of the number of successful challenges, has been dismal. The early cases under the 1986 Act were promising with some notable victories for plaintiffs. But this was not to last. A large part of this chapter details the shadow cast by the Privy Council in the momentous Clear v Telecom saga in the mid-1990s. Their Lordships promulgated a stringent “counterfactual” test for contravening conduct under s 36 (the monopolization prohibition), one that almost spelt the death knell for meaningful enforcement of the section. A major attempt to restore the effectiveness of s 36 and reverse the effect of the London ruling was made by Parliament in 2001, but that proved unavailing. Moreover, the Supreme Court, the replacement for the Privy Council, determined that the counterfactual test ought to be retained. Despite the unabridged severity of the test, a few stubborn victories against monopolizing firms were still recorded. Nonetheless, policymakers have determined that reform is required. One proposal is to revise s 36 to embrace a SLC test. The chapter also considers the dormant intellectual property exemption in s 36. New Zealand’s experience of refusals to deal (“essential faculties” doctrine) and predatory pricing are also analysed.
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