Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pricing – France'
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Mselmi, Nada. "Financial distress prediction and equity pricing models : Theory and empirical evidence in France." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE0502.
Full textThis thesis focuses on financial distress and its impact on stock returns. The main goal of this dissertation is: (i) to predict the financial distress of French small and medium-sized firms using a number of techniques namely Logit model, Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine techniques, and Partial Least Squares, and (ii) to identify the systematic risk factors of financial distress that can explain stock returns, in addition to those of Fama and French (1993) such as the momentum, the relative distress, the liquidity, and the Value-at-Risk in the French stock market. This study has been concretized in two parts. The first part, composed of 2 chapters, wonders about the main indicators that can discriminate between distressed and non-distressed French small and medium-sized firms one and two years before default. It mobilizes different prediction techniques and leads to the empirical results that are the subject of the analysis. The second part, composed also of 2 chapters, investigates the explanatory power of Fama and French (1993) model augmented by a number of risk factors, as well as alternative models in the French context. The tests also focus on the systematic nature of the additional or alternative risk factors, explaining the stock returns. The obtained empirical results are analyzed and propose managerial implications to decision makers
Iselin, Frédéric. "Proposition de valeur et positionnement de prix : la place de la valeur client dans le pricing d'offres innovantes : le cas des start-up technologiques." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0650.
Full textCette thèse est centrée sur la question de recherche suivante : comment les start-up technologiques françaises intègrent-elles le concept de création de valeur pour leurs clients ? Après une exploration de la littérature académique, nous proposons une démarche empirique partant de notre expérience d’entrepreneur. Nous utilisons une approche quantitative par sources primaires (1 196 dirigeants de start-up, 280 réponses qualifiées). Cette approche repose sur un modèle de recherche, six hypothèses, des variables permettant de construire un questionnaire, et un système de codage. Nous proposons cinq apports de la recherche : un processus en onze étapes permettant aux managers de start-up technologique de positionner leur prix ; une typologie des propositions de valeur, qui distingue neuf situations ; la démonstration de la faiblesse de l’attractivité des propositions de valeur de 58 % des start-up technologiques françaises, (sachant que nous n’avons pas constaté de corrélation entre la maturité de notre échantillon et une amélioration de cette attractivité) ; la démonstration selon laquelle l’exploitation du potentiel de création de valeur conféré par l’innovation technologique n’est pas optimisée par 74 % des start-up françaises ; enfin, notre dernier constat repose sur des considérations macro-économiques, en procédant par syllogisme : la majorité des start-up technologiques ont une proposition de valeur non convaincante ; le lien entre création de valeur et performances a été fait par la littérature. Cela peut-il contribuer à expliquer, d’une part l’atonie de la croissance des PME françaises, et d’autre part, les faibles performances des capital–risqueurs français ?Après une exploration de la littérature académique, nous proposons une démarche empirique partant de notre expérience d’entrepreneur. Nous utilisons une approche quantitative par sources primaires (1 196 dirigeants de start-up, 280 réponses qualifiées). Cette approche repose sur un modèle de recherche, six hypothèses, des variables permettant de construire un questionnaire, et un système de codage. Nous proposons cinq apports de la recherche : un processus en onze étapes permettant aux managers de start-up technologique de positionner leur prix ; une typologie des propositions de valeur, qui distingue neuf situations ; la démonstration de la faiblesse de l’attractivité des propositions de valeur de 58 % des start-up technologiques françaises, (sachant que nous n’avons pas constaté de corrélation entre la maturité de notre échantillon et une amélioration de cette attractivité) ; la démonstration selon laquelle l’exploitation du potentiel de création de valeur conféré par l’innovation technologique n’est pas optimisée par 74 % des start-up françaises ; enfin, notre dernier constat repose sur des considérations macro-économiques, en procédant par syllogisme : la majorité des start-up technologiques ont une proposition de valeur non convaincante ; le lien entre création de valeur et performances a été fait par la littérature. Cela peut-il contribuer à expliquer, d’une part l’atonie de la croissance des PME françaises, et d’autre part, les faibles performances des capital–risqueurs français ?
Lemarié-Boutry, Marie. "Les dimensions patrimoniales du foncier viticole bordelais : une lecture par les prix fonciers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0412/document.
Full textThrough a case-study of wine-farming in Bordeaux, this thesis aims to analyse how vineyardprices reflect heritage. We define heritage as a set of properties and institutions which arehistorically and territorially located. Locally, this defines organisations specific to the Bordeauxviticulture. We show that farmland can be an asset through which the viticulture heritage isbuilt. We assume that the value of this heritage is revealed by the preferences of agents onthe farmland market. From this assumption and through a hedonic analysis, we analyse theprice of vineyards sold between 2002 and 2010 in the Gironde department in France. Thiswork is based on an original multisource geographic information systeme data and uses spatialeconometric techniques. We show that vineyard prices on the market are the reflection of thelocal viticulture and of its past and future links to the territory
Martin, De Lagarde Cyril. "Promoting renewable energy : subsidies, diffusion, network pricing, and market impacts Drivers and diffusion of residential photovoltaics in France Network connection schemes for renewable energy: a spatial analysis." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED076.
Full textThis thesis deals with several aspects of the economics of electric renewable energy sources (RES). These have been chosen by many countries, willing to reduce their carbon footprint, in order to fight climate change.As RES are usually not competitive against conventional power plants, they rely on national and local subsidies in order to be profitable. I analyse the efficiency of such support schemes in the case of solar photovoltaics for residential households in France. Communication phenomena also take a huge part in the diffusion process. My work shows in how far these are an additional driver of RES development.Then, I study the impact of regional network connection schemes for renewables in France, in the field of onshore wind energy. These schemes introduce a spatial differentiation of network connection charges. They enable to reallocate investments in regions in which the electricity network is less constrained, and I quantify this reallocation.Electricity networks also play a role in the development of RES through their tarification. The latter is fundamental in the case of self-consumption (or "prosumption"), that puts the budget balance of the network operator at risk. Thus, I derive second-best prices in the case of a two-part energy-capacity tariff.Finally, I analyse the impact of renewable generation on electricity wholesale prices in Germany. I show that RES induce a decrease in prices, which depends on the supply-demand equilibrium. This penalises peaking power plants that are necessary to the security of supply, as well as future renewables, which shall progressively become profitable without subsidies
Yon, Guillaume. "Théorie économique, réalité industrielle et intérêt général. La recherche de l’optimum à Électricité de France (1946-1965)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM052/document.
Full textThe Act of 8 April 1946 nationalized electricity in France and created a new public monopoly, Électricité de France. A small group of people, mainly from the corps des Ponts-et-Chaussées, was assembled to provide the public utility with a pricing policy. Marcel Boiteux, Gabriel Dessus et Pierre Massé, to mention only a few names, thought they would apply to the power sector the best economic theory of their time, Maurice Allais’ théorie du rendement social. The theory claimed that marginal cost pricing would bring the power sector to a state of maximum efficiency, that it would help governing the sector according to the public interest, and solve rationally the issue of nationalization and its aims. But the story turned out to be quite different. Pricing electricity did not mean applying to the sector the laws of efficiency through transfers of necessities. Rather, in a tentative, partial, progressive, often contradictory manner, the work allowed to describe and thus discuss possible exploitation projects. I propose to term this process the formulation of the optimum. Identifying such a process, I suggest, might contribute to the debate on the status of economics, the kind of truth it produces, and what we can expect from it, especially when it is closely associated with political decision making
Hai, Xiaodong. "Marché et tarification des plateformes de vente d'applications mobiles comme marchés bifaces : analyse comparée France-Chine." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0001/document.
Full textMobile app is becoming an important mobile internet access channel. Three groups of end users affiliated with two Two-sided platforms in the mobile app market have attracted considerable attention. App store platform (App-store) is an app distribution platform connected with developers and users. App ad platform (Ad-store) supplies advertising services for advertisers through developers’ apps. Developers, users and advertisers are end users. Mobile app market is a complicated two-sided market. There are widespread and interactive network externalities. The study focuses on the pricing strategies for the app store platform. App-store shares paid app sales and in-app purchase revenues with developers. Ad-store shares in-app advertising revenues with developers. The App-store platform implements asymmetric pricing to developer side and user side. Developer side is the subsidy side as well as the revenue side for App-store platform. Mobile device purchasing cost constitutes a particular App-store platform pricing determinant. Membership fees are negligible in the mobile app market. Usage fee is workable. It is a duopoly in the mobile app market. Apple and Google are the two giants with distinct business models. Both Apple’s mobile device sales model and Google’s in-app advertising model are extremely successful. App-store, Ad-store and mobile devices are the three key profit makers in this market. Vertical integration inside this ecosystem will generate considerable revenues. Chinese users have higher price elasticity of demand and they are particularly sensitive to the app prices when compared with the French
Nougarol, Renaud. "La tarification incitative des déchets ménagers comme processus d’économisation ? : sociologie des cadrages et des débordements d’une politique publique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20086.
Full textIn France, public authorities have been trying to generalize Unit-Based Pricing of household waste (UBP). It is a pricing system that consists in charging users for the waste management service depending on the amount of waste they produce. Nevertheless, UBP is not largely implemented because the actors responsible for its implementation fear being confronted to a certain number of economic issues, social issues and environmental issues.Keeping in mind the triple observation that the scientific literature on this subject was essentially written by economists, that economists generally favour the economic incentive, and that they have a central place in public action, the general hypothesis of this research is about the role of economists and their studies to set the agenda of UBP in France by a dynamics of "framing" of its "overflowing" (of its problems). This thesis defends the idea of an economization process characterized by successive "translations" – before and during the Grenelle de l'Environnement – of the work of a waste-assessment organisation marked by the presence of certain economists and certain economic studies favourable to UBP. These "translations" have been carried out by Communist representatives, and this thesis is in accordance with the various works which show that the economisation cannot be reduced to organic links with the liberal economic doctrine or with a form of "neoliberalism" which would constitute the explanatory variable of public policies change.In addition, this research focuses on the local implementation of UBP. By describing, step by step, how members of a local community set up their unit-based pricing project between 2013 and 2016, the work undertaken shows how they have "managed" various "overflows" related to its implementation
Aleksanyan, Lilia. "Les conditions de financement des entreprises : le cas des industries agro-alimentaires françaises." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010036.
Full textHafsa, Houda. "Modèles d'évaluation et d'allocations des actifs financiers dans le cadre de non normalité des rendements : essais sur le marché français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1015.
Full textThis dissertation is part of an ongoing researches looking for an adequate model that apprehend the behavior of financial asset returns. Through this research, we propose to analyze the relevance of risk measures that take into account the non-normality in the asset pricing and portfolio allocation models on the French market. This dissertation is comprised of three articles. The first one proposes to revisit the asset pricing model taking into account the higher-order moments in a downside framework. The results indicate that the downside higher order co-moments are relevant in explaining the cross sectional variations of returns. The second paper examines the relation between expected returns and the VaR or CVaR. A cross sectional analysis provides evidence that VaR is superior measure of risk when compared to the CVaR. We find also that the normal estimation approach gives better results than the approach based on the expansion of Cornish-Fisher (1937). Both results contradict the theoretical predictions but we proved that they are inherent to the French market. In the third paper, we review the mean-CVaR model in a dynamic framework and we take into account the transaction costs. The results indicate that the asset allocation model that takes into account the non-normality can improve the performance of the portfolio comparing to the mean-variance model, in terms of the average return and the return-to CVaR ratio. Through these three studies, we think that it is possible to modify the risk management framework to apprehend in a better way the risk of loss associated to the non-normality problem
Benyahia, Nesrine. "Le droit de l'imagerie médicale et ses enjeux de santé publique : étude comparative France, Angleterre, Allemagne et Québec." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB173.
Full textMedical imaging is a care activity at the crossroads of all medical specialties. It has become a primary care activity at the heart of the diagnosis and treatment of many pathologies in oncology, neurology and cardiology, for instance. Its essential role in the care path of the patient is the result of the important development of the technologies, but also of the clinical indications. The framing of medical imaging in the French healthcare system remains nevertheless unclear and bordered by legal and economic constraints. This legal and economic uncertainty is an obstacle to the effective access to medical imaging technology for patients through, in particular, an exacerbated control of equipment installations and a disorganized acts pricing procedure. Furthermore, the lack of medico-economic evaluations delays the implementation of innovations and even creates risks to the safety and quality of the imaging tests performed
Voltaire, Louinord. "Méthode d'évaluation contingente et évaluation économique d'un projet de réserves naturelles dans le Golfe du Morbihan." Brest, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649351.
Full textThis thesis is part of the context of a nature reserves program in the Gulf of Morbihan. Using contingent valuation (CV) method we estimate the economic benefits derived by tourist population from such a program, and discuss ways to recover these benefits. We estimate the benefits taking into account two issues not considered enough in the CV literature. 1) the potential sensitivity of the individuals to the payment vehicles proposed; 2) the possible existence of a selection bias related to one or several explanatory variables of the willingness to pay (WTP), selection bias which is in addition to usually controlled in CV studies, namely that corresponding to individuals’ decision to pay or not. A survey was conducted in summer 2007 during winch a sample of tourists stated their WTP through a home tax and another via an entrance fee. Our results show that the payment vehicles used affect the choice of the tourists to pay, on the one hand, and the amounts indicated, on the other. They also highlight the existence of the two types of selection bias suspected and therefore the need to control them when estimating the WTP model. Beyond these issues, the thesis shows that from tourists’ point of view, there is an advantage to protect the Gulf of Morbihan’s natural features through the implementation of nature reserves. Finally, in a hypothetical context of funding of these via the entrance fee whose amount would be estimated on the basis of the WTP obtained, this thesis discusses the practice of a single tariff, in a context of revenue maximization, and a differential tariff, in a context of equity
Fieschi-Bazin, Élisabeth. "Les outils de régulation de l’offre en matière sanitaire et médico-sociale : les apports et prolongements de la loi HPST." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40063.
Full textThe HPST Law (Hospital, Patients, Health and Territories), adopted on the 21st July 2009 and the texts which followed her, profoundly changed the regional system of governance of the offer in health, renewed end perfected its legal equipment. This “micro-legal” study examines the regulatory tools of the sanitary and medico-social offer, introduces their modifications, analyses their logic and the challenges lifted by the realization of the objective of this reform : improve the efficiency and the performance of the offer in health.A reform of the governance tools : based on a global and unified regional power, on sequenced processes of dialogue to rationalize the interventions of all the actors of the regional system of health. A reform of the tools of control, to improve the selection criteria of the offer and the evaluation of its efficiency. A consecration and development of the contractual processes to rationalize the allocation of the public financing, give responsibilities to the producers of care and adapt the offer in health. A development of the tools of cooperation, to reform the public service and the public hospital, to reorganize the medico-social offer, to change the practices of the healthcare professionals and to develop a new public vision of the offer, structures around the primary care.This Analysis reveals an ambitious and complex system, a reinforcement of the role of central government but also recourse to neoliberal table
Bouteiller, Catherine. "Différenciation tarifaire dans les réseaux de transports urbains et interurbains de voyageurs : quels apports pour les services publics de transport et l’aménagement ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20024.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to define and identify the effects of price discrimination policies on the use and organization of urban public transports. Price discrimination is the possibility to price a service with different level of tariff. At first, we will define the issues around public transport fares, whose complexity is now mitigated by existing smart cards and other payment tools. Then, the spatial dimension of the fare will be given special attention through the study of the relationships between fee structure and spatial morphology of 10 cities around the world. The relationships between urban morphology and pricing will be confirmed. Knowing that usage of public transport are diverse, it is essential to have a good knowledge of users habits. Smard Card data reconstruction provides geographical and statistical information that can be re used for urban planning and for pricing policy. How ?Grand Paris orbital line 15, will be launched in 2020. It is an example of introducing a new metro line inducing significant time savings for commuters. Passengers will be given a real alternative between their usual route and the new one. The new route can offer several advantages: gain of time spent during the trip, gain in terms of number of transfers, comfort gain, security gain, price advantages. This could be an opportunity for an agency to review its fare policy. Our model is based on existing travel flows derived from the itinerary reconstruction from Navigo Smart Card pass. It establishes the principles of a fare grid based on travelers’ preferences and current travel patterns. For this research, we used data from public transport pass users in the Paris’ Metropolitan area, for one month. Finally, we show that price discrimination is related to "mobility" and not to “public transport”. If we consider the mobility needs of the user, pricing is no longer that of “transportation” but a package of services enabling access to different forms of mobility. Therefore it is transport governance that can be a problem. How to federate all mobility stakeholders in France? This dimension is essential for public transport authorities. It is a key success factor for achieving ambitious and sustainable urban planning policies
Nasreddine, Aya. "Facteurs de risque et choix des investisseurs de long terme." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100126/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on long term investments and risk premiums within the French financial market. The results bring evidence supporting placements in long term, risky and productive assets. In terms of portfolio management, this thesis brings several answers regarding the optimal allocation strategies. The first article demonstrates that the French financial market is weak form efficient since we could not reject the random walk hypothesis based on the variance ratio methodology. This first contribution implies that abnormal returns are resulting from risk factors and not from anomalies. Thus, the second article revisits famous asset pricing models and highlights optimal portfolio strategies. We find that value and momentum premiums are persistent in the French market. However, size premium is only observable in extreme book to market and momentum strategies. Moreover, we show that market portfolio choice is sine qua non to models performances and that the latest is surprisingly increasing in times of distress. The third article considers the term structure of risk-return tradeoff. Based on a VAR model, we find that excess annualized standard deviation of stocks excess returns with respect to bonds and bills decreases as we lengthen investment horizon which means that investors may bias their portfolios towards safe assets and neglect additional return. Furthermore, we measured the time diversification effect among stock portfolios by distinguishing small and big capitalizations and prove that it is more profitable to hold small capitalizations than big capitalizations stocks in the long run. These results shed light on inefficient prudential rules from the viewpoint of policyholders on one hand, and, on the other hand, highlight the necessity of implementing measures to revive the markets for small enterprises and facilitate their access to direct financing through the market
Mezouar, Mehdi. "L'analyse en droit comparé, français italien, des méthodes de lutte contre l'évasion fiscale internationale pratiquée par les grandes entreprises via les prix de transfert." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1020/document.
Full textThe aim of my thesis is to improve the fight against manipulation of transfer pricing by introducing legal mechanisms that take account of the economic reality of the same group of companies . Intra-company trade accounts for 60 % of world trade , it is essential to require multinational groups as well as various European governments in particular to a constructive dialogue in order to secure public finances of each State, but also the taxation of these companies in their thus avoiding potential enhancement and spreading the problem of double taxation. To do our analysis is carried in the first place on the value of goods and services or how to quantify this value in accordance with our liberal economic theory . Then we took a look at ciritique the theory and practice of tax law in this area by adopting a comparative approach between France and Italy . The goal is to improve existing and create new ways such as the European Agreement Preventive Accord on tranfer pricing which impose our Member States to reach an agreement on the tax treatment practice on transfer pricing within a group on European territory. And to enhance the effectiveness of tax correction multinational groups we propose the establishment of the European Agency for Tax Audit (EATA) who would enjoy a certain autonomy and whose function is to conduct audits on larger groups located in Europe and propose a common rectification and solving the problem of double taxation
SEROT, Alexandre. "From monopoly to competition : institutional reforms and the compatrative analysis of pricing policies in British and French telecoms :1980-2000." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5384.
Full textExamining board: Prof. Adrienne Héritier, The European University of Florence, Florence ; Prof. Gérard Pogorel, Telecom Paris, Paris ; Prof. Martin Rhodes (supervisor), The European University of Florence, Florence ; Prof. Mark Thatcher (external co-supervisor), The London School of Economics, London
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
"A study of ISP pricing for networks with peer-to-peer users." 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894064.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74).
Abstract also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.iii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2 --- A Review of Pricing in Internet Industry --- p.5
Chapter 2.1 --- Static Pricing --- p.6
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Flat-rate Pricing --- p.6
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Usage-based Pricing --- p.7
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Paris Metro Pricing --- p.8
Chapter 2.2 --- Dynamic Pricing --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Smart-market Pricing --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Responsive Pricing --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Edge Pricing --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Comparisons --- p.14
Chapter 2.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.17
Chapter 3 --- Uplink Pricing --- p.18
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.18
Chapter 3.2 --- Model Description --- p.26
Chapter 3.3 --- Uplink Pricing in a Competitive Market --- p.36
Chapter 3.4 --- The Cooperative Strategy with Uplink Pricing --- p.40
Chapter 3.4.1 --- The Cooperative Case --- p.41
Chapter 3.4.2 --- The Threat Strategy --- p.45
Chapter 3.5 --- Further Discussion --- p.47
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Accounting Cost --- p.47
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Peer-to-Peer Locality --- p.48
Chapter 3.6 --- Related Works --- p.48
Chapter 3.7 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.49
Chapter 4 --- Viability of Paris Metro Pricing --- p.51
Chapter 4.1 --- The Model --- p.52
Chapter 4.2 --- Flat-rate Pricing versus Paris Metro Pricing --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.1 --- One-channel Flat-rate Pricing --- p.55
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Two-Channel Identical Pricing --- p.56
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Flat-rate Pricing versus Two-Channel Iden-tical Pricing --- p.57
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Flat-rate Pricing versus Paris Metro Pricing --- p.59
Chapter 4.3 --- Case Studies --- p.60
Chapter 4.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.62
Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.63
A Equation Derivation --- p.65
Chapter A. --- l Proof for Lemma 3.3.2 --- p.65
Bibliography --- p.71