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Journal articles on the topic 'Prices, United States, 1910'

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Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

O'Rourke, Kevin, and Jeffrey G. Williamson. "Late Nineteenth-Century Anglo-American Factor-Price Convergence: Were Heckscher and Ohlin Right?" Journal of Economic History 54, no. 4 (December 1994): 892–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700015539.

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Due primarily to transport improvements, commodity prices in Britain and the United States tended to converge between 1870 and 1913. Heckscher and Ohlin, writing in 1919 and 1924, thought that these events should have contributed to factor-price convergence. It turns out that Heckscher and Ohlin were right: a significant share of the Anglo-American real-wage convergence was due to commodity-price convergence. It appears that this late nineteenth-century episode was the dramatic start of world-commodity and factor-market integration that continues today.

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2

GÓMEZ-GALVARRIATO, AURORA, and JEFFREY G. WILLIAMSON. "Was It Prices, Productivity or Policy? Latin American Industrialisation after 1870." Journal of Latin American Studies 41, no. 4 (November 2009): 663–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x09990551.

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AbstractThe new trade data used here document the significance of industrialisation in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico after 1870. By 1910 Brazil and Mexico, in particular, led most of the poor periphery in Asia, Africa and the Middle East. While some of this impressive industrialisation was due to fast productivity growth in manufacturing, perhaps yielding some catch-up on their competitors in the United States and Europe, this article argues that there were even more powerful forces at work. Much of the industrialisation that occurred in Latin America was due to a cessation in the seven-decade rise in its net barter terms of trade, trends that reversed the deindustrialisation and ‘Dutch Disease’ forces that had dominated Latin America for almost a century. Equally important for Brazil and Mexico was favourable policy in the form of higher effective rates of protection for manufacturing, and a depreciation of the real exchange rate. These policies were missing in Argentina and Chile, and industrialisation suffered there as a consequence. Changing market conditions and policies seem to have been more important than changing fundamentals in accounting for Latin American industrialisation after 1870.

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3

DE BOYER DES ROCHES, JÉRÔME, and REBECA GOMEZ BETANCOURT. "AMERICAN QUANTITY THEORISTS PRIOR TO IRVING FISHER’STHE PURCHASING POWER OF MONEY." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 35, no. 2 (May 10, 2013): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837213000035.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the state of the quantity theory in the United States prior to the publication of Irving Fisher’s ThePurchasing Power of Moneyin 1911. We start by presenting the participants in the monetary debate. Next, we analyze the controversies regarding prices, purchasing power of money, and credit, prior to the Gold Standard Act of 1900, in particular the opposing views of Francis Amasa Walker and James Laurence Laughlin. We then go on to study of the restatement of the quantity theory at the beginning of the twentieth century, through the introduction of credit in the analysis and the statistical tests of the exchange equations. Finally, we study the problems and management of the gold standard, focusing on the elasticity of money supply, the characteristics of the gold exchange standard, and the contrast between the fixed price of gold and its fluctuating purchasing power. We show the improvement of the quantity theory and the new issues that emerged from the rich and original American monetary debate, prior to the publication in 1911 of Fisher’s book.

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4

Skaggs, Neil T. "The Methodological Roots of J. Laurence Laughlin's Anti-quantity Theory of Money and Prices." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 17, no. 1 (1995): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200002261.

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From the 1880s until after the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 the United States was a hotbed of monetary controversy. The secular price deflation that began in 1865 prompted a host of efforts to increase the money supply, in the belief that more money would check the decline of prices. The agitation for free coinage of silver that arose in the 1870s and carried into the 1880s and 1890s generated a maelstrom of arguments and counterarguments. Such theoretical support as the “cheap money advocates” provided was in the form of a crude application of the quantity theory of money. Not surprisingly, using the quantity theory in such a manner brought the theory itself under fire.

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5

Adams, Edward E. "Collusion and Price Fixing in the American Newspaper Industry: Market Preservation Trends, 1890–1910." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 79, no. 2 (June 2002): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900210.

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This study cites examples of price fixing and collusive practices used among newspapers in several cities across the United States during the late 1890s and early 1900s. An examination of the E.W. Scripps papers reveals secret agreements or “combinations” that were utilized among competitors to gain market advantages or to limit competition. The practices included, but were not limited to, profit pooling, price fixing, collusion, and contract exclusivity. The extent to which these agreements were established in differing markets and the candid discussion among the parties involved suggest these agreements were widespread in their use by Scripps newspapers.

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6

Husain, Fazal, and Traiq Mehmood. "Monetary Expansion and Stock Returns in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 38, no. 4II (December 1, 1999): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.769-776.

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The effect of changes in money supply on stock returns has been a matter of controversy among economists for many decades. Those in favour of presence of links between money market and stock market argue that any change in money supply creates a wealth effect which disturbs the existing equilibrium in the portfolio of investors. When they re-adjust their asset portfolio, a new equilibrium is established in which the price level of various assets is changed. On the other hand, if the stock market is efficient, it would already have incorporated all the current and anticipated changes in money supply. Consequently, a causal relationship between changes in money supply and stock prices will not be established. Moreover if the change in money supply coincides with a corresponding change in the velocity of money, it will not have any effect on stock prices. The pioneering work in this regard was done by Sprinkel (1964). Using the data from 1918 to 1960, he found a strong relationship between stock prices and money supply in the United States. His conclusions, however, were mostly based upon graphical analysis.

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7

Butkiewicz, James L., and Mihaela Solcan. "The original Operation Twist: the War Finance Corporation's war bond purchases, 1918–1920." Financial History Review 23, no. 1 (April 2016): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565016000068.

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In 1918 the United States Treasury delegated to the War Finance Corporation, a newly created off-budget federal agency, the task of buying Liberty bonds and later Victory notes in an effort to stabilize prices. Bayesian vector autoregression analysis of the security purchases indicates that the WFC purchases provided statistically significant price support, and marginally lowered bond yields while the program operated. Once WFC purchases ended, war bond yields increased substantially. Between bond issues, the Treasury financed its operations, including security purchases from the WFC, by issuing short-term debt, which affected the money market interest rate. The WFC's bond purchases are found to have a positive and significant impact on the call loan rate. Thus the WFC's bond purchases twisted the yield curve.

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8

Kovalkov, Oleksandr. "US sanctions against the USSR in response to soviet aggression in Afghanistan (1980 – 1988)." American History & Politics: Scientific edition, no. 11 (2021): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2021.11.7.

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The aim of the article is to studу the sanctions against the Soviet Union imposed by the United States in response to Soviet aggression in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. At the core of the research methodology is the method of a content analysis of historical sources, problem-chronological, typological, comparative methods. Main results and conclusions. The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in December 1979 was condemned by most countries in the world. The reaction to those events on the part of the United States, which led to the escalation of the Cold War and the deterioration of Soviet-American relations, was especially sharp. The continuation of the policy of sanctions announced by President J. Carter in 1980 became the main means of putting pressure on the USSR under the Reagan΄s Administration. The stages of introduction of trade, economic and scientific-technological restrictions on the USSR and discussions about them in American political and business circles have been observed. Thanks to the efforts of American diplomacy, the US allies in Western Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan and other countries joined the sanctions. It was found that the main direction of sanctions was the restriction on the sale to the USSR of equipment for the fuel and energy complex, high-tech products and the refusal to provide «cheap» loans. The effects of the sanctions were exacerbated by falling oil prices in 1985–1986, in which, according to the author, could be involved the United States. The purpose of American sanctions policy was to force the Soviet leadership to make internal changes, as well as to revise the principles of foreign policy, in particular, in the «Afghan question». American sanctions had a detrimental effect on the Soviet economy, deepened the crisis of the Soviet system and contributed to the further technological backwardness of the USSR from developed countries. Scientific novelty. The sanctions against the Soviet Union imposed by the United States in connection with the Soviet aggression in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan on the base of new US sources are specified for the first time.

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9

Wright, James R. "The Politics Underlying the Provision of and Changes in Pathology and Laboratory Services in the United States During the Roaring Twenties." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 140, no. 9 (May 3, 2016): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0113-hp.

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Context.—Prior to 1900, laboratory tests were simple enough to be performed by clinicians on the wards and most pathologists were academicians with little involvement in patient care issues. In the next 2 decades, laboratory test menus expanded rapidly and the increasing complexity of the tests created a potential niche for clinical pathologists (ie, pathologists providing patient-oriented anatomic and clinical pathology services). In the late 1910s and early 1920s, most of these services were provided by mail-order commercial laboratories or state public health laboratories rather than by hospital-based pathologists. Objective.—To describe the political events in the 1920s that would drastically alter the practice of pathology and laboratory medicine and that would have been important to the discipline at the time the Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine was being conceived and first published. Design.—Available primary and secondary historical sources were reviewed. Results.—In the 1920s, clinical pathologists organized, forming the American Society of Clinical Pathologists, and took on the powerful American Medical Association for permitting advertisements by private laboratories in the pages of the Journal of the American Medical Association that listed test prices as if these were commodities. They found a strong partner in the American College of Surgeons, which was attempting to elevate surgical practice by creating minimum standards for hospitals. Through this symbiotic relationship, hospital-based practice was firmly established and the commercial laboratory model faltered. Conclusions.—The Roaring Twenties was the time when the practice of pathology and laboratory medicine evolved into what we recognize today.

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10

Gainor, J. Ellen, and John Un. "Jacques Copeau's “The Spirit in the Little Theatre”: Contexts and Texts." Theatre Survey 65, no. 2 (May 2024): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557424000140.

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The story of influential French stage director Jacques Copeau's 1917–19 residency in New York City was documented at the time by Copeau himself and subsequently analyzed by Copeau scholars.1 Copeau (1879–1949) is remembered today for his innovative, experimental theatre work in the early twentieth century; he developed core practices that became foundational for modernist stage artistry, including mime and physical theatre as well as devised theatre techniques.2 In 1913, he established his Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in Paris, breaking away from traditional ornate design practices and envisioning an ensemble of actors trained in methods comparable to those used by Konstantin Stanislavsky, although Copeau knew comparatively little of his techniques at this time.3 Copeau's “‘attempt at dramatic renovation’”4 included staging plays to be performed in repertory and maintaining modest budgets and ticket prices to secure financial stability. In these and other regards, his vision paralleled those of other modernist colleagues not only in Europe, but also in the United States, where the Little Theatre movement was already underway,5 although Copeau similarly had little knowledge of US theatre at this early moment.

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11

Kopoteva, A. V., and A. V. Zatonskiy. "APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL FOR POTASH PRICES SHORT-TERM FORECASTING." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 24, no. 4 (2023): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr230409.

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The modern economy instability due to global and regional conflicts and contradictions leads to significant fluctuations in commodity markets. The demand and prices unpredictability leads to the raw materials in-dustries risks increase and limits their successful functioning and development. The purpose of the study. In this paper, we made an attempt of a multiple linear regression model application to obtain a forecast price of potash products acceptable quality. Despite the wide application and simplicity of construction and interpretation, the forecasting properties of such models are usually unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, an adequate selection of factors and the sample size used to estimate unknown parameters of the model, al-lows to achieve an acceptable forecasting quality. Materials and methods. In the issue the evaluation of the multiple linear regression model unknown parameters is performed on the basis of United States of America Geological Survey data. The sample contains information about the American potash market in the period from 1900 to 2020. The quality of forecasting is tested using the post-forecast method for years 2019 and 2020. The model built using the entire dataset gives an unsatisfactory relative prediction error. To reduce its value, a search of the sample volumes of data used for model parameters estimation was per-formed, and the one with the minimal forecast error was selected as optimal. The calculations were per-formed using MS Excel and Jupyter Notebook 6.1.4 environment for Python 3.8.5. Results. The conducted research allowed us to determine that in order to minimize the US domestic market potash products price relative error, it is necessary to use from 9 to 13 years time intervals for modeling. By doing that it is possi-ble to improve the 118-year time interval forecast for 2019 year by 23.9%, and a similar forecast for 2020 by 83.70%. Conclusion. Based on the results of the work done, it can be stated that the multiple linear re-gression model can be successfully used for short-term forecasting of the potash products price, and by an adequate modeling interval length choice it is possible to achieve acceptable forecasting quality.

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12

EDIGER, VOLKAN Ş., and JOHN V. BOWLUS. "A FAREWELL TO KING COAL: GEOPOLITICS, ENERGY SECURITY, AND THE TRANSITION TO OIL, 1898–1917." Historical Journal 62, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 427–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x18000109.

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AbstractInterest in energy transitions has accelerated in recent years due to rising concerns about global warming and resource scarcity, but the drivers of these phenomena are not well understood. To date, scholars have primarily focused on commercial and technological factors, highlighting that oil was ‘better’ than coal – more powerful, cheaper, cleaner, and more practical to use – and that the internal combustion engine made it more advantageous to use in transportation. Yet oil was also a strategic commodity that powerful states sought to acquire for military reasons. This article contends that geopolitics, military decision-making, and energy security hastened the transition from oil to coal prior to the First World War. It argues that Britain, Germany, and the United States sought to transition their naval fleets from coal to oil to gain a military advantage at sea, which created, for the first time, the problem of oil-supply security. Through government-led initiatives to address oil-supply security, vast new supplies of oil came online and prices fell, the ideal environment for oil to eclipse coal as the dominant source in the global energy system.

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13

Lakstygal, Ilia. "The rivalry of the United States and France in the arms market in the Arab countries of the Middle East in the 1970s." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 179 (2019): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-179-198-204.

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We consider the US-French interaction in the arms markets of the Arab countries of the Middle East during the period of the Arab-Israeli war of the Doomsday (1973) on the Camp David agreements between Egypt and Israel (1978) and the beginning of the Iran-Iraq war (1980). The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the region since the rise in oil prices from the late 1960s to present day remains a key competition place for the largest military-industrial complexes of Western countries, which primarily include the US and French. It is at this time lays the founda-tions of their competition. The purpose of the study is to explore the extent to which the activity of Paris, which, as an ally of Washington in NATO, openly collaborated in the supply of weapons systems with Soviet partners in the region, was willingly or unwillingly subordinated to actions or signals from the United States. We came to the conclusion that the lack of fierce competition, as well as countering the close cooperation of France with Libya, Iraq and Egypt, where the French managed to take a strong position compared to the Americans, is due to the fact that Washington tried to tear off the consumers of the Soviet military industrial complex from the USSR or even would weaken their dependence on Moscow in arms procurement.

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14

Kurdiaev, Grigoriy Igorevich. "Synthesis of National and Transnational in A. Konchalovsky's American Movies." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik7252-60.

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In September 2014 Andrey Konchalovskiy's White Nights of Postman Alexey Tryapitsyn won Silver Lion for the Best Director at the Venice Film Festival. European critics and advanced public have regularly marked endowments of the Soviet and Russian film director. Throughout his career he has received numerous awards at prestigious European film festivals. There are Crystal Globe in Karlovy Vary for the Romance for Lovers (1974), Grand Prix at Cannes for Sibiriada (1979), the main prizes of San Sebastian for Uncle Vanya (1971) and Homer and Eddie (1989). Meanwhile, Konchalovsky's success among American mass audience and critics has been much more modest, though Andrey Konchalovsky was the first in the early 1980s, since the time of the first wave of Russian 1910-20's emigration, who attempted to connect deeply national, Russian spirit with Hollywood production technology-oriented international strategy in his works. Being established in the Soviet Union as an esteemed author, Konchalovskiy decided to change the film industry to start over his career. Nowadays, in the context of the festival success in the European and Soviet/Russian cinema circles and the lack of attention in the United States, a question arises, if one can consider this attempt as successful one. In this article the author tries identify Russian national motives, which the filmmaker has introduced into Hollywood culture through his creative method, and those originally Hollywood themes and topics that have appeared for the first time in the works of the recognized Soviet director. Basing on Konchalovskys American works the author tries to elicit creative value in their national and transnational synthesis and expose the extent of their productivity and sensemaking.

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15

Walker, David W. "Shoulder to Shoulder? The American Federation of Labor, the United States, and the Mexican Revolution 1910-1924. By Gregg Andrews. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. Pp. vii, 272. Notes. Bibliography. Index. No price.)." Americas 51, no. 1 (July 1994): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008374.

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16

Gorton, Gary. "Clearinghouses and the Origin of Central Banking in the United States." Journal of Economic History 45, no. 2 (June 1985): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700033957.

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The pre-1914 U.S. banking industry is not easily characterized as a market operating through a price system. The endogenous development of the clearinghouse as the industry's organizing institution can be explained by inherent characteristics of demand deposits. During banking panics the clearinghouse united banks into an organization resembling a single firm which produced deposit insurance.

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17

Laufer, Henry. "Seasonality in United States home prices." Methods and Applications of Analysis 24, no. 1 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/maa.2017.v24.n1.a1.

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18

Sonora, Robert J. "Bivariate relative city price convergence in the United States: 1918–1997." Review of Financial Economics 17, no. 2 (January 2008): 92–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfe.2007.02.010.

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19

Clayton, Bruce, and Steven Biel. "Independent Intellectuals in the United States, 1910-1945." American Historical Review 98, no. 5 (December 1993): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2167241.

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20

Steigerwald, David, and Steven Biel. "Independent Intellectuals in the United States, 1910-1945." History of Education Quarterly 34, no. 2 (1994): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369123.

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21

Wilcox, Leonard, and Steven Biel. "Independent Intellectuals in the United States, 1910-1945." Journal of American History 80, no. 3 (December 1993): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080518.

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22

Orr, Elaine, and Steven Biel. "Independent Intellectuals in the United States, 1910-1945." American Literature 65, no. 3 (September 1993): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927402.

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23

Noble, David W. "Independent Intellectuals in the United States, 1910–1945." History: Reviews of New Books 23, no. 1 (July 1994): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1994.9950864.

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24

Brick, Howard, and Steven Biel. "Independent Intellectuals in the United States, 1910-1945." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 25, no. 2 (1994): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/206382.

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25

Dickson, David. "United States Drops Action on Ariane Prices." Science 229, no. 4713 (August 9, 1985): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4713.539.c.

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DICKSON, D. "United States Drops Action on Ariane Prices." Science 229, no. 4713 (August 9, 1985): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4713.539-b.

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27

Haines, Michael R. "Estimated Life Tables for the United States, 1850–1910." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 31, no. 4 (January 1998): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01615449809601197.

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28

Depken, Craig A., and E. Frank Stephenson. "Copper Theft in the United States." American Economist 62, no. 1 (October 11, 2016): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434516672760.

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Using monthly data for three proxies of copper theft, this article uses multivariate regression models to examine the relationship between copper prices and copper theft in the United States from 2006 through mid-2013. The findings indicate that copper thefts, as proxied by insurance claims for copper theft, newspaper articles in LexisNexis mentioning copper theft, and Google searches, are positively related to copper prices with the former two reflecting a constant elasticity not statistically different from unity. There is some evidence that copper thefts are related to the general pattern of property crime but there is no evidence that copper thefts are related to unemployment or foreclosures.

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29

Savage, Philip, Sarah Mahmoud, Yogin Patel, and Hagop Kantarjian. "Cancer Drugs: An International Comparison of Postlicensing Price Inflation." Journal of Oncology Practice 13, no. 6 (June 2017): e538-e542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2016.014431.

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Purpose: The cost of cancer drugs forms a rising proportion of health care budgets worldwide. A number of studies have examined international comparisons of initial cost, but there is little work on postlicensing price increases. To examine this, we compared cancer drug prices at initial sale and subsequent price inflation in the United States and United Kingdom and also reviewed relevant price control mechanisms. Methods: The 10 top-selling cancer drugs were selected, and their prices at initial launch and in 2015 were compared. Standard nondiscounted prices were obtained from the relevant annual copies of the RED BOOK and the British National Formulary. Results: At initial marketing, prices were on average 42% higher in the United States than in the United Kingdom. After licensing in the United States, all 10 drugs had price rises averaging an overall annual 8.8% (range, 1.4% to 24.1%) increase. In comparison, in the United Kingdom, six drugs had unchanged prices, two had decreased prices, and two had modest price increases. The overall annual increase in the United Kingdom was 0.24%. Conclusion: Cancer drug prices are rising substantially, both at their initial marketing price and, in the United States, at postlicensing prices. In the United Kingdom, the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme, an agreement between the government and the pharmaceutical industry, controls health care costs while allowing a return on investment and funds for research. The increasing costs of cancer drugs are approaching the limits of sustainability, and a similar government-industry agreement may allow stability for both health care provision and the pharmaceutical industry in the United States.

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Liu, Zhuolun, Yuyang Wang, and Fucheng Xu. "A study on the causes and countermeasures of rising Prices in the United States -- Taking food and petroleum as examples." BCP Business & Management 23 (August 4, 2022): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v23i.1367.

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This paper focuses on the current news in the United States of America about the growing prices. Since 2021, the prices in the United States have grown crazy, and after the war in Ukraine broke out, they increased even faster than before. Now the government of the United States has already taken some measures to solve the problem, but the measures are not useful because the prices are still growing. The paper will analyze the reasons and measures for the growing prices, then provide optimization plans based on existing policies. Considering the ability of the group members, the paper will focus on gasoline and food, which matter in the daily lives of American people and industries and stand out among all the increasing prices in the United States. Overall, the paper’s goal is to find some ideas to solve the price problems effectively and give optimization suggestions to the government of the United States.

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Argente, David, Chang-Tai Hsieh, and Munseob Lee. "Measuring the Cost of Living in Mexico and the United States." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20200486.

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We use a dataset with prices and spending on consumer packaged goods matched at the bar code level across the United States and Mexico to measure the price index in Mexico relative to the United States. Mexican prices relative to the United States are 23 percent lower compared to the International Comparisons Project’s (ICP) price index. We decompose the 23 percent gap into the biases from imputation, sampling, quality, and variety. Quality bias increases Mexican prices by 48 percent. Imputation, sampling, and variety bias lowers Mexican prices by 11 percent, 13 percent, and 33 percent, respectively. (JEL C43, E31, I31, O11, O12)

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Banzhaf, H. S. "Quantifying the Qualitative: Quality-Adjusted Price Indexes in the United States, 1915-61." History of Political Economy 33, Suppl 1 (January 1, 2001): 345–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-33-suppl_1-345.

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CARNEIRO, DIEGO, and GUILHERME IRFFI. "The dynamic intensity of CO 2 emissions: empirical evidence for the 20 th century." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 37, no. 4 (December 2017): 772–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572017v37n04a07.

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ABSTRACT The debate around the economic growth and environmental degradation is the hot topic among academics. However, up to a point, all of them embrace the uncontroversial view that tells us that anthropic factors have leverage on global climate. It happens that the so-called greenhouse effect is closely related to the accumulation of certain gases in the atmosphere, e.g., carbon dioxide, whose original source comes from productive sectors. Thus, our purpose in this article is to estimate the rate of emission intensity - here we mean the ratio between CO2 emissions and GDP - which has increased since the early part of the 20th century. To support that idea, this study reports on data from 24 different countries. In terms of C02 emission, the results undoubtedly show that United Kingdom and the United States highlight a negative picture, particularly when both are compared to India. It should be noted the presence of structural changes, which coincide with three major historical events: the World War I (1914-1918), the Great Depression in the 1930s, and finally the Oil-price shocks in the 1970s. As the result of the analysis demonstrates, the amount of emission produced by developing countries is surprisingly low. That the technology reveals its relative merit for reducing the overall emission intensity is transparently obvious.

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Yeniwati, Yeniwati. "FAKTOR PENDORONG EKSPOR PRODUK TEKSTIL INDONESIA KE AMERIKA." Ecosains: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.347157.00.

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This study aims to analyze effect of export prices and United States income on export textile Indonesia to The United State. Types of data used are secondary data from 1982 until 2011. Analysis of the data used the OLS Method. The results are export prices and United States income significant effect on exports of textiles Indonesia to the United States. It can be seen from positive coefficient value and significant.

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Serletis, Apostolos. "Money and stock prices in the United States." Applied Financial Economics 3, no. 1 (March 1993): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/758527816.

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Carson, Byron. "Firm-Led Malaria Prevention in the United States, 1910-1920." American Journal of Law & Medicine 42, no. 2-3 (May 2016): 310–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858816658271.

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In the absence of capable government services, a railroad company in Texas and multiple cotton mills in North Carolina successfully prevented malaria in the early twentieth century. This Article looks through the lens of economics to understand how and why people had the incentive to privately coordinate malaria prevention during this time, but not after. These firms, motivated by increases in productivity and profit, implemented extensive anti-malaria programs and used their hierarchical organizational structures to monitor performance. The factors underlying the decline of private prevention include a fall in the overall rate of malaria, the increasing presence of the federal government, and technological innovations that lowered exposure to mosquitoes. Understanding how, why, and when firms can prevent diseases has important implications for current disease policy, especially where governments, international organizations, and technologies are not enough.

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Manitakis, Nicolas, and Mikhalis N. Michael. "Cypriot Emigration to the United States of America (1910-1930)." Chronos 30 (January 10, 2019): 99–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v30i0.330.

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loannis Tserkezis, born in 1874, in Mazotos, a village in the Larnaca district of Cyprus, came from a poor family and was sent by his father to Smyrna, in 1888, aged 14, to seek employment to strengthen the family's income. The young Greek Cypriot's family was counting on help that would be provided to the young immigrant by his uncle (on his father 's side), who had been living in that multicultural Ottoman city for a considerable length of time. Despite his uncle 's efforts, the search for employment proved fruitless, and thus, after a brief period of time, Tserkezis was forced to return to his native country. He was not disheartened, though. He continued his efforts to find employment abroad during the years that followed. In 1899, he made efforts to settle in Alexandria and in 1902 went back to Smyrna, but both ventures proved unsuccessful. Up until then Tserkezis had chosen to emigrate to the most common destinations for the Cypriots of the time. That is, to Egypt or countries within the Ottoman Empire (Tserkezis 1988: 13-101).

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Koegel, John. "Mexican Musicians in California and the United States, 1910-50." California History 84, no. 1 (2006): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25161856.

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Smith, Michael M. "The Mexican Secret Service in the United States, 1910-1920." Americas 59, no. 1 (July 2002): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2002.0091.

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Throughout the era of the Mexican Revolution, the United States provided sanctuary for thousands of political exiles who opposed the regimes of Porfirio Díaz, Francisco Madero, Victoriano Huerta, and Venustiano Carranza. Persecuted enemies of Don Porfirio and losers in the bloody war of factions that followed the ouster of the old regime continued their struggle for power from bases of operation north of the international boundary in such places as San Francisco, Los Angeles, El Paso, San Antonio, New Orleans, and New York. As a consequence, Mexican regimes were compelled not only to combat their enemies on domestic battlefields but also to wage more subtle campaigns against their adversaries north of the Río Bravo. The weapons in this shadowy war included general intelligence gathering, surveillance, espionage, counter-espionage, and propaganda; the agency most responsible for these activities was the Mexican Secret Service.

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Fullerton, Thomas M., and Steven L. Fullerton. "Aggregate Online Brand Name Pharmacy Price Dynamics for the United States and Mexico." Economies 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10050112.

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Virtual cross-border medical tourism allows many residents in the United States to purchase brand name medicines from companies in Mexico without travelling there. Monthly economic reports indicate that the online brand name pharmaceutical product prices in Mexico are noticeably lower than the corresponding internet prices in the United States. There have been very few econometric studies on how these prices are linked and the dynamic nature of those relationships. Results in this study indicate that online medicine prices in Mexico respond very rapidly to online prices changes in the high-price market.

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Rodwin, Marc A. "Pharmaceutical Price and Spending Controls in France: Lessons for the United States." International Journal of Health Services 50, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731419897580.

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As U.S. policymakers consider strategies to control pharmaceutical spending, they can learn from France, which has stopped drug spending growth without slowing access to innovative medicines. France determines the comparative therapeutic value of new drugs. Insurance pays more for drugs superior to their comparator and the same or less for drugs offering modest or no improvement. Contracts require discounts for high sales volume and prohibit price increases. In addition, payers reduce prices of older drugs. Furthermore, Parliament sets an insurance pharmaceutical spending budget, and manufacturers pay clawbacks when spending exceeds the budget. France offers these lessons: setting prices based on added therapeutic value is a principled means to cap new drug prices and provides incentives for manufacturers to negotiate prices. Restricting formularies can help lower prices. Insurers can link prices and quantity to control spending and improper uses. Insurers can use global budgets to control spending and negotiate prices. Contracts can prevent manufacturers from raising prices after launch. External reference pricing can reduce price discrimination but is difficult to implement. Nations can ensure rapid access to new drugs while controlling prices. Regulation and competition are complementary strategies to control drug spending.

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FROST, CAROL A., and GRACE POWNALL. "A Comparison of the Stock Price Response to Earnings Disclosures in the United States and the United Kingdom." Contemporary Accounting Research 11, no. 1 (June 9, 1994): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.1994.tb00436.x.

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Wasserman, Ira M. "The Impact of Epidemic, War, Prohibition and Media on Suicide: United States, 1910–1920." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 22, no. 2 (June 1992): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1992.tb00231.x.

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ABSTRACT: The paper utilizes a natural experiment approach to estimate the impact of exogenous social and political events on suicide behavior in the United States between 1910 and 1920. The study is concerned with determining the impact of World War I, the great Influenza Epidemic, and the prohibition experiment on suicide. Estimating the monthly population in the United States registration area from 1910 to 1920, monthly suicide and mortality rates are computed. A time‐series model is postulated, and second‐order autoregressive estimates are used to determine the impact of the independent variables in the model. It is concluded that World War I did not influence suicide; the Great Influenza Epidemic caused it to increase; and the continuing decline in alcohol consumption between 1910 and 1920 depressed national suicide rates. Further individual‐level aggregate studies are needed to confirm the findings of the study.

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Neufeld, John L. "Price Discrimination and the Adoption of the Electricity Demand Charge." Journal of Economic History 47, no. 3 (September 1987): 693–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700049068.

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Between 1905 and 1915, as state price regulation became widespread, electric utilities in the United States faced severe competition. The primary source of electricity for industry then was not utilities but self-generation by the user in an “isolated plant.” The demand-charge rate structure first became widespread during this period. The demand-charge rate structure has been interpreted as a misapplication of the peak-load pricing principle, a view which has made its popularity a puzzle. Instead it was adopted as a sophisticated mechanism which institutionalized profit-maximizing price discrimination given the competition from isolated plants.

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Fuller, Frank H., Mamane M. Annou, and Eric J. Wailes. "Market Impacts of Adopting Herbicide-Resistant Rice in the Southern United States." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35, no. 1 (April 2003): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800006027.

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Herbicide-resistant (HR) rice varieties offer U.S. rice producers a powerful tool for control of red rice infestations. However, improved weed control can shorten crop rotations and boost yields, resulting in expanded rice production and lower domestic market prices. Declining market returns diminish the benefits of HR rice adoption and substantially reduce net returns for nonadopters. More competitive prices increase U.S. rice exports, causing a slight decline in world rice prices. The dependence of the rice marketing loan program on world prices prevents loan deficiency payments from adequately offsetting producers' market revenue losses. U.S. consumers gain from lower rice prices.

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Asrini, Yulmi Nur, Siti Hodijah, and Nurhayani Nurhayani. "Analisis ekspor kayu manis Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat." e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 9, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v9i2.6647.

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This study analyzes Indonesian cinnamon export volume to the United States, export cinnamon prices, exchange rates, and domestic cinnamon production. In addition, to investigate the effect of export cinnamon prices, exchange rates, and domestic cinnamon production on Indonesian cinnamon exports to the United States in 2000-2017. The data used was obtained from the official website of the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, United Nations Commodity Trade (COMTRADE), and the Plantation Service. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive and quantitative analysis method with multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis results, it can be concluded that simultaneously export cinnamon prices, exchange rates, and domestic cinnamon production have a significant effect on Indonesian cinnamon exports to the United States. The exchange rate and domestic cinnamon production have a considerable impact, but the price of export cinnamon had no significant effect on Indonesia's cinnamon exports to the United States. Keywords: Export cinnamon, Price, Exchange rate, Production.

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Uri, Noel D. "Target prices, market prices, and economic efficiency in agriculture in the United States." Journal of Consumer Policy 12, no. 1 (March 1989): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00411386.

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Salisbury, Richard V. "Great Britain, The United States, and the 1909–1910 Nicaraguan Crisis." Americas 53, no. 3 (January 1997): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008030.

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Victory over Spain in 1898 provided the United States with the opportunity to pursue the various options that imperial status now offered. Indeed, under the influence of the strategic precepts of an Alfred Thayer Mahan, the messianic expansionism of a Josiah Strong, the extended frontier concept of a Frederick Jackson Turner, and the now seemingly obtainable economic aspirations of a James G. Blaine, North Americans looked to their newly established imperial arena with anticipation and confidence. It would be the adjacent circum-Caribbean region, for the most part, where the United States government would attempt to create the appropriate climate for the attainment of its strategic, economic, and altruistic goals. Acquisition of the Canal Zone in 1903 served in particular to focus U.S. attention on the isthmus. Accordingly, whenever revolutionary violence erupted in Central America, the United States government more often than not took vigorous action to ensure the survival or emergence of governments and factions which were supportive of North American interests.

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Nichols, Joseph B., Stephen D. Oliner, and John D. Wolken. "Commercial and Residential Land Prices Across the United States." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2010, no. 16 (February 2010): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2010.16.

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Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen, and Seyed Hesam Ghodsi. "Policy Uncertainty and House Prices in the United States." Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2017.12089999.

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