Academic literature on the topic 'Price-setting technologies'

Yearly population growth will lead to a significant increase in agricultural production in the coming years. Twenty-first century agricultural producers will be facing the challenge of achieving food security and efficiency. This must be achieved while ensuring sustainable agricultural systems and overcoming the problems posed by climate change, depletion of water resources, and the potential for increased erosion and loss of productivity due to extreme weather conditions. Those environmental consequences will directly affect the price setting process. In view of the price oscillations and the lack of transparent information for buyers, a multi-agent system (MAS) is presented in this article. It supports the making of decisions in the purchase of sustainable agricultural products. The proposed MAS consists of a system that supports decision-making when choosing a supplier on the basis of certain preference-based parameters aimed at measuring the sustainability of a supplier and a deep Q-learning agent for agricultural future market price forecast. Therefore, different agri-environmental indicators (AEIs) have been considered, as well as the use of edge computing technologies to reduce costs of data transfer to the cloud. The presented MAS combines price setting optimizations and user preferences in regards to accessing, filtering, and integrating information. The agents filter and fuse information relevant to a user according to supplier attributes and a dynamic environment. The results presented in this paper allow a user to choose the supplier that best suits their preferences as well as to gain insight on agricultural future markets price oscillations through a deep Q-learning agent.

In this paper we investigate interdependencies between transport, spatial economy, and the environment in the context of policies aimed at a global environmental target. A small-scale spatial price equilibrium model is formulated and used to perform a number of numerical simulations, and to investigate market-based versus environmentally sound spatioeconomic configurations with first-best and second-best policies, and with endogenous environmental technologies. We thus present a modelling framework capable of dealing with complexities associated with the simultaneous regulation, first-best and second-best, of multiple interdependent sectors in a spatial setting.

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER The core objectives of this paper are to understand constantly changing consumer choices over time and the manufacturing of flexible products to answer the problem. The flexible products with multiple utility choices can help consumers from every segment to fulfil their needs. The study has shed light on the flexible product manufacturing process and has also discussed launching strategies into the market with having considered various market factors in the process. METHODOLOGY A rigorous analysis of literature has been done to understand why flexible products should be preferred over standard products. Literature related to flexible product strategy is being examined and explored its dimensions of price setting and product utility. MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS This study provides a road map for companies to shift their focus on developing new manufacturing processes in order to develop flexible products to address dynamic consumer preferences. This study also shed light on the fact the flexible products might be more profitable for the company. RECOMMENDATIONS The findings show that flexible products provide larger range of utility choices and with a right price; it can be more profitable than a standard product. Flexible products can go along with mass customisation of products which can enlarge utility choices for consumers to an unlimited level.

The article considers the neсessity to study the consumers motivation when making a purchase, as one of the main factors ensuring the growth for goods and services demand. The review of consumer behavior models homo economikus and homo psychologicus and their postulates are reviewed. In the process of reviewing the models revealed key differences between rational and emotional consumer behavior, which is important in the formation of advertising appeals. The factors that determine the choice priority between rationality and emotional impact in terms of modern research are considered. The process of consumer decision-making on the purchase using the components of psychology is studied. Relevant, from the point of view of marketing, characteristics of the buyer’s behavior, which directly affect his attitude to the level of the product price and the reaction to changes in price, are presented and considered. It is necessary to take into account the risks to which the consumer is exposed when making a choice, which should be meant by the manufacturer when setting prices and developing advertising appeals. It was found that the study of patterns of consumer behavior allows manufacturers not only to identify consumer motives in the process of choosing and making a purchase decision, but also to form ways to influence them. The analysis of consumer behavior based on the considered models and risks showed that most consumers are not ready, and some do not want to be responsible for the choice and decision-making, while striving to “have a choice”. By studying consumer behavior, producers have the opportunity to significantly improve the pricing process and make a more accurate calculation of a “fair” price that is acceptable to the consumer. The need for accurate market segmentation is justified. It is proposed to conduct segmentation based on ABC analysis to ensure a sufficient size of segments required for the implementation of flexible pricing strategies. The article reveals that in modern conditions of market saturation, factors that have a special impact on buying behavior need a new quality. It is determined that the interaction of advertising technologies and pricing is based on continuous comparison of consumer benefits and their perception of the price offer, which is manifested in the degree of their involvement in the purchase process. The necessity of close interaction of advertising technologies and pricing as the most influential marketing tools on consumer behavior in modern conditions is substantiated. Achieving such interaction is possible through the study of consumer involvement in brands, motivating factors of consumer behavior and perception of advertising.

The United Kingdom has universal healthcare systems, the National Health System (NHS), in its four nations, with healthcare services provided free of charge at the point of delivery. Approximately 10.5% of the UK population has voluntary supplementary private health insurance. While the provision of inpatient medicines is free of charge, medicines provided in the outpatient setting have a dispensing fee in some of the nations, such as the case of England (co-payment). The UK marketing authorisation process is called product licensing and is overseen by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). There are different licensing routes based on the intended market for launch. MHRA also offers early access schemes and pathways for products targeting unmet medical needs and promising technologies, that aim to accelerate and facilitate market and patient access to products in the UK. These schemes include the option for companies to engage early with regulators and other system partners such as health technology assessment (HTA) agencies. As soon as the technology is authorised, it is available at a list price. Prices for medicines are regulated in legislation and in schemes agreed between the industry association and the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). The prices for the NHS are negotiated between the government and the companies. Routine funding decisions in the NHS are guided by HTA evaluations informed by agencies such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England, the Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) in Scotland, and the All Wales Medicines Strategy Group (AWMSG) in Wales. Many medicines and other technologies are subject to price negotiations in the NHS, sometimes with confidential price agreements. The NHS in England is legally mandated to routinely fund technologies recommended by NICE that have been evaluated by some of its programmes. The other UK nations have similar arrangements or recognise decisions made in England. The role and contribution of NICE and other HTA agencies in ensuring value for money and evidence-based decision making is well recognised worldwide.

e18064 Background: As the price of NGS-based sequencing technologies falls, adoption of those technologies is predicted to increase. To date, a survey of the adoption and utilization of NGS-based technologies as a part routine oncology clinical care has not been performed. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of physician adoption and utilization of commercial NGS testing in the community-setting between 2012 and 2018 was performed. Methods: Medical Oncologists in the Sarah Cannon Research Institute network ordered commercially-available NGS-based molecular profiling for their patients as standard of care. Data use agreements were initiated between SCRI, affiliated medical oncology practices, and commercial NGS testing providers, and patient NGS data were subsequently analyzed starting in 2012. Results: Community-based NGS testing rates within the Sarah Cannon network were 5.75/month in 2012 and 440/month in 2018. Plasma-based NGS testing began in 2014 and comprised 4.9% of total testing compared to 40.1% in 2018. The number of oncologists ordering molecular profiles increased from 11 in 2012 to 269 in 2018. Physician test utilization grew from an average of 6 tests/physician to 22 tests/physician in 2012 and 2018, respectively. NGS tests were performed on 34 different tumor types and biopsies were taken from both primary (~40%) and metastatic (~60%) sites . Tissue-based tests averaged 14 mutations/sample while plasma-based tests averaged 4 mutations/sample. There was a 74% decrease in median time between biopsy collection and NGS test results between 2012 and 2018 (131 and 34 days, respectively), indicating a shift toward the use of fresh – non-archival – tissue in recent years. Conclusions: These data establish NGS-based testing trends in community oncology practices and show that NGS-based tumor testing utilization has increased in the community-setting between 2012 and 2018. NGS testing is performed on a wide array of tumor types and oncologists utilize fresher biopsies.

The purpose of the paper is to determine the status and areas of improvement of state policy to support the development of green technologies in construction. Methodology. This review is based on the characteristics of individual areas of implementation of green technologies in construction. Possibilities of using renewable sources in the process of construction and operation of buildings are considered. It is established that different methods of energy production are used in energy efficient houses. These include photovoltaic solar panels, heat pumps, photothermal collectors, geothermal waters, mini hydroelectric power plants. It is emphasized that the energy consumption of such buildings should also be reduced; for the reason of special architectural design solutions, the energy-efficient materials with high thermal insulation properties are used. The peculiarities of the policy of stimulating the increase of energy efficiency of buildings in Ukraine are considered, the conclusion on its insufficient efficiency is given. The reason for ineffectiveness of the incentive policy is figured out. The directions for reduction of air and water pollution by filtration and use of rain and melt water for household needs are considered. It is established that the active implementation of innovation is impossible mainly due to obsolete housing and worn-out utilities. Eco-design is also used to increase energy efficiency in construction and architects must actively use passive and active methods of designing houses in different climatic conditions. Green construction also involves recycling of construction waste. Improving the environmental efficiency of buildings and structures involves the use of modern insulation materials, coatings. Currently, nanomaterials with unique properties are becoming widespread in construction. They have increased physical characteristics, in particular, accumulated thermal radiation, provided significant energy savings in winter and summer. The results of the study showed that the state regulatory policy (innovation policy, support of science and R&D, technology transfer, price policy regulation, updating of technological regulations) has an extremely important role in stimulating the spread of green technologies in construction. Practical implications. The most important areas of public policy in construction are: the implementation of environmental energy and quality international standards for construction products; stimulating consumer demand for environmentally friendly innovative solutions, including through “green” public procurement, setting reasonable prices for energy resources, stimulating the implementation of a holistic concept of product life cycle; development of financial mechanisms to support the demand for cleaner technologies and innovations.

Vegetable production is an economic booster contributing around 9.71% to total Agricultural Gross Domestic Production. So, the research study was performed under the topic “Assessment of vegetable production adopting climate-smart agriculture technologies in Chormara, Nawalparasi district” from March- April 2021 to assess the production of selected vegetables i.e. Cucumber, Tomato, Bitter Gourd, Sponge Gourd, and Chilly adopting climate-smart agriculture technology among 100 households applying simple random sampling. The study revealed that 96% of the total respondents were being affected directly by the ongoing climate change and to tackle such scenario 88% of the total respondents were adopting climate SMART Agricultural technologies including mulching, drip irrigation, cultivation of vegetables under the semi-protected house, quality seeds, etc. to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change with increased crop production. To enhance the productivity of vegetables and meet the food security of the increasing global population, farmers were integrating organic and synthetic fertilizers to attain the sustainability of soil health. It was found that 76% of the surveyed farmers were going through market hindrances like lack of proper market, fluctuation in price structure, and poor marketing channel suggesting an immediate need for a proper marketing system in the study area. The highest net return of USD 17588.53 per hectare and B:C ratio of 5.88 in tomatoes illustrated economic viability in vegetable production. Although vegetable production and marketing in Chormara seem a profitable business, the study suggests an immediate need for adoption and scaling up of successful CSA practices, its extension and proper implementation along with the provision of effective marketing channel and setting of minimum prices for the vegetable products based on the cost of cultivation that may overcome the farmer’s problems.

Setting performance targets and managing to achieve them is fundamental to business success. As a result, it is common for managers to adopt a satisficing objective—that is, to maximize the probability of achieving some preset target profit level. This is especially true when companies are increasingly engaged in short-term relationships enabled by electronic commerce. In this chapter, our main focus is a decentralized supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer, both with the satisficing objective. The supply chain is examined under three types of commonly used contracts: wholesale price, buy back, and quantity flexibility contracts. Because a coordinating contract has to be Pareto optimal regardless of the bargaining powers among the agents, we first identify the Pareto-optimal contract(s) for each contractual form. Second, we identify the contractual forms that are capable of coordination of the supply chain with the satisficing objectives. In contrast to the well-known results for the supply chain with the objectives of expected profit maximization, we show that wholesale price contracts can coordinate the supply chain with the satisficing objectives, whereas buy back contracts cannot. Furthermore, quantity flexibility contracts have to degenerate into wholesale price contracts to coordinate the supply chain. This provides an important justification for the popularity of wholesale price contracts besides their simplicities and lower administration costs. Finally, we discuss possible extensions to the model by considering different types of objectives for different agents.

The selection of the best crop rotation is very important for the productive property of agriculture. Crop rotation is extremely vital for soil fertility management and weed, insect, and malady management. Legumes are essential in any rotation and will comprise 25% to 45% of the cropland. Mixed cropping is essential for sustainable agriculture. The blessings of sustainable agriculture are ecological balance, low price of cultivation, clean setting, and nutrient food while not chemical. A cropping system will facilitate massive scale crop production from restricted land. Each little and huge farmer will adopt varied inhume cropping systems as a result of it and need low fertiliser and water. The aim of this chapter is to produce essential information of the cropping system for the sustainable agriculture.

The work is devoted to the problems of efficiency of bitcoins, especially power inputs due to generating of this cryptocurrency. Nowadays the problems of mining power input efficiency seem to have passed from a comparative problem to the problem of existence of this blockchain technology, requiring a different engineering policy or different managerial decisions. The comparative analysis of bitcoins generating power input and the world’s power input has shown that there are almost no trustworthy methods of evaluating input power for blockchain technologies. This problem is solved by application of contemporary methods by setting up big mining companies, located in areas with cheap electric energy and free power balance, possessing their own technological resources and thinking of creating alternative power capacities for mining objectives. At that the state systems start to introduce various limitations for power capacities used for cryptocurrencies including quotas and price privileges. Represented are the results of the analyses of the dynamics of alternation of the main parameters, influencing power consumption at generation of bitcoins on the basis of available literary data and own investigation. Given are the results of calculations regarding bitcoins generation, the costs of consumed electric power per mining of one bitcoin. A more objective index of bitcoin power consumption is suggested, it being correlated with its unit and the unit of heshrate eh showing that Nbtc·LgH duplex is constantly growing despite a decrease in general mass of generated bitcoins, while the relative bitcoin energy consumption decreases with time, still such decrease happens slower than the growth of its market value.

Securing safe drinking water in developing countries is a significantly important problem for engineers to be aware of. Out of 6.5 billion people in the world, 1.1 billion people still do not have access to safe drinking water in their daily lives. A team lead by the Department of Biological Science at our institution developed a prototype device called Water Pasteurization Indicator (WAPI). This device is used to check if water temperature heated by a solar ray reflector panel reached above the pasteurization temperature. The WAPI consists of Carnauba wax in a polycarbonate tube with both ends sealed, a washer for adding weight and setting up the orientation of a WAPI when it is submerged in water, and a fishing string for pulling the WAPI out of water. This paper describes development of a mass-production method for WAPIs. It is essential to establish a mass production method for WAPIs so that it can be made available to people in developing countries in large quantities with an affordable price. The manufacturing method was developed considering appropriate technologies which can be adapted by people in developing countries. In addition, the manufacturing method should be simple, economical, productive, and consistent in quality of WAPIs produced. After the prototype WAPI processing device was developed, a full-factorial design of experiment (DOE) was conducted to optimize three critical process parameters for sealing both ends of a polycarbonate tube by a pair of heat-clamping plates. These parameters are claming temperature, claming time, and clamping gap. During the period of Summer 2004 through Spring 2005, approximately 2000 WAPIs were produced by the WAPI processing device and were sent to Kenya and Tanzania, and all were tested to work successfully.

Abstract Turning an organization to an effective data driven decision making is vital factor to have and achieve digital transformation journey smoothly and successfully in the Energy sector, in which the energy industry has been trying to achieve the complete cycle Listen, Understand, effect and Decide rightly and quickly across the whole value chain such as HR, Finance, legal and contracts, operations, etc. since several decades where the software solutions were not in the priority list of the industry special the operations for many reasons, which created a serious of concequences which the industry is suffering from now such as listening carefully to the operations, understand the exact needs no matter how much we might save even if it’s 1 USD or 1 minute but do it correctly first time will save hours and millions later, silos in the organizations, distracted technologies not integrated, limitation of the technologies capabilities, people skills and compenetencies and the expectation the has been always set wrongly didn't support the industry to have organization reliance, security, safety, service quality and loyalty and reduce time and cost. With the current unprecedented crisis which are the COVID-19 and the massive oil crisis bundled together have created disturbance across the whole Energy industry which impacted the whole value chain not only for the Energy industry not the rest of the industries dramatically. The Panademic affect the whole key processes that the people used to for the last several decades, but the most important thing is change management process or manage to change process approach which is completely changed and from my opinion since years came true. Having the disruptive technologies will support the whole industry to come back much stronger than before as proven in other industries such as Aerospace and Defense, Telecome, Automative, Banking etc. The Intelligent Energy Platform focus on achieving what they couldn't achieve in the last decades through unique a approach towards the whole complete cycle Listen, Understand, effect and Decide, through developing and design a subway map for the whole workflows across the whole industry value chain integrating all the data sources together, by studying and remapping the whole processes, answering key four questions for each process, activity and tasks who, where, what and why, empowered machine learning with algorithms that will achieve the automation through digitizing and standardizing over a cognitive environment. There are several key pillars to get the digital transformation journey successfully and smoothly happening from my experience in the field operations, engineering, business, marketing and sales; Know and be clear on the end goal, which the Intelligent Energy Platform will include; select the right team from all the key stakholders, felexible and adoptable to change during the journey, tackle the exact needs for every process, activity and tasks, the power to change and update the solution at any given time, strong learning system, etc. In addition there are complimentary and network tool which is empowering the Intelligent Energy Platform that will expedite and support the journey massively, which is an advanced Infinity unique communication tool which is empower by all disruptive technology that will allow as an example all field engineers and management to be in one free Infinity business communication ' chatting' constructive and organize powered by disruptive solution where an example the engineer in a field and the operations has stopped for spare parts, equipment, machine, tool, etc. so he/she will send a normal message over our Infinity chatting app through the mobile or tablet and automatically this app will do a quick research in the back system, and display where it's available if it's within the country in another field, company, workshop, hence the engineer will click on the intended target, then automatically will go to the right approvals to approve on fly though the mobile or tablet, this will impact the performance of the operations massively and drop the non-productive time heavily by 20-30% and generate new business revenue in which few companies who are not utilizing all there equipment can rent to other sister companies and get revenue out of instead of just being in the workshop without any useful usage or productivity, it won’t stop by that only but will go to the contracts, legal, HR, etc. After implementing the solution and look to our demand graph, this free, perfect and instant unique communication app will allow the company immediately to see huge improvement on organization resilience which will reduce the time taken for any such request mentioned above from months to few days, organization will be more efficient, reduce cost by millions and millions meanwhile generate new business revenue by millions a well, enhance service customers loyalty and experience, improve decision making process, safety and security. this will impact directly the consumer surplus where the consumers who will be in this case the engineers will be willing to pay the gap based on the market preference and also avoiding the dead loss where the company will be financially and operationally more efficient. Not only that also transforming on people how they are communication through exchanging quickly photos expressing what they want to say, getting the attention quickly, make things faster in terms of decision that need to be taken through friends, families, and sometimes business as well with limitation. Digital is the only recourse and last hope for this industry to get out of its repeated pitfalls in the last decade and Intelligent Energy Platform will allow the industry and the whole value chain to be effectively integrated, tackle all the needs and requirements through Listen, understand, effect and decide to achieve a significant results, generate new jobs and roles and also will allow the industry to upturn again quickly and be able to face the upcoming expected and unexpected crisis. It's clear that the big players in the Energy industry are struggling because of several reasons but the most important factor is the digital path and develop digital solutions and one of the main issues is setting the right expectation which is related to the organizations, expectation and the experience across the whole ecosystem such operators, partners, vendors, etc. our Intelligent Energy Platform is focus on introducing an end-to-end platform solution focus on organization resilience, integrated technology, and completely agile complement by free, profit and instant app such as an infinity unique secured communication app, sharing experience business app, that focus on getting more and more networks to attract thousands and thousands of users and regain the trust and loyalty again in the industry. The unique secured communication app within the Intelligent Energy Platform which is n-sided with the engineers, service companies, management and business team will be zero-price quite close to the YouTube approach in terms of pricing strategy where it will be connecting n-sided with zero price and when it will expand it might be with negative price as well in which will allow 2/ 3 sided and even more to attract more users within the industries and enhance the service loyalty and quality, achieve one of the complex objective organization reliance, optimize performance, decision making and turn to data drive organization successfully and smoothly. Developing the Intelligent energy platform will allow our team to lead the platform approach in the Energy industry differently through free, profit and instant approach which will attract huge number of users who are looking for opportunities to gain the trust, loyalty again and feel secured. this will upturn the companies not only to find their ways throught the right approach but creating and developing new jobs and roles across the whole industry accompaniment significant contribution to the market revenue and profit.

This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.