Dissertations / Theses: 'Price of privacy'

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Byström, Jesper. "Oil Prices and Consumer Spending in Sweden : -Do Oil Price shocks affect Private Consumption?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172397.

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This thesis uses a Vector Autoregressive Model and an Impulse response function to examine the impact of rising oil prices on personal consumption expenditure in Sweden. In Sweden the use of fossil oil has been declining for several years, and by 2045, Sweden aims to have no net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, although, there is still a lot of oil left in the energy system, not least in the transport sector. As Sweden has continued to reduce its oil dependency and carbon dioxide emissions, it is interesting to investigate whether the international oil price has an impact on the consumption in Swedish households. In this thesis, oil price increases are found to have a negative impact on personal consumption expenditure. The result from this thesis could be an important implication for policymakers deciding about laws and subsidies for renewable energies when facing a trade-off between the environment and private consumption.

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Ellvin, Anders, and Tobias Pulls. "Implementing a Privacy-Friendly Secure Logging Module into the PRIME Core." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5439.

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When individuals access services online they are often required to disclose excessive amounts of personally identifiable information, with little to no transparency on how the information is used. One of the goals of the EU research project PrimeLife is to help people regain control of their private sphere in today's networked world. As part of PrimeLife a software prototype, named the PRIME Core, is being developed that contains a number of different privacy enhancing technologies. This thesis describes the implementation and integration of a privacy-friendly secure logging module into the PRIME Core. The logging module's purpose is to provide transparency logging to the PRIME Core, giving individuals access to a detailed log of how their disclosed personally identifiable information is used, in a secure and privacy friendly manner.

The thesis resulted in a privacy-friendly secure logging module being implemented into the PRIME Core. The client for the logging module still lacks features to be suitable for use by the Data Track. Further research is needed to make the implementation mitigate the risks posed by memory and disk forensics.

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Borggren, Lisa, Rebecca Grill, Susanna Lykken, and Maria Nilsson. "Demand based price determination for electricity consumers in private households." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295186.

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This report investigates the effects a demand based tariff would have on private electricity consumers and how it could contribute to a sustainable electrical grid. The fuse tariff that is currently used charges customers for their electricity usage and does not fully reflect the electrical grid load and thereby not the cost for the distribution system operators. A demand based tariff, that charges customers for their power peaks and promotes a change of behaviour better reflects the grid load and could lead to a more even grid distribution and a sustainable development. In light of this issue, two demand based tariffs have been constructed for the energy company Upplands Energi’s private customers’ current electricity consumption. One of the tariffs consists of a higher fixed cost and a lower variable cost and the other consists of a lower fixed cost and a higher variable cost, both leading to the same revenue för Upplands Energi. The two different demand based tariffs have been simulated and analysed, where the one with the lowest fixed cost is recommended since it gives customers higher economic incentives to change their electricity usage behaviour. It is essential that electricity retailers communicate the information of how the demand based tariff works to the customers in order to make them change their electricity behaviour to attain a sustainable grid.

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Nelson, Scott Thomas. "Private information and price regulation In the US credit card market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108999.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-36).
Lenders typically learn new information about their borrowers over time but can be restricted from repricing debt in response to this information. I study a leading example of such re-pricing restrictions, the 2009 Credit CARD Act, to ask how such restrictions affect credit market efficiency. Using a near-universe of US consumer credit card account data as well as a large random sample of US consumer credit reports, I show evidence that the Act's restrictions had two competing effects: on the one hand, a decoupling between prices and default risk on existing loans over time, which engenders adverse selection through higher attrition of safe borrowers; on the other hand, lower markups on borrowers revealed to be inelastic, and hence lower price dispersion in the market overall. To quantify these two forces' net effect on market efficiency, I build a model of a competitive credit market with private information and changing borrower types over time, and I use the model to ask whether, and for whom, the Act's restrictions bring prices closer to an efficient benchmark of prices equaling marginal costs. While fully estimating the model remains a goal for future work, I here show preliminary results of how the model estimation is proceeding.
by Scott Thomas Nelson.
S.M.

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Iqbal, Muhammad Usman Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Location privacy in automotive telematics." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Surveying & Spatial Information Systems, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43807.

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The convergence of transport, communication, computing and positioning technologies has enabled a smart car revolution. As a result, pricing of roads based on telematics technologies has gained significant attention. While there are promised benefits, systematic disclosure of precise location has the ability to impinge on privacy of a special kind, known as location privacy. The aim of this thesis is to provide technical designs that enhance the location privacy of motorists without compromising the benefits of accurate pricing. However, this research looks beyond a solely technology-based solution, For example, the ethical implications of the use of GPS data in pricing models have not been fully understood. Likewise. minimal research exists to evaluate the technical vulnerabilities that could be exploited to avoid criminal or financial penalties. To design a privacy-aware system, it is important to understand the needs of the stakeholders, most importantly the motorists. Knowledge about the anticipated privacy preferences of motorists is important in order to make reasonable predictions about their future willingness to adopt these systems. There is limited research so far Otl user perceptions regarding specific payment options in the uptake of privacy-aware systems. This thesis provides a critical privacy assessment of two mobility pricing systems, namely electronic tolls and mobility-priced insurance. As a result of this assessment. policy recommendations arc developed which could support a common approach in facilitating privacy-aware mobility-pricing strategies. This thesis also evaluates the existing and potential inferential threats and vulnerabilities to develop security and privacy recommendations for privacy-aware pricing designs for tolls and insurance. Utilising these policy recommendations and analysing user-perception with regards to the feasibility of sustaining privacy and willingness to pay for privacy, two privacy-aware mobility pricing designs have been presented which bridge the entire array of privacy interests and bring them together into a unified approach capable of sustaining legal protection as well as satisfying privacy requirements of motorists. It is maintained that it is only by social and technical analysis working in tandem that critical privacy issues in relation to location can be addressed.

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Conway, M. Christine. "Targeting Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowner Groups for Timber Market Entry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28991.

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This study models the timber market entry decisions of nonindustrial private landowners. It involves examining reservation prices both for harvesting timber from existing forest land and for afforestation of marginal agricultural and abandoned land. An important conclusion drawn from these models is that financial returns are not the only drivers of these decisions. Preferences for amenities derived from forests and farmland are also important. An empirical model follows which characterizes willingness to accept for various landowner groups in Virginia and Mississippi. We identify preferences and characteristics of landowners and features of forest sites that are important to the unobserved price specific to each landowner. Estimation results are also used to assess the size of payments needed to encourage harvesting or conversion from agricultural to forest uses with 50% probability. The determination of reservation prices for landowners in different regions aids in forecasting potential timber supplies from NIPF lands that are either actively managed for timber production or are not, as well as from marginal land not yet in forests, under different policy and pricing scenarios. Furthermore, it gives insight into evolving land use patterns.
Ph. D.

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Weihrauch, Ronja. "Criminalising cannabis in South Africa: a history and post-Prince discussion." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33974.

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This thesis circles around the history of the criminalisation of cannabis as well as its decriminalisation around 100 years later. While dagga was cultivated and used by the indigenous tribes long before the first settlers arrived and even remained a legal substance during the colonial period, with the implementation of the first national legislation in 1922, the long history of harsh punishments began. Relating the harsh legislation on dagga to its estimated risks, I ultimately confirm dagga to be the black sheep among drugs, having experienced a racial prohibition. In September 2018, the Constitutional Court partially decriminalised dagga, due to the inconsistency of certain regulations prohibiting the use, possession, and cultivation of dagga with the right to privacy as referenced from section 14 of the Constitution. Emphasising the significant and practical impact of this judgement, possibly positive effects of the decision as well as the newly introduced Cannabis for Private Purposes Bill on the desperately overwhelmed criminal justice system are examined. Concluding, I find that the discourse around dagga most certainly is far from complete but that we have to continue conducting it. Because if history teaches us one thing it is that dagga is here to stay.

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Mui, Kai-yeung. "The impact of sandwich class housing scheme on adjacent private properties." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2006. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37943273.

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Rigaud, Maxime, and Tianlin Shao. "National Brand Positioning in the Swedish Meat Market : How to maintain a price premium." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179878.

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A global trend of decreased Willingness to pay(WTP) price premiums for national brands prevails.In this paper, the authors shed light on how national brands(NBs) can best defend their pricepremiums towards Private labels(PLs). This is done through studying what factors drives the WTPprice premiums for national brands and what attributes are important when consumers buy meatproducts.With inputs from the literature and conducted focus groups, a questionnaire testing our constructedhypothesis and the importance of attributes were collected from 163 respondents. A connection ismade to the theory of positioning using a customer-based brand equity concept.The results show that the WTP is driven by high perceived risk, perceived quality gap between NBsand PLs, is moderated by consumer involvement and mediated through PL experience. Swedishmeat, good animal husbandry, supporting farmers and locally produced meat were all importantattributes national brands should associate with their brands.

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10

Wegmann, Bertil. "Bayesian Inference in Structural Second-Price Auctions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-57278.

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The aim of this thesis is to develop efficient and practically useful Bayesian methods for statistical inference in structural second-price auctions. The models are applied to a carefully collected coin auction dataset with bids and auction-specific characteristics from one thousand Internet auctions on eBay. Bidders are assumed to be risk-neutral and symmetric, and compete for a single object using the same game-theoretic strategy. A key contribution in the thesis is the derivation of very accurate approximations of the otherwise intractable equilibrium bid functions under different model assumptions. These easily computed and numerically stable approximations are shown to be crucial for statistical inference, where the inverse bid functions typically needs to be evaluated several million times. In the first paper, the approximate bid is a linear function of a bidder's signal and a Gaussian common value model is estimated. We find that the publicly available book value and the condition of the auctioned object are important determinants of bidders' valuations, while eBay's detailed seller information is essentially ignored by the bidders. In the second paper, the Gaussian model in the first paper is contrasted to a Gamma model that allows intrinsically non-negative common values. The Gaussian model performs slightly better than the Gamma model on the eBay data, which we attribute to an almost normal or at least symmetrical distribution of valuations. The third paper compares the model in the first paper to a directly comparable model for private values. We find many interesting empirical regularities between the models, but no strong and consistent evidence in favor of one model over the other. In the last paper, we consider auctions with both private-value and common-value bidders. The equilibrium bid function is given as the solution to an ordinary differential equation, from which we derive an approximate inverse bid as an explicit function of a given bid. The paper proposes an elaborate model where the probability of being a common value bidder is a function of covariates at the auction level. The model is estimated by a Metropolis-within-Gibbs algorithm and the results point strongly to an active influx of both private-value and common-value bidders.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Epub ahead of print. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

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Yao, Cherry. "Behavior in Sealed-Bid Second-Price Auctions with Correlated Private Values and Discrete Bidding." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145116.

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Svanberg, Johan, and Daniel Max. "The Moat of Finance : Does Complexity Reward the Private Investor?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254858.

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This paper evaluates the ability of single and multi-ratio investment strategies, such as P/E, P/B, Magic Formula and Piotroski F-score, to generate excess returns and positive alpha values on the Stockholm Stock Market. Performances of the strategies tested are compared to the Stockholm Stock Market as a whole, also known as the index “OMXSPI”. In this paper, three single-ratio strategies are investigated along with three multi-ratio strategies, chosen on the basis of popularity among private investors, according to our observations. We also compare these strategies’ returns to the returns of the ten best performing funds, over the last ten years, found on SEB’s and Handelsbanken’s fund lists. We find that both multi and single-ratio strategies generated alpha values and that single-ratio strategies performed well, relative to multi-ratio strategies, considering their simplicity. The current portfolio composition from screening stocks based on low P/E, P/B and high dividend yield alone are also associated with less risk, expressed in volatility, than portfolios that would be composed based on the multi-ratio methods. We even find that one of the more complex strategies, Graham Screener, underperformed single-ratio strategies, when comparing yearly alpha values over 15 and 17 years, respectively. The funds’ alpha values are also very poor compared to both single and multi-ratio strategies considering the managers’ likely investment experience and complex investment systems. In sum, our empirical data suggests that excess returns were indeed attainable during the investigated time-periods by following a rule-based investing philosophy in conjunction with single or multi-ratio strategies, and unless the investor has sublime experience and knowledge, he or she is probably better off using this type of investing rather than making investment decisions in a discretionary manner.We also conclude that the Stockholm Stock Market probably suffered from lower market efficiency, from the perspective of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, and lower screening abilities and tools, such as Börsdata, among investors in the beginning of the testing periods, which could be one reason as to why these ratio strategies worked as well as they did. However, the results are still interesting because complexity does not seem to imply value (extra alpha generation) of significant magnitude, if at all. What does seem to imply value, are the minimization of human interactions with investment models and emotional stability.

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Lawrence, Gerald D. "Stumpage price expectations: an empirical analysis of nonindustrial private landowners in the Mid-Atlantic states." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51894.

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Numerous empirical studies outside of forestry have analyzed the role of price expectations in different decision processes. Empirical studies using price expectations in forestry research is a relatively new field of endeavor. Past studies have typically ignored or given cursory treatment to the role of price expectations. This study provides a review of studies in forestry that have attempted to incorporate price expectations into model formulations. Models are then developed to explain the short-run harvest, and long-run regeneration expenditure decisions by the non-industrial private forest owner, incorporating different distributed lag formulations to account for price expectations. The estimated models for the short-run harvest decision, using cross sectional non-aggregated data, indicates that price expectations play a significant role in this decision process. Therefore, price expectations should be incorporated in some form, (i.e. different forms of distributed lags), to properly specify models. Estimated models for the long-run regeneration expenditure decision indicates a weak link between economic variables and the regeneration decision. For both types of models, estimated coefficients for personal characteristics of landowners are in general considered insignificant, indicating the lack of influence that personal characteristics have on these decision processes
Master of Science

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Chan, Sin-wing. "Application of hedonic valuation model to the price of private estates' carpark in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25940533.

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15

Kang, Boo-Sung. "Empirical study on the Korean treasury auction focusing on the revenue comparison in multiple versus single price auction." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3051.

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This dissertation pursues to find an answer empirically to the question of the revenue ranking between the multiple price auction and the single price auction. I also attempt to get empirical clues in terms of the efficiency ranking between the two. Under the assumptions of symmetric bidders and private independent value (PIV), I derive the optimal bidding conditions for both auction formats. Following the structural model estimation approach, I estimate the underlying distribution of market clearing price using the nonparametric resampling strategy and recover the biddersÂ unknown true valuations corresponding to each observed bid point. With these estimated valuations of the bidders, I calculate what the upper bound of the revenue would have been under the Vickery auction to perform the counterfactual revenue comparison with the actual revenue. I find that, ex-post, the multiple price auction yields more revenue to the Korean Treasury than the alternative. I also investigate the efficiency ranking by comparing the number of bids switched and the amount of surplus change which would occur when the bidders are assumed to report their true valuations as their bids. I find that the multiple price auction is also superior to the alternative in efficiency which supports the current theoretical prediction. Finally, I investigate the robustness of my model and empirical results by relaxing the previous assumptions. I, first, extend the model and estimation to the case of asymmetric bidders where the bidders are divided into two groups based on their size. It shows that the model and estimation framework are still valid and that the empirical findings are very similar to the symmetric case. I also test for the presence of common value (CV) component in the biddersÂ valuation function. I propose the simple regression model adopting the idea of the policy experimental approach. I obtain quite an inconclusive result in general but find some evidence supporting PIV for relatively higher bid prices while supporting CV for lower bid prices.

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Law, Pui-man. "An empirical analysis of the impacts of government policies on private housing prices in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2005. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B3793613X.

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Lam, Weng-i. Janiver, and 林穎怡. "An examination of efficiency of the Hong Kong private housing market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574304.

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Munkunagorn, Pongsatorn, and Kedyanee Tochanakarn. "Consumer behavior towards private label brands:A study of Thai undergraduate students’ experience." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12594.

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Date: May 30, 2011 Program: MIMA – International Marketing Course name: Master Thesis (EFO 705) Title: Consumer behavior towards private label brands: A study of Thai undergraduate students' experience Method: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Quantitative method was used to collect the primary data for this research. Moreover, qualitative method was also used to support the results from questionnaires. Conclusion: The research attempts to examine the different factors that influence consumers' purchasing intentions of private label brands among Thai undergraduate students. Five important factors were identified; there are collectivist culture, perceived risk, price, quality and store loyalty. Collectivist culture and perceived risk were found out to be important background factors which affect the other three factors. Furthermore, the result shows that price and quality of private label brands are highly related as most of the target consumers tend to associate expensiveness with high quality and vice-versa. However, the effect of store loyalty on consumers' (Thai undergraduate students)purchasing intention was found out to be insignificant.

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Friberg, Kent. "Essays on Wage and Price Formation in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Economics, Stockholm University, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-304.

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Lam, Chi-wa, and 林志華. "Major factors contributing to the changes in private residential property price in Hong Kong: review andforecast." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895104.

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Escaleras, Monica. "Essays on the determinants of private investment : the effects of relative price uncertainty and political instability." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3150.

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The objective of this study was to provide empirical evidence on the effects of relative price uncertainty and political instability on private investment. My effort is expressed in a single-equation model using macroeconomic and socio-political data from eight Latin American countries for the period 1970-1996. Relative price uncertainty is measured by the implied volatility of the exchange rate and political instability is measured by using indicators of social unrest and political violence. I found that, after controlling for other variables, relative price uncertainty and political instability are negatively associated with private investment. Macroeconomic and political stability are key ingredients for the achievement of a strong investment response. This highlights the need to develop the state and build a civil society in which citizens can participate in decision-making and express consent without generating social turmoil. At the same time the government needs to implement structural policies along with relative price adjustments to eliminate excess volatility in price movements in order to provide a stable environment for investment.

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Narayanamurthy, T. R. "Mortgage finance : its impact on private residential property prices in Hong Kong /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25800632.

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Jammet, Adrien. "La prise en compte de la vie privée dans l’innovation technologique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D003/document.

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L’étude de la prise en compte de la vie privée dans l’innovation technologique est celle du régime juridique applicable aux données à caractère personnel. Cependant, la complexité contextuelle du sujet impose une analyse pragmatique, intégrant les éléments économiques et technologiques pour définir l’utilisation effective du droit dans et par l’innovation numérique. Cela passe nécessairement par une approche phénoménologique, expliquant le cheminement juridique qui a conduit le législateur à choisir une telle forme de protection, passant d’un droit au respect de la vie privée général à un régime spécifique applicable aux données à caractère personnel, puis à une observation de son efficacité à protéger l’essence de la vie privée. Au coeur de ce travail se trouve la volonté d’apporter des éléments de réponse objectifs permettant d’expliquer l’écart existant entre la faible confiancedu public accordée à la technologie en matière de respect de la vie privée, et les déclarations des législateurs sur l’efficacité des textes protecteurs. Alors que le consentement se trouve être la pierre angulaire du nouveau règlement général sur la protection des données, cette divergence mérite d’être analysée sur un plan juridique. Dès lors, on peut résumer cette thèse à une interrogation: quelle est l’efficacité réelle du régime de protection de la vie privée dans l’innovation technologique ?
The study of privacy within technological innovations is the study of the legal system surrounding personal data. However, the complexity and context of the subject imposes a pragmatic analysis, gathering elements of economy and technology, to define the reality of the use of the law by and within numerical innovations. As such, it necessitates a phenomenological approach, reviewing the historical steps that lead to the particular set of protections that the legislator has chosen, from a general protection of privacy towards a special regime applicable to personal data, and then an observation of its effectiveness to protect the essence of privacy. At the center of this work, we can find the will to understandthe gap between the trust given by the public to technology regarding the respect of one’s privacy and the declarations of legislators on the efficiency of the legislative response. Since the consent is the core principle of these regulations, this divergence deserves a legal analysis. Consequently, we can sum this thesis by a simple question: what it the real efficiency of privacy’s protection regime facing technological innovations ?

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Kim, Christian, and Susmita Mandal. "Accounting for Goodwill in Public vs. Private Deals : Evidence from US Mergers and Acquisitions." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123559.

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In 2001, the FASB (Financial Accounting Standard Board) introduced accounting regulations SFAS 141 and SFAS 142 to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of financial reporting. The new standards have profoundly changed the accounting for business combinations and goodwill under US GAAP by requiring reporting entities to no longer amortize goodwill over its expected useful life, but to test for impairment annually. However, the new regulation has met sharp criticism for creating a scope for high levels of managerial discretion which may be exercised opportunistically in the accounting for goodwill. This study examines whether the proportion of purchase price allocated to goodwill differs between public and private acquisitions. We try to answer this question by carrying out a quantitative study on 481 observations, between the period of 2001 to 2005 by studying the relationship between acquirer type (Public vs. Private) and target firm characteristic on goodwill allocated, and we find the following results: 1) Public acquirers allocate higher levels of goodwill in comparison to private acquirers. (2) Market-to-book values of private target firms are not positively correlated with recorded goodwill levels.

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Lam, Chi-wa. "Major factors contributing to the changes in private residential property price in Hong Kong review and forecast /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895104.

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Chen, Haidong, and Saalem Sadeque. "An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Price Perception and Reputation Dimensions’ Effects on Attitude Toward Private Label Brands." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1204.

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The study empirically investigated the effects of consumer price perception dimension and reputation dimension on attitude toward private label brands among young Swedish consumers. Consumer price perception dimension includes value consciousness, price consciousness, and price-quality association factors. Reputation dimension includes retailer’s reputation, existence of word-of-mouth (WOM), positive WOM, and negative WOM.

Previous studies have found that factors under the consumer price perception dimension have an impact on attitude toward private label brands. The current study argues, based on theoretical framework, reputation dimension could also be considered as having an impact on attitude toward private label brands but that this has not been investigated before.

Measurement scales for consumer price perception dimensions were taken from Baltas (1997) and Burton et al. (1998). New measurement scales were developed for factors under the reputation dimension. The reliability and validity of all the factors used in the study have been discussed.

A multiple regression analysis was conducted where the private label attitude was the dependent variable and all factors under the two dimensions investigated in the study were the independent variables. The results of the analysis showed that value consciousness and price consciousness factors under the consumer price perception dimension have significant relationships with attitude toward private label brands. Similarly, retailer’s reputation, positive WOM, and negative WOM under the reputation dimension have significant relationships with attitude toward private label brands. Specifically, these three reputation dimension factors were found to have more influence on attitude toward private label brands among young Swedish consumers than the two factors found significant under the consumer price perception dimension.

The major implication for the Swedish retailers is that they should put more emphasis on their own reputation (retailer’s reputation factor) and on positive WOM to develop favorable attitude toward private label brands among young Swedish consumers. They should also fight any negative WOM about their private label brands. In addition, the Swedish retailers should try to promote the quality aspect of their private label brands to the young Swedish consumers as value consciousness was found to be a significant determinant across the most of the demographic variables studied here.

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Ericson, Åsa, and Merima Mesic. "Packaging design and consumer response an evaluation of design characteristics in the private label lower price tier." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-126599.

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Allt fler dagligvarukedjor erbjuder produkter vid sidan av leverantörernas, dessa säljs under ett flertal egna varumärken som delas in i olika prissegment. Med det ökade utbudet av varumärken blir konsumenterna allt mer selektiva vilket ställer högre krav på en tydlig differentiering för att varumärkena ska kunna konkurrera och nå målsegmentet. Denna studie undersöker hur lågprisvarumärkena differentierar sig genom förpackningsdesign och vilka konsumentreaktioner det medför. Detta görs genom att identifiera och utvärdera de typiska stildrag som idag tycks gälla vid formgivningen av distributörers egna lågprisförpackningar. Stildragen fastställs utifrån kulör, typografi, bildspråk och visuell hierarki. De lågprisvarumärken som undersöktes var Ica Basic, Coop X-tra och Eldorado, vilka tillhör de tre ledande aktörerna på den svenska livsmedelsmarknaden; Ica, Coop och Axfood. För att uppfylla syftet och besvara de preciserade frågorna genomfördes en visuell datainsamling samt fokuserade gruppintervjuer. Under den visuella datainsamlingen fotograferades aktuella förpackningar i sina respektive butiker, där bilderna sedan användes för att identifiera de gemensamma stildragen. För att utvärdera de identifierade stildragen genomfördes därefter fokusgruppsintervjuer som undersökte konsumenternas reaktioner på förpackningarna. Studien visade att stildragen som lågprisvarumärkena använder sig av utgörs av ett utbrett användande av kulören vitt tillsammans med mättade kulörer, ofta i stora block. För typografin används grova linjära typsnitt satta i stor teckengrad. Stildragen för bildspråk utgörs av användandet av avskalade produktbilder samt enkla illustrationer. Den visuella hierarkin utmärktes av att förpackningsdesignen inkluderade få designelement och ett tydligt fokus på produktnamn, produktbild och logotyp. Stildragen har visat sig vara väl inarbetade indikatorer för lågpris hos konsumenterna då de har lärt sig associera dessa med lågprissegmentet. Det har även visat sig att stildragen medför associationer till låg kvalitet och att de överlag ofta uppfattas som icke attraktiva, detta väljer dock många att bortse från då engagemanget rörande livsmedelsprodukter visat sig vara lågt när det kommer till förbrukningsvaror. Att signalera en högre kvalitet och attraktivitet utan att avvika från stildragen har visat sig möjligt då Eldorados alternativa implementering väckt dessa känslor hos flertalet av studiens deltagare. Dock så medför detta även en problematik då varumärkets differentiering som lågpris tycks vara otydligare och därför riskerar att bli insorterad i fel prisgrupp hos konsumenterna.

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Ng, Ai-kheng Jasmine, and 黃愛琴. "Intertemporal pricing strategies: a study of the primary private housing market of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240781.

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Bessonova, Ekaterina. "Design of Public-Private Partnership for Waste Management in Port-Au-Prince, Haiti." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194639.

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Waste management is a growing concern in rapidly urbanizing developing countries and Haiti is noexception. Excessive amounts of improperly discharged waste endangers unique tropical environment, appears to bea reason of fast spread of epidemic diseases, increases risk of floods during the hurricane season and contributes toclimate change. Due to various historical, economic, natural and socio-political reasons, public sector of Haitianstate is not able to provide decent waste management service. Public-private partnerships are a highly-advocateddevelopmental tool for involvement of private sector in delivery of public service, relocation of stress fromgovernment budgets, privatization and decentralization. The study was conducted in order to suggest an option ofPublic-Private Partnership project that would suit the context of Haiti. In compliance with the principles ofsustainable development and in order to increase energy self-sufficiency, waste-to-energy approach is considered asa suitable option for waste management delivery. Public-Private Partnership is understood as a social system,models of partnership are created with the use of system theory approach. Theoretical base is complemented withthe concept of PPP and Waste Management Theory. This descriptive single case-study is a examining the choice oftechnology for energy recovery from waste, degree of privatization and general problematic issues that might occurduring the implementation of the project in the context of Haiti. Small-scale anaerobic digestion through concessioncontracting with service providers was picked up as the most favorable option after the analysis of surveys amongqualified experts, local citizens and literature review on the matter. It was also concluded that lack of publicmanagement capacity is a major obstacle for implementation of public-private partnership for waste management inthe context of Haiti.

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Silva, Rodrigo Alberto Correia da. "A iniciativa privada em saúde e a Constituição de 1988." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7465.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIR - Rodrigo Alberto Correia da Silva.pdf: 4444932 bytes, checksum: 6f16b8615d1a99cef06dba990b82fded (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-30
The access to health products and services is guaranteed by the Federal Constitution of 1988, that allows its supplying for both State and private initiative. Contrary to the constitutional determination we face a social crises once it is note everyone that have access to medicines and health plans that make accessible health treatments. The supply of those utilities by the State is much inferior of the need of the many miserable people that lives in Brazil. The work analyses the medicines and health plans price control that takes place in Brazil by the Medicines Chamber and by the National Supplementary Health Agency respecting the Brazilian economic order system created by the Federal Constitution of 1988 with the targets of population access increasing also mandatory according to the Federal Constitution of 1988. The Constitutionality analyses of those price controls is done through the study of the national legal system the economic analyzes of those markets and the relation between those two aspects of the study object. The work development includes the debate about public services and the State powers over the private renders of those services by permission or concession and the difference between them and the private agents that renders services non privative to the State. At the end the micro-economic aspects of the medicines and health plans are analyzed to understand the impacts and limits of the State Regulation on those and the of the price control mechanisms used today. The conclusion of the work is for the unconstitutionality of the prices control by offending the free competition and free initiative principles, among others, and by being useless to fulfill the constitutional task for the State Regulation that is the increasing of the population acess to those prod ucts and services
O acesso aos produtos e serviços de saúde é garantido pela Constituição Federal de 1988, que dispõe que estes serão fornecidos tanto pelo Estado quanto pela iniciativa privada. Todavia, a despeito da determinação constitucional, temos uma crise social, pois nem todas as pessoas têm acesso aos medicamentos e planos de saúde que viabilizem tratamentos de saúde, cujo fornecimento pelo Estado é muito menos abrangente do que o necessário às hordas de miseráveis que vivem no Brasil. O trabalho analisa o controle de preços de medicamentos e de planos de saúde realizados no Brasil, respectivamente pela Câmara de Medicamentos e pela Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar, em face da sistemática da ordem econômica brasileira, colocada pela Constituição Federal de 1988, bem como, pelos objetivos de ampliação de acesso a produtos e serviços de saúde também impostos pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A análise de constitucionalidade dos mencionados controles de preços é realizada por meio do estudo do sistema jurídico nacional, da avaliação econômica dos mercados em questão e da inter-relação entre esses dois aspectos do objeto estudado. Ao longo do trabalho se discorre sobre os serviços públicos e os poderes do Estado em relação aos prestadores privados destes serviços sejam concessionários ou permissionários dos serviços públicos e os diferencia dos agentes privados que prestam serviços não privativos do estado. Por fim são analisados aspectos microeconômicos dos mercados de medicamentos e planos de saúde para entender o impacto e os limites da regulação estatal destes e dos mecanismos de controle de preços ali empregados. A conclusão considera o controle de preços inconstitucional, por ferir os princípios da livre concorrência e da livre-iniciativa, entre outros, e por sua ineficácia comprovada para atingir a finalidade constitucional da regulamentação estatal que é a ampliação de acesso da população a esses produtos e serviços

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Leung, Kin-wing. "An empirical analysis of the impact of improvement of public transportation on the private residential property price a study of the Ma On Shan rail /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2006. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37938174.

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Mo, Zheng. "An Empirical Evaluation of OLS Hedonic Pricing Regression on Singapore Private Housing Market." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150401.

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The empirical paper studies the relationship between property value and hedonic attributes. To indentify the determinant characteristics the influent the private real estate price, their degrees of significance and help with the valuation procedure, 8870 private residential property transactions with caveats lodged across country are selected from Urban Redevelopment Authority of Singapore. 40 models are tested and RMSE, R-Square, Adjusted R-Square, F-Value tests are performed to discover the overall fitness of the models. Breusch-Pagan F-Test is performed to test the existence of heteroskedasticity and VIF test to check multicolinearity. Z score is performed to check the spatial autocorrelation. Three founding are discovered. Firstly, size, age, floor level, population density level, latitude and construction status are core attributes resulting from the regression. Secondly, new district zones classified by functions are detected instead of 28 administrative districts. Thirdly, government policies and local customs (Feng Shui) are proven to be determinant variables as well. Two suggestions are given to regulate the market in the end of this article.

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Kariuki, Isaac Maina [Verfasser]. "Price Formation in the Presence of International Private Food Quality Standard: The case of Kenyan French beans / Isaac Maina Kariuki." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024277828/34.

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James, Batuka. "Factors influencing the price of medical services : a survey of the pricing behaviour of private medical providers in Kampala, Uganda." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8629.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-90).
Understanding the pricing behaviour of medical providers in private clinics is important for the effective regulation of the private sector and ensuring that there is no extortion of patients. There is a global trend to encourage delivery of health services by the private sector reducing the public role to stewardship. Understanding the factors that inﬂuence the price of medical services in an out of pocket setting is important in designing strategies necessary to control the price of medical care. The study investigated the factors that inﬂuenced the price of medical services in Kampala district, Uganda. The respondents reported cost of drugs given to patients (type and dose of drug), other overhead expenditures, type of disease, income status of the patient and need to make proﬁt as factors which influence the price of medical services. On regression analysis, it was found that rent was a signiﬁcant factor on the price of medical services across all disease conditions. It was concluded that governments need to put in place effective regulatory mechanisms to ensure proper functioning of the private health sector.

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Šimková, Kateřina. "Postavení absolventů soukromých a veřejnoprávních vysokých škol na trhu práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194107.

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The work examines the diversity of the status of graduates of private and public colleges in the labor market. It describes the main differences between the two types of institutions. It includes argument for the existence of both types of institutions and the issue is viewed in terms of cost recovery of investments in education. As the main analysis method it is used questionnaires and structured interviews with personnel agencies. The main hypothesis of this study was proved. It means that graduates of private colleges are evaluated worse than graduates of public universities in the labor market.

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Banerjee, Anwesha. "Three essays on private contributions to a public good." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0109.

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Cette thèse de doctorat met en avant les facteurs différentes qui influencent les contributions volontaires à un bien public. Le premier article présente un modèle général de contributions à un bien public dans lequel les individus d’un groupe ont des préférences altruistes vers les autres membres de leur groupe. De plus, j’examine un deuxième modèle où les membres peuvent donner des transferts de revenus privés aux autres membres en plus de contribuer au bien public. Sous la séparabilité additive des fonctions d’utilité, je trouve que l’équilibre (Nash) du modèle avec des transferts est étroitement lié à l’équilibre du modèle sans transferts. Dans le deuxième article, co-écrit avec mon directeur de thèse Nicolas Gravel, j’analyse l’impact de la distribution de croyances des agents sur les contributions à un bien public. Nous construisons un modèle où il existe une incertitude quant à l’avantage d’un bien public. Les individus ont des croyances hétérogènes à propos de cet avantage. Nous supposons que les contributeurs ont des préférences savagiennes qui sont représentées par une fonction d’utilité espéré dépendante de deux états. Les individus ont des croyances différentes au sujet du bénéfice qui résultant de la somme de leurs contributions. Le troisième article utilise les données d’une expérience de laboratoire pour étudier comment les contributions à un bien public sont affectes lorsque les sujets sont confrontés à une incertitude quant à l’avantage du bien public. De plus, je compare le cas où les sujets diffèrent dans l’avantage qu’ils retirent d’un bien public avec le cas où l’avantage est homogène
This doctoral thesis highlights the different factors that influence voluntary contributions to a public good. Chapter 1 presents a general model of private provision of a public good where individuals in a group have altruistic preferences towards other members of their group. Moreover, I examine a second model where members can give private transfers of income to other members they care about, in addition to contributing to the public good. Under additive separability of the utility functions, I find the Nash equilibrium of the model with transfers is closely connected to the equilibrium of the model without transfers. The threshold level of income of the model without transfers and the income of the poorest individual in the group together play a key role in determining the existence of private transfers of income. Chapter 2 examines how voluntary contributions to a public good are affected by the contributors’ heterogeneity in beliefs about the uncertain impact of their contributions. It assumes that contributors have Savagian preferences that are represented by a two-state- dependent expected utility function and different beliefs about the benefit that will result from the sum of their contributions. Chapter 3 uses data from a laboratory experiment to study how contributions to a public good are affected when subjects face uncertainty regarding the benefit from the public good. In addition, I contrast the case when subjects differ in the benefit they get from a public good with when the benefit is homogeneous. I investigate whether heterogeneity in benefits affects contributions differently under certainty and uncertainty

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Cinà, Giovanni. "Il diritto privato tra Stato e Regioni: riflessioni comparatistiche." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422763.

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Traditionally, in Italy Private Law has always been considered exclusive to the State central authority. Even after the Constitutional Reform of 2001, which gave Regions a great deal of legislative powers, they still struggle to regulate these aspects of human relationships. Nonetheless, in these recent years, we are witnessing the slow arising of Regional Private Law. Very often, such legislation is challenged by the State before the Constitutional Court for its supposed inconsistency with the Italian Constitution, but it is not unlikely to see the Constitutional Court dismiss these appeals on the grounds of irrelevance. Moreover, it is still unclear which subjects are to be considered “private”. Any distinction becomes even harder when a different legal system is involved. In fact, terms like “private law” and “state” can acquire a very different meaning not only because of merely linguistic reasons, but also on legal and cultural grounds. For reasons duly explained in the first chapter, a significant comparison between the Italian legal system and all major European legal systems seems less meaningful than one might expect. Therefore, the focus is shifted to the common law tradition, particularly the U.S., where the distinction between private and public law has little bearing - if any - and where the federal experience can offer new solutions to a younger multi-level system of government.
Ormai da tempo il diritto privato ha perso la sua dimensione esclusivamente codicistica e la frammentazione delle fonti che ne è conseguita ha messo in crisi il rapporto simbiotico con la sovranità statale. In seguito alla riforma costituzionale del 2001, inoltre, le Regioni si sono viste attribuire competenze molto ampie che presentano senz’altro profili privatistici la cui disciplina però sembrerebbe riservata esclusivamente allo Stato dalla clausola dell’“ordinamento civile” ex art. 117, comma 2°, lett. l), Cost. La giurisprudenza della Corte costituzionale in materia, esposta nel secondo capitolo, non consente di individuare un orientamento né certo né definitivo. Per tale motivo, un raffronto con ordinamenti giuridici di maggior tradizione nel campo dei sistemi multilivello delle fonti potrebbe offrire nuovi spunti risolutivi ad un conflitto che vede contrapposte istanze di autonomia da una parte ed esigenze di uniformità dall’altra. In questo senso, l’ordinamento federale degli Stati Uniti d’America si propone, pur con le evidenti differenze, come un modello di tensione costante tra centro e periferia in cui l’interrogativo di fondo, come evidenziato nel terzo capitolo, riguarda invece il livello ottimale di normazione soprattutto in tema di diritti fondamentali. Il campo di indagine così individuato non può prescindere da alcune premesse terminologiche e concettuali, con particolare riguardo alle nozioni di “diritto privato” e “stato” e di come esse vengano intese a seconda dell’ordinamento di riferimento. Di ciò viene dato conto nel primo capitolo del presente lavoro.

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Fuges, Jennifer L. "The model of American philanthropy : as international organizations mimic our national reliance on the private sector, will they also pay a price? /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2002. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/393.

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Gugler, Klaus, Michael Weichselbaumer, and Christine Zulehner. "Competition in the economic crisis: Analysis of procurement auctions." Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2014.10.007.

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We study the effects of the recent economic crisis on firms' bidding behavior and markups in sealed bid auctions. Using data from Austrian construction procurements, we estimate bidders' construction costs within a private value auction model. We find that markups of all bids submitted decrease by 1.5 percentage points in the recent economic crisis, markups of winning bids decrease by 3.3 percentage points. We also find that without the government stimulus package this decrease would have been larger. These two pieces of evidence point to pro-cyclical markups. (authors' abstract)

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KIM, DONG-HYUK. "Bayesian Econometrics for Auction Models." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193663.

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This dissertation develops Bayesian methods to analyze data from auctions and produce policy recommendations for auction design. The essay, "Auction Design Using Bayesian Methods," proposes a decision theoretic method to choose a reserve price in an auction using data from past auctions. Our method formally incorporates parameter uncertainty and the payoff structure into the decision procedure. When the sample size is modest, it produces higher expected revenue than the plug-in methods. Monte Carlo evidence for this is provided. The second essay, "Flexible Bayesian Analysis of First Price Auctions Using Simulated Likelihood," develops an empirical framework that fully exploits all the shape restrictions arising from economic theory: bidding monotonicity and density affiliation. We directly model the valuation density so that bidding monotonicity is automatically satisfied, and restrict the parameter space to rule out all the nonaffiliated densities. Our method uses a simulated likelihood to allow for a very exible specification, but the posterior analysis is exact for the chosen likelihood. Our method controls the smoothness and tail behavior of the valuation density and provides a decision theoretic framework for auction design. We reanalyze a dataset of auctions for drilling rights in the Outer Continental Shelf that has been widely used in past studies. Our approach gives significantly different policy prescriptions on the choice of reserve price than previous methods, suggesting the importance of the theoretical shape restrictions. Lastly, in the essay, "Simple Approximation Methods for Bayesian Auction Design," we propose simple approximation methods for Bayesian decision making in auction design problems. Asymptotic posterior distributions replace the true posteriors in the Bayesian decision framework, which are typically a Gaussian model (second price auction) or a shifted exponential model (first price auction). Our method first approximates the posterior payoff using the limiting models and then maximizes the approximate posterior payoff. Both the approximate and exact Bayes rules converge to the true revenue maximizing reserve price under certain conditions. Monte Carlo studies show that my method closely approximates the exact procedure even for fairly small samples.

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Šestáková, Romana. "Ženy ve vedoucích pozicích a možnosti slaďování práce a soukromého života." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223674.

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This diploma thesis deals with issues of women in leadership positions and the possibilities of coordinating work and private life. In theoretical part the thesis deals with gender issues focusing on women in managerial positions. In the practical part I then analyze in detail the status of women managers in a selected company through the study of internal materials, guidelines, and then also using questionnaires and interviews with women and men in management positions. The thesis analyzed the attitudes of men and women in senior positions with an emphasis on associating work and private life. Solutions of employment of women in leadership position are proposed in conclusion.

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Ng-Kruelle, Seok Hian. "The price of convenience : implications of socially pervasive computing for personal privacy." 2006. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/46369.

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Literature has identified the need to study socially pervasive ICT in context in order to understand how user acceptability of innovation varies according to different inputs. This thesis contributes to the existing body of knowledge on innovation studies (Chapter 2) and proposes a methodology for a conceptual model, for representing dynamic contextual changes in longitudinal studies. The foundation for this methodology is the 'Price of Convenience' (PoC) Model (Chapter 4). As a theory development Thesis, it deals with two related studies of socially pervasive ICT implementation: (1) voluntary adoption of innovations and (2) acceptance of new socially pervasive and ubiquitous ICT innovations (Chapters 6 and 7).

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Wagman, Liad. "Essays on Privacy, Information, and Anonymous Transactions." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1165.

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This dissertation uses game theoretic models to examine the effects of agent anonymity on markets for goods and for information. In open, anonymous settings, such as the Internet, anonymity is relatively easy to obtain --- oftentimes another email address is sufficient. By becoming anonymous, agents can participate in various mechanisms (such as elections, opinion polls, auctions, etc.) multiple times. The first chapter (joint work with Vincent Conitzer) studies elections that disincentivize voters from voting multiple times. A voting rule is false-name-proof if no agent ever benefits from casting additional votes. In elections with two alternatives, it is shown that there is a unique false-name-proof voting rule that is most responsive to votes. The probability that this rule selects the majority winner converges to 1 as the population grows large. Methods to design analogous rules for elections with 3 or more alternatives are proposed. The second chapter (also joint work with Vincent Conitzer) extends the analysis in the first chapter to broader mechanism design settings, where the goal is to disincentivize agents from participating multiple times. The cost model from the first chapter is generalized and revelation principles are proven. The third chapter studies a setting where firms are able to recognize their previous customers, and may use information about consumers' purchase histories to price discriminate (which may incentivize consumers to be anonymous). The formal model considers a monopolist and a continuum of heterogeneous consumers, where consumers are able to maintain their anonymity at some cost. It is shown that when consumers can costlessly maintain their anonymity, they all individually choose to do so, which paradoxically results in the highest profit for the monopolist. Increasing the cost of anonymity can benefit consumers, but only up to a point; at that point, the effect is reversed. Some of the results are extended to a setting with two competing firms selling differentiated products. Finally, the cost of maintaining anonymity is endogenized by considering a third party that can make consumers anonymous for a fee of its choosing. It is shown that this third party would prefer to be paid by the firm for allowing consumers to costlessly maintain their anonymity.

Dissertation

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CHUANG, HAO-KAI, and 莊皓凱. "The Mediation of Perceived Privacy Risk and Price Consciousness for Innovation Retailing : The Case of Augmented Reality." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p34gsf.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
107
This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling Analysis (SEM) to explore the plenty and complete product information provided by physical stores through Augmented Reality (AR) smart glasses, the information quality and the personalization according to the customer's browsing behavior will affect the customer's purchase intention.It further incorporates the customer's perceived privacy risks and price consciousness to explore whether the perceived privacy risks will mediate the impact of information quality and personalization on purchase intentions, and whether price consciousness mediates the impact of personalization on purchase intentions. A total of 366 valid data were obtained in the study. There are four main results that (1) The information quality provided by AR smart glasses will significantly positive affect the purchase intention; (2) The personalization of AR smart glasses will significantly positive affect the purchase intention; (3) The perceived privacy risk of the customer is positively part mediate the influence of information quality on the purchase intention, and the negative part mediate the personalization affects the purchase intention; (4) The mediation effect of price consciousness between the personalization and the purchase intention is not significant.

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Zielinski, Marek Piotr. "On the use of economic price theory to determine the optimum levels of privacy and information utility in microdata anonymisation." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25371.

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Statistical data, such as in the form of microdata, is used by different organisations as a basis for creating knowledge to assist in their planning and decision-making activities. However, before microdata can be made available for analysis, it needs to be anonymised in order to protect the privacy of the individuals whose data is released. The protection of privacy requires us to hide or obscure the released data. On the other hand, making data useful for its users implies that we should provide data that is accurate, complete and precise. Ideally, we should maximise both the level of privacy and the level of information utility of a released microdata set. However, as we increase the level of privacy, the level of information utility decreases. Without guidelines to guide the selection of the optimum levels of privacy and information utility, it is difficult to determine the optimum balance between the two goals. The objective and constraints of this optimisation problem can be captured naturally with concepts from Economic Price Theory. In this thesis, we present an approach based on Economic Price Theory for guiding the process of microdata anonymisation such that optimum levels of privacy and information utility are achieved.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Computer Science
unrestricted

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Huang, Yi-hsiang, and 黃怡翔. "Enterprises'' stock price performance after private placement." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74677154314131184036.

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碩士
國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
94
There are more and more enterprises using private placement after private placement is permitted in Taiwan in 2002. It shows that private placement is becoming one choice for public companies to raise capital. The study examines the announce effect of private placement, the one year stock price performance after private placement, variables related to stock price performance after private placement, and earning management in private placement. The results of the study as follows： 1.Public enterprises’ private placement did not have a significant announcement effect; it maybe because that most public enterprises with private placement were small enterprises, when they announced private placement did not catch investors attentions. 2.Insiders know more information than general investors, and most private placement rose from insiders. It maybe shows that insiders think enterprises would get better after private placement. So insiders got major portion of private placement maybe the reason of the significant positive of one year stock price performance after private placement. 3.In regression analysis, firm size and stock price performance present significant negative relationship, the ratio of insiders and institutions has significant positive relationship with stock price performance. 4.The study did not find enterprises through earning management lure investors to attend private placement.

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Figueiroa, Filipe. "Measuring the effects of price movements on private consumption." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16485.

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This paper studies how shocks in the prices of Food, Energy and Financial Assets affect private consumption using a VAR Model. Then, the total effects are broken into direct and indirect effects, using the coefficients taken from the previous model. We use quarterly data for the Portuguese economy from the last 20 years. We found that energy prices and financial assets have a strong connection with consumption, suggesting that the economy may be too exposed to shocks in these markets.

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王光世. "Price discount (premium), performance and market reaction in private placement." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11966804245693687981.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
98
This study examines the effects of price discount (premium) on performance and market reaction in private placement. Three main findings are as follows. After classifying the sample into two categories, premium and discount, this study finds that the operating performance of the premium group is better than that of the discount group both before and after the private placement. The difference is especially significant after the private placement. Furthermore, the premium group shows positive market reaction after private placement while the discount group negative. Firm value is highly related to growth opportunity, and the influence of growth opportunity on firm value of premium group is significantly higher than that of discount group. The results also show that the magnitude of price discount (premium) is negatively (positively) related to operating performance and cumulative abnormal return after private placement. This may indicate that the price discount (premium) reflects the signal of future growth and risk of the firm in private placement.

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Han, Ye. "Three essays on first-price auctions with independent private values." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/113770.

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50

Ciou, Shu-en, and 邱數恩. "A Revised Priced Oblivious Transfer Protocol for Privacy Preserving in E-commerce." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58681344354473062764.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
100
Because the rapid development of network, the e-commerce also flourishing. There is an existing transaction protocol called Priced Oblivious Transfer (POT). It is applied that when a buyer wants to perform transactions with a seller, he would not disclose what he purchased. But, if there is a malicious buyer release the digital product illegally after buying it, the seller cannot be protected. Therefore, the protocol has been developed to protect the copyright for sellers, it called PBSW protocol. We discovered there are some defects in the POT protocol, when seller send the digital product to buyer, the privacy of buyer might be disclosed. The mechanism is not secure enough for buyer to perform purchase. In this paper, we revised these defects of POT protocol. In order to achieve protecting buyers’ privacy, we add a trust distributor in whole trade model. Because the watermarking technique in PBSW protocol is embedded the watermark into the digital product, the quality of product will be reduced. So, we also change the watermarking mechanism, we utilize the visual cryptography technique and proposed a Revised Priced Oblivious Transfer Protocol (RPOT). Our study achieves the definition in POT protocol by re-planning its model. In our experiment, we take the picture as an example, and utilize Visual Cryptography Technique to test robustness. The result of experiment, our watermarking mechanism is robust enough to resist attacks. The main contributions include the following. First, we improved the POT protocol and let buyers can buy in an environment which is privacy. Second, we conduct the process of generating secret share to make it more practical.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Price of privacy'

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