Relevant bibliographies by topics / Price of privacy

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Price of privacy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Price of privacy"

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Naumov, Pavel, and Jia Tao. "Price of privacy." Journal of Applied Logic 20 (March 2017): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jal.2016.11.035.

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Stewart-Amidei, Chris. "The Price of Privacy." Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 35, no. 5 (October 2003): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01376517-200310000-00001.

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Lesk, Michael. "The Price of Privacy." IEEE Security & Privacy 10, no. 5 (September 2012): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2012.133.

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Baumann, Annika, Johannes Haupt, Fabian Gebert, and Stefan Lessmann. "The Price of Privacy." Business & Information Systems Engineering 61, no. 4 (February 21, 2018): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0528-2.

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Ichihashi, Shota. "Online Privacy and Information Disclosure by Consumers." American Economic Review 110, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 569–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181052.

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I study the welfare and price implications of consumer privacy. A consumer discloses information to a multiproduct seller, which learns about his preferences, sets prices, and makes product recommendations. Although the consumer benefits from accurate recommendations, the seller may use the information to price discriminate. I show that the seller prefers to commit to not use information for pricing in order to encourage information disclosure. However, this commitment hurts the consumer, who could be better off by precommitting to withhold some information. In contrast to single-product models, total surplus may be lower if the seller can base prices on information. (JEL D11, D83, L81, M31)
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Fuller, Caleb S. "Privacy law as price control." European Journal of Law and Economics 45, no. 2 (July 26, 2017): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10657-017-9563-6.

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Kummer, Michael, and Patrick Schulte. "When Private Information Settles the Bill: Money and Privacy in Google’s Market for Smartphone Applications." Management Science 65, no. 8 (August 2019): 3470–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3132.

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We shed light on a money-for-privacy trade-off in the market for smartphone applications (“apps”). Developers offer their apps at lower prices in return for greater access to personal information, and consumers choose between low prices and more privacy. We provide evidence for this pattern using data from 300,000 apps obtained from the Google Play Store (formerly Android Market) in 2012 and 2014. Our findings show that the market’s supply and demand sides both consider an app’s ability to collect private information, measured by the apps’s use of privacy-sensitive permissions: (1) cheaper apps use more privacy-sensitive permissions; (2) given price and functionality, demand is lower for apps with sensitive permissions; and (3) the strength of this relationship depends on contextual factors, such as the targeted user group, the app’s previous success, and its category. Our results are robust and consistent across several robustness checks, including the use of panel data, a difference-in-differences analysis, “twin” pairs of apps, and various measures of privacy-sensitivity and app demand. This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
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JOSHI, SUMIT, YU-AN SUN, and POORVI L. VORA. "PRICE DISCRIMINATION AND PRIVACY: A NOTE." International Game Theory Review 13, no. 01 (March 2011): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198911002861.

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In many instances of price discrimination, a seller of an item is in possession of signals from competing buyers regarding their private valuation for the item. If the seller uses this information to price discriminate against the buyer, buyers would correspondingly modify their signalling strategy. Our paper shows that the seller can gain by sometimes strategically ignoring the information contained in the signals and pricing the item in a non-discriminatory way. This "mixed" strategy induces buyers to send more informative signals in equilibrium than if the seller were to always price discriminate. Thus the seller can offset any revenue loss in states where he ignores information by the gains made in states where he can price discriminate more effectively due to the larger amount of information now communicated in the signals.
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CACM Staff. "The blood price of unrestricted privacy." Communications of the ACM 65, no. 11 (November 2022): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3563965.

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Acquisti, Alessandro. "Identity Management, Privacy, and Price Discrimination." IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine 6, no. 2 (March 2008): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2008.35.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Price of privacy"

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Byström, Jesper. "Oil Prices and Consumer Spending in Sweden : -Do Oil Price shocks affect Private Consumption?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172397.

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This thesis uses a Vector Autoregressive Model and an Impulse response function to examine the impact of rising oil prices on personal consumption expenditure in Sweden. In Sweden the use of fossil oil has been declining for several years, and by 2045, Sweden aims to have no net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, although, there is still a lot of oil left in the energy system, not least in the transport sector. As Sweden has continued to reduce its oil dependency and carbon dioxide emissions, it is interesting to investigate whether the international oil price has an impact on the consumption in Swedish households. In this thesis, oil price increases are found to have a negative impact on personal consumption expenditure. The result from this thesis could be an important implication for policymakers deciding about laws and subsidies for renewable energies when facing a trade-off between the environment and private consumption.
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Ellvin, Anders, and Tobias Pulls. "Implementing a Privacy-Friendly Secure Logging Module into the PRIME Core." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5439.

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When individuals access services online they are often required to disclose excessive amounts of personally identifiable information, with little to no transparency on how the information is used. One of the goals of the EU research project PrimeLife is to help people regain control of their private sphere in today's networked world. As part of PrimeLife a software prototype, named the PRIME Core, is being developed that contains a number of different privacy enhancing technologies. This thesis describes the implementation and integration of a privacy-friendly secure logging module into the PRIME Core. The logging module's purpose is to provide transparency logging to the PRIME Core, giving individuals access to a detailed log of how their disclosed personally identifiable information is used, in a secure and privacy friendly manner.

The thesis resulted in a privacy-friendly secure logging module being implemented into the PRIME Core. The client for the logging module still lacks features to be suitable for use by the Data Track. Further research is needed to make the implementation mitigate the risks posed by memory and disk forensics.

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Borggren, Lisa, Rebecca Grill, Susanna Lykken, and Maria Nilsson. "Demand based price determination for electricity consumers in private households." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295186.

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This report investigates the effects a demand based tariff would have on private electricity consumers and how it could contribute to a sustainable electrical grid. The fuse tariff that is currently used charges customers for their electricity usage and does not fully reflect the electrical grid load and thereby not the cost for the distribution system operators. A demand based tariff, that charges customers for their power peaks and promotes a change of behaviour better reflects the grid load and could lead to a more even grid distribution and a sustainable development. In light of this issue, two demand based tariffs have been constructed for the energy company Upplands Energi’s private customers’ current electricity consumption. One of the tariffs consists of a higher fixed cost and a lower variable cost and the other consists of a lower fixed cost and a higher variable cost, both leading to the same revenue för Upplands Energi. The two different demand based tariffs have been simulated and analysed, where the one with the lowest fixed cost is recommended since it gives customers higher economic incentives to change their electricity usage behaviour. It is essential that electricity retailers communicate the information of how the demand based tariff works to the customers in order to make them change their electricity behaviour to attain a sustainable grid.
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Nelson, Scott Thomas. "Private information and price regulation In the US credit card market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108999.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-36).
Lenders typically learn new information about their borrowers over time but can be restricted from repricing debt in response to this information. I study a leading example of such re-pricing restrictions, the 2009 Credit CARD Act, to ask how such restrictions affect credit market efficiency. Using a near-universe of US consumer credit card account data as well as a large random sample of US consumer credit reports, I show evidence that the Act's restrictions had two competing effects: on the one hand, a decoupling between prices and default risk on existing loans over time, which engenders adverse selection through higher attrition of safe borrowers; on the other hand, lower markups on borrowers revealed to be inelastic, and hence lower price dispersion in the market overall. To quantify these two forces' net effect on market efficiency, I build a model of a competitive credit market with private information and changing borrower types over time, and I use the model to ask whether, and for whom, the Act's restrictions bring prices closer to an efficient benchmark of prices equaling marginal costs. While fully estimating the model remains a goal for future work, I here show preliminary results of how the model estimation is proceeding.
by Scott Thomas Nelson.
S.M.
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Iqbal, Muhammad Usman Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Location privacy in automotive telematics." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Surveying & Spatial Information Systems, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43807.

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The convergence of transport, communication, computing and positioning technologies has enabled a smart car revolution. As a result, pricing of roads based on telematics technologies has gained significant attention. While there are promised benefits, systematic disclosure of precise location has the ability to impinge on privacy of a special kind, known as location privacy. The aim of this thesis is to provide technical designs that enhance the location privacy of motorists without compromising the benefits of accurate pricing. However, this research looks beyond a solely technology-based solution, For example, the ethical implications of the use of GPS data in pricing models have not been fully understood. Likewise. minimal research exists to evaluate the technical vulnerabilities that could be exploited to avoid criminal or financial penalties. To design a privacy-aware system, it is important to understand the needs of the stakeholders, most importantly the motorists. Knowledge about the anticipated privacy preferences of motorists is important in order to make reasonable predictions about their future willingness to adopt these systems. There is limited research so far Otl user perceptions regarding specific payment options in the uptake of privacy-aware systems. This thesis provides a critical privacy assessment of two mobility pricing systems, namely electronic tolls and mobility-priced insurance. As a result of this assessment. policy recommendations arc developed which could support a common approach in facilitating privacy-aware mobility-pricing strategies. This thesis also evaluates the existing and potential inferential threats and vulnerabilities to develop security and privacy recommendations for privacy-aware pricing designs for tolls and insurance. Utilising these policy recommendations and analysing user-perception with regards to the feasibility of sustaining privacy and willingness to pay for privacy, two privacy-aware mobility pricing designs have been presented which bridge the entire array of privacy interests and bring them together into a unified approach capable of sustaining legal protection as well as satisfying privacy requirements of motorists. It is maintained that it is only by social and technical analysis working in tandem that critical privacy issues in relation to location can be addressed.
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Conway, M. Christine. "Targeting Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowner Groups for Timber Market Entry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28991.

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This study models the timber market entry decisions of nonindustrial private landowners. It involves examining reservation prices both for harvesting timber from existing forest land and for afforestation of marginal agricultural and abandoned land. An important conclusion drawn from these models is that financial returns are not the only drivers of these decisions. Preferences for amenities derived from forests and farmland are also important. An empirical model follows which characterizes willingness to accept for various landowner groups in Virginia and Mississippi. We identify preferences and characteristics of landowners and features of forest sites that are important to the unobserved price specific to each landowner. Estimation results are also used to assess the size of payments needed to encourage harvesting or conversion from agricultural to forest uses with 50% probability. The determination of reservation prices for landowners in different regions aids in forecasting potential timber supplies from NIPF lands that are either actively managed for timber production or are not, as well as from marginal land not yet in forests, under different policy and pricing scenarios. Furthermore, it gives insight into evolving land use patterns.
Ph. D.
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Weihrauch, Ronja. "Criminalising cannabis in South Africa: a history and post-Prince discussion." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33974.

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This thesis circles around the history of the criminalisation of cannabis as well as its decriminalisation around 100 years later. While dagga was cultivated and used by the indigenous tribes long before the first settlers arrived and even remained a legal substance during the colonial period, with the implementation of the first national legislation in 1922, the long history of harsh punishments began. Relating the harsh legislation on dagga to its estimated risks, I ultimately confirm dagga to be the black sheep among drugs, having experienced a racial prohibition. In September 2018, the Constitutional Court partially decriminalised dagga, due to the inconsistency of certain regulations prohibiting the use, possession, and cultivation of dagga with the right to privacy as referenced from section 14 of the Constitution. Emphasising the significant and practical impact of this judgement, possibly positive effects of the decision as well as the newly introduced Cannabis for Private Purposes Bill on the desperately overwhelmed criminal justice system are examined. Concluding, I find that the discourse around dagga most certainly is far from complete but that we have to continue conducting it. Because if history teaches us one thing it is that dagga is here to stay.
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Mui, Kai-yeung. "The impact of sandwich class housing scheme on adjacent private properties." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2006. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37943273.

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Rigaud, Maxime, and Tianlin Shao. "National Brand Positioning in the Swedish Meat Market : How to maintain a price premium." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179878.

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A global trend of decreased Willingness to pay(WTP) price premiums for national brands prevails.In this paper, the authors shed light on how national brands(NBs) can best defend their pricepremiums towards Private labels(PLs). This is done through studying what factors drives the WTPprice premiums for national brands and what attributes are important when consumers buy meatproducts.With inputs from the literature and conducted focus groups, a questionnaire testing our constructedhypothesis and the importance of attributes were collected from 163 respondents. A connection ismade to the theory of positioning using a customer-based brand equity concept.The results show that the WTP is driven by high perceived risk, perceived quality gap between NBsand PLs, is moderated by consumer involvement and mediated through PL experience. Swedishmeat, good animal husbandry, supporting farmers and locally produced meat were all importantattributes national brands should associate with their brands.
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Wegmann, Bertil. "Bayesian Inference in Structural Second-Price Auctions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-57278.

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The aim of this thesis is to develop efficient and practically useful Bayesian methods for statistical inference in structural second-price auctions. The models are applied to a carefully collected coin auction dataset with bids and auction-specific characteristics from one thousand Internet auctions on eBay. Bidders are assumed to be risk-neutral and symmetric, and compete for a single object using the same game-theoretic strategy. A key contribution in the thesis is the derivation of very accurate approximations of the otherwise intractable equilibrium bid functions under different model assumptions. These easily computed and numerically stable approximations are shown to be crucial for statistical inference, where the inverse bid functions typically needs to be evaluated several million times. In the first paper, the approximate bid is a linear function of a bidder's signal and a Gaussian common value model is estimated. We find that the publicly available book value and the condition of the auctioned object are important determinants of bidders' valuations, while eBay's detailed seller information is essentially ignored by the bidders. In the second paper, the Gaussian model in the first paper is contrasted to a Gamma model that allows intrinsically non-negative common values. The Gaussian model performs slightly better than the Gamma model on the eBay data, which we attribute to an almost normal or at least symmetrical distribution of valuations. The third paper compares the model in the first paper to a directly comparable model for private values. We find many interesting empirical regularities between the models, but no strong and consistent evidence in favor of one model over the other. In the last paper, we consider auctions with both private-value and common-value bidders. The equilibrium bid function is given as the solution to an ordinary differential equation, from which we derive an approximate inverse bid as an explicit function of a given bid. The paper proposes an elaborate model where the probability of being a common value bidder is a function of covariates at the auction level. The model is estimated by a Metropolis-within-Gibbs algorithm and the results point strongly to an active influx of both private-value and common-value bidders.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Epub ahead of print. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

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Books on the topic "Price of privacy"

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Cazier, Joseph A. Value congruence and trust online: Their impact on privacy and price premiums. Youngstown, N.Y: Cambria Press, 2006.

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Martin, London, ed. At what price?: Libel law and freedom of the press. New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1993.

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Camenisch, Jan. Digital Privacy: PRIME - Privacy and Identity Management for Europe. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Delton, Judy. Prize-winning private eyes. New York: Hyperion Paperbacks for Children, 1995.

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illustrator, Schindler S. D., ed. Prize-winning private eyes. New York: Scholastic, 1996.

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Kahn, Edward. The price of electricity from private power producers. Berkeley, Calif: Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, 1993.

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Hughes, Declan. The Price of Blood. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

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Deborah, Smith, and Photographers' Gallery, eds. The Citibank Private Bank Photography Prize 1998. London: The Photographers' Gallery, 1998.

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Hugh, Douglas. The private passions of Bonnie Prince Charlie. Stroud, Gloucestershire: A. Sutton Pub., 1998.

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Greater London Council. Housing Department Policy and Resources Branch. Going, going, almost gone: What price the private rented sector?. (London): The Council, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Price of privacy"

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Grossklags, Jens, Benjamin Johnson, and Nicolas Christin. "The Price of Uncertainty in Security Games." In Economics of Information Security and Privacy, 9–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6967-5_2.

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Martelli, Francesca, M. Elena Renda, and Jinhua Zhao. "The Price of Privacy Control in Mobility Sharing." In Sustainable Smart City Transitions, 233–58. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205722-12.

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Theerthagiri, Prasannavenkatesan. "Machine Learning Algorithms for Bitcoin Price Prediction." In Security and Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Wireless Robotics, 211–23. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003156406-15.

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Jung, Kangsoo, Sayan Biswas, and Catuscia Palamidessi. "Establishing the Price of Privacy in Federated Data Trading." In Protocols, Strands, and Logic, 232–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91631-2_13.

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Egelman, Serge, Adrienne Porter Felt, and David Wagner. "Choice Architecture and Smartphone Privacy: There’s a Price for That." In The Economics of Information Security and Privacy, 211–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39498-0_10.

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Herley, Cormac, and Dinei Florêncio. "Nobody Sells Gold for the Price of Silver: Dishonesty, Uncertainty and the Underground Economy." In Economics of Information Security and Privacy, 33–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6967-5_3.

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Xia, Rui, and Kaili Wang. "Prediction of Stock Price Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm." In The 2021 International Conference on Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics for IoT Security and Privacy, 17–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89511-2_3.

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Liu, Yang, and Connor Greene. "The Dark Side of Big Data: Personal Privacy, Data Security, and Price Discrimination." In Digital Transformation in Business and Society, 145–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-08277-2_9.

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Jia, Wenbo, and Yingce Yang. "Growth at Risk of Oil Price Based on Quantile Regression." In The 2021 International Conference on Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics for IoT Security and Privacy, 906–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89508-2_118.

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Favaretto, Margherita, Tu Tran Anh, Juxhino Kavaja, Michele De Donno, and Nicola Dragoni. "When the Price Is Your Privacy: A Security Analysis of Two Cheap IoT Devices." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 55–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14687-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Price of privacy"

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Kifer, Daniel. "Privacy and the Price of Data." In 2015 30th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lics.2015.10.

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Pejó, Balázs, Qiang Tang, and Gergely Biczók. "The Price of Privacy in Collaborative Learning." In CCS '18: 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3278525.

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Cutillo, Leucio Antonio, Refik Molva, and Melek Onen. "PRICE: Privacy preserving incentives for cooperation enforcement." In 2012 IEEE Thirteenth International Symposium on "A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks" (WoWMoM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wowmom.2012.6263707.

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"PRICE TO PROVIDE RFID SECURITY AND PRIVACY?" In International Conference on Security and Cryptography. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001925002090213.

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Wang, Jiafan, and Sherman S. M. Chow. "Secure Strategyproof Ascending-Price Spectrum Auction." In 2017 IEEE Symposium on Privacy-Aware Computing (PAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2017.42.

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"What Price Privacy in a Data-intensive World?" In iConference 2014 Proceedings: Breaking Down Walls. Culture - Context - Computing. iSchools, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.9776/14237.

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Elzayn, Hadi, and Zachary Schutzman. "Price of Privacy in the Keynesian Beauty Contest." In EC '19: ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3328526.3329607.

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Odlyzko, Andrew. "Privacy, economics, and price discrimination on the Internet." In the 5th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/948005.948051.

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Banerjee, Siddhartha, Nidhi Hegde, and Laurent Massoulie. "The price of privacy in untrusted recommendation engines." In 2012 50th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2012.6483317.

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Li, Ruoyue, Yankai Xie, Zhiqiang Ning, Chi Zhang, and Lingbo Wei. "Privacy-Preserving Decentralized Cryptocurrency Exchange without Price Manipulation." In 2022 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccc55456.2022.9880750.

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Reports on the topic "Price of privacy"

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Martinez-Carrasco, José, Otavio Conceição, and Ana Lúcia Dezolt. More Information, Lower Price? Access Market-based Reference Prices and Gains in Public Procurement Efficiency. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004794.

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The paper examines the impact of providing market-based reference prices on public procurement efficiency in Brazil. Specifically, the study focuses on the State Secretariat of Health (SES) in Rio Grande do Sul and the algorithm developed by the local tax administration to calculate representative reference prices for pharmaceutical products. Unlike previous studies, reference prices are calculated based on the universe of local business-to-business transactions. The study finds that SES procurement officers access to this information caused a significant reduction in purchase unit prices, particularly for products characterized by a higher ex-ante unit price, a smaller number of suppliers, and purchased by a smaller number of public institutions. The gains in efficiency are attributed to the use of up-to-date market information, which is particularly useful for products where information asymmetry is more likely to exist between procurement officers and private providers.
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Kahn, E., A. Milne, and S. Kito. The price of electricity from private power producers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10195140.

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Kroetch, Brent G., Nancy S. Barrett, and Deb Figart. Military and Private Sector Commodity Outlets: A Retail Price Comparison. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada172061.

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Carneiro, Pedro, Jishnu Das, and Hugo Reis. The Value of Private Schools: Evidence from Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/091.

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Using unique data from Pakistan, we estimate a model of demand for differentiated products in 112 rural education markets with significant choice among public and private schools. Families are willing to pay substantially for reductions in distance to school, but in contrast, price elasticities are low. Using the demand estimates, we show that the existence of a low fee private school market is of great value for households in our sample, reaching 2 percent to 7 percent of annual per capita expenditure for those choosing private schools.
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5

McDougall, Robert. A New Regional Household Demand System for GTAP. GTAP Technical Paper, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp20.

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The GTAP model, versions 4.1 and lower, suffers from some defects in the implementation of the regional household demand system. Most seriously, the upper level of the demand system assumes that each regional household faces a fixed price for utility from private consumption. But with a private consumption demand system of the CDE form, the price of utility from private consumption depends on the level of private consumption expenditure. With no fixed price for utility from private consumption, the familiar Cobb-Douglas demand system does not apply. Accordingly, the upper-level demand equations are in error. Furthermore, utility and equivalent variation are wrongly computed in simulations with non-standard settings for the CDE expansion parameters. Even with the standard settings, in multi-step simulations the utility and equivalent variation computations are inexact. The welfare decomposition inherits the defects of the equivalent variation computation. In removing these defects we revise in passing some minor misfeatures of the old treatment: Firstly, we treat the entire final demand system as the demand system of a representative household, rather than a conglomeration of representative and region-wide demand systems (subsection 2.6). Secondly, we provide a new facility for shifting the allocation of regional income exogenously by modifying rather than overriding the final demand system (subsection 2.14). Finally, we eliminate an uninterpretable \nuisance term" from the decomposition of equivalent variation (subsection 4.3).
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6

Rincón-Torres, Andrey Duván, Kimberly Rojas-Silva, and Juan Manuel Julio-Román. The Interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds Markets: The Case of Colombia. Banco de la República, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1171.

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We study the interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds (TES) markets in Colombia. To do this, we estimate a heteroskedasticity identified VAR model on the returns of the COP/USD exchange rate (TRM) and bond prices, as well as event-analysis models for return volatilities, number of quotes, quote volume, and bid/ask spreads. The data under analysis consists of 5-minute intraday bid/ask US dollar prices and bond quotes, for an assortment of bond species. For these species we also have the number of bid/ask quotes as well as their volume. We found, also, that the exchange rate conveys information to the TES market, but the opposite does not completely hold: A one percent COP depreciation leads to a persistent reduction of TES prices between 0.05% and 0.22%. However, a 1% TES price increase has a very small effect and not entirely significant on the exchange rate, i.e. a COP appreciation between 0.001% and 0.009%. Furthermore, TRM return volatility increases do not affect bond return volatility but its liquidity, i.e. the bid/ask quote number and volume. These results are coherent with the fact that the FX market more efficiently reflects the effect of shocks than the TES market, which may be due to its low liquidity and concentration on a specific habitat. These results have implications for the design of financial stability policies as well as for private portfolio design, rebalancing and hedging.
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7

Fronsdal, Toren, Jay Bhattacharya, and Suzanne Tamang. Variation in Health Care Prices Across Public and Private Payers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27490.

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8

Barsky, Robert, Mark Bergen, Shantanu Dutta, and Daniel Levy. What Can the Price Gap between Branded and Private Label Products Tell Us about Markups? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8426.

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9

Einav, Liran, Amy Finkelstein, and Maria Polyakova. Private Provision of Social Insurance: Drug-specific Price Elasticities and Cost Sharing in Medicare Part D. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22277.

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10

Ayele, Seife, and Wei Shen. Renewable Energy Procurement by Private Suppliers in Ethiopia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.008.

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Auction-based renewable electricity procurement has the potential to attract private investment and lower prices, but its design and implementation can be challenging. Since 2018, Ethiopia has organised auctions to procure new capacity from independent power producers (IPPs). Based on an in-depth study of the political economy, this policy briefing explores factors impeding the design and implementation of IPPs’ projects, including the shortage of foreign currency and convertibility of the Ethiopian birr to repatriate profits. It proposes measures to overcome these obstacles and mitigate risks, to put Ethiopia on course to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030.
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