Journal articles on the topic 'Price of consumed energy'
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Irz, Xavier, Jyrki Niemi, and Liu Xing. "Determinants of food price inflation in Finland." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75469.
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The agricultural commodity crisis of 2006-8 and the recent evolution of commodity markets have reignited anxieties in Finland over fast-rising food prices and food security. Although the impact of farm commodity price shocks on the final consumer is mitigated by a large degree of processing as well as the complex structure of the food chain, little is known about the strength of the linkages between food markets and input markets. Using monthly series of price indices from 1995 to 2010, we estimate a vector error-correction (VEC) model in a co-integration framework in order to investigate the short-term and long-term dynamics of food price formation. The results indicate that a statistically significant long-run equilibrium relationship exists between the prices of food and those of the main variable inputs consumed by the food chain, namely agricultural commodities, labour, and energy. When judged by the magnitude of long-run pass-through rates, farm prices represent the main determinant of food prices, followed by wages in food retail and the price of energy. However, highly volatile energy prices are also important in explaining food price variability. The parsimonious VEC model suggests that the dynamics of food price formation is dominated by a relatively quick process of adjustment to the long-run equilibrium, the half life of the transitional dynamics being six to eight months following a shock.
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Oloyede, Abdulkarim Ayopo. "ENERGY EFFICENT AUCTION BASED DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS NETWORK." IIUM Engineering Journal 18, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i1.682.
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A framework is proposed which is aimed at increasing the much needed revenue of the wireless service providers. The model uses the price paid by the wireless users to control the amount of energy consumed and the admission process based on a dynamic spectrum access network. The scheme is based on using a first price auction process with a reserve price to allocate the radio spectrum. It allows an opportunistic access to the white space in a manner that would protect the primary users in the system. The concept of green payment is used to penalise users who require high transmit power and subsidies those who require low transmit power. This work shows that with the proposed green payment in combination with the knowledge of the reserve price, the energy consumed and the delay in an auction based dynamic spectrum access network can be reduced.
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Cremer, Helmuth, Firouz Gahvari, and Norbert Ladoux. "Energy Taxes and Oil Price Shocks." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0098.
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Abstract This paper examines if an energy price shock should be compensated by a reduction in energy taxes to mitigate its impact on consumer prices. It shows that the consumer price should not increase by as much as the producer price, implying a small reduction in the energy tax in dollars. The energy tax rate, on the other hand, decreases sharply. This decline is primarily due to an adjustment in the Pigouvian component: A constant marginal social damage being divided by a higher producer price. The redistributive component of the tax remains at about 10% of the social cost of energy.
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Surayya Mohd Saudi, Nur, Wong Hock Tsen, Abdul Latif Harun, Zailin Zainal Ariffin, Nur Zahidah Syafii, Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad, and . "The Relationship Between Oil and Natural Gas Prices on the Malaysian Economic Sectors." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.34 (December 13, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.23840.
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This study has investigated the relationship between the changes in oil and natural gas prices on the Malaysian economic sectors. Four economic sectors were selected namely manufacturing, services, agriculture, and mining. However, there was less study conducted at the sector level. Hence, the goal of this paper is to explore the impact of oil and gas prices on economic sectors GDP. This study has conducted econometrics modelling based on the ARDL bound testing with the spanning time series data from year 1987 to 2017. The empirical findings revealed that the relationship between the oil and natural gas prices in the manufacturing and services sector is negative, while the agriculture sector showed a positive relationship, and the mining sector showed no relationship. The empirical findings concluded that the manufacturing and services sectors that consumed more energy are dependent on the price changes. Meanwhile, the agriculture sector is a highly subsidised sector which has a positive relationship with energy prices. In the policy recommendation, Malaysia has to apply the energy pricing policy by offering energy subsidy to the high energy consumed sectors. Finally, Malaysia should develop policies that can diversify its energy resources and increase the shares of renewable energy sources.
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Queen, Hephzibah Jose, Jayakumar J., and Deepika T. J. "Comparative techno-economic analysis of power system with and without renewable energy sources." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1260-1268.
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<p>The primary aim of this work is to feature the advantages of integrating natural source of energy from the solar and wind to the prevailing electric power systems. Two types of analysis are carried out in two test systems (standard and modified test systems) and the outcome of the test systems are compared. The two analyses are technical analysis and economic analysis. The stability of the voltage is analyzed under technical analysis and the price of energy consumed from the electric grid is calculated and analyzed under the economic analysis. Dynamic hourly load data, hourly solar radiation, hourly wind velocity, and dynamic electricity prices are considered for the standard IEEE system and modified test system (with the integration of RES). Voltage stability index (L-Index) and price of the electricity consumed from electric grid are found for standard test system and the outcome is compared with the outcome of modified test systems. MATLAB coding is done for techno-economic analysis for both test systems. It is inferred from the outcome that the integration of renewable energy sources fairly contributes to the economic benefit of the system by lowering the power purchased from the grid and enhance the stability of the system.</p>
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Davis, George C., and Andrea Carlson. "The inverse relationship between food price and energy density: is it spurious?" Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 6 (June 3, 2014): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001098.
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AbstractObjectiveAn important debate in the literature is whether or not higher energy-dense foods are cheaper than less energy-dense foods. The present communication develops and applies an easy statistical test to determine if the relationship between food price and energy density is an artifact of how the data units are constructed (i.e. is it ‘spurious’ or ‘real’?).DesignAfter matching data on 4430 different foods from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with corresponding prices from the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion’s Food Prices Database, we use a simple regression model to test if the relationship between food price and energy density is ‘real’ or ‘spurious’.SettingUSA.SubjectsTotal sample size is 4430 observations of consumed foods from 4578 participants from the non-institutionalized US adult population (aged 19 years and over).ResultsOver all 4430 foods, the null hypothesis of a spurious inverse relationship between food price per energy density and energy density is not rejected. When the analysis is broken down by twenty-five food groups, there are only two cases where the inverse relationship is not spurious. In fact, the majority of non-spurious relationships between food price and energy density are positive, not negative.ConclusionsOne of the main arguments put forth regarding the poor diet quality of low-income households is that high energy-dense food is cheaper than lower energy-dense food. We find almost no statistical support for higher energy-dense food being cheaper than low energy-dense food. While economics certainly plays a role in explaining low nutritional quality, more sophisticated economic arguments are required and discussed.
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Ustyugov, Nikita, and Oleg Miroslavovich Protalinskiy. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTIONIN ORGANIZATIONAL-TECHNICAL SYSTEM." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2020, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2020-3-116-124.
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The article presents the purpose of the study as building a mathematical model for forecasting the consumption of electric energy and power for six price categories in the power supply system of the enterprise and developing an algorithm that allows the consumer to choose the best cost of electricity. Consideration of the system as an integral complex of interacting objects was carried out from the standpoint of cause-effect relationships and mutual influence. For the analysis of scientific data, the principles of consistency, structuring, integrity, hierarchy and multiplicity were applied. The structural-functional approach allowed to study the elements (subsystems) and the dependencies between them within a single system. The study of the current state was carried out; a forecast was made of the electric consumption of the enterprise using the initial data; a mathematical model of electric energy and power was developed for six price categories; an algorithm for determining the price category was developed, which allows finding a financially profitable price category. The study can be used as the basis for consumers in the Russian Federation to choose a financially favorable price category and cost of electric energy. There has been performed an independent experimental verification of the algorithm for determining the price category, the item of expenses “payment of consumed electric energy” for the facility has been reduced. The experiment shows the practical applicability of the mathematical forecast model and the economic efficiency of the algorithm for determining the price category of electric energy.
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Shabanov, T. Yu. "Price of Russian food calorie." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-1-94-97.
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Relevance and methods. A food security is determined energy value of food (calorie) . Being a energy characteristic of food, calorie is determined necessaric energy reserve of lifework . Using calories as some energetic criterion fof food security let to do simplest and availiablest assessments of forecast. Assessing and comparing a price dynamics of animal and plant calories may use for modeling a mechanism of food security. Purpose of research - analysis of price of food calories in Russia.Results. Based a energy methods and Rosstat data caloric value of food produced and consumed iwas calculated for period 1990-2017 years of the Russian Federation . A food safety criterion is proposed. Showed double reserve of caloric for consumation of Russian population. Rubles caloric value equivalent was proposed, price calculations and analysis of price dynamics by type of food are carried out.
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Бурганов, Раис, Rais Burganov, Зульфия Бурганова, and Zul'fiya Burganova. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE FIRM: THEORY AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS." Russian Journal of Management 6, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5c76b0ef2ea9a8.22604541.
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In modern conditions, the search for non-standard and original approaches to solving problems in the development of economies of different levels is claimed by both theorists and practitioners. In this paper, the authors emphasize the need to study the consumption of not only electricity, but also all forms of energy in the production of goods and the provision of services. Such issues of the topic as the essence of the energy consumer theory of a firm, the characteristic of total energy as the main factor of a firm’s consumption, technical-technological and financial-economic manifestations of various forms of energy in the activity of a firm are also reflected in this work. Proposed to use the economic category "price of the total energy of the company", "the total amount of energy consumed by the company". Well-known indicators such as energy intensity, energy consumption limit, energy efficiency, financial intensity of energy consumption, etc. with their account should be reviewed and clarified.
The study is based on the use of such methods as a systematic approach, generalization and comparison, the principle of "all other things being equal". A number of provisions are hypothetical in nature (for example, the price of the total energy of a firm can be used in determining the selling price of a specific product).
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Tyurina, Elina, Aleksandr Mednikov, and Svetlana Sushko. "Competitiveness Of Advanced Technologies For Production Of Electricity And Alternative Liquid Fuels." E3S Web of Conferences 69 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186902008.
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Technical and economic aspects of synthetic liquid fuel and electric power combined production within one energy-technology installation (ETI) are considered. The range of prices for alternative liquid fuel (ALF) produced by the installations, depending on the cost of consumed fuel, price of supplied electric power and level of capital investments, has been ascertained. The studies made suggest the conclusion that combined production of dimethyl ether is more efficient from the energy and economic viewpoints than methanol production. Besides, a certain level of oil prices was identified, its excess implying that production of ALF, i.e. dimethyl ether, will be more economically efficient than production of motor fuel from oil.
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Aziz, Shamaila, Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen, and Sofia Anwar. "Impact of Rising Energy Prices on Consumer’s Welfare: A Case Study of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 55, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2016): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.605-618.
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This work investigated the impact of higher energy prices on consumer’s welfare for the Pakistan from 1987 to 2012. The central objective of the study is to quantify the consumer welfare through Compensating Variation (CV) after estimating the demand elasticities by applying the Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) for main energy sources. Welfare change is also measured in four scenarios (two price shocks) for Pakistan in order to analyse the impact of energy price change in different time period. Coal, gasoline and High Speed Diesel (HSD) oil are relatively less elastic, where High Octane Blended Component (HOBC), kerosene and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are relatively more elastic, while electricity and natural gas is unit elastic. Additionally, the results of Compensating Variation suggest that due to higher energy prices, more income compensation is required to pay for consumer in order to achieve the initial energy utility. So mixture of price controlling and income policies should be adopted for each energy source. JEL Classification: D6, Q4 Keywords: Rising Energy Prices, Consumer Welfare, LA/AIDS, CV, Time Series Data
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Ustyugov, Nikita V., and Oleg M. Protalinsky. "Optimizing the Price Category of Electric Power Consumption by an Industrial Enterprise." Vestnik MEI 5, no. 5 (2020): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2020-5-121-125.
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The purpose of the study is to construct mathematical models of electric energy and power consumption for six price categories in an organizational and technical system and to develop an algorithm based on these models that will enable the consumer to select the most profitable cost of electricity. The system, which was regarded as an integral complex of interacting objects, was analyzed from the viewpoint of a systematic approach. Scientific data were analyzed proceeding from the principles of system consistency, structuring, integrity, hierarchy and multiplicity. A structural-and-functional approach, based on which elements (subsystems), and relationships between them can be considered within a single organizational and technical system, was used as the research method. The current state was studied; the consumption of electricity by an organizational and technical system was predicted based on the source data; the mathematical models of electric energy and power were constructed for six price categories, and a price category selection algorithm was developed, using which the most financially profitable price category can be found. An independent experimental verification of the price category selection algorithm was carried out, which has shown that owing to its application, the cost item “payment of consumed electric energy” for the facility has decreased by 9%. The experiment has shown that the developed mathematical models can be applied in practice, and that the use of the electric energy price category selection algorithm allows economic gains to be obtained. The accomplished study has yielded results based on which the consumers located in the Russian Federation territory can select the most financially profitable price category and cost of electric energy.
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Ayadi, Folorunso Sunday. "FUEL SUBSIDY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES IN NIGERIA." Caleb Journal of Social and Management Science 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26772/cjsms2020050102.
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This study investigates the impact of energy subsidy, energy consumption, urbanization, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade openness on carbon dioxide emission and other greenhouse gases in Nigeria. Based on the method of cointegration and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), the study utilized data from 1970 to 2018 for the analysis. The study found fossil fuel consumption, economic growth, trade openness and PMS Price (a proxy for subsidy) as significantly increasing emission (Carbon dioxide) in Nigeria. The implication is that as that as the prices of PMS goes up (due to subsidy reduction), more of fuel is consumed. Our analysis demonstrated that PMS is price inelastic in Nigeria. In addition, subsidy or its removal will have no impact on carbon dioxide emission and other greenhouse gas emission in Nigeria. The study recommends the development of cleaner, renewable fuels and the development of abatement technology so as to mitigate the environmental impacts of growth. In addition, since the reduction in subsidy has no deterrent impact on fossil fuel consumption in Nigeria, then the recent removal of fossil fuel subsidy in Nigeria is a welcome development at least for the environment.
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HARASHIMA, Taiji. "Effects of Energy Price on Whole Sale and Consumer Prices." Input-Output Analysis 4, no. 1 (1993): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11107/papaios.4.32.
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Wang, Yan, Na Wang, and Mei Mei Wu. "The Impacts of Energy Price Fluctuations on China's Agriculture and Rural Economic Development." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 3216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3216.
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This paper develops a China urban-rural input-output model and applies the input-output price model to evaluate the impact of rise in energy price on fluctuations of agricultural products prices and urban-rural income and expenses. The results show that energy price rises may lead to the rise of agiricultural products price by 26-47%. With rise in energy price, the net profit of agriculture hurts in those coastal provinces and some central provinces who have higher intensification, while the net income of agriculture benefits in the central and western regions with lower intensification. The consumer surplus both in urban and rural residents is reduced by energy price rise. While the influence of energy price on urban residents is greater than that on rural residents.
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Шабанов, Тимофей. "Ценовой паритет калорийности." ИЗВЕСТИЯ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, no. 4 (2020): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2311-2271/2020-4/149-155.
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В чрезвычайной ситуации государственной самоизоляции актуализируется вопросы продовольственной безопасности ценового паритета калорийности продуктов питания. В исследовании рассмотрена и подтверждена гипотеза о существовании взаимосвязи цены с калорийностью продовольствия как ценового паритета. На основе методов эконометрики и энергетического подхода, данных Росстат за 1998-2017 гг. определены цены и калорийности по видам продовольствия. Выявлен линейный характер годового прироста цены калории при стабильном ценовом паритете. Установлены среднегодовые темпы прироста цены потреблённого продовольствия 1,77 руб./Мкал к произведённому 0,38 руб./Мкал (отношение 4,66:1), средняя цена импортной калории 1,24 USD/Мкал, экспортной 0,16 USD/Мкал (отношение 7,75:1). Импортозамещение как основное направление улучшения ценового паритета обеспечит продовольственную безопасность в чрезвычайной ситуации. In the emergency situation of the state self-isolation food security issues – caloric food price parity - are brought up to date. The level of food prices can be a kind of the regulator for planning, organizing and managing the optimal calorie intake by the population. The paper suggests the existence of a function between price and calorie content (number of calories); and the hypothesis on availability of the caloric food price parity was considered and tested. To study the hypothesis, the following objectives were developed and consistently solved: determining the prices and parity of calories produced and consumed; determination of prices and parities of exported and imported calories. Based on the econometric methods and energy approach, as well as on the Rosstat data for the period of 1990-2017 and the Russian Customs data on food product balances and its prices, the wellknown calorie standards for food products, the hypothesis of the investigation was confirmed. The linear nature of the annual increase in the price of calories at the stable price parity was defined. It was found that the average annual growth rate of the consumed food price was 1.77 rubles/Mcal to the produced 0.38 rubles/Mcal (ratio 4.66: 1), the average price of the imported calories was 1.24 USD / Mcal and that of the exported calories was 0.16 USD / Mcal ( ratio 7.75: 1). Import substitution as the main trend for improving the price parity will ensure food security in an emergency situation.
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Wirl, Franz. "Energy demand and consumer price expectations." Resources and Energy 13, no. 3 (September 1991): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0572(91)90008-q.
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Lv, Tao, Yuehong Lu, Yijie Zhou, Xuemei Liu, Changlong Wang, Yang Zhang, Zhijia Huang, and Yanhong Sun. "Optimal Control of Energy Systems in Net-Zero Energy Buildings Considering Dynamic Costs: A Case Study of Zero Carbon Building in Hong Kong." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 3136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063136.
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Net-zero energy buildings coupled with multiple energy demands on the load side, which utilize renewable energy to a larger extent, are an effective way to consume distributed capacity in situ and need to face the operational challenges brought by the uncertainty of renewable energy while meeting different energy demands. To this end, this paper proposes a Dynamic Cost Interaction Optimization Model (DCI-OM) with Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) based on dynamic cost (i.e., oil price, electricity price) and considers a larger proportion of renewable energy capacity to be consumed. In this model, the optimized electricity and cooling demand dispatch scheme is given with daily operating cost as the objective function. Using the Zero Carbon Building in Hong Kong, China, as an example, simulations are performed for typical days (i.e., 21 March, 21 June, 22 September, and 21 December) in four seasons throughout the year. The results show that the electric and cooling load demand response scheme given by DCI-OM achieves peak and valley reduction according to the dynamic cost and reduces the original operating costs while ensuring that the customer’s comfort needs are within acceptable limits. The optimized scheduling scheme meets the demand while reducing the daily operating cost.
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Sørensen, Åse Lekang, Harald Taxt Walnum, Igor Sartori, and Inger Andresen. "Energy flexibility potential of domestic hot water systems in apartment buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 11005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124611005.
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Domestic Hot Water (DHW) storage tanks are identified as a main source of flexible energy use in buildings. As a basis for energy management in apartment buildings, this paper describes the aggregated DHW use in a case building, and analyses the potential for DHW energy flexibility by simulating different control options. The case study for the work is an apartment building in Oslo with 56 apartments and a shared DHW system. Energy measurements are available for consumed hot water, hot water circulation, and energy supplied to the DHW tanks. The measurements are presented with minute, hourly and daily values. Aggregated daily energy use for the consumed hot water is in average 362 kWh, while the energy supplied is 555 kWh. The potential for energy flexibility is analysed for a base case and for four different rule-based control options: Power limitation, Spot price savings, Flexibility sale and Solar energy. Economic consequences of the control options are compared. With the Norwegian tariff structure, maximum hourly power use has the main impact on the cost. Control systems that aim to reduce the maximum power use may be combined with spot price savings or to offer end-user flexibility services to the grid.
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Peters, Christian J., Nelson L. Bills, Jennifer L. Wilkins, and Gary W. Fick. "Foodshed analysis and its relevance to sustainability." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 24, no. 1 (December 8, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170508002433.
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AbstractProviding a wholesome and adequate food supply is the most basic tenet of agricultural sustainability. However, sharp increases in global food prices have occurred in the past 2 years, bringing the real price of food to the highest level seen in 30 years (FAO, 2008). This dramatic shift is a fundamental concern. The role of ‘local food’ in contributing to the solution of underlying problems is currently being debated, and the debate raises a critical question: To what degree can society continue to rely on large-scale, long-distance transportation of food? Growing concerns about climate change, the longevity of fossil fuel supplies and attempts to produce energy from agriculture suggest that energy efficiency will be critical to adapting to resource constraints and mitigating climate impacts. Moreover, these problems are urgent because energy prices, biofuel production and weather-related crop failures are partially responsible for the current world food price situation. Tools are needed to determine how the environmental impact and vulnerability of the food system are related to where food is produced in relation to where it is consumed. To this end, analyses of foodsheds, the geographic areas that feed population centers, can provide useful and unique insights.
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Nkomo, J. C., and H. E. Goldstein. "Energy price responsiveness in Zimbabwean mining and manufacturing: a disaggregated demand analysis." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i3a3276.
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This paper examines market signals that enhance efficiency in energy use and the allocation of energy resources, focusing on Zimbabwean manufacturing and mining. We estimate own- and cross -price elasticities of demand to determine how far industrial energy types consumed are substitutable for each other. Our main emphasis is on reducing imported liquid fuel and promoting the country’s coal resources. While liquid fuel claims a huge proportion of the country’s foreign exchange, there is plentiful supply of coal. Coal, however, is environmentally damaging. Elasticity estimates, obtained at a highly disaggregated industrial level, will provide information about the impact of energy taxes on the demand for the different energy types.
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Ahn, Hie Joo, and Matteo Luciani. "Relative prices and pure inflation since the mid-1990s." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no. 066 (October 15, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.069.
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This paper decomposes consumer price inflation into pure inflation, relative price inflation, and idiosyncratic inflation by estimating a dynamic factor model á la Reis and Watson (2010) on a data set of 146 monthly disaggregated prices from 1995 to 2019. We find that pure inflation is the trend around which PCE price inflation fluctuates, while relative price inflation and idiosyncratic inflation drive the fluctuation of PCE price inflation around the trend. Unlike Reis and Watson, we find that labor market slack is the main driver of pure inflation and that energy prices account for variation in relative price inflation.
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Dzyuba, A. P., and I, A. Soloveva. "COST-DEPENDENT ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION AS A TOOL OF RISK MANAGEMENT OF NON-PAYMENT FOR ELECTRIC ENERGY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 08–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2019-1-08-19.
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The growth of indebtedness of industrial enterprises operating in conditions of economic instability for consumed electricity and the sanctions imposed by the energy supplying organizations for late payments, determine the urgency of the problem of managing the risks of non-payment for energy from industrial enterprises. The article is devoted to the description of the method developed by the authors for managing the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for consumed electricity, based on the principles of price-dependent electricity consumption. Based on the study of the mechanism of formation of the cost of electricity purchased by industrial enterprises in the wholesale and retail electricity markets, special methods were proposed to control each component of the cost of electricity: electrical energy, electrical power, electricity transmission services. It justifies the need to develop options for operating modes of industrial equipment, such as nominal load mode, load limiting mode, technological minimum load, in order to effectively implement and use price-dependent power consumption in crisis conditions.Modeling scenarios of price-dependent demand management for power consumption is made on the example of a machine-building enterprise and the calculation and component-wise analysis of the economic effect of price-dependent management and the factors influencing its formation are carried out. The developed method allows you to effectively manage the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for electricity, as well as minimize the risks of restricting the supply of electricity to industrial facilities and disruptions in the operation of industrial equipment.
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Dzyuba, A. P., and I, A. Soloveva. "COST-DEPENDENT ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION AS A TOOL OF RISK MANAGEMENT OF NON-PAYMENT FOR ELECTRIC ENERGY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2019-1-8-19.
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The growth of indebtedness of industrial enterprises operating in conditions of economic instability for consumed electricity and the sanctions imposed by the energy supplying organizations for late payments, determine the urgency of the problem of managing the risks of non-payment for energy from industrial enterprises. The article is devoted to the description of the method developed by the authors for managing the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for consumed electricity, based on the principles of price-dependent electricity consumption. Based on the study of the mechanism of formation of the cost of electricity purchased by industrial enterprises in the wholesale and retail electricity markets, special methods were proposed to control each component of the cost of electricity: electrical energy, electrical power, electricity transmission services. It justifies the need to develop options for operating modes of industrial equipment, such as nominal load mode, load limiting mode, technological minimum load, in order to effectively implement and use price-dependent power consumption in crisis conditions.Modeling scenarios of price-dependent demand management for power consumption is made on the example of a machine-building enterprise and the calculation and component-wise analysis of the economic effect of price-dependent management and the factors influencing its formation are carried out. The developed method allows you to effectively manage the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for electricity, as well as minimize the risks of restricting the supply of electricity to industrial facilities and disruptions in the operation of industrial equipment.
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Buinosov, A. P., M. G. Durandin, and O. I. Tutynin. "Prospects for using electric energy storage devices on motor-car rolling stock." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 4 (2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2020-4-35-45.
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A solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of traction electric drive systems, taking into account the steady increase in electricity prices, is proposed by using storage devices. Promising types of energy storage devices are considered. A comparative analysis of the main types of batteries and supercapacitors is carried out. The description, types, and main technical characteristics of batteries and supercapacitor energy storage devices are given. The choice of the best energy storage device is justified. The technical characteristics of specific models of supercapacitors are compared and the required number of individual storage devices of different models is calculated in accordance with the supply voltage of the engine and the energy consumed by them in the acceleration mode. The supercapacitor model for forming a storage battery was selected according to the following optimality criteria: minimum mass, minimum price, and minimum number of individual capacitors.
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Atta-ul-Islam Abrar, Muhammad, Muhsin Ali, Uzma Bashir, and Karim Khan. "Energy Pricing Policies and Consumers’ Welfare: Evidence from Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2019.v24.i1.a1.
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This study analyzes the impact of energy pricing policies on consumers’ welfare in rural and urban Pakistan. The study is based on pooled data from the Household Integrated Economic Survey for the period 1984/85 to 2011/12. We use the Almost Ideal Demand System to estimate parameters and price elasticities. The welfare analysis suggests that the rise in energy prices has been greater than the rise in the general consumer price index over this period. Therefore, consumers have incurred high expenditures in all years from 1984 to 2012, with a consistent welfare loss for all consumers with a decreasing trend. Additionally, the welfare loss to rural consumers is greater than that to urban consumers.
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Buturache, Adrian-Nicolae, and Stelian Stancu. "Building Energy Consumption Prediction Using Neural-Based Models." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 2 (March 20, 2022): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12739.
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In the recent years digital transformation became one of the most used approaches in building energy consumption optimization. Increased interest in improving energy sustainability and comfort inside buildings has created an opportunity for digital transformation to build predictive tools for energy consumption. By retrofitting or implementing new construction technologies nowadays the quantity and quality of the operational data collected has reached unprecedented levels. This data must be consumed by implementing powerful predictive tools that will provide the needed level of certainty. Adopting Six Sigma's Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) cycle as predictive analytics framework will make this paper accessible for both professionals working in energy industry and researchers that are developing models, creating the premises for reducing the gap between research and real-world business, guiding the use of data. Moreover, the selected strategy for preprocessing and hyperparameter selection is presented, the final selected models showing scalability and flexibility. At the end the architectures, performance and training time are discussed and then coupled with the thought process providing a way to weigh up the options. Building energy consumption prediction, it is a relevant and actual topic. Firstly, on European level, meeting the targets set by the new European Green Deal for buildings sector is relying heavily on digitization and therefore on predictive analytics. Secondly, on Romania level, the liberalization of the Energy market created an unpreceded energy price increase. The negative social impact might be diminished not only by the price reduction, but also by understanding how the energy is consumed.
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Rahmawati, Renni Dwi, Teguh Endaryanto, and Eka Kasymir. "SIKAP DAN PERMINTAAN KONSUMEN DALAM MENGONSUMSI KOPI (KASUS PADA NELAYAN DI KECAMATAN TELUK BETUNG TIMUR KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG)." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 9, no. 3 (October 9, 2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v9i3.5342.
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Coffee contains caffeine, which is often consumed by fishermen as their choice when working at night. This research aims to study fishermen's attitude toward consuming coffee and the factors that influence fishermen's demand for coffee in Teluk Betung Timur Sub-district. This research used a survey method with direct interviews using a questionnaire. Research was conducted in Teluk Betung Timur Sub-district in June-July 2020, using purposive sampling. Respondents were 54 fishermen with the criteria of fishermen who consume coffee at least four times in a month. Research data were analyzed descriptive quantitatively using a model of multiattribute Fishbein and multiple linear regression. Based on research results, Fishermen in Teluk Betung Timur Sub District Bandar Lampung City have a pretty good attitude category on consuming coffee with the most preferred attribute after-drink effect. The factors that influence fishermen's demand for coffee are the price of energy drinks, sugar prices, and types of coffee.Key words: Attitude in consuming, coffee, demand.
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Kelesbayev, Dinmukhamed, Kundyz Myrzabekkyzy, Artur Bolganbayev, and Sabit Baimaganbetov. "The Effects of the Oil Price Shock on Inflation: The Case of Kazakhstan." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 3 (May 18, 2022): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13061.
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Increases in oil prices cause inflation. Interest rates are expected to decrease as a result of the expansionary monetary policies of the central banks in response to the indirect effect of increasing oil prices on inflation. Because an increase in oil price creates an additional foreign currency inflow to Kazakhstan, this leads to the appreciation of its national currency tenge. Therefore, this study uses monthly Brent Oil Price (OP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), and Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) values for the period 2015:M1–2021:M11 to investigate the effect of oil price on inflation and real exchange rate in Kazakhstan. Analysis are performed using the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model. The results showed that while the Real Effective Exchange Rate mostly affects the Oil Price, the Consumer Price Index variable affects the Real Effective Exchange Rate.
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Crampes, Claude, and Mathias Laffont. "Retail Price Regulation in the British Energy Industry." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 17, no. 3-4 (December 2016): 204–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/178359171601700301.
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In this paper, we revisit the 2009–2012 episode in which Ofgem imposed a nondiscrimination clause on large retailers in the UK energy market. The Standard Licence Condition 25A (SLC 25A) was introduced to prevent suppliers from charging their incumbent customers higher prices than their out-of-area customers. The SLC 25A included a “sunset clause”, to allow the condition to lapse three years after its implementation. Several IO economists protested that the prohibition of spatial price discrimination would eventually lead to competition weakening. At the end of the three-year period, Ofgem decided not to renew SLC 25A for any period. To further our understanding of Ofgem's motives and its opponents' arguments, we build a model where two local monopolists compete on a third market. We determine conditions where the obligation to set the same price in and out of the local market can result in a better or a worse situation for consumers. We show that even when the ban on price discrimination weakens competition, the average consumer can be better off.
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Mat, Burak, Mehmet Saltuk Arikan, Mustafa Bahadir Çevrimli, Ahmet Cumhur Akin, and Mustafa Agah Tekindal. "Causality Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Consumer Price of Veal: The Case of Turkey." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 6257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156257.
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It is interesting to identify the reasons and the direction of the correlation between the input/output prices and the macro/micro parameters in animal production processes. In the present study, the time series of the monthly data between the years 2014 and 2019 were analyzed to examine the factors that affected the consumer price of carcass meat in Turkey. An attempt was made to identify the relationship between the consumer price of carcass meat and the prices of cattle fattening feed, the exchange rate of the dollar, producer price index (PPI), and the agricultural PPI, which were anticipated to affect the consumer price of carcass meat as determined by the Granger causality analysis. According to econometric analysis results, when there is a change in carcass producer price, cattle fattening feed and PPI in the short term, the consumer price of carcass meat is affected by this. The producer price of carcass and PPI variables are determined to be the cause of each other’s Granger. At the same time, the PPI variable and the consumer price of carcass meat and dollar rate variables were found to be the cause of each other’s Granger. If Turkey is to prevent the excessive fluctuations in the consumer- and producer-prices of carcass meat caused by macro variables, an effective price control mechanism should be put into practice. It seems that this change would be possible only by developing and implementing policies to lower the input prices and production costs.
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Chau, K., and Gaolu Zou. "Energy Prices, Real Estate Sales and Industrial Output in China." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 14, 2018): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071847.
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A majority of energy is consumed to control the indoor environment for human activities and industrial production. The demand for energies for these two uses are reflected in demand for different types of real estate and the volume of industrial outputs. The purpose of this study is to examine the long-run equilibrium and short-run dynamics between real energy prices and demand for different types of real estate and industrial output in China. Energy prices are measured in the real price of fuels and power. Demand for different types of real estate is measured in their sales volume in the first hand market, that is, floor areas of new real estate sold by developers. Industrial output is measured by the net output (value added) of the industrial sector. All data series were tested for stationarity (i.e., the existence of a unit root) before testing for a co-integration relationship. We found no long-term equilibrium relationship between energy prices and the demand for real estate and industrial output as predicted by theory, probably due to increased supply of energy efficient buildings. There is also no short-run relationship between energy prices and demand for housing due to the increase in vacancy rate resulting from speculative demand for housing. However, demand for commercial properties appeared to lead energy prices. Finally, there is strong evidence suggesting that an increase in energy prices will significantly reduce industrial output but not vice versa.
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Powroźnik, Piotr, Robert Szulim, Wiesław Miczulski, and Krzysztof Piotrowski. "Household Energy Management." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041626.
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Ensuring flexibility and security in power systems requires the use of appropriate management measures on the demand side. The article presents the results of work related to energy management in households in which renewable energy sources (RES) can be installed. The main part of the article is about the developed elastic energy management algorithm (EEM), consisting of two algorithms, EEM1 and EEM2. The EEM1 algorithm is activated in time periods with a higher energy price. Its purpose is to reduce the power consumed by the appliances to the level defined by the consumer. In contrast, the EEM2 algorithm is run by the Distribution System Operator (DSO) when peak demand occurs. Its purpose is to reduce the power of appliances in a specified time period to the level defined by the DSO. The optimization tasks in both algorithms are based on the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) metaheuristic algorithm. The EEM1 and EEM2 algorithms also provide energy consumer comfort. For this purpose, both algorithms take into account the smart appliance parameters proposed in the article: sections of the working devices, power reduction levels, priorities and enablingof time shifting devices. The EEM algorithm in its operation also takes into account the information about the production of power, e.g., generated by the photovoltaic systems. On this basis, it makes decisions on the control of smart appliances. The EEM algorithm also enables inverter control to limit the power transferred from the photovoltaic system to the energy system. Such action is taken on the basis of the DSO request containing the information on the power limits. Such a structure of EEM enables the balancing of energy demand and supply. The possibility of peak demand phenomenon will be reduced. The simulation and experiment results presented in the paper confirmed the rationality and effectiveness of the EEM algorithm.
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Harrison, R. Wes. "The Food versus Fuel Debate: Implications for Consumers." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 2 (August 2009): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002947.
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The effects of biofuel production on commodity prices and their transmission to retail food prices are discussed. Factors driving higher commodity prices are tight global supplies and increased demand of corn ethanol in the short term. Evidence suggests that higher corn prices contribute to food price inflation for some food items. These include eggs, poultry, pork, beef and milk. The findings imply that food price inflation for these items is related to increased production of corn ethanol, primarily because of high oil prices. Higher oil prices also increase fuel and energy costs, which increase marketing costs for all food categories.
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Kopsakangas-Savolainen, Maria, and Rauli Svento. "Hydropower Production Profiles: Impacts on Capacity Structure, Emissions, and Windfall Profits." Journal of Energy 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/710414.
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Production structure in markets with a significant role of hydropower is sensitive to the production profile of hydropower. In this paper we utilize a long-run oriented real-time price based simulation model to analyze through scenarios the impact of different hydropower production profiles on the total annual energy consumed, prices, and capacity structure. We also show the relation between different hydropower production profiles and emissions, costs, and windfall profits. There seems to be no superior scenario under which all socially desirable goals are achieved as there is a clear tradeoff between allowing high windfall profits with highest cost efficiency and achieving the target for lower emissions.
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McCaul, B. P. "AUSTRALIAN NATURAL GAS PRICES — WELLHEAD TO CONSUMER." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88004.
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Natural gas prices to producers in all states of Australia, except Victoria, have moved closer together during the 1980s as the industry has matured. Where significant differences exist in city gate prices, they are caused by wide- ranging transmission tariffs related directly to the initial cost and the length and the volume carried in the respective pipelines.Gas utilities in some states had a great influence on the natural gas pricing structure to consumers during the 1970s, when alternative fuel oil prices rose dramatically and long- term, low- price gas purchase contracts were in place. State governments have moved during the 1980s, however, to replace the utilities as the greatest influence in the pricing chain from wellhead to consumer.With the notable exception of Victoria, producers in most states in recent years have gained a fairer, higher proportion of the end- consumer price. Gas markets to a major degree are now committed Australia wide.Confidentiality and complex pricing philosophies make it sometimes difficult to see clearly the wellhead to consumer pricing structure. However, available information can be analysed and compared to deduce the national scenario with fair accuracy. The wide range of prices to consumers reflects the fact that major industrial customers underpin the development economics of high- cost long- distance transmission lines.The abundance of gas in Australia, both onshore and offshore, makes new uses essential to optimise the industry's potential.
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Jeddi Yeganeh, Armin, Andrew Patton McCoy, and Steve Hankey. "Green Affordable Housing: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Zoning Incentives." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 6269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226269.
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In the year 2017, about 89% of the total energy consumed in the US was produced using non-renewable energy sources, and about 43% of tenant households were cost burdened. Local governments are in a unique position to facilitate green affordable housing, that could reduce cost burdens, environmental degradation, and environmental injustice. Nonetheless, limited studies have made progress on the costs and benefits of green affordable housing, to guide decision-making, particularly in small communities. This study investigates density bonus options for green affordable housing by analyzing construction costs, transaction prices, and spillover effects of green certifications and affordable housing units. The authors employ pooled cross-sectional construction cost and price data from 422 Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) projects and 11,016 Multiple Listing Service (MLS) transactions in Virginia. Using hedonic regression analyses controlling for mediating factors, the study finds that the new construction of market-rate green certified houses is associated with small upfront costs, but large and statistically significant price premiums. In addition, the construction of market-rate green certified houses has large and statistically significant spillover effects on existing non-certified houses. Existing non-certified affordable housing units show small and often insignificant negative price impacts on the transaction prices of surrounding properties. The study concludes that the magnitude of social benefits associated with green building justifies the local provision of voluntary programs for green affordable housing, where housing is expensive relative to its basic cost of production.
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Elder, John. "OIL PRICE VOLATILITY: INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND SPECIAL AGGREGATES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 22, no. 3 (October 30, 2017): 640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136510051600047x.
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Previous research shows that volatility in oil prices has tended to depress output, as measured by nonresidential investment, gross domestic product, and aggregated measures of industrial production in several countries. This paper investigates the effect of oil price volatility on disaggregated measures of industrial production. The disaggregated measures that we examine are the special aggregates by market groups as calculated by the Federal Reserve Board. Our results are reported for three categories of special aggregates: indexes for industrial production excluding two major industries (technology and motor vehicles), energy-related special aggregates, and non-energy-related special aggregates. Our results indicate that among energy-related market groups, the effects of oil price volatility are concentrated in activities related to primary energy generation and oil and gas drilling. Among non-energy-related market groups, oil price volatility affects a broad range of special aggregates, including aggregates sorted by consumer goods and business equipment.
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Aineto, Diego, Javier Iranzo-Sánchez, Lenin G. Lemus-Zúñiga, Eva Onaindia, and Javier F. Urchueguía. "On the Influence of Renewable Energy Sources in Electricity Price Forecasting in the Iberian Market." Energies 12, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112082.
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The mainstream of EU policies is heading towards the conversion of the nowadays electricity consumer into the future electricity prosumer (producer and consumer) in markets in which the production of electricity will be more local, renewable and economically efficient. One key component of a local short-term and medium-term planning tool to enable actors to efficiently interact in the electric pool markets is the ability to predict and decide on forecast prices. Given the progressively more important role of renewable production in local markets, we analyze the influence of renewable energy production on the electricity price in the Iberian market through historical records. The dependencies discovered in this analysis will serve to identify the forecasts to use as explanatory variables for an electricity price forecasting model based on recurrent neural networks. The results will show the wide impact of using forecasted renewable energy production in the price forecasting.
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Xue, Huidan, Chenguang Li, Liming Wang, and Wen-Hao Su. "Spatial Price Transmission and Price Dynamics of Global Butter Export Market under Economic Shocks." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 9297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169297.
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Recently, the world has experienced striking economic and policy changes, and subsequent uncertainties have impacts on dairy trade price fluctuations. The Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) methodology was established in this paper to better understand international butter export prices transmission, the feedback between the economic context changes and price fluctuations, and the link between the global butter market, energy market, and other commodity markets. We assessed which key factors are typically associated with butter export price movements with regards to shocks to crude oil price, palm oil price, farm-gate raw milk price, exchange rates, and consumer price index (CPI) for food of the EU, New Zealand, the U.S., and the rest of world (RoW), respectively. Using generalized impulse response functions, this study found that decreases in farm-gate raw milk price could be swiftly transmitted to butter export prices of not only a home country but other foreign countries. However, palm oil price and crude oil price merely affects global butter export prices. We also found that U.S. dollar depreciations against the Euro will cause a decline in U.S. butter export price. It is concluded that butter export markets are not well-integrated, yet butter export prices of New Zealand and the U.S. are highly linked.
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Dumbrava, Virgil, George Cristian Lazaroiu, Gabriel Bazacliu, and Dario Zaninelli. "Demand response power system optimization in presence of renewable energy sources." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0023.
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Abstract This paper optimizes the price-based demand response of a large customer in a power system with stochastic production and classical fuel-supplied power plants. The implemented method of optimization, under uncertainty, is helpful to model both the utility functions for the consumers and their technical limitations. The consumers exposed to price-based demand can reduce their cost for electricity procurement by modifying their behavior, possibly shifting their consumption during the day to periods with low electricity prices. The demand is considered elastic to electricity price if the consumer is willing and capable to buy various amounts of energy at different price levels, the demand function being represented as purchasing bidding blocks. The demand response is seen also by the scientific literature as a possible source of the needed flexibility of modern power systems, while the flexibility of conventional generation technologies is restricted by technical constraints, such as ramp rates. This paper shows how wind power generation affects short term operation of the electricity system. Fluctuations in the amount of wind power fed into the grid require, without storage capacities, compensating changes in the output of flexible generators or in the consumers’ behavior. In the presented case study, we show the minimization of the overall costs in presence of stochastic wind power production. For highlighting the variability degree of production from renewable sources, four scenarios of production were formulated, with different probabilities of occurrence. The contribution brought by the paper is represented by the optimization model for demand-response of a large customer in a power system with fossil fueled generators and intermittent renewable energy sources. The consumer can reduce the power system costs by modifying his demand. The demand function is represented as purchasing bidding blocks for the possible price forecasted realizations. The consumer benefit function is modelled as a piecewise linear function.
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Rangasamy, Logan. "The impact of petrol price movements on South African inflation." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 1 (March 23, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i1a1597.
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This paper analyses the impact of petrol price movements on inflation outcomes in South Africa since the mid-1970s. The results show that, over time, the direct contribution of petrol inflation to headline inflation has not only increased, but has also exceeded its weight in the consumer price index. In addition, Granger causality tests and the autoregressive distributed lag approach to co-integration testing reveal that petrol prices have an important bearing on the prices of other (non-petrol) commodities in the economy. The results essentially show that petrol price increases had an important bearing on inflation outcomes in South Africa. This implies that petrol price movements warrant special attention in policy formulation and implementation in South Africa if inflation outcomes were to be kept in check. Keywords: commodity prices, energy prices, inflation, core inflation
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Jovanović, Branislav, Miloš Maljković, Dragan Stamenković, and Vladimir Popović. "Fuel savings by using better-quality insulation in refrigerated vans." Industrija 49, no. 1 (2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija49-31337.
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An additional attention must be payed to the energy efficiency of refrigerated vans transporting perishable foodstuffs, because inefficient operation of refrigeration units installed on these vehicles increases fuel consumption and exhaust gases emissions. The amount of fuel consumed by mechanical refrigeration unit drive can be reduced in many ways. This paper is analysing the impact of thermal insulation quality on the fuel consumed by mechanical refrigeration unit installed on a typical van. The results of the research show that by choosing better-quality thermal insulation around € 420 can be saved annually on fuel consumed by mechanical refrigeration unit driven by vehicle's engine while transporting deeply frozen fish at -20 °C (or other foodstuffs at given temperature). If the van is transporting raw meat (for example) at 0 °C annual savings can be around € 110. When the van is used for transport of deeply frozen fish the investment will pay off after 3.5 years of vehicle exploitation, while if the raw meat is transported the investment will pay off after approximately 14 years. The analysis includes the price of insulating the van, current fuel price in Serbia, as well as the average monthly temperatures in the territory of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Laili, Nurul, Sri Hindarti, and Dwi Susilowati. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRICE FLUCTUATION OF CAYENNE PEPPER IN MALANG REGENCY." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v5i1.7123.
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This study aims to 1) Analyze the pattern of changes in commodity prices for spanish pepper in Malang District. 2) Analyzing the factors that influence fluctuations in the price of spanish pepper in Malang District. The research method used is quantitative method that uses secondary data in the form of time series obtained from several related agencies, namely the Central Statistics Agency of Malang District, Department of Industry and Trade, and Department of food crops, horticulture, and plantation in Malang District. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression with the dependent variable is the price at the consumer level from 2009-2018, while the independent variables use the data of the price of spanish pepper at the producer level, the amount of production, and the amount of consumption from 2009-2018. The study found that: 1) The development of the price of spanish pepper had a trend that tended to increase during the last 10 years. 2) From the results of data processing using multiple linear regression method with Eviews 9.0 application, it is found that the factor that significantly influences changes in the price of spanish pepper is the price at the producer level, while the amount of production of spanish pepper and the number of requests does not significantly affect the change in spanish pepper prices in Malang District.
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Hayes, Dermot, Bruce Babcock, Jacinto Fabiosa, Simla Tokgoz, Amani Elobeid, Tun-Hsiang Yu, Fengxia Dong, et al. "Biofuels: Potential Production Capacity, Effects on Grain and Livestock Sectors, and Implications for Food Prices and Consumers." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 2 (August 2009): 465–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002935.
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We examined four evolution paths of the biofuel sector using a partial equilibrium world agricultural sector model in CARD that includes the new RFS in the 2007 EISA, a two-way relationship between fossil energy and biofuel markets, and a new trend toward corn oil extraction in ethanol plants. At one extreme, one scenario eliminates all support to the biofuel sector when the energy price is low, while the other extreme assumes no distribution bottleneck in ethanol demand growth when the energy price is high. The third scenario considers a pure market force driving ethanol demand growth because of the high energy price, while the last is a policy-induced shock with removal of the biofuel tax credit when the energy price is high. Standard results hold where the biofuel sector expands with higher energy price, raising the prices of most agricultural commodities through demand side adjustment channels for primary feedstocks and supply side adjustment channels for substitute crops and livestock. On the other hand, the biofuel sector shrinks coupled with opposite impacts on agricultural commodities with the removal of all support including the tax credit. Also, we find that given distribution bottlenecks, cellulosic ethanol crowds marketing channels resulting in a corn-based ethanol price that is discounted. The blenders' credit and consumption mandates provide a price floor for ethanol and for corn. Finally, the tight linkage between the energy and agricultural sectors resulting from the expanding biofuel sector may raise the possibility of spillover effects of OPEC's market power on the agricultural sector.
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Laung-Iem, Kornkamol, and Prapita Thanarak. "Determination of Biodiesel Prices in Thailand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 839 (June 2016): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.839.81.
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Biodiesel is a diesel equivalent fuel produced from biological feed stocks, acting as a substitute for petroleum or fossil diesel. Biodiesel production in Thailand began in 2005, with prices stabilizing after 2008. Biodiesel, along with other biofuels, plays a role in Thailand’s Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP). The purpose of this study is to examine factors in the Thai biodiesel prices (2009-2014). The study assessed factors in downstream biodiesel prices at consumer locations like gas stations. The price factors assessed in the study included ex-refinery prices, excise taxes, municipal taxes, oil fund contributions, energy conservation fund conributions, marketing margin and exchange rate (USD). Regression results showed that all of these factors were significant (r2 = 0.867). The implication of the study is that while most of the retail price of biodiesel in Thailand is attributable to cost factors, there is some unexplained variance in price. This offers an opportunity for future research.
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Rydén, Petra J., and Linda Hagfors. "Diet cost, diet quality and socio-economic position: how are they related and what contributes to differences in diet costs?" Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 9 (January 24, 2011): 1680–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010003642.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine diet costs in relation to dietary quality and socio-economic position, and to investigate underlying reasons for differences in diet costs.DesignDietary intake was assessed by a 4 d food diary and evaluated using the 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI). National consumer food prices collected by Statistics Sweden and from two online stores/supermarkets were used to estimate diet costs.SettingSweden.SubjectsA nationally representative sample of 2160 children aged 4, 8 or 11 years.ResultsHigher scores on the HEI resulted in higher diet costs and, conversely, higher diet costs were linked to increased total HEI scores. Children who consumed the most healthy and/or expensive diets ate a more energy-dilute and varied diet compared with those who ate the least healthy and/or least expensive diets. They also consumed more fish, ready meals and fruit. Regression analysis also linked increased food costs to these food groups. There was a positive, but weak, relationship between HEI score and diet cost, parental education and parental occupation respectively.ConclusionsHealthy eating is associated with higher diet cost in Swedish children, in part because of price differences between healthy and less-healthy foods. The cheapest and most unhealthy diets were found among those children whose parents were the least educated and had manual, low-skill occupations. Our results pose several challenges for public health policy makers, as well as for nutrition professionals, when forming dietary strategies and providing advice for macro- and microlevels in society.
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Ogede, Jimoh Sina. "Does Oil Price Volatility Drive Household Consumption Expenditures in Nigeria?" Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 9, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15498.
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This paper investigates whether volatilities in oil prices influence consumer household consumption expenditure from 1995 to 2019, a period described in the literature by the weakening effect of oil price volatility on macroeconomic factors. The Vector autoregressive model's findings suggest that the unexpected changes in oil prices significantly influence household consumption expenditure in Nigeria. A one standard deviation unexpected for a change in oil prices corresponds to a 28.31 percent increase in Nigeria's consumption expenditure. Moreover, the decomposition of the variance did not affect the sign and significance of the household relationship between oil price volatility and consumption expenditure. The paper offers that the extent to which dependence on oil continues depends on the magnitude to which Nigeria's economies can continue developing alternative energy sources and improving energy conservation.JEL classification: D15, Q43 How to Cite:Ogede, J. S. (2020). Does Oil Price Volatility Drive Household Consumption Expenditures in Nigeria? Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 257-268. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15498.
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Hassan, Syed Aun. "Modeling Asymmetric Volatility In Oil Prices." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 27, no. 3 (April 12, 2011): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v27i3.4214.
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<p>Recent volatility in crude oil prices has affected economies around the world, especially the US economy, which is the largest consumer of oil. This paper focuses on how shocks to volatility of crude oil prices may affect future oil prices. The paper uses daily crude oil price data for the past 10 years to test and model the oil price volatility by fitting different variations of GARCH including a univariate asymmetric GARCH model to the series. Tests show high persistence and asymmetric behavior in oil price volatility, and reveal that negative and positive news have a different impact on oil price volatility. These results will help interested observers better understanding of the energy markets and has important consequences for the overall economy.</p>
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Irwanti, Winda, Madarina Julia, and Yayi Suryo Prabandari. "Konsumsi rokok dan asupan zat gizi balita pada rumah tangga miskin." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 9, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.15445.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Eradication of poverty and starvation is still an agenda of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2015 due to the serious impact of poverty and starvation to human beings. Poverty and starvation are worsened by smoking habit of the Indonesian population. Expenditures used for cigarettes may bring bad impact to the health of toddlers, including lack of nutrient intake. However, until today it is not yet precisely known how much lack of nutrient intake in toddlers caused by cigarette consumption. Objective: To identify difference in nutrient intake of energy and protein of toddlers based on the amount of cigarettes consumed in poor household at Yogyakarta Municipality.Method: The study used cross sectional design. Subject consisted of 86 toddlers of two-five years living in poor household at Yogyakarta Municipality. Cigarette consumption, mother of toddlers and all members of the family were obtained from interview. Method to assess intake was multiple 24 hours food recall within four days, whereas interview was used to assess cigarette consumption. Statistical analysis was performed by using Two Sample Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, regression, and Chi-Square.Results: As much as 77.9% of poor household had at least one smoker. There was no significant difference in intake of energy and protein of toddlers living with smokers and non smokers, though percentage of expenditure for food was significantly lower in the household with smokers. This might be due to high consumption of food with high energy density at affordable price and protein at low price. Snacks were the third most consumed by toddlers and 40% of animal protein consumed were eggs.Conclusion: There was no significant difference in intake of energy and protein of toddlers living in the poor household with smokers and those living with non smokers, but percentage of expenditure for food significantly lower in household with smokers.