Academic literature on the topic 'Price indexes – Methodology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Price indexes – Methodology"
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Bourassa, Steven C., Eva Cantoni, and Martin Hoesli. "Robust hedonic price indexes." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 9, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-11-2014-0050.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of robust techniques to the estimation of hedonic house price indexes. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use simulation analysis to compare an index estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) with several indexes estimated using robust techniques. The analysis uses sales transactions data from a US city. The authors then explore how robust methods can correct for omitted variables under some circumstances and how they affect the revision problem that occurs when longitudinal hedonic indexes are updated. Findings – Robust methods can resolve missing variable problems in some circumstances and also can substantially reduce the revision problem in longitudinal hedonic indexes. Practical implications – Robust techniques may be preferable to OLS when constructing longitudinal hedonic indexes. Originality/value – This is the first paper to undertake a systematic analysis of the applicability of robust techniques in constructing hedonic house price indexes.
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Hsieh, Heng-Hsing, Kathleen Hodnett, and Paul Van Rensburg. "Fundamental Indexation For Global Equities: Does Firm Size Matter?" Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 1 (July 17, 2012): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i1.7154.
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Market capitalization is often used as the weighting methodology for broad market indexes to reflect the performances of large established firms in the market. The market capitalization of a firm is a price-sensitive measure of firm size that self-adjusts to reflect the firms intrinsic value in an efficient capital market. In the presence of investor overreaction, the price-sensitive cap-weighted indexes cease to be mean-variance efficient in that they overweigh overvalued assets and under weigh undervalued assets. Fundamental indexation, proposed by Arnott, Hsu and Moore (2005), argue that fundamental values of a firm such as book value, revenues and earnings are price-insensitive, and hence are not subject to the systematic overshooting of asset prices through noise trading. The aim of this paper is to test whether fundamental-weighted indexes are more mean-variance efficient proxies for large established firms in the global equity market compared to cap-weighted indexes over an extensive 18-year period from 1991 to 2008. Test results show that fundamental-weighted indexes outperform cap-weighted indexes over two sub-periods as well as the overall examination period, during an expansionary market and in turbulent times. A strong negative relationship between the degree of index concentration and the index performance is detected for cap-weighted indexes while no such relationship is detected for the fundamental-weighted indexes. Our results suggest that price-insensitive fundamental-weighted indexes are more mean-variance efficient proxies for the performances of large firms for global equities relative to cap-weighted indexes. By removing the price-element in measuring firm size, the small firm anomaly is not present in fundamental-weighted indexes.
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Fares, Florencia Melisa, Guido Zack, and Ricardo Gabriel Martínez. "Sectoral Price and Quantity Indexes of Argentine Foreign Trade." Lecturas de Economía, no. 93 (July 9, 2020): 297–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a338277.
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Argentina does not have a sufficiently complete and developed system of sectoral statistical data on foreign trade. This paper tries to make a contribution showing a methodology to calculate foreign trade indexes, based on unit values obtained from Foreign Trade Consultation System of INDEC. This methodology is applied to the quarterly data of Argentine sectoral imports and exports and its accuracy is shown from the comparison with price indexes published by INDEC (aggregate level) and Brazilian statistical institute (sectoral level). Our indexes show a correlation above 80% and variability close to the benchmark in almost all sectors. Finally, we analyzed the contribution of each sector to foreign trade growth during 1996-2016 using the estimated quantity indexes, something impossible to obtain without the estimated price indexes. Both real exports and imports show a weak growth pace of 2.3% and 2.4% per year, respectively. The leading sectors are Foodstuff industry and Agricultural products in exports, and Motor vehicles and Chemical products in imports for the whole period
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Juszczak, Adam. "The use of web-scraped data to analyze the dynamics of footwear prices." Journal of Economics and Management 43 (2021): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22367/jem.2021.43.12.
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Aim/purpose – Web-scraping is a technique used to automatically extract data from websites. After the rise-up of online shopping, it allows the acquisition of information about prices of goods sold by retailers such as supermarkets or internet shops. This study examines the possibility of using web-scrapped data from one clothing store. It aims at comparing known price index formulas being implemented to the web-scraping case and verifying their sensitivity on the choice of data filter type. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses the price data scrapped from one of the biggest online shops in Poland. The data were obtained as part of eCPI (electronic Consumer Price Index) project conducted by the National Bank of Poland. The author decided to select three types of products for this analysis – female ballerinas, male shoes, and male oxfords to compare their prices in over one-year time period. Six price indexes were used for calculation – The Jevons and Dutot indexes with their chain and GEKS (acronym from the names of creators – Gini–Éltető–Köves–Szulc) versions. Apart from the analysis conducted on a full data set, the author introduced filters to remove outliers. Findings – Clothing and footwear are considered one of the most difficult groups of goods to measure price change indexes due to high product churn, which undermines the possibility to use the traditional Jevons and Dutot indexes. However, it is possible to use chained indexes and GEKS indexes instead. Still, these indexes are fairly sensitive to large price changes. As observed in case of both product groups, the results provided by the GEKS and chained versions of indexes were different, which could lead to conclu- sion that even though they are lending promising results, they could be better suited for other COICOP (Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose) groups. Research implications/limitations – The findings of the paper showed that usage of filters did not significantly reduce the difference between price indexes based on GEKS and chain formulas. Originality/value/contribution – The usage of web-scrapped data is a fairly new topic in the literature. Research on the possibility of using different price indexes provides useful insights for future usage of these data by statistics offices. Keywords: inflation, CPI, web-scraping, online shopping, big data. JEL Classification: C43, C49.
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Cavallo, Alberto, and Roberto Rigobon. "The Billion Prices Project: Using Online Prices for Measurement and Research." Journal of Economic Perspectives 30, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 151–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.30.2.151.
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A large and growing share of retail prices all over the world are posted online on the websites of retailers. This is a massive and (until recently) untapped source of retail price information. Our objective with the Billion Prices Project, created at MIT in 2008, is to experiment with these new sources of information to improve the computation of traditional economic indicators, starting with the Consumer Price Index. We also seek to understand whether online prices have distinct dynamics, their advantages and disadvantages, and whether they can serve as reliable source of information for economic research. The word “billion” in Billion Prices Project was simply meant to express our desire to collect a massive amount of prices, though we in fact reached that number of observations in less than two years. By 2010, we were collecting 5 million prices every day from over 300 retailers in 50 countries. We describe the methodology used to compute online price indexes and show how they co-move with consumer price indexes in most countries. We also use our price data to study price stickiness, and to investigate the “law of one price” in international economics. Finally we describe how the Billion Prices Project data are publicly shared and discuss why data collection is an important endeavor that macro- and international economists should pursue more often.
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Kirikkaleli, Dervis, and Ibrahim Darbaz. "The Causal Linkage between Energy Price and Food Price." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 4182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144182.
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This paper aims to reveal the causal relationship between energy prices and food prices and whether this relationship is similar in the food sub-groups forming the food price index used. As food prices more than doubled during the 2008 economic crisis, this relationship has received considerable attention from researchers. Many researches have been conducted to determine the causes and consequences of the 2008 food price crisis. Researches are mainly focused on crude oil and bio-energy in terms of “energy”. This research is not only differentiated by the data used but also by the methodology employed. The study attempts to add new findings to the empirical food price literature by utilizing relatively newly developed methods, namely Toda–Yamamoto causality, Fourier Toda–Yamamoto causality, and spectral BC causality tests. The spectral BC causality test clearly reveals that there is bidirectional causality between the energy price index and food price indexes (grains, other food, and oils) at different frequencies.
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Ericson, Lars-Erik, Han-Suck Song, Jakob Winstrand, and Mats Wilhelmsson. "REGIONAL HOUSE PRICE INDEX CONSTRUCTION – THE CASE OF SWEDEN." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 17, no. 3 (September 23, 2013): 278–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2013.822032.
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The academic literature on the construction of regional house price indexes usually uses geographic areas whose boundaries are administratively drawn. However such administrative regions might not be optimal for the construction of regional price indexes. When producing housing price indexes, we often encounter problems with insufficient number of observations. One way to remedy this problem is to estimate a quarterly index instead of a monthly index. Another possible way to mitigate the thin markets problem is to construct indexes for geographically aggregated regions. However, the literature that discusses methods of dealing with the problem of thin markets and especially geographical aggregation is very rare. The goal of this paper is to construct a housing price index for a major part of Sweden, and to construct price index series for a number of regions. The number of regions, and how their boundaries should be created in order to construct reliable regional price indexes, is however an open question. We apply traditional hedonic methodology in order to estimate house price indexes for both predefined regions whose boundaries are based on a division of labor markets in Sweden, as well as a division of regions based on statistical cluster analysis. The results from this study suggest that regions should be clustered together based on regional price levels and/or price development as clustering variables. If only geographical proximity is used as clustering variable, our computations show that there is a high risk that we end up with some clusters having large standard errors, which in turn might result in inaccurate indexes.
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Waltl, Sofie R. "A hedonic house price index in continuous time." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 9, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 648–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-10-2015-0066.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop a methodology to accurately and timely measure movements in housing markets by constructing a continuously estimated house price index. Design/methodology/approach The continuous index, which is extracted from an additive model that includes the temporal and the locational effects as smooth functions, can be interpreted as an extension of the classical hedonic time-dummy method. The methodology is applied to housing sales from Sydney, Australia, between 2001 and 2011, and compared to three types of discrete indexes. Findings Discrete indexes turn out to approach the continuously estimated index with decreasing period lengths but eventually become wiggly and unreliable because of fewer observations per period. The continuous index, in contrast, is stable, has favourable robustness properties and is more objective in several ways. Originality/value The resulting index tracks movements in the housing market precisely and in “real-time” and is hence suited for monitoring and assessing housing markets. Because turbulence in housing markets is often a harbinger of financial crises, such monitoring tools support policymakers and investors in tailoring their decisions and reactions. Additionally, the index can be evaluated arbitrarily frequently and therefore is well suited for use in property derivatives.
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Hill, Robert J., and T. Peter Hill. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF PRICES AND REAL OUTPUT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 13, S2 (September 2009): 194–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509090129.
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Three important current areas of research in the field of international comparisons are the construction of price indexes at the basic heading level, price indexes at higher levels of aggregation, and the linking of comparisons across regions. We consider recent innovations in each of these areas. These innovations have largely arisen out of International Comparisons Program (ICP) 2005, and hence we discuss them in this context. We give particular emphasis to the construction of price indexes at the basic heading level, because we believe it is here that the biggest problems lie. For example, the apparently anomalous results obtained for China and India in ICP 2005 can be traced back to problems at the basic heading level. We also highlight some inconsistencies in current ICP methodology and some promising areas for future research that warrant closer scrutiny in the next round of ICP.
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Hamdi, Haykel, and Jihed Majdoub. "Risk-sharing finance governance: Islamic vs conventional indexes option pricing." Managerial Finance 44, no. 5 (May 14, 2018): 540–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-05-2017-0199.
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Purpose Risk governance has an important influence on the hedging performances in option pricing and portfolio hedging in both discrete and dynamic case for both conventional and Islamic indexes. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper explores option pricing and portfolio hedging in a discrete and dynamic case with transaction costs. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to both conventional and Islamic indexes in US and UK markets. Simulations show that conventional and Islamic assets do not exhibit the same price and portfolio hedging strategy governance. Findings The authors conclude that Islamic assets show different option price and hedging strategy compared to their conventional counterpart. Originality/value The research question of this paper aims at filling the gap in the empirical literature by exploring option price and hedging structure for both conventional and Islamic indexes in US and UK stock markets.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Price indexes – Methodology"
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ROZENBAUM, SERGIO. "MICP - MUNICIPAL INDEX OF CONDOMINIUM PRICES: A PROPOSED METHODOLOGY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13440@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROVem-se observando, no Brasil, um crescimento do mercado imobiliário. Os jornais e revistas das principais cidades brasileiras contêm inúmeras páginas de anúncios de lançamentos imobiliários. São muitas ofertas, muitos compradores e muitos negócios. O mercado imobiliário está em expansão, atendendo a quase todas as classes sociais e empregando um grande contingente de mão-de-obra. Várias empresas de construção civil foram listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo, obtendo recursos para o desenvolvimento de projetos. Esse mercado está assumindo, finalmente, um papel importante na economia do Brasil, a exemplo dos EUA, da União Européia e dos países da OCDE (Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico). Ainda falta, contudo, um indicador das tendências do mercado que permita uma análise do investimento, tanto para produtores quanto para os compradores. Na verdade, não existe um índice de preços para o mercado imobiliário para nenhuma cidade brasileira. Esta pesquisa concluiu que para grande parte das prefeituras brasileiras, é possível usar as bases de dados do ITBI (Imposto de Transmissão de Bens Imóveis) e do IPTU (Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano) para a construção de um índice municipal de preços de apartamentos (IMPA). Um índice foi construído através de um modelo hedônico em que os atributos utilizados são os que constam da base de dados do ITBI, e mais uma variável, que atribui um valor à localização das ruas de um bairro (VR). Essa variável foi obtida na planta genérica de valores (PGV), que serve de base de cálculo do IPTU. A partir do modelo utilizado na cidade de Paris, França, foi proposta uma nova metodologia, testada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A divisão das cidades em regiões homogêneas, representadas por um ou mais de seus bairros mais importantes, permitiu a obtenção de índices regionais e, por agregação, um índice municipal. A metodologia é de fácil replicação por grande parte das prefeituras das cidades brasileiras de grande e médio porte que possuam um cadastro das edificações residenciais multi-familiares e uma planta genérica de valores. Quando essas prefeituras construírem seus índices, será possível obter um índice nacional. Os resultados obtidos para o Município do Rio de Janeiro validaram o modelo.
A growth of the real estate market has been observed in Brazil. The newspapers and magazines of main Brazilian cities contain many pages of ads for new real estate developments. There are many offers, many buyers and many deals. The real estate market is growing, meeting the needs of almost all social classes and employing a large pool of labor. A number of construction companies have been listed on the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange, having obtained capital funding for development projects. This market is finally getting an important role in Brazils economy, like the U.S., EU and OECD countries (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). However, it still lacks an indicator of market trends to enable an analysis of the investment, both for developers and for buyers. As a matter of fact, there is not a price index for the real estate market of any Brazilian city. This research concluded that for most Brazilian cities, it is possible to use the ITBI (Transmission of Real Estate Tax) and IPTU (Buildings and Urban Property Tax) databases for the creation of a municipal index of condominium prices (MICP). An index was created through a hedonic model that uses attributes from the ITBI database, plus a variable attribute which assigns a value to the location of the streets of a neighborhood (VR). This variable attribute was obtained from the plant of generic values (PGV), which serves as the basis for calculating IPTU. Based on the model used in the city of Paris, France, a new methodology was proposed and tested in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The division of cities into homogeneous regions, represented by one or more of the most important neighborhoods, enabled the achievement of a regional index and, by means of aggregation, a municipal index. The methodology is easy to replicate for most Brazilian cities of large and medium size that have a record of multi-family residential buildings and a general valuation platform. After those cities build their own indexes, it will be possible to obtain a national index. The results for Rio de Janeiro have validated that model.
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Ivancic, Lorraine Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Scanner data and the construction of price indices." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40782.
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This thesis explores whether scanner data can be used to inform Consumer Price Index (CPI) construction, with particular reference to the issues of substitution bias and choice of aggregation dimensions. The potential costs and benefits of using scanner data are reviewed. Existing estimates of substitution bias are found to show considerable variation. An Australian scanner data set is used to estimate substitution bias for six different aggregation methods and for fixed base and superlative indexes. Direct and chained indexes are also calculated. Estimates of substitution bias are found to be highly sensitive to both the method of aggregation used and whether direct or chained indexes were used. The ILO (2004) recommends the use of dissimilarity indexes to determine the issue of when to chain. This thesis provides the first empirical study of dissimilarity indexes in this context. The results indicate that dissimilarity indexes may not be sufficient to resolve the issue. A Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) index provides an approximate estimate of substitution-bias-free price change, without the need for current period expenditure weights. However, an elasticity parameter is needed. Two methods, referred to as the algebraic and econometric methods, were used to estimate the elasticity parameter. The econometric approach involved the estimation of a system of equations proposed by Diewert (2002a). This system has not been estimated previously. The results show a relatively high level of substitution at the elementary aggregate level, which supports the use a Jevons index, rather than Carli or Dutot indexes, at this level. Elasticity parameter estimates were found to vary considerably across time, and statistical testing showed that elasticity parameter estimates were significantly different across estimation methods. Aggregation is an extremely important issue in the compilation of the CPI. However, little information exists about 'appropriate' aggregation methods. Aggregation is typically recommended over 'homogenous' units. An hedonic framework is used to test for item homogeneity across four supermarket chains and across all stores within each chain. This is a novel approach. The results show that treating the same good as homogenous across stores which belong to the same chain may be recommended.
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TU, YONG-JYUN, and 涂詠鈞. "Application of Repeat Sales Methodology in Taiwan Real Estate Market: Changes of Housing Price, Flipping Behavior, Housing Price Index." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p83296.
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碩士國立臺北大學
不動產與城鄉環境學系
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This study uses transaction data from the Ministry of the Interior to carry out the investigation of repeat sales data, and applies it to the research of Taiwan real estate market. The research scope includes the repeat sales data from 2012 to 2018 in the six major cities of Taiwan. Through the use of repeat sales data, this study focuses on the changes of housing price, flipping behavior and house price index in the real estate market. In the first part, we uses honic model to examine the changes of housing price. The research found that the price of the real estate is no longer the same as the influence of the past research. The traditionally considered non-essential areas have a more positive price trend; in addition, the economic cycle and policy is also an important factor affecting house price changes. Taking New Taipei City as an example, 2013 and 2014 are positive impacts, with negative impacts in 2016, 2017 and 2018. In the second part, we uses Logistic regression to examine the flipping behavior in real estate market. The study found that the short-term trading factors of Taiwan's six municipalities are quite consistent, such as: 1) new, old enough houses are easy for short-term trading. 2) Huaxia and residential buildings have statistical significant impact, but transferring area and transferring floor did not show statistical significance; 3) non-essential location on the short-term trading of real estate have positive influence, in addition, the economic cycle, policy effects and house price appreciation were also important factors affecting flipping behavior, such as: in Tainan City and Kaohsiung City in 2013. The average is higher than the short-term trading rate in 2015. Finally, this study uses the repeat sales data to compile the repeat transaction price index of the six municipalities in Taiwan, and compares it with the current hedonic price index of the Ministry of the Interior. This study finds that when the hedonic price index fluctuates greatly in the municipality, the repeat sales price index can perform well, indicating that the repeat sales price index is quite feasible in the Taiwan real estate market.
Books on the topic "Price indexes – Methodology"
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missing], [name. Scanner data and price indexes. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
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Ferencné, Endrődi. A külkereskedelmi árindex számításának módszertana. Budapest: Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, 1997.
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South-East Asian Central Banks. Research and Training Centre., ed. Price pressure measurements for effective monetary policy: Methodology and issues. Kuala Lumpur: South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre, 2005.
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Règlement portant adoption d'une méthodologie commune aux états membres d'AFRISTAT pour lʹélaboration d'un indice harmonisé de la production industrielle. Bamako, Mali]: AFRISTAT, 2010.
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Hobijn, Bart. Is equipment price deflation a statistical artifact? [New York, N.Y.]: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2001.
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Knight, Genevieve. Tradables: Developing output and price measures for Australia's tradable and non-tradable sectors. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1997.
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Methodologie der EG-Agrarpreisindizes (Output und Input) =: Methodology of EC agricultural price indices (output and input). Luxembourg: Office des publications officielles des Communautés européennes, 1985.
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Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (Argentina), ed. Indices de precios y cantidades del comercio exterior: Base 1993. Buenos Aires: República Argentina, Ministerio de Economía y Obras y Servicios Públicos, Secretaría de Programación Económica, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, 1996.
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Methodology of Ec Agricultural Price Indices (Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). European Communities, 1986.
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Statistics, Fiji Bureau of, ed. Methodology report on the building material price index: Base average 12 months 1989=100. Suva, Fiji: Bureau of Statistics, 1991.
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Lovell, C. A. Knox, and Kimberly D. Zieschang. "The Problem of New and Disappearing Commodities in the Construction of Price Indexes." In Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology, and Applications, 353–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0637-5_18.
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Diewert, W. Erwin, Kiyohiko G. Nishimura, Chihiro Shimizu, and Tsutomu Watanabe. "Estimation of Residential Property Price Index: Methodology and Data Sources." In Property Price Index, 127–79. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55942-9_4.
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Vorontsova, Natalia D., and Nadezhda V. Palesheva. "Analysis of the Modern Methodology of Calculating Consumer Price Index in the Russian Federation and the Perspectives of Its Digital Economy’s Sustainable Development." In Sustainable Development of Modern Digital Economy, 343–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70194-9_34.
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Matias, Liliana Bernardino, Ana Costa Freitas, and Filipe Fernandes Miranda. "Retail Customer Native Baskets Creation." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 168–91. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6985-6.ch008.
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Standard approaches to measure price index on a specific retailer against competitors tend to be overly optimistic. The authors propose a methodology that deflects from analyzing solely the price of all products effectively bought by customers by taking into consideration their prior shopping intention. Loyalty schemes are game changers when measuring price index. The study proposes a two-step methodology that comprises on building the customer native baskets and allocating the prices collected to each customer. Under the assumption that a price sensitive customer will not buy a poorly priced product compared to the competitors in that specific period, the authors present an innovative methodology resulting in a more realistic price index metric.
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Sharma, Pooja. "Conceptualizing the Role of Renewables in Determining Energy Security." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 153–72. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8335-7.ch010.
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All countries worldwide demand energy for economic growth. The main objectives of the chapter are three-fold: firstly, to investigate the role of renewables in the global energy transition, examining the parameters such as a share in the primary energy demand, installed capacity, etc.; secondly, to identify the factors that affect determine deployment of renewable energy such as energy imports, R&D funds, energy prices, etc.; and thirdly, to examine the role of renewables in contributing to energy security by computing a renewable energy security index (RESI) by deploying the methodology of principal component analysis (PCA) method. The renewable energy security index has been improving over the period 2000-2018 and is significantly correlated with all the four aspects of energy security availability, accessibility, acceptability, and affordability. Consequently, the economies across all nations should adopt appropriate pathways of the energy transition towards renewable energy sources not only to achieve energy security but also energy efficiency.
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Andrzejczak, Monika. "The impact of Covid-19 on the finances of multinational enterprises from the perspective of Balance of Payments transactions." In Towards the „new normal” after COVID-19 – a post-transition economy perspective, 100–123. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-061-6/i8.
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Purpose: The analysis of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the finances of economic entities from the perspective of the structure of financing, investments and dividend policy. Design/methodology/approach: The research covered the countries of the EU, due to the specific type of ties between these countries. Research stages: 1. Classification of countries in terms of the selected IIP and the BP statistics and macroeconomic data in 2018–2019 (pre-pandemic period), average levels for 2018–2019 in relation to GDP; 2. Presentation of the development of selected monthly BP statistics during the pandemic period (from January 2020), in terms of: (i) changes in the share of GDP (first half of 2020 in relation to the first half of 2019); (ii) year on year changes. Research methodology: data source: Eurostat, annual, quarterly, and monthly data in million EUR, the collected statistics were adjusted to the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP). Findings: At the end of November 2020, it is difficult to identify the pattern of changes to the flows of the discussed categories based on the analysis of information from the pre-pandemic period. Practical implications: The creation of a“new” division between the EU countries as a result of Covid-19 may result in a change in the priorities of functioning within the entire Union and in a change in the rules of redistribution of the EU funds. Originality and value: An original way of framing decisions on capital structure, investment decisions and dividend policy through the prism of the Balance of Payments flows.
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Reeve, John D., and Peter Turchin. "Evidence for Predator-Prey Cycles in a Bark Beetle." In Population Cycles. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140989.003.0009.
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The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is an economically important pest of pine forests in the southern United States (Price et al. 1992). This native bark beetle is able to attack and kill living trees, typically loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pine, through a process of mass attack coordinated by pheromones emitted by the beetle (Payne 1980). During the attack process, thousands of beetles bore through the outer bark of the tree and begin constructing galleries in the phloem layer. Trees can respond to beetle attack by exuding resin from a network of ducts, but the large number of simultaneous attacks usually overcomes this defense, literally draining the resin from the tree. Oviposition and brood development then occur in the girdled (and ultimately dead) tree. Once a tree is fully colonized the attack process shifts to adjacent trees, often resulting in a cluster of freshly attacked trees, trees containing developing brood, and dead and vacated trees (Coulson 1980). These infestations can range in size from a single tree to tens of thousands, although the latter only occur in areas where no control methods are applied. Approximately six generations can be completed in a year in the southern United States (Ungerer et al. 1999). Like many other forest insect pests, D. frontalis populations are characterized by a considerable degree of fluctuation. The longest time series available are Texas Forest Service records of infestations in southeast Texas since 1958 (figure 5.la). These data suggest that the fluctuations have at least some periodic component, with major outbreaks occurring at intervals of 7-9 years (1968, 1976, 1985, and 1992). A variety of different analyses, including standard time series analysis and response surface methodology (Turchin 1990, Turchin and Taylor 1992), suggest that D.frontalis dynamics are indeed cyclic and appear governed by some kind of delayed negative feedback acting on population growth (see chapter 1). This effect can be seen by plotting the realized per-capita rate of growth (R-values) over a year against population density in the previous year (figure 5.1b).
Conference papers on the topic "Price indexes – Methodology"
1
Radzikowski, Bartosz, and Adam Śmietanka. "Online CASE CPI." In CARMA 2016 - 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2016.2016.3133.
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Online CASE CPI is an example of using Big data in public statistics. In principle, it is a consumer price index based entirely on online prices: a combination of Central Statistical Office of Poland’s methodology and online data sets. An innovative method of data collection – data scrapping – allowed us to substantially reduce a time delay between data collection and a publication of results. A short, nine-month period of data collection has not given rise to make important conclusions, hence the aims of this paper are: to discuss a general framework of measuring consumer inflation online, to present preliminary results for Poland and to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this approach. Finally, we believe that online consumer price indices have a complementary nature to conventional inflation measurement, but it might be a serious alternative, having in mind a huge growth potential of e-commerce in coming years.
2
Hayward, Rebecca, Michelle Eckert, Justin Thomas, Mickey Whitzer, Saikat Chaudhuri, Tom Fitzsimons, David Hsu, Mark Yim, and Vijay Kumar. "The Y-Prize Competition: An Inverted X-Prize Competition for Commercializing University Research." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34990.
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We have seen an increase in engineering competitions for high school and collegiate students ranging from concrete canoes [1] to human powered vehicles [2], FIRST Robotics [3] to iGem [4], and hackathons to business plan competitions. Each of these efforts challenges students to develop new ideas, methodologies, technologies, and designs to solve problems. Indeed, on a larger scale, X-Prize competitions foster innovation by getting top inventors to compete against one another to create solution methodologies in specific problem domains (e.g., automotive, space, or genomics). We have developed the Y-Prize competition that flips the X-Prize structure by challenging students to innovate in the problem space instead of the solution space. In the problem space, students compete to develop the best applications for technological solutions that have been developed in university research laboratories. The three goals of the Y-Prize competition are: a) Expose a wide range of students in and outside engineering to emerging technology and to shine the spotlight on the opportunities in research labs on campus; b) Educate university students on the challenges inherent with technology transfer in research laboratories and engage them in technological innovation; and c) Develop and evaluate a new methodology for innovation based on cutting-edge university research which dramatically increases the number of students engaged in technology transfer.
3
Bhargava, R., and A. Peretto. "A Unique Approach for Thermo-Economic Optimization of an Intercooled, Reheat and Recuperated Gas Turbine for Cogeneration Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0206.
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In the present paper, a comprehensive methodology for the thermo-economic performance optimization of an intercooled reheat (ICRH) gas turbine with recuperation for cogenerative applications has been presented covering a wide range of power-to-heat ratio values achievable. To show relative changes in the thermo-economic performance for the recuperated ICRH gas turbine cycle, results for ICRH, recuperated Brayton and simple Brayton cycles are also included in the paper. For the three load cases investigated, the recuperated ICRH gas turbine cycle provides the highest values of electric efficiency and Energy Saving Index for the cogenerative systems requiring low thermal loads (high power-to-heat ratio) compared to the other cycles. Also, this study showed, in general, that the recuperated ICRH cycle permits wider power-to-heat ratio range compared to the other cycles and for different load cases examined, a beneficial thermodynamic characteristic for the cogeneration applications. Furthermore, this study clearly shows that implementation of the recuperated ICRH cycle in a cogeneration system will permit to design a gas turbine which has the high specific work capacity and high electric efficiency at low value of the overall cycle pressure ratio compared to the other cycles studied. Economic performance of the investigated gas turbine cycles have been found dependent on the power-to-heat ratio value and the selected cost structure (fuel cost, electric sale price, steam sale price etc.), the results for a selected cost structure in the study are discussed in this paper.
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Hurst, Roger C., and Karel Matocha. "A Renaissance in the Use of the Small Punch Testing Technique." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45095.
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The underlying purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether the CEN CWA 15627 “Small Punch Test Method for Metallic Materials” first published in 2006 has indeed succeeded in providing a stimulus for a wider implementation of the small punch test technique in industrial applications throughout Europe and indeed worldwide. A wealth of research progress has been apparent, as strongly evidenced in three dedicated SSTT (Small Specimen Testing Techniques) conferences held in Europe over the last five years, but also in the wider literature. In particular it is important to mention the recent publication of a Japanese standard and the announcement of parallel progress in China. The present paper concentrates on progress within Europe from the launch of the Code to the present day. In particular attention is focused on the need for industrial acceptance of the test methodology and methods for evaluating the results. Some scepticism still seems to prevail within sectors of the conventional power generation industry, an industry which can potentially benefit most from successful remanent lifetime extension tools of which small punch testing can be considered as a prime candidate. In spite of this, it is demonstrated that a major proportion of the Small Punch testing research of the last decade has been carried out on power plant steels. Meanwhile it is shown that there is evidence that the original remit of the methodology in assessing the integrity of irradiated nuclear plant remains active, new interest is developing for aerospace and next generation nuclear applications enhancing further the credibility of the Code.
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Gorbea, Carlos, Ernst Fricke, and Udo Lindemann. "The Design of Future Cars in a New Age of Architectural Competition." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49722.
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This paper presents how complex system architecture lifecycles, such as that of cars, follow a similar S-curve shaped path as that of individual technological innovations. By applying this theory we show that today’s automotive industry has started a new chapter of architectural competition with similarities to its early history from 1885–1915 when steam, electric and internal combustion engine cars were competing to dominate the automotive market. Taking a historical perspective, we find that firms that organize their development activities to focus on bringing about architectural innovation are better placed in succeeding in the future market until a new dominant architecture emerges. The architecture lifecycle framework used in this study is constructed by means of a performance index. The index scores the performance of 91 cars of various architectures based on five overall system variables: power, weight, maximum velocity, fuel efficiency and the manufacturer’s suggested retail price. Depicting architectural performance over time helps identify periods of architecture competition and dominance where historical agents to change can be identified. The key factors that brought about architectural competition in the early 1900’s involved a series of innovation breakthroughs in engine and fuel technologies. Today, a new wave of power train innovations is being triggered primarily by environmental regulatory demands to reduce vehicle emissions. Future research lies in presenting a methodology for selecting vehicle architectures early on in the product development cycle that are best suited for the market going forward based on a manufacturer’s goals and a cost-benefit analysis.
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Farrugia, P. J., P. Vella, and M. Mifsud. "A Framework Supporting Life-Cycle Guidance for Fabricating Micro Components by Compression Moulding." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28248.
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Micro-products and components are rapidly increasing in a range of sectors. This demand requires industrial technologies capable of mass producing polymer micro products at a reasonable price. These two requirements are satisfied by the use of replication technologies such as micro compression moulding (μCM). A literature review that we conducted revealed that there is indeed little if any work explicitly related to the domain of micro compression moulding. In addition, a design methodology in micro manufacturing is still in its infancy and that there is a shortage of relevant DFX guidelines. Thus, this research aims at developing a framework for a computer-based tool whereby micro-product stakeholders are guided to select the correct mould features, material, machine and process parameters for fabricating components via micro compression moulding. The paper presents a framework developed to meet this goal. A proof-of-concept tool has also been implemented based on this framework. This tool was evaluated by typical case studies and also presented to a number of experts in the field. Preliminary evaluation results provide a degree of evidence that technology based on the framework contributes a step towards providing guidance for the design and manufacture of mould tools for fabricating μ-components by compression moulding. Another contribution of this paper is the preliminary fabrication platform using μCM. Future work is however required mainly to assess the economic feasibility of the fabrication platform, to address the limitations of the implemented tool, and to assess its effectiveness in practice.
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LAMBRINOS, NIKOS, and Efthimios-Spyridon Georgiou. "YEDI KULE - MONUMENT ROAD RACE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE 3D MAPPING ANIMATION OF THE OLD CITY OF THESSALONIKI, GREECE." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12046.
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This project refers to the construction of a 3D map of Thessaloniki’s historical route. The Yedi Kule Conquest – Monument Road Race took place in the old city of Thessaloniki, which was built during the Byzantine and Ottoman period. The purpose of this project is the digital recording of the castles, the monuments, the old churches, the traditional buildings, and the squares which are prime examples of the architectural beauty of the place. The methodology of the project is based on the online software Google Earth Studio and Adobe Premiere Pro. These are the tools of digitization, rendering, and building process of the animation. With this methodology, the authors achieved the documentation of land use and the architectural landscape. The animation is a credible graphic index of the historical background of Thessaloniki. The Yedi Kule area constitutes of a cultural mosaic made from different historic periods. The buildings and the neighbourhoods give the sense of transition of the narrow roads, the old Christian churches, the house of the first Turkish governor, and the byzantine castle to the modern city. In Thessaloniki, three historic periods coexist the Ancient Greek/Roman, the Byzantine, and Ottoman Empire. The responsibility of the governmental politics and of every citizen of Thessaloniki is to promote and preserve the historic background of the city. The final product offers a good opportunity for the digital storage of Thessaloniki’s old city. The animation creates an interactive environment that portrays the current image of the transition from the old to a modern city.