Journal articles on the topic 'Price fixing – Mathematical models'
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Upadhyaya, Yadav Mani. "Mathematical Analysis in Static Equilibrium of Economics: as Support to Microeconomics Course." Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v1i1.34618.
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Microeconomics studies the economic behavior of individual decision-makers. To be able to make sound decisions in economics, the economist has designed mathematical models based on the differentiation of simple functions. Economics and mathematics are directly related as changes in quantities and variables affect the relationship and the direction of the consumer behavior to become better –off or worse-off. The main objectives of this study are microeconomic theories that may simplify or easily understandable through the mathematical calculation to illustrate the examples and calculate the equilibrium positions numerically. The study also aims to provide mathematical tools that manage to determine all the information necessary for decision making from a broad vision. The relationship between quantity and price may be better explained through mathematical notations. The supply and demand curve is designed to find the equilibrium point and it is better explained through mathematical equations. To explain, the methodology is used for a simple mathematical function of price with the help of a simple linear and nonlinear model of static analysis of the market equilibrium of Qd=Qs. This study concludes that it will greatly help college students, professionals, entrepreneurs, and in general anyone presents solved exercise and proposes problems, for the student to solve cases create graphs, table, and interpret and analyze results in the market and thus fixing the knowledge.
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Leangarun, Teema, Poj Tangamchit, and Suttipong Thajchayapong. "Stock Price Manipulation Detection Based on Mathematical Models." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 7, no. 3 (June 2016): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2016.7.3.503.
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Spreen, Thomas H. "Price Endogenous Mathematical Programming Models and Trade Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 38, no. 2 (August 2006): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022276.
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Takayama and Judge introduced the price endogenous mathematical programming model as an alternative to the traditional econometric approach to sector-level policy analysis. McCarl and Spreen provided a review of price endogenous mathematical programming models. In that paper, they showed how price endogeneity can be introduced into a standard firm-level linear programming model. The introduction of price endogeneity allows expansion of the firm-level specification to a market-level analysis. At the time of publication of McCarl and Spreen, however, the application of price endogenous mathematical programming models was limited by the availability of software packages that could directly solve such models. The typical application used linear supply and/or demand relationships, which resulted in a quadratic programming (QP) specification. The advent of MINOS in the 1980s and then its incorporation into GAMS has lifted the computation constraint. In the present day, numerous price endogenous models have been developed. I can lay claim to six such models.
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McCarl, Bruce A. "A Note on Fixing Misbehaving Mathematical Programs: Post-Optimality Procedures and GAMS-Related Software." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 30, no. 2 (December 1998): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800008385.
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AbstractMathematical programming formulations can yield faulty answers. Models can be unbounded, infeasible, or optimal with unrealistic answers. This article presents techniques for theory-based discovery of the cause of faulty models. The approaches are demonstrated in the context of linear programming. They have been computerized and interfaced using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), and are distributed free of charge through new GAMS versions and an online web page.
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Tyshkevich, V. N., V. A. Nosenko, A. V. Sarazov, and S. V. Orlov. "ELASTIC DEFORMATIONS DURING FLAT GRINDING OF LOW-RIGIDITY PRISMATIC WORKPIECES." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 8(255) (August 31, 2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-8-255-42-46.
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The flat grinding of low-rigidity prismatic workpieces side surfaces is investigated. Mathematical models of the maximum elastic deformation of prismatic workpieces during fixing and machining have been developed. Contact deformations of the surfaces of the workpiece and the machine table are taken into account. An experimental verification of the developed models was carried out.
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Rodenberg, Ryan, and Elihu D. Feustel. "FORENSIC SPORTS ANALYTICS: DETECTING AND PREDICTING MATCH-FIXING IN TENNIS." Journal of Prediction Markets 8, no. 1 (June 17, 2014): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v8i1.866.
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Despite some degree of lingering friction between sports leagues and wagering, the eradication of corruption in sports is one issue in which the interests of sports governing bodies, reputable gambling businesses, entities affiliated with the sports industry, and law enforcement are allied. This paper aims to: (i) detect match-fixing corruption in tennis and (ii) predict such match-fixing before it occurs. We first compare proxy measures of effort in fair matches versus possibly unfair matches – matches played in the first round, where wagering-induced manipulation is more likely. The results show that players exert less effort (tanking) in the first round, even when adjusting for the slightly greater difference in skill level in such matches. We next determine whether the gambling markets were able to identify fixing, tanking, or other types of manipulation before the match was played. Using two predictive tennis models (ELO, Common-Opponent) to determine the fair trading price of a tennis match, we find prima facie evidence of the betting markets being affected, with an average of 23 matches per year likely being manipulated or outright fixed each year. Finally, we determine whether fixed matches can be identified before they are played using predictive modeling and by observing real-time market price changes. We conclude that when the betting price has a large irrational move away from the fair model-predicted price, the move is indicative of a fixed match before it is played.
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Hahn, Atle. "Chern-Simons models on , torus gauge fixing, and link invariants I." Journal of Geometry and Physics 53, no. 3 (March 2005): 275–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2004.07.001.
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Desaulniers, Guy, Timo Gschwind, and Stefan Irnich. "Variable Fixing for Two-Arc Sequences in Branch-Price-and-Cut Algorithms on Path-Based Models." Transportation Science 54, no. 5 (September 2020): 1170–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.0988.
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Variable fixing by reduced costs is a popular technique for accelerating the solution process of mixed-integer linear programs. For vehicle-routing problems solved by branch-price-and-cut algorithms, it is possible to fix to zero the variables associated with all routes containing at least one arc from a subset of arcs determined according to the dual solution of a linear relaxation. This is equivalent to removing these arcs from the network used to generate the routes. In this paper, we extend this technique to routes containing sequences of two arcs. Such sequences or their arcs cannot be removed directly from the network because routes traversing only one arc of a sequence might still be allowed. For some of the most common vehicle-routing problems, we show how this issue can be overcome by modifying the route-generation labeling algorithm in order to remove indirectly these sequences from the network. The proposed acceleration strategy is tested on benchmark instances of the vehicle-routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and four variants of the electric VRPTW. The computational results show that it yields a significant speedup, especially for the most difficult instances.
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FATIBENE, LORENZO, and MAURO FRANCAVIGLIA. "MATHEMATICAL EQUIVALENCE VERSUS PHYSICAL EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN EXTENDED THEORIES OF GRAVITATIONS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 01 (December 16, 2013): 1450008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021988781450008x.
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We shall show that although Palatini [Formula: see text]-theories are equivalent to Brans–Dicke theories, still the first pass the Mercury precession of perihelia test, while the second do not. We argue that the two models are not physically equivalent due to different assumptions about free fall. We shall also go through perihelia test without fixing a conformal gauge (clocks or rulers) in order to highlight what can be measured in a conformal invariant way and what cannot. We shall argue that the conformal gauge is broken by choosing a definition of clock, rulers or, equivalently, of masses.
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Bogdanovich, V. I., M. G. Giorbelidze, I. A. Dokukina, and N. V. Surkova. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN PLASMA COATINGS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PROCESS OF INCREASING LAYERS." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22, no. 6 (2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2020-22-6-14-20.
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Developed a mathematical model for determining residual stresses with increasing plasma coatings, taking into account the stresses arising upon cooling of the material from the final temperature to ambient temperature; tension that arises when removing the fastening devices and tension that existed in the substrate before spraying. The developed mathematical models are adapted for the most common cases of fixing the base used in the practice of coating. Experimental studies of residual stresses were carried out, which showed good convergence with the values of residual stresses obtained theoretically.
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Skaliukh, Alexander. "Models of inhomogeneous polarization of ferroelectrics and their practical application." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 10, no. 01n02 (February 2020): 2060015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x20600152.
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A three-dimensional mathematical model is proposed that describes the ferroelectric response of polycrystalline ferroelectrics to an electric field in the absence of mechanical stresses. It is based on the separation of the switching process into two related parts: the rotation of the spontaneous polarization vectors and the destruction of the domain wall fixing mechanisms. For each of the parts, the energy costs are calculated, which are the components of the energy balance in the real polarization process. The constitutive relations for the induced and residual components of the polarization vector of the representative volume are obtained. A number of numerical experiments were performed, which showed good agreement with the experimental data.
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Hahn, Atle. "Chern–Simons models on S2×S1, torus gauge fixing, and link invariants II." Journal of Geometry and Physics 58, no. 9 (September 2008): 1124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2008.03.013.
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El Hanafy, W., and G. G. L. Nashed. "Lorenz gauge fixing of f(T) teleparallel cosmology." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 14 (December 2017): 1750154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817501541.
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In teleparallel gravity, we apply Lorenz type gauge fixing to cope with redundant degrees of freedom in the vierbein field. This condition is mainly to restore the Lorentz symmetry of the teleparallel torsion scalar. In cosmological application, this technique provides standard cosmology, turnaround, bounce or [Formula: see text]CDM as separate scenarios. We reconstruct the [Formula: see text] gravity which generates these models. We study the stability of the solutions by analyzing the corresponding phase portraits. Also, we investigate Lorenz gauge in the unimodular coordinates, it leads to unify a nonsingular bounce and Standard Model cosmology in a single model, where crossing the phantom divide line is achievable through a finite-time singularity of Type IV associated with a de Sitter fixed point. We reconstruct the unimodular [Formula: see text] gravity which generates the unified cosmic evolution showing the role of the torsion gravity to establish a healthy bounce scenario.
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Harker, P. T. "Dispersed Spatial Price Equilibrium." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 20, no. 3 (March 1988): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200353.
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The concept of a spatial price equilibrium has dominated the network-based models of spatial competition ever since Samuelson's (1952) formulation of this concept as a mathematical program. In practice, however, this model has often been a poor predictor of interregional flows and regional commodity prices. In this paper an extension of the spatial price equilibrium model is presented, in which attempts are made to overcome the poor predictive capabilities of this model by imbedding it within a gravity model representation of interregional flows. After the conceptual framework of this model is stated, a variational inequality formulation is presented and this formulation is then used to derive a convex mathematical programming statement of this model. Solution algorithms and sensitivity analysis of the equilibrium solution are discussed, and in the conclusion to the paper a discussion of the extensions of this model are presented which incorporate multiple commodities and imperfect competition in the regional commodity markets.
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Cheng, Jing. "Mathematical Models and Data Analysis of Residential Land Leasing Behavior of District Governments of Beijing in China." Mathematics 9, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9182314.
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To analyze the leasing behavior of residential land in Beijing, the mathematical models of the price and the total area of the leased residential land are presented. The variables of the mathematical models are proposed by analyzing the factors influencing the district government’s leasing behavior for residential land based on the leasing right for residential land in Beijing, China. The regression formulae of the mathematical models are obtained with the ordinary least squares method. By introducing the data of the districts in Beijing from 2004 to 2015 into the mathematical models, the numerical results of the coefficients in the mathematical models are obtained by solving the equations of the regression formulae. After discussing the numerical results of the influencing factors, the district government behavior for leasing residential land in Beijing, China, is investigated. The numerical results show the factors concerning the government and how these factors influence the leased price and the total leased area of residential land for this large city in China. Finally, policy implications for the district government regarding residential land leasing in Beijing are proposed.
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LIPPERT, THOMAS, KLAUS SCHILLING, PEER UEBERHOLZ, and GYAN BHANOT. "WEIGHT RATIO FIXING AT FIRST ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 03, no. 05 (October 1992): 1109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183192000737.
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The presence of strong metastabilities in computer simulations of models showing a first order phase transition hinders a reliable determination of the weight ratio between the two phases. We discuss a new phenomenological method which allows an accurate fixing of the weight ratio using the standard multihistogram procedure.
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Velleret, Aurélien. "Individual-based models under various time-scales." ESAIM: Proceedings and Surveys 68 (2020): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/proc/202068007.
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This article is a presentation of specific recent results describing scaling limits of individual- based models. Thanks to them, we wish to relate the time-scales typical of demographic dynamics and natural selection to the parameters of the individual-based models. Although these results are by no means exhaustive, both on the mathematical and the biological level, they complement each other. Indeed, they provide a viewpoint for many classical time-scales. Namely, they encompass the timescale typical of the life-expectancy of a single individual, the longer one wherein a population can be characterized through its demographic dynamics, and at least four interconnected ones wherein selection occurs. The limiting behavior is generally deterministic. Yet, since there are selective effects on randomness in the history of lineages, probability theory is shown to be a key factor in understanding the results. Besides, randomness can be maintained in the limiting dynamics, for instance to model rare mutations fixing in the population.
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ALBEVERIO, S., A. HAHN, and A. N. SENGUPTA. "CHERN–SIMONS THEORY, HIDA DISTRIBUTIONS, AND STATE MODELS." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 06, supp01 (September 2003): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025703001237.
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In this paper we present the central ideas and results of a rigorous theory of the Chern–Simons functional integral. In particular, we show that it is possible to define the Wilson loop observables (WLOs) for pure Chern–Simons models with base manifold M = ℝ3 rigorously as infinite dimensional oscillatory integrals by exploiting an "axial gauge fixing" and applying certain regularization techniques like "loop-smearing" and "framing". The (values of the) WLOs can be computed explicitly. If the structure group G of the model is Abelian one obtains well-known linking number expressions for the WLOs. If G is Non-Abelian one obtains expressions which are similar but not identical to the state model representations for the Homfly and Kauffman polynomials given in [19, 21, 31].
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Ustyugov, Nikita V., and Oleg M. Protalinsky. "Optimizing the Price Category of Electric Power Consumption by an Industrial Enterprise." Vestnik MEI 5, no. 5 (2020): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2020-5-121-125.
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The purpose of the study is to construct mathematical models of electric energy and power consumption for six price categories in an organizational and technical system and to develop an algorithm based on these models that will enable the consumer to select the most profitable cost of electricity. The system, which was regarded as an integral complex of interacting objects, was analyzed from the viewpoint of a systematic approach. Scientific data were analyzed proceeding from the principles of system consistency, structuring, integrity, hierarchy and multiplicity. A structural-and-functional approach, based on which elements (subsystems), and relationships between them can be considered within a single organizational and technical system, was used as the research method. The current state was studied; the consumption of electricity by an organizational and technical system was predicted based on the source data; the mathematical models of electric energy and power were constructed for six price categories, and a price category selection algorithm was developed, using which the most financially profitable price category can be found. An independent experimental verification of the price category selection algorithm was carried out, which has shown that owing to its application, the cost item “payment of consumed electric energy” for the facility has decreased by 9%. The experiment has shown that the developed mathematical models can be applied in practice, and that the use of the electric energy price category selection algorithm allows economic gains to be obtained. The accomplished study has yielded results based on which the consumers located in the Russian Federation territory can select the most financially profitable price category and cost of electric energy.
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Yarygina, I. Z., V. B. Gisin, and B. A. Putko. "Fractal Asset Pricing Models for Financial Risk Management." Finance: Theory and Practice 23, no. 6 (December 24, 2019): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-6-117-130.
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The article presents the analysis findings of the problems and prospects of using the fractal markets theory to mathematically predict the price dynamics of assets as part of a financial risk management strategy. The aim of the article is to find out the features of value of bank assets and to develop recommendations for assessing financial risks based on mathematical methods for forecasting economic processes. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used to achieve the aim. The article reveals the features of mathematical modeling of economic processes related to asset pricing in a volatile market. It was proved that using financial mathematics in banking contributes to the stable development of the economy. Mathematical modeling of the price dynamics of financial assets is based on a substantive hypothesis and supported by an adequate apparatus of fractal pair pricing models in order to reveal specific market relations of business entities. According to the authors, the prospects of using forecast models to minimize the financial risks of derivative financial instruments are positive. The authors concluded that the considered methods contribute to managing financial risks and improving forecasts, including operations with derivatives. Besides, the studied fractal volatility parameters proved the predictive power regarding extreme events in financial markets, such as the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers investment bank in 2008. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the favorable investment climate and the use of modern financing methods largely depend on the effective financial risk management.
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Ding, Qiuhua, and Shixin Zhang. "Research on Pricing Models and Strategies of Online Group-Buying." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101027.
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In recent years, the Online Group-Buying has entered a state of development in full swing. The particularity of the OGB platform compared with the traditional market determines that its marketing and price setting model must be different from the traditional market. Based on the summary of domestic and foreign scholars’ literature on the pricing and strategy research of group buying business models, this article analyzes various factors affecting group buying prices. Under various assumptions, parameters and variables, through mathematical calculation and analysis, the optimal price and maximum profit for the healthy development of the enterprise are obtained, and how the merchants on the group buying website should adopt corresponding price-setting strategies and profit models to made some suggestions.
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Lehtonen, Jussi. "The Price equation and the unity of social evolution theory." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1797 (March 9, 2020): 20190362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0362.
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The Price equation has been entangled with social evolution theory from the start. It has been used to derive the most general versions of kin selection theory, and Price himself produced a multilevel equation that provides an alternative formulation of social evolution theory, dividing selection into components between and within groups. In this sense, the Price equation forms a basis for both kin and group selection, so often pitted against each other in the literature. Contextual analysis and the neighbour approach are prominent alternatives for analysing group selection. I discuss these four approaches to social evolution theory and their connections to the Price equation, focusing on their similarities and common mathematical structure. Despite different notations and modelling traditions, all four approaches are ultimately linked by a common set of mathematical components, revealing their underlying unity in a transparent way. The Price equation can similarly be used in the derivation of streamlined, weak selection social evolution modelling methods. These weak selection models are practical and powerful methods for constructing models in evolutionary and behavioural ecology; they can clarify the causal structure of models, and can be easily converted between the four social evolution approaches just like their regression counterparts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of the Price equation’.
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Bäckman, Stefan T., S. Vermeulen, and V. M. Taavitsainen. "Long-term fertilizer field trials: comparison of three mathematical response models." Agricultural and Food Science 6, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72778.
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Accession to the European Union caused a drop of nearly 60 per cent from 1994 to 1995 in prices of wheat, barley and oats in Finland. The economic use of fertilizer therefore decreased accordingly. To calculate the effect of the price changes on the economic optima, the physical production function must be known. Three physical production functions, the quadratic, the linear response and plateau (LRP) and the exponential function were estimated for this purpose. The models differed little in respect of the R2adj value (0.82-0.90) but the calculated optimum varied, depending on the production function. Data on a long-term field trial (21 years) were analysed. The field trial was established in 1973 to demonstrate the effect of mineral fertilizer in crop production. The crops grown in the trial were barley, wheat and oats. Different varieties were included in the models.
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Zhang, Xin, and Qin Zhen Huang. "The Study on Tiered Tap Electricity Price Based on the Price Packet Service." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 2036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.2036.
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Under the condition of global energy crisis and environmental degradation, the electric power industry which supports the development of economics and society is facing the unprecedented challenges and opportunities. There is no doubt that we should save energy and decrease the emission. A method to study the tiered tap electricity based on the price packet service is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the analysis of tiered tap electricity price without any constraints .is introduced. Then, we set a mathematical model combining the research on the tiered tap electricity with the price packet service of communication industry. In this part, we set some proper parameters in order to set the mechanism of price packet service . Finally, we give an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the models built in this paper.
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Cheng, Jing. "Data Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Industrial Land Leasing in Shanghai Based on Mathematical Models." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (April 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9346863.
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By analyzing the background of land leasing in Shanghai, the hypotheses of the mathematical models of industrial land leasing in Shanghai are proposed, and then, the mathematical models of the land price and land area are presented for analyzing the factors of industrial land leasing. Based on the mathematical models and the district data of Shanghai from 2007 to 2015, the factors influencing industrial land leasing by the district government are studied. It is shown that the influencing factors, such as the land area, GDP, tenure of district mayor, and the distance between the land and the nearest subway station, affect the government behavior on industrial land leasing.
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Chang, Chun-Tao, Yi-Ju Chen, Tzong-Ru Tsai, and Wu Shuo-Jye. "Inventory models with stock- and price-dependent demand for deteriorating items based on limited shelf space." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 20, no. 1 (2010): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor1001055c.
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This paper deals with the problem of determining the optimal selling price and order quantity simultaneously under EOQ model for deteriorating items. It is assumed that the demand rate depends not only on the on-display stock level but also the selling price per unit, as well as the amount of shelf/display space is limited. We formulate two types of mathematical models to manifest the extended EOQ models for maximizing profits and derive the algorithms to find the optimal solution. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the models developed and sensitivity analysis is reported.
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Chakraborty, Nn Sagarika, and Tn Soumya Banerjee. "KRISIS KEUANGAN DI DUNIA BERKEMBANG - PASCA “BENCANA PENGGELEMBUNGAN HARGA ASET” AS - JALAN BARU KE DEPAN." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 12, no. 1 (April 16, 2010): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v12i1.348.
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This paper analyze how we should respond to possible asset price bubbles, especially in view of the various conceptual frameworks proposed based on a core set of scientific principles for monetary policy. Further, efforts have also been made at my end to establish as to how Monetary policy should not react to asset price bubbles per se, but rather to changes in the outlook for inflation and aggregate demand resulting from asset price movements. However, regulatory policies and supervisory practices should respond to possible asset price bubbles and help prevent feedback loops between asset price bubbles and credit provision, thereby minimizing the damaging effects of bubbles on the economy.The general massage of this paper is that credit conditions influence economies enormously and emergecy steps to restructure balance sheets through policy revamping are crucial for fixing problems of excessive leverage. This stands in sharp contrast to the view from conventional models - that ‘the effects of a worsening of financial intermediation are likely to be limited’and can be handled by interest rate cuts alone.In the alternative regulatory policy approach, we have strived to examine three possible regulatory responses to managing bubbles: portfolio restrictions; adjustments in capital requirements; and adjustments in provisioning requirements.Keywords: financial crisis, asset price bubble.JEL Classification: E58, E63, G15
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Chakraborty, Ms Sagarika, and Mr Soumya Banerjee. "FINANCIAL CRISIS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD - POST THE US "ASSET PRICE BUBBLE DEBACLE" - A NEW WAY FORWARD." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 12, no. 1 (April 16, 2010): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v12i1.465.
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This paper analyze how we should respond to possible asset price bubbles, especially in view of the various conceptual frameworks proposed based on a core set of scientific principles for monetary policy. Further, efforts have also been made at my end to establish as to how Monetary policy should not react to asset price bubbles per se, but rather to changes in the outlook for inflation and aggregate demand resulting from asset price movements. However, regulatory policies and supervisory practices should respond to possible asset price bubbles and help prevent feedback loops between asset price bubbles and credit provision, thereby minimizing the damaging effects of bubbles on the economy.The general massage of this paper is that credit conditions influence economies enormously and emergency steps to restructure balance sheets through policy revamping are crucial for fixing problems of excessive leverage. This stands in sharp contrast to the view from conventional models - that 'the effects of a worsening of financial intermediation are likely to be limited' and can be handled by interest rate cuts alone.In the alternative regulatory policy approach, we have strived to examine three possible regulatory responses to managing bubbles: portfolio restrictions; adjustments in capital requirements; and adjustments in provisioning requirements.JEL Classification: E58, E63, G15Keywords:financial crisis, asset price bubble.
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Raza, Syed Asif. "The impact of differentiation price and demand leakage on a firm’s profitability." Journal of Modelling in Management 10, no. 3 (November 16, 2015): 270–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-07-2013-0035.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of differentiation price which has been utilized to segment demand, but results in imperfect segmentation. The use of a differentiation price is among the most widely used Revenue Management (RM) techniques to segment a firm’s demand to augment profitability. Design/methodology/approach – Mathematical models are developed for a firm’s RM which use a differentiation price to categorize its market demand into two segments. Three distinct demand situations are considered: price-dependent deterministic demand, price-dependent stochastic demand whose distribution is known and price-dependent stochastic demand whose distribution is unknown. Models are analyzed to determine optimal joint control of a firm’s pricing and inventory decisions for each market segment. Findings – The analysis of the firm’s RM model has shown that revenue is jointly concave in pricing and order quantity. In most demand situations, closed-form mathematical expressions for optimal pricing and inventory are obtained. Research limitations/implications – In RM models developed in this paper, a firm only selects a differentiation price. Thus, an optimal selection of the differentiation price along with the pricing and inventory decisions may lead to an additional profitability which has not been explored in this research. Practical implications – The findings reported are relevant to RM managers and practitioners and help them to calibrate their optimal revenues by segmenting markets using a differentiation price. Social implications – This paper provides a quantitative perspective of a firm’s decision on the use of the differentiation price and the market response. Originality/value – The paper provides a firm’s optimal decision on pricing and inventory when it experiences demand leakage due to categorizing its market demand into two segments using a differentiation price.
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Kurniawan, Bobby. "Mathematical Models of Energy-Conscious Bi-Objective Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling." Jurnal Teknik Industri 21, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol21.no2.115-125.
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The industrialization has led to the prosperity of human life. However, it causes the side effect that harms the environment. Moreover, the source of energy used to drive the industrialization comes from non-renewable resources that can be extinct. As the extensive energy user, the manufacturing sector can use energy efficiently by scheduling and planning. A scheduling system that incorporates environmental and the energy consumption is one of the initiatives to reduce energy consumption and reduce environmental effects. Therefore, this study addresses bi-objective unrelated parallel machine scheduling to minimize the total tardiness and energy consumption. The energy consumption follows the Time-Of-Use (TOU) tariffs price scheme. The problem is formulated as two mixed-integer programming (MIP) models, using the time-indexed and disjunctive formulation, and solved using the weighted sum method. We perform complexity and computational analysis to evaluate the performance of models. Numerical experiments show that the time-indexed formulation is more efficient than the disjunctive formulation. The results provide useful insights for decision-makers in the manufacturing sectors to be energy-conscious without neglecting the production efficiency.
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Апсалямова, Saida Apsalyamova, Хачемизов, and Anzor Khachemizov. "Dynamic models predict gains in forest products in the manufacture." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 2 (September 24, 2015): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11998.
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The article considers the issues in rapidly changing situations in the market, making a profit in the sale of forest products, with certain factors, which, price hikes for energy, raw materials, wage increases in the public sector pre-acceptance, require prompt, effective solution of a number of tasks in financial and economic activity of the enterprises with the use of economic and mathematical models of the dynamics of financial and economic indicators.
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Arias Barragán, Luis Alejandro, Edwin Rivas Trujillo, and Francisco Santamaria. "Agente Integrador de Recursos Energéticos Distribuidos como Oferente de Energía en el Nivel de Distribución." Ingeniería 22, no. 3 (September 12, 2017): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/23448393.10986.
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Context: It has been observed the incipient development of the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in electricity markets at the distribution level.Method: DER participation by an integrator agent is proposed. The integrator agent allows DER to participate as suppliers of energy to the network operator and / or the energy market at the distri-bution level. Sequence diagrams and mathematical formulas were proposed, for fixing the price of energy by relying on a case study.Results: The results show the feasibility of the integrator agent to participate as a supplier of elec-tricity to the distribution network.Conclusions: Applications using cloud computing allow users to access information on the DER agent resources in general and to the state of the network demands. Pricing schemes proposed al-low DER participation through the integrating agent as a supplier of energy.
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Raza, Syed Asif, and Mohd Nishat Faisal. "Inventory models for joint pricing and greening effort decisions with discounts." Journal of Modelling in Management 13, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 2–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-07-2016-0060.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop efficient decision support tools for a firm’s environment protection by using greening effort while yet improving profitability by utilizing pricing and inventory decisions with discount consideration. Design/methodology/approach This study proposed a mathematical model for price- and greening effort-dependent demand rate with discount considerations. Later, the mathematical model is extended to the situation in which the demand rate is also dependent on the stock level, in addition to the price and greening effort. Efficient solution methodologies are developed for finding the optimal solution to the proposed models. Findings Simple yet elegant models are proposed to mimic real-life applications. Structural properties of the models are explored to outline efficient algorithms with quantity discounts. Research limitations/implications The paper considers monopoly and assumes deterministic demand. Only a more commonly observed all-units discount scheme is studied. Practical implications The models provide decision support tools for firms in pursuit of joint profit maximization and environment consciousness goals. Social implications The study develops environment-friendly approaches for inventory management and improving the profitability alike. Originality/value This study is among the first to consider environmental protection with an investment in greening effort along with inventory management and pricing decision. The study also explored the effect of all-unit quantity discounts.
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Lapshina, M. L., O. O. Lukina, and D. D. Lapshin. "Using mathematical models in a disequilibrium economy with offsetting demand." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-369-379.
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When modeling a nonequilibrium economy, the behavior of participants is described by the same optimization problems, including the criterion and internal technological and budgetary constraints, as in the theory of Walrasian equilibrium. They are only supplemented by external restrictions on the purchase (or sale) of scarce (slow-moving) products. Various principles are known for establishing these boundaries. They can be fixed (a rigid scheme of rationing) and not depend directly on the decisions of the participant, or be determined by the demand expressed by them (flexible scheme). The presented demand for rationable products, as a rule, does not coincide with the Walrasian one. We will call it an order. In well-known models, the order is considered equal to active demand. The concept of active demand has been successfully used in price control models. However, it is not the object of the choice of participants aimed at optimizing their criteria. Meanwhile, it seems natural that manufacturers and consumers, seeking to maximize utility, are free to choose order sizes at their own discretion. Modeling of the situation arising with this approach is the goal of the present work and is based on a modification of the rationing scheme proposed by J.P. Benassi The work also considers equilibrium models at fixed prices, in which participants, when forming demand, take into account the scarcity of products and the level of satisfaction of orders. Models are used to assess the impact of taxes, government spending, and other macro-regulators on employment and national income. The paper provides an overview of literary sources in the subject area, as well as an economic interpretation of the results.
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BAAQUIE, BELAL E. "A COMMON MARKET MEASURE FOR LIBOR AND PRICING CAPS, FLOORS AND SWAPS IN A FIELD THEORY OF FORWARD INTEREST RATES." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 08, no. 08 (December 2005): 999–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024905003347.
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The main result of this paper is that a martingale evolution can be chosen for LIBOR such that, by appropriately fixing the drift, all LIBOR interest rates have a common market measure. LIBOR is described using a quantum field theory model, and a common measure is seen to emerge naturally for such models. To elaborate how the martingale for the LIBOR belongs to the general class of numeraires for the forward interest rates, two other numeraires are considered, namely the money market measure that makes the evolution of the zero coupon bonds a martingale, and the forward measure for which the forward bond price is a martingale. The price of an interest rate cap is computed for all three numeraires, and is shown to be numeraire invariant. Put-call parity is discussed in some detail and shown to emerge due to some nontrivial properties of the numeraires. Some properties of swaps, and their relation to caps and floors, are briefly discussed.
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Nguyen, Nhu-Ty, and Thanh-Tuyen Tran. "Mathematical Development and Evaluation of Forecasting Models for Accuracy of Inflation in Developing Countries: A Case of Vietnam." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/858157.
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Inflation is a key element of a national economy, and it is also a prominent and important issue influencing the whole economy in terms of marketing. This is a complex problem requiring a large investment of time and wisdom to attain positive results. Thus, appropriate tools for forecasting inflation variables are crucial significant for policy making. In this study, both clarified value calculation and use of a genetic algorithm to find the optimal parameters are adopted simultaneously to construct improved models: ARIMA, GM(1,1), Verhulst, DGM(1,1), and DGM(2,1) by using data of Vietnamese inflation output from January 2005 to November 2013. The MAPE, MSE, RMSE, and MAD are four criteria with which the various forecasting models results are compared. Moreover, to see whether differences exist, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests are applied. Both in-sample and out-of-sample forecast performance results show that the ARIMA model has highly accurate forecasting in Raw Materials Price (RMP) and Gold Price (GP), whereas, the calculated results of GM(1,1) and DGM(1,1) are suitable to forecast Consumer Price Index (CPI). Therefore, the ARIMA, GM(1,1), and DGM(1,1) can handle the forecast accuracy of the issue, and they are suitable in modeling and forecasting of inflation in the case of Vietnam.
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Capozziello, Salvatore, Orlando Luongo, and Mariacristina Paolella. "Bounding f(R) gravity by particle production rate." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 04 (March 10, 2016): 1630010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181630010x.
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Several models of [Formula: see text] gravity have been proposed in order to address the dark side problem in cosmology. However, these models should be constrained also at ultraviolet scales in order to achieve some correct fundamental interpretation. Here, we analyze this possibility comparing quantum vacuum states in given [Formula: see text] cosmological backgrounds. Specifically, we compare the Bogolubov transformations associated to different vacuum states for some [Formula: see text] models. The procedure consists in fixing the [Formula: see text] free parameters by requiring that the Bogolubov coefficients can be correspondingly minimized to be in agreement with both high redshift observations and quantum field theory predictions. In such a way, the particle production is related to the value of the Hubble parameter and then to the given [Formula: see text] model. The approach is developed in both metric and Palatini formalism.
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Vasylieva, Natalia, and John R. Kruse. "Models on providing food security: case of Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.28.
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Providing food security is a top issue of agricultural economics in a global scale. Although Ukraine helps other countries become more food secure through its exports of wheat, corn, barley, and sunflower, low per capita income levels create challenges for Ukrainians to keep their diet nutrition balance in animal food basket. The research objective supposed applying mathematical apparatus to support solving this problem. The offered consumption optimization model has been developed to ensure inelastic customers’ food preferences by animal products subject to income and calories constraints. The proposed econometric models have been designed to project broiler, pork, eggs, milk, and beef productions. Complex implementation of the set mathematical models maintained the tool to analyze scenarios by expected export/import and demands for grain and oilseed crops used for feed in animal husbandry. The results of this research provide state authorities, livestock and poultry producers, Ukrainian consumers and other interested parties with management guidance focused on developing animal husbandry in the presence of income, as well as animal product price variability.
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Melo, Brício de, Armando Zeferino Milioni, and Cairo Lucio Nascimento Júnior. "Daily and monthly sugar price forecasting using the mixture of local expert models." Pesquisa Operacional 27, no. 2 (August 2007): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-74382007000200003.
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This article concerns the application of the Mixture of Local Expert Models (MLEM) to predict the daily and monthly price of the Sugar No. 14 contract in the New York Board of Trade. This technique can be seen as a forecasting method that performs data exploratory analysis and mathematical modeling simultaneously. Given a set of data points, the basic idea is as follows: 1) a Kohonen Neural Network is used to divide the data into clusters of points, 2) several modeling techniques are then used to construct competing models for each cluster, 3) the best model for each cluster is then selected and called the Local Expert Model. Finally, a so-called Gating Network combines the outputs of all Local Expert Models. For comparison purposes, the same modeling techniques are also evaluated when acting as Global Experts, i. e., when the technique uses the entire data set without any clustering.
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Volkovas, Vitalijus. "The Concept of Buildings Stability Monitoring and Damage Diagnostics." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.238.
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The concept of the buildings stability, based on experimental methodology consists of objective monitoring of the parameters defined by modelling and control using hardware tools, i.e. systems monitoring and diagnostics, which allows generating appropriate response to emerging defects, their fixing and prognosis of their location. In the framework of the problem of buildings stability the complex research was done in which mathematical models of buildings construction were created, defects identification method developed and also monitoring concept was composed according which automated monitoring system and software prototypes and structures were implemented. The strategic aim of the development of buildings monitoring system was realized by mathematical and physical modelling of the damages (e.g. defects like crack or destroy of linkage); analysis of characteristics sensitive to defects; selection of stability parameters and measurements; creation of automated system prototype; investigation of the methods applied for the monitoring system and diagnostics; development of software and separate elements of the system and approbation of the whole complex. Thorough evaluation of the technical state of the buildings numerical is executed using physical models and natural objects which support reliable state identification of the building and also helps to track changes.
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Miao, Jie, and Xu Yang. "Pricing Model for Convertible Bonds: A Mixed Fractional Brownian Motion with Jumps." East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics 5, no. 3 (August 2015): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/eajam.221214.240415a.
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AbstractA mathematical model to price convertible bonds involving mixed fractional Brownian motion with jumps is presented. We obtain a general pricing formula using the risk neutral pricing principle and quasi-conditional expectation. The sensitivity of the price to changing various parameters is discussed. Theoretical prices from our jump mixed fractional Brownian motion model are compared with the prices predicted by traditional models. An empirical study shows that our new model is more acceptable.
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Jaggi, Mukul, Priyanka Mandal, Shreya Narang, Usman Naseem, and Matloob Khushi. "Text Mining of Stocktwits Data for Predicting Stock Prices." Applied System Innovation 4, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4010013.
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Stock price prediction can be made more efficient by considering the price fluctuations and understanding people’s sentiments. A limited number of models understand financial jargon or have labelled datasets concerning stock price change. To overcome this challenge, we introduced FinALBERT, an ALBERT based model trained to handle financial domain text classification tasks by labelling Stocktwits text data based on stock price change. We collected Stocktwits data for over ten years for 25 different companies, including the major five FAANG (Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Google). These datasets were labelled with three labelling techniques based on stock price changes. Our proposed model FinALBERT is fine-tuned with these labels to achieve optimal results. We experimented with the labelled dataset by training it on traditional machine learning, BERT, and FinBERT models, which helped us understand how these labels behaved with different model architectures. Our labelling method’s competitive advantage is that it can help analyse the historical data effectively, and the mathematical function can be easily customised to predict stock movement.
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Moradi, Nasrollah, Bo Liu, Morten Iversen, Marcel M. Kuypers, Helle Ploug, and Arzhang Khalili. "A new mathematical model to explore microbial processes and their constraints in phytoplankton colonies and sinking marine aggregates." Science Advances 4, no. 10 (October 2018): eaat1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat1991.
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N2-fixing colonies of cyanobacteria and aggregates of phytoplankton and detritus sinking hundreds of meters per day are instrumental for the ocean’s sequestration of CO2from the atmosphere. Understanding of small-scale microbial processes associated with phytoplankton colonies and aggregates is therefore crucial for understanding large-scale biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Phytoplankton colonies and sinking aggregates are characterized by steep concentration gradients of gases and nutrients in their interior. Here, we present a mechanistic mathematical model designed to perform modeling of small-scale fluxes and evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological constraints of processes that co-occur in phytoplankton colonies and sinking porous aggregates. The model accurately reproduced empirical measurements of O2concentrations and fluxes measured in sinking aggregates. Common theoretical assumptions of either constant concentration or constant flux over the entire surface did not apply to sinking aggregates. Consequently, previous theoretical models overestimate O2flux in these aggregates by as high as 15-fold.
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Wong, Bernard, and C. C. Heyde. "On changes of measure in stochastic volatility models." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 2006 (December 6, 2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jamsa/2006/18130.
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Pricing in mathematical finance often involves taking expected values under different equivalent measures. Fundamentally, one needs to first ensure the existence of ELMM, which in turn requires that the stochastic exponential of the market price of risk process be a true martingale. In general, however, this condition can be hard to validate, especially in stochastic volatility models. This had led many researchers to “assume the condition away,” even though the condition is not innocuous, and nonsensical results can occur if it is in fact not satisfied. We provide an applicable theorem to check the conditions for a general class of Markovian stochastic volatility models. As an example we will also provide a detailed analysis of the Stein and Stein and Heston stochastic volatility models.
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Do, Thi Hiep, and Hoffmann Clemens. "Innovation of price adjustment mechanisms to support investment in solar power in Germany." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186402007.
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It has been widely agreed that to incentivize renewables integration into the power system, not only pricing mechanisms, but price adjustment mechanisms have played a vital role, and it has been true for the German Energiewende. This study is to carry out a detailed analysis of investment results influenced by innovative price adjustment mechanisms from an auto degression rate to a feedback system. Employing linear regression models for the historical data of investment in small-scale rooftop PV projects in Germany, we have found out a better correlation between PV system price and feed-in tariff (92.09%) under quarter feedback and monthly adjustment mechanism compared to an annual feedback system. However, the underinvestment in recent years reveals that a feedback mechanism without specific mathematical shapes was not effective enough in term of meeting the targeted volume. Therefore, further researches are to design mathematical images of feedback mechanism in order to find out the trajectory of electricity price in the future which at the same time satisfies the target of investment and economic effectiveness.
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Yeh, Shih-Kuo, and Bing-Huei Lin. "Term Structure Fitting Models and Information Content: An Empirical Examination in Taiwanese Government Bond Market." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 06, no. 03 (September 2003): 305–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091503001110.
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In this study, we apply empirical methodologies, which are essentially curve fitting techniques, and use cross-sectional bond price data to estimate and analyze the Taiwanese government bond (TGB) term structure of interest rates. We choose two economic models: the Vasicek model and the CIR model, and one mathematical model: the B-spline approximation function, as the discount bond function to extract the term structure from market coupon bond prices. To assess the fitting performances and investigate the economic information content of the term structure fitting models, we compare the estimation errors and examine whether trading mis-priced bonds according the fitting model, can provide excess returns. The hypothesis is that the mathematical model can fit the term structure better than the economic models. But the economic models, which contain economic information, are able to explain the term structure dynamics. Thus the economic models can perform better in identifying mis-priced bonds and in predicting excess trading returns, than the mathematical model. Using the methodologies in this study, we can investigate the term structure fitting problems and look at the economic information content of the term structure fitting models.
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Kalczynski, Pawel, and Dawit Zerom. "Price forecast valuation for the NYISO electricity market." Kybernetes 44, no. 4 (April 7, 2015): 490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-08-2014-0174.
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Purpose – Following the deregulation of electricity markets in the USA, independent power producers operate as for-profit entities. Their profit depends on the price of electricity and an accurate forecast is critical in making bidding decisions on the electricity and reserve markets or engaging in bilateral contracts. Competing price forecasts have their accuracy expressed in statistical terms but producers need to determine the long-term value of using a given forecast. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue by presenting a method of electricity price forecast valuation which compares forecast models using financial rather than statistical measures. Design/methodology/approach – The objectives of this paper are achieved by mathematical modeling of thermal power plants and price forecast information available to market participants and simulating the operation of a thermal power plant using various price forecasts and perfect information (as a baseline). The operating profit calculated over a long period was used for ranking forecast models. Findings – The framework can be used to estimate the value of a new price forecast as well as to determine if potential gains from developing or acquiring a new forecast will justify the expenses. The results show that an improvement in terms of statistical forecast accuracy measures does not guarantee increased profit. Practical implications – This paper presents a new method for comparing electricity price forecast models. It can be adapted to various types of thermal power plants that operate on liberalized electricity markets and utilize price-based dynamic economic dispatch models. Originality/value – This paper presents a simulation-based valuation framework for short-term electricity price. The approach described in this paper can be utilized by independent power producers for different types of generators, operating on deregulated electricity markets.
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Plebankiewicz, Edyta. "MODELLING DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES IN BIDDING PROCEDURES WITH THE USE OF THE FUZZY SETS THEORY." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 18, no. 3 (September 18, 2014): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2014.943332.
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In the bidding procedure not only the contractor but also the construction owner make a number of vital decisions, the consequences of which are significant. The contractor has to decide whether to take part in a given bid and, having been accepted, he/she has to prepare a bidding offer. Its essential element is the mark-up introduced to the calculation of the bidding price. On the other hand, the investing construction owner has to decide which contractors are the closest to his/her requirements. The article presents mathematical models concerning the decisions made by the contractor and construction owner in the bidding procedure. All the models are based on the same simple mathematical apparatus using fuzzy sets.
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Wu, Qin, Zhi Yuan Rui, and Jian Jun Yang. "The Stiffness Analysis and Modeling Simulation of Ball Screw Feed System." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2914.
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The computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool was investigated and the dynamics model for the servo feed system was established. Based on the fixing constraint of the ball screw, the mathematical models of axial stiffness and torsion stiffness are constructed. According to the effects of stiffness on the dynamic performance, the simulation model for CNC machine tool feed system with stiffness considered was set up by the dynamic simulation tool Simulink, and a curve representing the performance of the system was obtained. To reduce the effect of stiffness on the system, the feedforward control strategy is used for stiffness compensation. The simulation results show that the stability and response performances of the system are improved and the steady-state error of the system is reduced by the control strategy.
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Astrakhantseva, Irina, Anna Kutuzova, and Roman Astrakhantsev. "Artificial Neural Networks in Inflation Forecasting at the Meso-Level." SHS Web of Conferences 93 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219302005.
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The aim of the article is to analyze inflation factors and their influence on the consumer price index in the regions. The article discusses the existing mathematical models for the forecasting of the regional inflation rate as an important national measure. Advantages, disadvantages and application fields of these models are presented. The appropriateness of recurrent neural network use for regional inflation forecasting is demonstrated. The article describes the process of neural network architecture creation, its training, inflation parameter forecasting.