Relevant bibliographies by topics / Price

Academic literature on the topic 'Price'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Price"

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Huang, Shaojia, Yisen Zhu, Jingde Huang, Enguang Zhang, and Tao Xu. "Analysis of Circular Price Prediction Strategy for Used Electric Vehicles." Sustainability 16, no. 13 (July 5, 2024): 5761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135761.

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As the car price war has intensified in China from 2023, the continuous decline in prices of new cars for both conventional fuel vehicles and electric vehicles (EVs) has led to a sharp decline in used cars. In particular, the EV market appears more vulnerable as the prime cost of battery raw materials has decreased since January 2023. And thus, a second-hand EV price prediction system is urgent. This study compares several methods for used EVs in China. We find that the random forest method and the gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) method have good effects on predicting used EV prices in respecting price ranges. Timed EV data capture is applied to guarantee the real-time property of our prediction system. Then, we propose the concept of circular pricing, which means that the obsolete data for the priced car will be repriced according to the latest data. In this way, such a system can guide the used car dealers to adjust the price in time.
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Barsky, Robert B., Christopher L. House, and Miles S. Kimball. "Sticky-Price Models and Durable Goods." American Economic Review 97, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 984–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.3.984.

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The inclusion of a durable goods sector in sticky-price models has strong and unexpected implications. Even if most prices are flexible, a small durable goods sector with sticky prices may be sufficient to make aggregate output react to monetary policy as though most prices were sticky. In contrast, flexibly priced durables with sufficiently long service lives can undo the implications of standard sticky price models. In a limiting case, flexibly priced durables cause monetary policy to have no effect on aggregate output. Our analysis suggests that durable goods prices are the most relevant data for calibrating price rigidity. (JEL E21, E23, E31, E52)
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Chang, Ming-Hsu, and Wen-Bin Chiou. "Psychophysical Methods in Study of Consumers' Perceived Price Change for Food Products." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (April 2007): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.643-652.

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When adjusting product prices, marketers wish information concerning consumers' price perceptions. The present study aimed to develop an optimal pricing framework for food products by applying Weber's Law and Stevens' Power Law in psychophysics. The first phase attempted to measure the differential thresholds when magnitudes of prices were raised and lowered. The second phase was conducted to establish the psychophysical function representing perceived changes. Analysis showed consumers' differential thresholds were positively correlated with the initial price, consistent with Weber's Law. Further, participants' perceived change differed for increased and decreased prices. Products were perceived as cheaper only when medium-and low-priced products dropped dramatically in price. However, small reductions for the high-priced products were perceived as cheaper. Regardless of price changes, participants perceived products were more expensive when prices dropped by a small amount.
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Bangalee, Varsha, and Fatima Suleman. "Has the increase in the availability of generic drugs lowered the price of cardiovascular drugs in South Africa?" Health SA Gesondheid 21 (October 11, 2016): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v21i0.935.

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Background: This research focuses on pharmaceutical competition in South Africa where concurrent pricing legislation is being implemented without monitoring the consequences on generic drug competition and usage.Objective: To examine the relationship between originator drug prices and the number of generic brands within the cardiovascular class of drugs and to compare South African prices with international reference prices.Method: Data on private sector drug prices was sourced from the South African Medicine Price Registry. The relationship between the median proportional price and the number of brands in the therapeutic class was analysed using correlation analysis. International reference prices were obtained from the Management Sciences for Health International Drug Price Indicator Guide (2012 edition).Results: A weak correlation between originator and generic drug prices and the number of available brands was observed, the exception being diuretic drugs. The median prices per strength of the originator generic were still higher than the most expensive generic version manufactured by any other company, the exception being telmisartan. Comparison of price ratios between the originator drug, lowest priced generic and international reference price values revealed that the originator drug prices had a median price ratio of 20.99 (interquartile range 7.31—53.46) and the lowest priced generics had a median price ratio of 4.28 (interquartile range 2.10—8.47).Conclusion: Increased generic competition is not a predictor of lower drug prices. The study also concludes that the current South African pharmaceutical policies have not yet achieved the lowest prices for drugs when compared internationally.
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Ater, Itai, and Oren Rigbi. "Price Transparency, Media, and Informative Advertising." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20200337.

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We study the effects of a price transparency regulation in Israeli supermarkets. Using price data collected before and after the regulation and a difference-in-difference research design, we show that price levels and price dispersion declined significantly after the regulation. Chains also began setting identical prices in all stores. We use Robert and Stahl (1993) to interpret our findings, showing that low-priced chains extensively used price advertising after prices became transparent. These chains referenced price-comparison surveys conducted by the media to induce credibility for ads. Our findings highlight the importance of price transparency and the procompetitive role of informative advertising. (JEL D22, D83, L11, L81, L82, L88, M37)
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Tripathi, Avinash, and Neeraj Pandey. "Does impact of price endings differ for the non-green and green products? Role of product categories and price levels." Journal of Consumer Marketing 35, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2016-1838.

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Purpose The discount image associated with odd-ending prices has led to its extensive use by retailers. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts and applications of nine-ending vs round-ending prices on the purchase of green and non-green products at different price levels and under different purchase motivations. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments are conducted. The first experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; the second experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (price level: low price vs high price) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; and the third experiment examined buyers’ preferences of price endings regarding the purchase of green products having either utility (utilitarian) or pleasure (hedonic) motivation. Findings This research highlights that consumers prefer zero-ending prices for green products and pleasure motivation products, but they prefer odd endings for low-priced and utilitarian products. These results support the increased reception of round-ending prices. Accordingly, this study contributes to the literature by providing a boundary condition for odd-ending prices. Specifically, the study finds that the effect of nine-ending prices becomes weaker as the price of the product increases. Practical implications The findings of this study have practical implications for managers, as the results indicate that pricing green products and high-quality perception products using round digits and pricing low-priced and utility perception products using odd digits will increase consumers’ purchase intentions. Moreover, pricing the products using round-ending prices will reduce the perception of low quality and deter brand loyalty emanating from a low-priced/discount image of a product. Originality/value This research contributes to theoretical and practical aspects of behavioural pricing literature. This research uncovers the buyers’ distinct preferences for zero-ending prices and odd-ending prices when purchasing different products based on different motivations and varied price levels. This is the first research of its kind to explore and compare the impact of psychological pricing on green products. The study also resolves a contradiction in past literature regarding the use of nine-ending prices by providing boundary conditions.
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Abrahamson, Martin. "Offer Price and Post-IPO Ownership Structure." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 2 (February 6, 2024): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17020061.

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In an initial public offering (IPO) the firm can set the offer price of its shares, based on the valuation of the firm, by changing the number of shares. This study uses stock ownership records and hand-collected IPO data to analyze the offer prices, the underpricing of IPO shares (measured as the initial return, IR) and the relationship with the post-IPO ownership structure. Specifically, the paper focuses on individual IPO investors. The results show that for the lowest priced IPOs the IR is significantly higher priced IPOs. Furthermore, for the low-priced IPOs, there is a negative relationship between offer price and breadth of ownership. This implies that stocks with a low price can attract more investors than stocks with higher offer prices. However, for high-priced IPOs the relationship is positive, suggesting that also the IPOs with highest price attract more investors. Overall, this study shows that the offer price of an IPO firm may have a moderate effect on its post-IPO ownership structure.
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Bulfone, Liliana. "High prices for generics in Australia — more competition might help." Australian Health Review 33, no. 2 (2009): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090200.

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It is commonly believed that dispensed prices of medicines in Australia are substantially lower than those in other developed countries, particularly the US. This article reports the results of an analysis comparing dispensed prices for the most commonly prescribed and the highest cost items in Australia with dispensed prices in the US. Although a large majority of items are less expensive in Australia than in the US, Australian prices are higher for a substantial number of products, particularly generic drugs. This article examines various policies affecting the pricing of generics in Australia. It is postulated that the main cause for higher prices for a substantial number of generic products is the lack of price competition. This results from government policy which ensures that a price reduction by one company is communicated immediately to all competitors in that market along with an invitation to match the reduced price. The dominant strategy for all suppliers is to only reduce their price in response to a reduction in price by a competitor. The result is a lack of differentiation in pricing across brands of a medicine on the Schedule of Pharmaceutical Benefits. The government could improve the structure of the generics market and encourage greater competition by ceasing to disclose competitor firms? offers to other competitors. The government could conduct pricing reviews of each generic product relatively infrequently (eg, only once annually or every 18 months). At the time of the pricing review, the government would request confidential offers on price for a generic from all players in the market. Brands should then all be listed under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) at the offered price. Prices offered by the individual supplier would apply until the next pricing review. The PBS would continue to subsidise up to the price of the lowest priced brand, with brand premiums applying to all brands priced higher than the benchmark price. Such an approach would provide opportunity for players in the market to capture market share by being the lowest priced brand.
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Ribisl, Kurt M., Shelley Diane Golden, Jidong Huang, and Michelle Scollo. "Addressing lower-priced cigarette products through three-pronged comprehensive regulation on excise taxes, minimum price policies and restrictions on price promotions." Tobacco Control 31, no. 2 (March 2022): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056553.

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The prices that smokers pay out-of-pocket for their tobacco products ultimately influence their smoking behaviour. Although cigarette excise taxes are arguably the best and most used policy to increase cigarette prices, taxes are only one component of retail cigarette prices. The persistence of lower-priced products, disproportionately purchased by lower-income smokers, in jurisdictions with high excise taxes is an Achilles heel for tobacco tax policy. When governments raise excise taxes, the tobacco industry responds. The industry reduces tax pass-through to minimise the price increases for lower-priced brands and offers price discounts to retailers and coupons to consumers. In addition, smokers who do not quit after tax increases may downshift brands, purchase in bulk or substitute lower-priced tobacco product types. This may be particularly true for price-sensitive smokers, including those with lower incomes. We propose that raising excise taxes will be more effective in reducing the persistence of lower-priced products and income-based smoking disparities when taxes are designed to raise prices frequently and substantially for all products and are combined with (a) minimum price laws and (b) bans on coupons, discounts and other promotions. In combination, these three complementary policies restrict the tobacco industry’s ability to undermine the impact of higher excise taxes upon consumer prices. Very few jurisdictions have implemented comprehensive three-pronged tobacco price regulation, but doing so would likely address many of the limitations that come with a sole focus on raising excise taxes.
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Wang, Qiming. "Evolution of integer price clustering of IPOs in the aftermarket." Nankai Business Review International 5, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-01-2014-0008.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to, using a large sample of NASDAQ initial public offerings (IPOs), examine the evolution of integer price clustering of IPOs in the aftermarket trading. Design/methodology/approach – Consistent with Harris’s (1991) costly negotiation hypothesis, clustering on integer prices is a positive function of price level and various stock valuation uncertainty proxies, and it is a negative function of trading activities for IPOs and seasoned stocks. Findings – It was found that, after controlling for price level, daily return volatility, number of trades, trading volume, number of market makers and the effect of price support, the integer price frequency of IPOs converge to that of seasoned stocks immediately, and whether IPOs have integer offer prices does not affect their integer price clustering in the aftermarket trading after the effect of price support is controlled for. Originality/value – These results suggest that the IPO pricing process significantly reduce the differences between integer priced IPOs and non-integer priced IPOs in pre-offering valuation uncertainty.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Price"

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Fulton, Chad. "Sectoral Prices and Price-setting." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20495.

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This dissertation explores the price-setting behavior of firms both theoretically and empirically. The first portion constructs a theoretical model of price-setting in which firms are rationally inattentive: they cannot perfectly attend to all sources of uncertainty. By accommodating multiple sources of uncertainty within the model, it is possible to reasonably calibrate key parameters of the model. This bolsters the case for rational inattention as a microfounded alternative to ad-hoc mechanisms in order to generate price-stickiness and it not only allows for multiple sectors but demonstrates why their introduction is important. The second portion contributes to the empirical literature exploring disaggregated price series. Taking into account the lessons from the theoretical model, a combination of dynamic factor and unobserved component models are applied to explicitly model heterogenous dynamic processes for sectoral prices. The key finding is that models with enforced homogenous dynamics are outperformed under a variety of criteria. More importantly, models with enforced homogenous dynamics can generate erroneous conclusions with respect to the speed of price responses to aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks. A large body of recent empirical work on price-setting, including the empirical exercise described above, estimates a dynamic factor model using a relatively simple and partially non-parametric method. This method is valid in large samples, but alternative parametric methods exist that may be more efficient in small samples. The final portion of this dissertation compares methods for the estimation of dynamic factor models, including non-parametric, classical, and Bayesian techniques. The results of a Monte Carlo experiment validate the use of the partially non-parametric method, but find that the Bayesian approach may provide weakly superior results.
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Kane, Hayden. "Price Discovery Across Option and Equity Prices." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/325212.

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This paper measures the channels by which private information is incorporated in prices in the equity and option markets. Using a mispricing events approach and conditioning on the option market being the cause of the mispricing event, I analyse the subsequent behaviour of both the options and equity markets and I find that options markets play an important role in the price discovery process. When conditioning on option caused mispricing events, the equity price adjusts towards the options price to reconcile the prices. I find that around 40% of the option caused mispricing events contain information, and the equity prices adjust 35-40%, depending on the exchange, of the maximum discrepancy before prices reconcile. When the equity market causes the mispricing, the option market follows due to the autoquote mechanism. Additionally, I use Monte Carlo to assess the suitability of the Hasbrouck (1995) Information Share and Gonzalo-Granger (1995) Component Share measures in the option-equity context. I find that neither metric is suitable, however the Putnins (2013) Information Leadership metric is and the options market has on average a 35% information leadership share.
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Chiu, Yu-him. "Price in the "birdcage" : an analysis of the price reform in the People's Republic of China since 1978 /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13204865.

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Aulton, Anneliese Julia. "A theoretical and econometric analysis of agricultural futures markets and the implications for agricultural policy reform." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318297.

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Zhumadilov, Daniyar. "Price stickiness: Durability, Cost of Price Adjustment and Price Memory." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1500057951315496.

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Syed, Iqbal Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Understanding price movements : measurement of price rigidity and pure price change." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41019.

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The primary focus of this thesis is on price movements at market levels. This thesis examines the measurement of two aspects of price movements: the degree of price rigidity and pure price change. Price is defined to be rigid if its response to a demand or cost shock is slow and the magnitude of adjustment is proportionately less than the shock. Price rigidity is one of the critical issues in the microfoundations of macroeconomics, and its importance has been documented at least since Keynes' (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Regarding pure price change, in many markets the measurement of pure price change is difficult to obtain because the observed prices are contaminated by quality and compositional changes in the products. The literature on price indexes emphasises the importance of accounting for quality change at the market level. These issues will be explored in this thesis. The chapters of this thesis provide distinct but complementary contributions to the literature of price movement. Chapter 2 uses vector error correction models to estimate the degree of price rigidity in the retail coffee markets of 17 different countries. A stylised fact that emerges from the work is that price adjustment typically occurs within two quarters after a shock is imposed. In terms of the magnitude of price changes, prices are found to be more rigid to cost shocks than to foreign shocks. Chapter 3 explores the extent to which products follow systematic pricing patterns over their life cycle and the impact this has on the measurement of inflation. A number of specifications of hedonic models have been applied to data on supermarket and electronic products. Strong evidence of systematic life cycle effects has been found. Chapter 4 develops an hedonic regression model to construct multilateral indexes-indexes that are consistent across time and space-in housing markets. The set-up of the hedonic model attains some desirable properties, both in terms of statistical and index number perspectives. Applied to house prices in Sydney, the model generated some interesting results, including that the cheaper regions exhibit greater price dynamics than the more expensive regions. Some potential areas for further research are also considered.
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Acree, E. Bryan. "Volatility spillovers in international equity markets." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30969.

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Currie, Martin, and Ingrid Kubin. "Fixed price dynamics versus flexible price dynamics." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/114/1/document.pdf.

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This paper contrasts the dynamical behaviors of fixed and flexible price regimes for a monopolistically competitive manufacturing sector in which firms base decisions on expectations about product demands. (author's abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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趙汝謙 and Yu-him Chiu. "Price in the "birdcage": an analysis of the price reform in the People's Republic of China since 1978." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210235.

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Hansson, Göran. "Såld spannmål av kyrkotionden : Priser i Östergötland under Sveriges stormaktstid." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Economic History, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-796.

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The thesis presents annual price series for rye and barley in Östergötland during the period 1592-1735. Prices of wheat, oats, animal products, building materials, iron, nails, horse shoes and horse shoe nails from about the mid-17th century up to 1735 are also presented and analysed. New data has been excerpted from four hospitals and about fifty parishes in Östergötland. Prices from other provinces have also been excerpted for the study. This nes data is compared to already published prices from Sweden´s capital and from several provinces in central parts of the western national region of Sweden of that time. This area constituted Sweden´s core region. By linking the studies results to previous research, a description is made of the price developments for rye, butter and tallow up to 1775, that is, during Sweden´s period of great power and age of freedom. A principal result for the roughly 150 years primarily covered by the thesis is that it was chiefly the prices of rye and barley, the most important food at the time, that fluctuated in twelve cycles. Periodically there were large fluctuatons. The price cycles for corn (half rye, half barley) had an average amplitude of somewhat more than 100 % and a duration of 11 years on average. The prices were on average higher further north in the country. The causes of the price fluctuations are complex. During the major part of the period studied, Sweden was at war or in armistice period, which occupied a large part of the male population. Politically, increasingly great power was gradually concentrated to the king and autocracy was introduced, culminating at the end of Charles XII´s regency. The peasantry was burdened by high taxes and other onuses. After the middle of the 17th century the country was no longer self-subsistent but largely dependent on corn import. The production of foddstuffs decreased, partly through a smaller part of the country´s resources beeing used for production, and partly due to bad harvests. Recurrent epidemics reduced the population even up to the early 18th century.

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Books on the topic "Price"

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MacQuigg, Donna. The price of pride. Waterville, Me: Five Star, 2006.

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Ivanov, Ivan, Vyacheslav Rusin, Il'ya Rozhkov, Vitaliy Cherenkov, and Sergey Savinkov. Price management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1876530.

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The textbook reveals the development of the theoretical foundations of value and price at various stages of the evolution of economics, as well as in modern market conditions. The interrelation of the economic policy of the enterprise with key price categories is revealed: pricing policy, principles and methods of pricing, pricing strategy and tactics. The universal role of price in the economy is revealed, its mission is explained, and the classification of prices is given. The economic functions of the price and the principles of pricing are determined. Considerable attention is paid to practical issues of price management: the process of developing a pricing policy; the use of various methods and methods of pricing; the choice and implementation of a pricing strategy; the formation of prices taking into account various external factors. Complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students, economists, managers, marketers and other practitioners interested in the possibilities of price management in modern market conditions.
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United States. National Technical Information Service., ed. Foreign price directory (suggested prices). Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1987.

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United States. National Technical Information Service, ed. Foreign price directory (suggested prices). Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1985.

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Eurostat. Agricultural prices: Price indices and absolute prices. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.

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Choe, Boum Jong. Commodity price forecasts and futures prices. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): World Bank, 1990.

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S, Clark J., and United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, eds. Nonfarm input prices, price margins, and consumer food prices. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1998.

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Manipur (India). Directorate of Economics & Statistics., ed. Price statistics of Manipur, 2006. Imphal: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Manipur, 2007.

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Gabszewicz, J. Jaskold. Subjective price search and price competition. Louvain-la-Neuve: Center for Operations Research & Econometrics, 1985.

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Parker, Thomas L. Price of Pride. America Star Books, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Price"

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Mellor, John W. "Prices and Price Policy." In Agricultural Development and Economic Transformation, 135–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65259-7_11.

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Hannagan, Tim. "Price." In Marketing for the Non-profit Sector, 127–43. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11632-4_9.

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McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, et al. "Price." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 1066. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_3494.

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Stull, Edward. "Price." In UX Fundamentals for Non-UX Professionals, 181–93. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3811-0_27.

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Lancaster, Geoff, and Paul Reynolds. "Price." In Marketing, 149–67. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14039-8_8.

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Groucutt, Jonathan. "Price." In Foundations of Marketing, 249–67. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21227-5_11.

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Pettinger, Richard. "Price." In Construction Marketing, 75–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14458-7_4.

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Holloway, Joseph William, and Jianping Wu. "Price." In Red Meat Science and Production, 65–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7856-0_3.

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Kucuk, S. Umit. "Price." In Visualizing Marketing, 29–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48027-5_4.

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Frost, Raymond D., Alexa K. Fox, and Terry M. Daugherty. "Price." In eMarketing, 224–46. 9th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003247319-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Price"

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Shanker, Latha, and Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan. "Do price limits inhibit futures prices?" In Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2008.4536459.

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Gómez-Losada, Álvaro, and Néstor Duch-Brown. "Some empirical observations on price patterns in online stores." In CARMA 2023 - 5th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2023.2023.16505.

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This study aims, through a short experimentation, to empirically identify price patterns in popular products from large online retailers. A set of 35 products and prices were monitored for 15 days, three times per day. Three simple price patterns were identified, and four patterns involving two or more sellers were described. The simple price patterns were Temporary rises and fall of prices, Alternation between two prices, and Ladder steps of prices. Compound pattern prices were Price chasing, Price exchange, Mimic at a lower or similar minimum prices, and Conditioned appearance, most of them described in economic literature. This research does not discuss the use of algorithmic pricing when setting prices by online retailer but it could be involved. Next steps in this research consider to wider the number of analyzed products and to increase the frequency and time of their monitoring.
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Rowlands, David Olusina, and Mark Savill. "Gas Turbine Engine Price Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7141.

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Gas turbine engine prices vary widely. Any organisation planning to invest in a project involving the use of gas turbine engines, as prime mover, must perform a robust economic analysis to guide the organisations investment decisions. One major element that could greatly influence the outcome of an economic analysis, and eventual organisational decisions and planning, is gas turbine engine acquisition price. This study applies artificial neural networks to estimate gas turbine engine price. A supervised network learning strategy has been adopted to train the network from a dataset of historical records of gas turbine engine performance parameters and engine price. Numerical gradient checking has been performed to validate the computed cost function with quantified similarity obtained in the order of 10−9. The challenge of neural network overfitting has been minimized by applying a regularization technique. As such, the developed network closes reflects real world observations. To validate the network predictions, the developed neural network has been used to estimate the price of known gas turbine engine units with 95% to 99.9% accuracy.
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Tengiz, Yusuf Ziya, and Zehra Meliha Tengiz. "A Study on Beef Price in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02213.

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Beef prices in Turkey is increased for long time. That outcome is caused to find out the reasons which are variables related to beef prices. The target of this study is to clarify relationship of beef price and its independent variables with a regression model. Data analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Based on the model’s equation, the independent variables which are average world beef unit price (USD), per capita beef consumption in Turkey (kg), government livestock incentives (TRY), consumer price index on beef (%), exchange rate (USD/TRY), real effective exchange rate (%) and gross domestic national product (%) are found as direct proportion with beef prices. On the other hand, poultry meat as an alternative to beef has inverse proportion with the prices.
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Escobar-Burnham, Esther, and Waldemar Szemat-Vielma. "Hydrogen Price Race in Australia." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23635-ms.

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Abstract In December 2018, the Council of Australian Governments set a vision (Australia Hydrogen Strategy) for a clean, innovative, safe, and competitive hydrogen industry that benefits all Australians and will be a major global player by 2030. This study will summarize the current and forecast uses and volumes of hydrogen along with estimating the potential future range of hydrogen prices and prices’ key drivers across Australia seven territories. The seven hubs are the basis to understand the range in hydrogen prices combined with the technologies available to produce hydrogen across Australia. These seven hubs are planned as a springboard to large scale production, although hydrogen projects can be outside these hubs as well. The impact of the drivers and price assessment across the green and blue hydrogen technologies were studied. Hydrogen price ranges were calculated and are based on the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) for the different electrolysis technologies as well as, steam methane reforming, black coal and lignite gasification with carbon capture and sequestration. The price is equivalent to a Free on Board (FOB) or at wellhead price. The model was built to replicate the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) LCOH for the mentioned technologies, which was then used to model the price for green and blue hydrogen across the seven states and territories. Since the model is based on LCOH it does not incorporate additional costs such as transport or company overheads and market forces such as supply and demand. A comparison of the hydrogen price for various generation methods across the states and territories of Australia was generated and analyzed. The key observations from the results include: 1) there is neither a leading technology nor a leading territory for the low or high hydrogen price; 2) variations in energy commodity prices are directly linked to the hydrogen price and the main factor to consider with green hydrogen production; 3) decreases in costs suggest efficiencies in technology across the green and blue hydrogen industry are starting to be realized; 4) short-term volatility is expected as the industry develops but over the longer term the price should stabilize towards the lower end of the range. With Japan is a strong partner aiming to reach hydrogen cost of A$3/kg., Australia must reduce the hydrogen production cost as much as possible to keep its competitive advantage amongst competitors. This paper will describe the hydrogen price calculation process, the variables, and considerations for each of the seven Australian territories to become the top producer and exporter of the region.
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Algan, Neşe, Erhan İşcan, Duygu Serin Oktay, and Duygu Kara. "Impact of Energy Price Volatility on Macroeconomic Performance." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01892.

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Last two decades witnessed increasingly volatile international markets with the many financial crises. Concurrently, volatility in energy prices and energy markets cause various adverse impacts on both national and world economies. Especially this volatility affected emerging markets and increased the fragility of the emerging economies. Because of the adverse impacts of this volatility, understanding the price behavior and impact of volatility of energy prices on economy became crucial for every economic agent in the economy including policy makers in the governments, consumers, and producers. The relationship between energy prices and macroeconomic performance has been studied widely as a consequence its long term macroeconomic impacts to world economies. Differently, the aim of this study is analyzing the effect of energy price volatility on macroeconomic indicators of Turkey. For that purpose, we employed a GARCH model to investigate effect of energy price volatility on macroeconomic performance for Turkey from 2002 to 2016. We use various energy prices and macroeconomic indicators data for the period from January 2002 to December 2016, obtained from the IFS and CBRT-EDDS. By applying GARCH methodology to various energy prices and macroeconomic indicators, we contribute to the understanding of price volatility in energy markets, and suggest policies that would be of use to policy makers in the governments, consumers, and producers.
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Karcıoğlu, Reşat, Muhammet Özcan, and Ensar Ağırman. "The Relationship of Petroleum Price and BIST Sector Indexes." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01878.

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Energy is not only indispensable element of everyday life, but also underlies industrialization and manufacturing. Energy and manufacturing have become integral parts with the importance of mechanization since the Industrial Revolution. As a result of this emerging situation, businesses, have become sensitive energy and energy prices. For this reason, changes in energy prices directly affect businesses and are thought to have effects on fluctuations in stock prices. Changes in the prices of primary energy sources directly or indirectly affect capital markets. In energy importer countries including Turkey, high energy prices cause an increase in current account deficit and decrease in real national income by increasing the amount of energy imports. In addition, high energy prices lead to cost-based inflation increases as they directly affect raw material prices used in production. All these factors indirectly affect capital markets. Direct effect of energy price changes on the capital market is explained by the fact that energy is an indispensable input in industrial production. In cases where the energy price increase is not reflected to the consumer, the profitability of the enterprise is decreasing. A decrease in profitability affects firm's stock price as well. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between sector indices in the Stock Exchange Istanbul (BIST) and oil price changes. Weekly data set for the period for 2006:1 - 2016:4 is used. Johannes co-integration method is used to measure long term relationship in the study.
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Jablanovic, Vesna. "The Chaotic Wheat Producer Price Growth Model." In Sixth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2022.395.

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Movements in wheat producer prices are indicators of changes in the fundamentals of supply and demand. This paper creates the chaotic wheat producer price growth model and explains the local stability of the wheat producer price in the period 1991-2020 in the U.S., Germany and the Russian Federation. This paper confirms the stable growth of wheat producer price in those countries in the observed period.
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Jung, Lee-Sang, and Jung-Hee Han. "Relationships Between Trust, Product Prices, Price Discounts, and Price Premiums in the Online Open Marketplace." In Business 2013. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2013.34.07.

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Wu, Feichen, Hanbing Li, and Chunheng Ho. "Exploring the Relationship between Form Features and Price Perception." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005140.

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Price is undeniably a critical factor that shapes consumers' decisions when navigating the intricate landscape of purchasing. Within the realm of consumer behavior, studies have shed light on a fascinating phenomenon: consumers tend to assess the internal cues of a product, particularly its form, when gauging product quality during the purchasing process. Only when form falls short as a judgment criterion do they turn to external cues, such as price. This leads to an intriguing inference — the form of a product significantly influences its perceived price. In light of this, our study is committed to delving deeply into the complex interplay between form features and the perception of price, with the aim of pinpointing specific design elements that enhance consumer perceived price. To focus on the interaction between form features and the perception of price, we eliminate the potential impact of color and material. Thus, this study selects glass perfume bottles with relatively simple colors and materials as the research objects. The study adopts a two-stage experimental approach conducted in the form of focus groups. In the first stage, five high-involvement consumers with over 25 perfume purchasing experiences discussed together to choose seven bottles that are unanimously considered high-priced perfume bottle samples. In the second stage, five expert designers with over 15 years of design experience are invited to extract the design features from the samples selected in the previous stage. The results of this study indicate that specific design features contribute to people's perception of higher prices. Examples of such features include the simulated diamond surface cut, an overall aspect ratio close to 16:9, small and delicate decorations, and clearly demarcated lines between the cap and body. The findings thereby provide valuable insights for designers and strategic recommendations for businesses in terms of pricing strategies.
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Reports on the topic "Price"

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Rubinton, Hannah, and Maggie Isaacson. Shipping Prices and Import Price Inflation. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2022.017.

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Dorosh, Paul A., Jenny Smart, Bart Minten, and David Stifel. Droughts, cereal prices, and price stabilization options. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896296916_09.

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Chevalier, Judith, and Anil Kashyap. Best Prices: Price Discrimination and Consumer Substitution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20768.

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Cortazar, Gonzalo, Cristobal Millard, Hector Ortega, and Eduardo Schwartz. Commodity Price Forecasts, Futures Prices and Pricing Models. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22991.

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Heal, Geoffrey. Price Uncertainty and Price-Contingent Securities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23723.

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Anderson, Kym, Maros Ivanic, and Will Martin. Food Price Spikes, Price Insulation and Poverty. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19530.

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Nishimura, Kiyohiko, Fukujyu Yamazaki, Takako Idee, and Toshiaki Watanabe. Distortionary Taxation, Excessive Price Sensitivity, and Japanese Land Prices. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7254.

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Barsky, Robert, Christopher House, and Miles Kimball. Do Flexible Durable Goods Prices Undermine Sticky Price Models? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9832.

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Vélez-Velásquez, Juan Sebastián. Banning Price Discrimination under Imperfect Competition: Evidence from Colombia's Broadband. Banco de la República de Colombia, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1148.

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Economic theory is inconclusive regarding the effects of banning third-degree price discrimination under imperfect competition because they depend on how the competing firms rank their market segments. When, relative to uniform pricing, all competitors want higher prices in the same market segments, a ban on price discrimination will reduce profits and benefit some consumers at the expense of others. If, instead, some firms want to charge higher prices in segments where their competitors want to charge lower prices, price discrimination increases competition driving all prices down. In this case, forcing the firms to charge uniform prices can increase their profits and reduce consumer surplus. We use data on Colombian broadband subscriptions to estimate the demand for internet services. Estimated preferences and assumptions about competition are used to simulate a scenario in which firms lose their ability to price discriminate. Our results show large effects on consumer surplus and large effects on firms’ profits. Aggregate profits increase but the effects for individual firms are heterogeneous. The effects on consumer welfare vary by city. In most cities, a uniform price regime causes large welfare transfers from low-income households towards high-income households and in a few cities, prices in all segments rise. Poorer households respond to the increase in prices by subscribing to internet plans with slower download speed.
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Dana, James, and Kevin Williams. Intertemporal Price Discrimination in Sequential Quantity-Price Games. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26794.

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