Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prévision de la production photovoltaïque'
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Thorey, Jean. "Prévision d’ensemble par agrégation séquentielle appliquée à la prévision de production d’énergie photovoltaïque." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066526/document.
Full textOur main objective is to improve the quality of photovoltaic power forecasts deriving from weather forecasts. Such forecasts are imperfect due to meteorological uncertainties and statistical modeling inaccuracies in the conversion of weather forecasts to power forecasts. First we gather several weather forecasts, secondly we generate multiple photovoltaic power forecasts, and finally we build linear combinations of the power forecasts. The minimization of the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) allows to statistically calibrate the combination of these forecasts, and provides probabilistic forecasts under the form of a weighted empirical distribution function. We investigate the CRPS bias in this context and several properties of scoring rules which can be seen as a sum of quantile-weighted losses or a sum of threshold-weighted losses. The minimization procedure is achieved with online learning techniques. Such techniques come with theoretical guarantees of robustness on the predictive power of the combination of the forecasts. Essentially no assumptions are needed for the theoretical guarantees to hold. The proposed methods are applied to the forecast of solar radiation using satellite data, and the forecast of photovoltaic power based on high-resolution weather forecasts and standard ensembles of forecasts
Agoua, Xwégnon. "Développement de méthodes spatio-temporelles pour la prévision à court terme de la production photovoltaïque." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM066/document.
Full textThe evolution of the global energy context and the challenges of climate change have led to anincrease in the production capacity of renewable energy. Renewable energies are characterized byhigh variability due to their dependence on meteorological conditions. Controlling this variabilityis an important challenge for the operators of the electricity systems, but also for achieving the Europeanobjectives of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy efficiency and increasing the share of renewable energies in EU energy consumption. In the case of photovoltaics (PV), the control of the variability of the production requires to predict with minimum errors the future production of the power stations. These forecasts contribute to increasing the level of PV penetration and optimal integration in the power grid, improving PV plant management and participating in electricity markets. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of the short-term predictability (less than 6 hours) of PV production. First, we analyze the spatio-temporal variability of PV production and propose a method to reduce the nonstationarity of the production series. We then propose a deterministic prediction model that exploits the spatio-temporal correlations between the power plants of a spatial grid. The power stationsare used as a network of sensors to anticipate sources of variability. We also propose an automaticmethod for selecting variables to solve the dimensionality and sparsity problems of the space-time model. A probabilistic spatio-temporal model has also been developed to produce efficient forecasts not only of the average level of future production but of its entire distribution. Finally, we propose a model that exploits observations of satellite images to improve short-term forecasting of PV production
Dambreville, Romain. "Prévision du rayonnement solaire global par télédétection pour la gestion de la production d’énergie photovoltaïque." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT078/document.
Full textTo handle the integration of intermittent energies to the existing grid,managers require more and more acurate tools to forecast the primary resources. This thesisfocuses on the very short term forecast of the global horizontal irradiance (GHI), maininput for most photovoltaic power plant. We chose to use both ground based images fromhemispherical cameras and satellite images to provide a forecating tool. In the first handwe present a novel appraoch to estimate the GHI using ground based images. On secondhand, we propose several satellite based methods to forecast the GHI up to one hour. Finally,we developp a new method allowing us to merge both data in order to benefit from theirrespective advantages. All the methods were tested against real data acquired on the SIRTAsite, Polytechnique campus
Carriere, Thomas. "Towards seamless value-oriented forecasting and data-driven market valorisation of photovoltaic production." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM019.
Full textThe decarbonation of electricity production on a global scale is a key element in responding to the pressures of different environmental issues. In addition, the decrease in the costs of the photovoltaic (PV) sector is paving the way for a significant increase in PV production worldwide. The main objective of this thesis is then to maximize the income of a PV energy producer under uncertainty of market prices and production. For this purpose, a probabilistic forecast model of short (5 minutes) and medium (24 hours) term PV production is proposed. This model is coupled with a market participation method that maximizes income expectation. In a second step, the coupling between a PV plant and a battery is studied, and a sensitivity analysis of the results is carried out to study the profitability and sizing of such systems. An alternative participation method is proposed, for which an artificial neural network learns to participate with or without batteries in the electricity market, thus simplifying the process of PV energy valuation by reducing the number of models required
Ouedraogo, Sarah. "Développement de Stratégies Optimisées de Gestion de l’Energie Intermittente dans un Micro Réseau Photovoltaïque avec Stockage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CORT0008.
Full textMicrogrids are considered as the future of energy production and distribution in electrical grid. Many of them incorporate photovoltaic generation and storage, mostly in the form of batteries, to power various loads. The main objective of this thesis is to propose energy management strategies designed to optimize the operating costs of a photovoltaic microgrid with battery while respecting specific constraints. This microgrid powers residential buildings and electric vehicles.To achieve this, five energy management strategies based on rules, with increasing complexity, were developed. These strategies were compared to an optimization using linear programming in terms of energy and economic performance. The results indicate that the most optimal strategy achieved a performance level close to the linear programming, which is considered "optimal." However, some limitations were observed for the initial strategies, including power cuts, which are not acceptable. To improve these strategies, the seasonal effect, particularly in photovoltaic production, was taken into account, eliminating power cuts. Depending on the chosen strategy, the batteries are more or less stressed, so it was necessary to consider the varying battery aging and its impact on performance. Suitable battery aging models were thus implemented. The results showed that the profitability of batteries depends on their installation cost and they remain economically viable for costs below approximately 175 €/kWh. The most effective rule-based control strategy considers variations in electricity costs, photovoltaic production forecasting, seasonal variation in PV production, and battery degradation in its decision-making process. This strategy improves financial gain by approximately 68 % compared to the simplest rule-based strategy, which is similar to a self-consumption strategy.An analysis of the influence of different parameters, such as electricity purchase tariffs, battery capacity, power exchanged with the main grid and consumption profiles was conducted through simulations. It was found that the electricity pricing model has a significant effect on energy distribution and financial gain. The influence of battery size, limitation of power exchange with the main grid, and consumption profile strongly depends on the strategy used, as well as the electricity pricing model.This work highlights the importance of integrating the characteristics of photovoltaic energy into energy management strategies through the use of various tools such as photovoltaic production forecasting. This information is valuable for investment and operational decision-making
Touani, Tchanko Joseph Ismael. "Développement d'une capacité de prévision de la production éolienne." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/925/1/TOUANI_TCHANKO_Joseph_Ismael.pdf.
Full textDione, Mamadou. "Prévision court terme de la production éolienne par Machine learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG004.
Full textThe energy transition law passed by the French government has specific implications for renewable energies, in particular for their remuneration mechanism. Until 2015, a purchase obligation contract made it possible to sell electricity from wind power at a fixed rate. From 2015 onwards, some wind farms began to be exempted from the purchase obligation. This is because wind energy is starting to be sold directly on the market by the producers because of the breach of the purchase obligation contracts. Distribution system operators and transmission system operators require or even oblige producers to provide at least a production forecast one day in advance in order to rebalance the market. Over- or underestimation could be subject to penalties. There is, therefore, a huge need for accurate forecasts. It is in this context that this thesis was launched with the aim of proposing a model for predicting wind farms production by machine learning. We have production data and real wind measurements as well as data from meteorological models. We first compared the performances of the GFS and ECMWF models and studied the relationships between these two models through canonical correlation analysis. We then applied machine learning models to validate a first random forest prediction model. We then modeled the spatio-temporal wind dynamics and integrated it into the prediction model, which improved the prediction error by 3%. We also studied the selection of grid points by a variable group importance measure using random forests. Random forest prediction intervals associated with point forecasts of wind farm production are also studied. The forecasting model resulting from this work was developed to enable the ENGIE Group to have its own daily forecasts for all its wind farms
Vallance, Loïc. "Synergie des mesures pyranométriques et des images hémisphériques in-situ avec des images satellites météorologiques pour la prévision photovoltaïque." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM064/document.
Full textThe exploitation of solar energy raises challenges related to the variable nature of the resources involved: the incident solar irradiance. Its intermittent behavior is an is- sue for photovoltaic power plants and grid management. One of the solutions that have been widely considered is the forecast of photovoltaic production at different time horizon.The aim of this thesis is to explore new ways for improving the existing solar irradiance forecasts, for horizons ranging from the present moment to few hours, by exploiting possible synergies between pyranometric measurements, hemispherical images of the sky taken from the ground and images acquired by geostationary meteorological satellites. These two types of images have completely different spatial coverage, spatio-temporal resolutions and are taken from two different locations.The proposed approach in this thesis exploits this difference in points of view in order to geolocate the clouds in 3D by stereoscopy, which shadows’ location and motion can then be estimated and forecasted. A geometric simulator of the method has been developed to identify some of the advantages and limitations of this approach. The geolocation of clouds applied to real data made it possible to develop promising estimates and forecasts of incident solar irradiance. Finally, to complete the usual analysis of forecasting performances, two new metrics have been proposed in order to quantify two essential notions: the ability to monitor the ramps and the temporal alignment of the forecast with the measurements
Caldeira, Nabo Adelphe. "Contribution à l'estimation et à l'amélioration de la production de l'énergie photovoltaïque." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4058/document.
Full textThis study deals with the development of hardware and software tools to estimate and improve the efficiency of the PV energy conversion chain for household photovoltaic applications. We firstly proposed a new mixed 5-level inverter. This type of structure, based on the mixture of a full bridge inverter and NPC architecture, reduces the converter output voltage THD while reducing levels of leakage current induced by the PV modules. This architecture consists of a limited number of semiconductor devices with respect to a NPC structure and improves the robustness of the inverter. Several test results in reduced power validate the concept proposed. Finally, we focus on some parameters that could perturb the system and impact the energy production. It is highlighted that the impact of the convective heat transfer coefficient variation with wind speed is important. For this purpose, a flexible tool was developed to estimate the PV production. It is then possible to quantify and qualify the impact of wind speed on the photovoltaic energy production
Esteoule, Tanguy. "Prévision de production de parcs éoliens par systèmes multi-agents auto-adaptatifs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30246.
Full textThe use of renewable energies, particularly wind power, is one of the solutions commonly used to limit the worsening of ongoing climate change. The variability and intermittency of these energy sources are the main constraints to be managed to ensure the integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid. This problem can be partly solved by improving production forecasts in the short and medium term. The theory of AMAS (Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems) proposes to solve complex problems by self-organization for which no algorithmic solution is known. The local and cooperative behavior of the agents allows the system to adapt to a dynamic environment for maintaining the system in an adequate operating state. In this thesis, this approach is applied to the forecasting of wind farm production. More specifically, we are studying the integration of finer scale data (wind farms for a region or wind turbines for a farm) into the forecast model. We therefore propose a method that takes into account local data in the global forecast and more precisely the interdependencies between wind turbine and wind farm productions. The study led to the design of two adaptive multi-agent systems: AMAWind-Turbine forecasting the production of a wind farm using wind turbine data, and AMAWind-Farm forecasting the production of a region using wind farm data. These systems have been tested in real conditions on five wind farms currently in operation. The experiments carried out validated the proper functioning of the systems and showed a decrease in forecasting error, the main factor in the field of application
Lacaze, Hubert. "Prévision des séries chronologiques par un système combinant le jugement et les statistiques : application à la prévision de la demande." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10023.
Full textCharpentier, Alexia. "Régulation et prévision de l’ingestion des chèvres laitières au pâturage." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2303/document.
Full textIn the context of prices volatility and growing demand for goat's milk products from respectful practices of the environment and animals, grazing can become more important in the diet of dairy goats. According to the literature review, the factors of variation of intake and performance of grazing dairy goats have been poorly studied under temperate conditions. The aim of this thesis was to understand the influence of grazing management practices (availability of pasture and access time to grazing) on the regulation of intake and performance of dairy goats, with the aim of refining recommendations for farmers and to elaborate a model of intake prediction. Based on the six trials conducted: (1) goats receiving between 0.6 and 1.0 kg/day of supplements adapt themselves to access time restrictions from 11 to 6 h/d, by increasing their intake rate and especially the percentage of time spent grazing up to 95% of access time, (2) goats receiving 0.6 kg of concentrates and an access time of at least 11 h/day can adapt to a restriction of pasture allowance up to 2.3-2.6 kg DM/goat/day, (3) live weight and milk production are the main variables affecting intake while parity and stage of lactation had no significant effect. This work provides the first response laws of intake, milk production and behavioural adaptation of grazing dairy goats to variations of access time to pasture and to pasture allowance
Notton, Gilles. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes de production autonome d'énergie utilisant la conversion photovoltaique." Corte, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CORT3005.
Full textPinson, Pierre Patrick. "Estimation de l’incertitude des prédictions de production eolienne." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1432.
Full textWind power experiences a tremendous development of its installed capacities in Europe. Though, the intermittence of wind generation causes difficulties in the management of power systems. Also, in the context of the deregulation of electricity markets, wind energy is penalized by its intermittent nature. It is recognized today that the forecasting of wind power for horizons up to 2/3-day ahead eases the integration of wind generation. Wind power forecasts are traditionally provided in the form of point predictions, which correspond to the most-likely power production for a given horizon. That sole information is not sufficient for developing optimal management or trading strategies. Therefore, we investigate on possible ways for estimating the uncertainty of wind power forecasts. The characteristics of the prediction uncertainty are described by a thorough study of the performance of some of the state-of-the-art approaches, and by underlining the influence of some variables e. G. Level of predicted power on distributions of prediction errors. Then, a generic method for the estimation of prediction intervals is introduced. This statistical method is non-parametric and utilizes fuzzy logic concepts for integrating expertise on the prediction uncertainty characteristics. By estimating several prediction intervals at once, one obtains predictive distributions of wind power output. The proposed method is evaluated in terms of its reliability, sharpness and resolution. In parallel, we explore the potential use of ensemble predictions for skill forecasting. Wind power ensemble forecasts are obtained either by converting meteorological ensembles (from ECMWF and NCEP) to power or by applying a poor man’s temporal approach. A proposal for the definition of prediction risk indices is given, reflecting the disagreement between ensemble members over a set of successive look-ahead times. Such prediction risk indices may comprise a more comprehensive signal on the expected level of uncertainty in an operational environment. A probabilistic relation between classes of risk indices and the level of forecast error is shown. In a final part, the trading application is considered for demonstrating the value of uncertainty estimation when predicting wind generation. It is explained how to integrate that uncertainty information in a decision-making process accounting for the sensitivity of end-users to regulation costs. The benefits of having a probabilistic view of wind power forecasting are clearly shown
Boucher, Marie-Amélie. "Le défi de l'intertitude : de la production de prévisions hydrologiques d'ensemble à leur utilisation opérationnelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27697/27697.pdf.
Full textBa, Mouhamadou Moustapha. "Système communicant pour le contrôle et la supervision prédictive de la co-production d’énergie photovoltaïque et éolienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2019_0226_BA.pdf.
Full textThe modeling, management and optimization of renewable energy production systems is currently a challenge to develop the smart city concept. The goal of this thesis is to develop an intelligent and autonomous management system for the control and predictive supervision of the co-production of renewable energies based on smart networked sensors where the optimization is one problematic integration. From experimental measurements, we prove that it is possible to optimally self-manage the electricity production of renewable energy installations according to a combined or superposed approach of predictive models where experimental measurements allowed to refine them. Particularly, we show the useful of the proposed approach for the photovoltaic and wind turbine installations in an urban zone according to real physical parameter measurements (temperature, humidity, etc.). More precisely, this work proposes one predictive model based on the Weibull function of the power production of polycristallins and amorphous PV systems, and one 2,4 kW micro-wind system in a specific urban zone. The proposed method is has been reinforced by the statistical analysis of real measured data by using the Dickey-Fuller (DF), Goldfeld & Quandt (GQ), Durbin Watson (DW) tests and the Engle & Granger’s method. This work has shown the relevance and originality of the models developed for the reliable prediction of energy production from experimental measurements under real conditions and obtained from the GREEN platform. In addition to modeling aspects, this work has also show that it possible to implement technological solutions based on communicating sensors for the collect of physical parameters under real-time supervision IHM given the real time photovoltaic and micro-wind power productions
Fouda, Efa. "Evaluation de la production électro-solaire photovoltaique domestique et villageoise au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985AIX30019.
Full textNepveu, François. "Production décentralisée d’électricité et de chaleur par système Parabole/Stirling : application au système EURODISH." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP1268.
Full textSince July 2004, a 10 kW el Dish/Stirling unit is in operation at the PROMES laboratory in Odeillo in France. This system is one of the several country reference units of the EnviroDish project. In the area of this project, the objective of this doctorate is to evaluate the technico-economical potential of this micro-concentrated solar plant. In a first time, after an introduction on the development potential of the concentrated solar plant, a state of art concerning Dish/Stirling systems is achieved. In a second time, the EURODISH system operation is described and the instantaneous, daily and monthly performances and operation experiences of this system are presented on a period from July 2004 to February 2008. In one hand, the solar to electricity efficiency has reached instantaneous and monthly record values for a EURODISH unit of 23. 6 % and 22 % respectively. But in the other hand, the system reliability is too low and 963 breakdowns have been noticed. The next chapter presents a global thermal model of the energy conversion of the EURODISH Dish/Stirling unit, from solar energy to electricity provided to the grid. In addition to study problem linked to the modelling of the parabolic concentrator, solar receiver and Stirling engine, the objective is to develop a tool to evaluate the optical and thermal losses of the system components, to identify the key parameters of the design and to study their influences on the performances of the components according to various operation conditions. The parabolic concentrator behaviour is simulated using the ray-tracing code SOLTRACE. The comparison between simulation results and experimental measurements made in July 2006 by a PROMES/DLR team shows a good agreement and that SOLTRACE is a good code to simulate a parabolic concentrator. Then, a nodal method is used to calculate the heat losses by reflection, thermal radiation, convection out of the cavity and conduction through the ceramic walls. The absorber is divided in 8 control-volumes in order to take into account the inhomogeneous solar flux distribution. Compared to experimental measurements, simulations give results with a good agreement in particular for the absorber temperatures. To complete the global model, a nodal analysis of the Solo V161 Stirling engine is performed using some assumptions to simplify mass equation and energy equation written for each control-volume. A comparison of the model results with experimental measurements of the power input and output of the EURODISH unit shows that the differences are dues to Stirling engine model. A difference of 6 % is calculated for the Stirling cycle efficiency. The last chapter is dedicated to the technico-economical study of a Dish/Stirling based cogeneration system electricity/domestic hot water. In a first time, a dynamic model of the conversion from solar energy to electricity and heat of the EURODISH Dish/Stirling unit coupled to a solar domestic hot water system is built using results of the last chapter and a classical nodal analysis. Then, the hourly Direct Normal Insolation are calculated from DNI measurements data over a period upper than 5 year in two locations in France (Vignola, Corsica island and Odeillo, Pyrenees). Simulations are performed for a domestic hot water supply of 15 rooms corresponding to the consumption of a “summer” hotel in Vignola, a “winter” hotel in Odeillo and a “classical” hotel in both cases. Simulations show that the recovery of the thermal energy evacuated by the Stirling engine could improve performances of the EURODISH dish/Stirling unit. Levelised Electricity Cost reaches 25 c€. KWh -1 under some assumptions and a EURODISH unit based cogeneration system could be a very good investment without economical risk
Issa, Wahid. "Prévision et caractérisation des fautes au cours de la production d'un ensemble de circuits de même type." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0096.
Full textBernier, Mahana. "solutions smart grid innovantes pour l’intégration massive de la production photovoltaïque au réseau public de distribution en zone rurale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT036.
Full textDistribution grids are evolving and facing new challenges, including the massive insertion of distributed energy resources and the modification of consumer uses. These paradigm shifts are creating new constraints that affect the design and operation of electricity grids, as well as the planning and interconnection studies. We are now moving towards more instrumented and intelligent networks called Smart Grids. In the SMAP project in particular, we compare solutions to improve the massive insertion of photovoltaic production in rural low voltage distribution networks.In this context, we develop models and algorithms to integrate different uncertainties over the next 35 years into distribution network planning methods. Four alternative solutions compared to conventional reinforcement solutions are also modeled: two types of local control of PV inverters, the active power limitation of the PV inverters and an MV/LV transformer equipped with an on load tap changer. We define different indicators in order to evaluate the performance of the solutions in terms of costs and efficiency. The developments carried out are validated on two geographical perimeters, which makes it possible to draw first conclusions that will have to be validated on other perimeters. One of the important results of the thesis is in particular the significant gain of the solutions based on local voltage control of the inverter compared to the use of an on load tap changer. The many algorithms have been developed with PowerFactory so that they can be reused and completed by Enedis
Siebert, Nils Walter. "Développement de méthodes pour la prédiction de la production éolienne régionale." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287551.
Full textThe large-scale integration of wind power can be a challenge for power system operators because, unlike conventional power sources, wind power is variable and non-dispatchable. To alleviate some of the problems posed by large-scale wind power integration, power system operators express the need for short-term (48 to 120 hours ahead) forecasts of the aggregated output of all wind farms within a specified geographical region. The aim of the thesis is to develop a framework and tools to help in the implementation of statistical regional wind power forecasting models. We first propose a framework for the characterization of the regional wind power. In this way, salient aspects of the regional wind power forecasting problem that must be taken into account when designing a regional forecasting model are identified. We then examine the regional forecasting problem from a statistical learning perspective. We define three generic approaches that can be used to combine sub-models to build regional models. The influence of these approaches on forecast accuracy is examined, as well as that of the choice of sub-models. The comparison of sub-models is made possible by the introduction of a novel forecasting model whose performance is shown to be comparable to that of other state-of-the-art models. Finally, we examine the impact of explanatory variable selection on forecast accuracy and derive general guidelines applicable in the frame of regional wind power forecasting. To ease modelling, automatic selection techniques are investigated. Two variable selection methods (a filter and a wrapper method) that exploit problem-specific characteristics are proposed. These methods are shown to compare very favourably to a generic state-of-the-art method
Izzo, Pascal. "Etude d'un circuit électronique et algorithmique destiné à la gestion de systèmes autonomes de production d'énergie photovoltai͏̈que." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20150.
Full textVoyant, Cyril. "Prédiction de séries temporelles de rayonnement solaire global et de production d'énergie photovoltaïque à partir de réseaux de neurones artificiels." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635298.
Full textGergaud, Olivier. "Modélisation énergétique et optimisation économique d'un système de production éolien et photovoltaïque couplé au réseau et associé à un accumulateur." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439079.
Full textSimpore, Sidiki. "Modélisation, simulation et optimisation d'un système de stockage à air comprimé couplé à un bâtiment et à une production photovoltaïque." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0039/document.
Full textDue to the variability and intermittency of renewable energy such as solar technology, its large-scale integration into the micro-grid of energy production remains complicated because the large-scale photovoltaic power plants directly connected to the electricity grid may create instabilities. In addition, this variability of the solar resource does not allow the use of photovoltaics for the stand-alone system. Dealing with these issues, one of the solutions for a deployment of renewables such as photovoltaic is the set-up of energy storage inside the grid. However, the most common technique is based on the use of lithium-ion batteries, which remains not environmentally friendly during the recycling or during the destruction after their use. So, the Compressed Air Energy Storage system (CAES) appears as a solution to this disadvantage. In fact, my thesis aims to study the feasibility of this kind of energy storage technology using a small and medium photovoltaic power plant, and its instant operation to supply electricity to the buildings and the unconnected areas. In this thesis, we present the modeling, simulation, and optimization of a ten-kilowatt compressed air storage system designed to supply instantly a building with real loads. The model performed reflects the dynamic operation of the overall system consisting of the building, the photovoltaic field, the electrical grid, and the compressed air storage module. The optimization carried out allows the sizing of a compressed air storage system with a better efficiency (about 55%). The integration of a heat recovery unit equipped with electrical resistance and the adding of a variable speed compression module allow the building to reach the energy autonomy as a battery system for a standalone site
Hounnou, Amèdédjihundé Hypolite Jordâo. "Dimensionnement optimal d’un système hybride hydroélectrique-photovoltaïque-stockage pour une alimentation rurale isolée." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD033.
Full textAccess to electrical power is essential for industrial and socio-economic development in every country of the world. In Benin, the issue of the electricity shortage remains a serious concern and arises strongly in rural areas of the country. Furthermore, Benin has an interesting potential in photovoltaics (PV) and hydropower (hydro), but which remains globally under-exploited. This research focuses on Optimal sizing of a Hydroelectric-Photovoltaic-Storage Hybrid System for remote rural power supplying. During this work, we modeled the main components of the hydro-PV-storage hybrid system, such as the penstock, the electromechanical equipment (turbine and generator), the PV generator, the batteries (Bat), the inverters and the converters. Indeed, the modeling and the optimization of the penstock with the genetic algorithm NSGA II allowed to note that the investment cost of the penstock (C_(inv_cond) ) increases with its hydraulic power (P_cond ). P_cond and C_(inv_cond) increase respectively logarithmically and quadratically with the diameter (D_cond ). Likewise, the modeling and optimization of the generator have shown that its total mass increases with its efficiency. As for the modeling of the electromechanical equipment cost, the taking into account of the continental factors allowed to better estimate this cost. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the optimization of different energy sources configurations, such as the hydroelectric plant, PV system, hydro-PV hybrid system and hydro-PV-Bat hybrid system. Two objective functions have been considered: the total generated energy and the energy production cost. The solutions obtained are presented in the form of Pareto front. the energy production cost of the PV system increases linearly with its total generated energy. For the cases of the hydroelectric plant and hydro-PV hybrid system, the solutions are grouped into four categories according to the number of hydropower units: {n_hyd=1,2,3,4}. As for the case of the hydro-PV-Bat hybrid system, the solutions are grouped into two main categories according to the number of batteries: {n_Bat=64,192 }. For n_Bat=64, the solutions are classified in four groups according to n_hyd: {n_hyd=1,2,3 et 4}, whereas for n_Bat=192, we have three cases {n_hyd=2,3 et 4}. The total generated energy and the energy production cost increase with the nominal turbine flow rate Q_(T_n ). Specifically, the compromise between the objective functions is in favour of the total generated energy for n_hyd=1 (the case of the hydroelectric plant), for {n_hyd=1,2} (case of hydro-PV) and for {n_Bat=64 & n_hyd=1 à 4} and {n_Bat=192 & n_hyd=2,3} (case of hydro-PV-Bat). In these cases, it is preferable to increase the total generated energy. On the other hand, the energy production cost is favored in the case of {n_hyd=2,3,4} (for the hydroelectric plant), {n_hyd=3,4} (for hydro-PV) and {n_Bat=192 & n_hyd=4} (for hydro-PV-Bat). Then we will opt for the reduction of the energy production cost
Azeli, Nourelhouda. "Maintenance prévisionnelle des systèmes de production géographiquement distribués sous ressources limitées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Troyes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TROY0017.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of predictive maintenance decision making for geographically dispersed production systems (GDPS). The structure of GDPS represents an important challenge for the establishment of efficient maintenance strategies. Predictive maintenance strategies are particularly suitable. However, the issue of the availability of maintenance resources must be analyzed and integrated. In this thesis, we propose three predictive maintenance policies considering limited maintenance resources for a GDPS with gradually degrading production sites. The three proposed policies aim at optimizing an economic criterion by selecting the set of sites to be maintained. The first two policies are based on periodic inspection data. The first policy selects for maintenance, the permutation of sites that maximizes the reliability of the system after repair, without considering the distances. The second policy constructs the tour of sites to be maintained from the available resources and the distances between sites. Finally, the third policy is a dynamic policy. It relies on real-time monitoring data of degradation levels to adapt the tour. We used Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the asymptotic economic criterion. The effectiveness of the proposed policies is demonstrated by comparison with more conventional policies
Léger, Jean-Baptiste. "Contribution méthodologique à la maintenance prévisionnelle des systèmes industriels de production : proposition d'un cadre formel de modélisation." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10114.
Full textIdir, Anis. "Procédé thermochimique de production/stockage de froid pour le refroidissement et la valorisation de chaleur basse température de panneaux photovoltaïques." Thesis, Perpignan, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PERP0016.
Full textPhotovoltaic technology (PV) is one of the most widely used renewable electricity generation techniques. However, the photoelectric conversion process generates a large amount of heat in the solar cells, causing a significant increase in their operating temperature, which has a significant impact on the conversion efficiency. When the panels operate in areas with high solar irradiation and arid climatic conditions, the operating temperatures can reach 80°C to 100°C, which also impacts their durability. Thus, the objective of this thesis work is to improve the global solar energy conversion by limiting the operating temperature increase of PV modules through an active cooling in order to increase their electrical performance and to valorize in cold the thermal energy generated by a gas sorption thermal process. The aim is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of such a coupling and to evaluate its energy relevance. A gas sorption process exploiting a saturated solution, allowing to exploit the low temperature heat extracted from the PV panels and to valorize it in cold has thus been defined, designed, experimented and analyzed. A simulation tool has been developed to evaluate under realistic operating conditions the electrical performance a PV solar power plant and cooling performance of the thermally coupled sorption process. Such a coupling, which allows for electricity/cooling cogeneration, shows that it is possible to improve the overall energy gain by 10.5 % compared to that of standard PV panels, while resulting in a small overall energy loss of 1.3 % due to the additional conversion of heat to cold
Safra, Imen. "Vers une approche intégrée de gestion de planification de la production et de la distribution : cas de l'industrie textile." Phd thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913587.
Full textBossavy, Arthur. "Caractérisation et prédiction probabiliste des variations brusques et importantes de la production éolienne." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00803234.
Full textProvost, David. "Synthèse d’architectures moléculaires pour la photoaccumulation de charges et la production photoinduite de dihydrogène : développement d’une nouvelle méthode de stabilisation des systèmes moléculaires à la surface d’un semi-conducteur pour l’amélioration des performances des cellules photovoltaïques." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4095.
Full textThe aim of this thesis concerns the development of new photomolecular systems to convert solar energy into chemical and electrical energy. The first two chapters involve the synthesis of new molecular materials to mimic the charge photoaccumulation function of oxygenic photosynthesis. Our strategy consists in the synthesis of a star-shaped molecular architecture, composed of several molecular antenna (photosensitizers) covalently bound to an organic electron acceptor, which is able to host two negative charges upon illumination. To this acceptor has been substituted a proton reduction catalyst in order to generate a hydrogen production under a light irradiation, as the oxygen-evolving complex in the natural photosynthetic. The last two chapters describe the development of a stabilization approach of molecular systems at a semiconductor surface, in the context of the conception of dye-sensitized solar cells. In order to improve their performances, this work has consisted in the synthesis of functionalized dyes which were subjected to a reticulation process after chemisorption onto a semiconductor, providing new perspectives in terms of interface stability and solar cells lifetime
Busquet, Séverine. "Étude d'un système autonome de production d'énergie couplant un champ photovoltaïque, un électrolyseur et une pile à combustible : réalisation d'un banc d'essai et modélisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001338.
Full textPour sélectionner le banc d'essai, une étude bibliographique rassemble les informations nécessaires au dimensionnement et au choix du système et de ses composants. La disponibilité très limitée de composants adaptés à notre application nous a contraints à développer de nouveaux appareils (électrolyseur, pile à combustible, appareil de conversion et de gestion d'énergie). Le banc d'essai réalisé est automatisé et sécurisé. L'analyse expérimentale évalue le rendement du système de stockage par l'hydrogène par la détermination des différentes pertes dans chacun des composants. Différentes modifications sont proposées pour améliorer les performances du système de stockage. L'outil de modélisation simule le fonctionnement du banc d'essai pour une charge et un site donnés. Il peut modéliser tout système à partir de résultats expérimentaux des composants. Les résultats de simulation permettent de caractériser le fonctionnement du système dans une application autonome, de déterminer ses performances et d'évaluer l'influence des différentes pertes.
Ahmed, Iftikhar. "Synthesis and application of porphyrin-POM hybrids for photocatalytic water remediation and solar energy production." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112070.
Full textThe dissertation is presented on 252 content pages which has been framed in five chapters and two annexures while the title page opens into a list of abbreviations followed by a foreword on the work. The core theme of the research work is to validate the extended photocatalytic properties of porphyrin-POM materials in evolving from UV to visible light range of solar spectrum. Which describing additional modes for synthesis of hybrid materials (i) electrostatic multilayer’s comprising of Dawson , sandwich Dawson type and preyssler,s POM in combination with free base tetracationic porphyrin [H₂TPhN(Me)₃P⁴⁺] (ii) an easy method of synthesis of two dimers with a pyridinium spacer (abbreviated 4-H₂–Zn and 3-H₂–Zn) (iii) Langmuir Schafer approach for hybrid monolayer. The prepared photoactive thin layers have been characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy for optical properties. Cyclic voltammetry for electrochemistry and ionic permeability studies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface morphology and its role in physical mechanism of reduction process and shape of nanostructures obtained. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to interpret size and shape of dendritic silver nanoparticles obtained as photoreduction product. Although ,the ultimate goal is the photoreduction of heavy metals (Cr(VI), Hg(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) ), reduction of a simpler system like Ag⁺ ion has been chosen as a model system due to single electron simpler oxidation reduction process. A novel application of photocurrent generation from these hybrid films has been demonstrated in the fifth chapter of the manuscript as an initial studies which has enhanced the significance of all previously fabricated systems upto by many folds .The foresaid development of photovoltaic application has paved the way for future studies to enhance the photocurrent yield further by tuning the electron donor-acceptor system. Both components porphyrin and POM can be tuned with different axial substituent’s and stereo chemical properties to achieve maximum yield of solar energy as well as diversified metal nanostructure for nanoelectronics, e.g. silver dendrites for sensor applications. At the end of the manuscript, three appendices describe successively the experimental techniques used to carry out this work, the Job method used to determine the stoichiometry and formation constants of complex electrostatic and coordination, and then finally the origin or Protocols for the synthesis of various compounds used
Lassonde, Sylvain. "Potentiels et limites météorologiques et climatiques d’un foisonnement des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX035/document.
Full textGreenhouse gas emissions are responsible of the global warming observed in recent decades. It is therefore essential today to decarbonise our way of life, the energy sector and the production of electricity in particular. Renewable energies, such as wind and photovoltaic power, have developed strongly these last years. These sources of energy have a main constraint for their development : they are intermittent and non-controllable for balancing the demand. The share of these productions becomesimportant in the electricity mix, the larger the problems of balancing the demand will become.In this PhD study, terrestrial and photovoltaic wind generation were modeled and corrected according to an homogeneous distribution of capacities across France and Europe between 1979 and 2015 according to the ERA-interim reanalysis. In a second step, a simplified model of renewable supply and the French demand balancing (MSEOD) was developed and applied during the period of the ERAinterim reanalysis from 1979 to 2015. The aims of this model is to explore the potential and the limits of renewable energies balancing depending on the cost optimisation of electricity or the minimisation of volume of energy stored.During this PhD thesis, we have shown that the cost optimisation of electricity (between 186 and 194 euro / MWh according to the scenarii) leads to a low overproduction (between 10 to 20 %) with an important storage capacity (power and stored energy - between 20 and 81 hours of the average consumption), while the minimization of the maximum sizing of stored energy leads to a high overproduction (between 164 to 199 %) generating electricity costs about twice as large (between 373 and 488 euro / MWh). Despite a strong overproduction (close to 200 % of the average consumption), an additional power (destocking and thermal production) large than the average consumption is still necessary for balancing the demand during sizing meteorological events. The absence of constraint of imported powers on the network makes it possible to reduce the maximum size of stored energy by a factor of 10 as compared to the case of a self-sufficient French production. The additional power required for the balance of energy is little reduced. This work has shown that some meteorological sizing events lead to a very low renewable production at European scale. The optimal technological mix is highly wind-powered. Between 68 and 100 % of the intermittent production mix comes from wind production (depending of the scenarii and the LCOEs tested). The use of electricity production using smaller cost (60 e/MWh for photovoltaïque and 65 e/MWh for wind production), leads to an electricity cost around 100 e/MWh for a maximum storage volume corresponding to a day of the average consumption
Trousseau, Céline. "Adaptation de la stratégie de fonctionnement des systèmes hybrides au dimensionnement évolutif en situation de production décentralisée d'électricité." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1234.
Full textThe issue of design of stand-alone systems for the generation of electricity with renewable energies is composed of two parts, the sizing of the different components, and the choice of the energy management in hybrid systems, which include a controllable energy source. If the two questions have been thus treated separately for many systems of varied sizes, on the other hand the choice of the strategy of management of the most efficient energy management according to the sizing remains an unaddressed topic. This is exactly the topic of this thesis. Applied to the interconnected decentralised production, the goal is to know if the system control strategy should be reconsidered following a power change of the components. Detailed modelling also made it possible to contribute to the discussion regarding the choice between connection by dc current or ac current, by comparisons of performances of the systems
Boussu, François. "Simulation de la filière textile - habillement - distribution : réduction de la complexité en vue d'une meilleure prévision des ventes." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-31.pdf.
Full textUne identification des methodes et modeles de prevision adaptes a l'environnement de vente des articles textiles est egalement proposee. L'application de six methodes de prevision, et leurs evaluations par des mesures differentes de l'erreur sur des donnees de vente reelles, a permis de mettre en valeur les capacites d'adaptation et de precision des methodes de lissage utilisant une procedure d'auto-regulation de leurs propres parametres. Enfin, la reduction du nombre de donnees a traiter tout en minimisant la perte d'information est abordee. Les methodologies de classification proposees constituent des methodes d'analyse des donnees de vente des articles textiles et fournissent l'essentiel de l'information pour l'identification d'un modele de prevision adapte. L'utilisation d'un algorithme genetique de classification, dont la capacite reside a explorer l'ensemble des solutions, a permis d'atteindre la repartition optimale globale
Auclair, Vincent. "Estimation des fonctions d'offre des principaux pays producteurs de pétrole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28252/28252.pdf.
Full textAbdou, Tankari Mahamadou. "Système multi-sources de production d'énergie électrique : méthode de dimensionnement d'un système hybride et mise en œuvre expérimentale de l'optimisation de la gestion d'énergie." Le Havre, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LEHA0011.
Full textThis work is funded by the "Region Haute Normandie", the University of Le Havre and the GREAH laboratory, within the scope of research activities developed in the decades by GREAH laboratory on integration of renewable energy sources in systems of power generation and energy storage. The hybrid system considered consists of a wind generator, a diesel generator, photovoltaic panels, ultracapacitors and lead acid batteries for supplying the autonomous site (consumers). The wind power generator and photovoltaic panels are regulated at their maximum power to increase the penetration ratio of the renewable energy. The wind power fluctuations are dispatched between ultracapacitors and batteries according to the dynamics of each source. The using of ultracapacitors reduces the number of the battery cycles of charges and discharges, thereby improving its life and reduces its size. Because of the battery is the weak link of the system, we introduce a method to estimate its lifetime. The diesel generator is interfaced with the power electronics in aims to regulate the DC-bus voltage while compensating the difference between the load demand and the average value of the wind power. Fluctuations induced by the wind power generator are being absorbed by the storage devices. The diesel generator compensates only low frequencies energy compatible with its dynamics. This method can improve the performance of the diesel engine and can reduce the fuel consumption. The control laws of power converters and the energy transfer management methods are developed from a study of the technological characteristics of different components of the system. The modelling and sizing of the physical system is conducted in aim to perform the experimental implementation. The power electronic converters and the acquiring system (and measuring) are realised in the laboratory. During the experiments, different sources are inserted into the system in an evolutionary way to highlight the constraints and interactions introduced by each interconnected source. This also allows us to develop solutions tailored to each situation and to continue the experiments efficiently. Indeed, the insertion of a new source generally disrupts the stability of the system and often requires a readjustment of the parameters of the overall system regulation. Analyses of experimental results show the effectiveness of the strategy proposed for the energy management and the control of power converters
Gérault, Raynald. "Etude des systèmes dynamiques pour l'analyse, la prédiction et la surveillance des systèmes de production." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20242.
Full textMartin, Alexandre. "Évaluation de la performance des règles de gestion d'un réservoir de production hydroélectrique mises à jour à l'aide de la programmation dynamique stochastique et d'un modèle hydrologique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9567.
Full textMonjoly, Stéphanie. "Outils de prédiction pour la production d’électricité d’origine éolienne : application à l’optimisation du couplage aux réseaux de distributions d’électricité." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0679/document.
Full textThe high variability of the wind speed has for conse quences that the energy produced by a wind farm is not constant over time. Therefore, the manager can't size the electrical network by takin g into account this type of production. One solution advocated for the development of wind energy and its integrati on with greater security at network, is to develop and improve fore casting tools. The thesi s objective is to improve the performance of a predi ction tool based on Bayesian neural networks, allowing the predi ction of wind power for short timescales. The predictor works, in part icular by the adjustment of parameters, sorne is determined "automatically" through the mechan ism of neural networks Bayesian other , which we cali temporal parameters are at the discretion of the user. The work involves establishing a protocol for the determination of these parameters and improving the performance of the predictor. So, we decided to condition their values depending on the sequence variability of wind power previous the moment of the forecast. First we classified sequences of power according to their coefficients of variation using the method of fuzzy C-means. Then, each formed class was tested for several parameters values, the values associated with the best predictions were selected. Finally , these result s coupled with the formalism of Markov chains , through the transition matrix allowed to obtain rates of improvement over the persistence ranging from 7.73 to 23.22 % depending on the prediction horizon considered
Zhang, Lu. "Optimisation du dimensionnement de centrales hybrides de production d'énergie électrique associant les énergies renouvelables et traditionnelles sur un territoire donné." Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0006.
Full textThe rapid depletion of conventional energy sources , increasing global demand for energy and the fight against emissions in recent years have renewed interest in the development of renewable energy sources. In this context, the objective of this work is to contribute to finding solutions to the problem of Sizing Electric Hybrid Systems Dispersed Generation of Electricity (SEHPRE) by combining renewable and conventional sources for remote sites where the price of the extension is prohibitive. Our approach has been to formulate the problem of sizing SEHPRE in a nonlinear constrained optimization problem whose main objective function is the total cost of SEHPRE over 20 years. After a review, based on a scientific literature, the energy models of various elements constituting a SEHPRE are developed based on available meteorological data. The program OPTISEH dedicated to the sizing optimization of SEHPRE was then developed and implemented in MATLAB®. This code has been tested under the design of several structures SEHPRE to satisfy the consumption profile of a residential unit on a small power site in the region of Le Havre. Finally and for each optimal structures SEHPRE obtained a detailed analysis linking these solutions to the site and energy resources consumption profile was performed and discussed their relevance
Foucault, Fiona. "Optimisation de l’implantation de centrales éoliennes dans l’environnement d’un marché à prix locaux." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM079/document.
Full textElectricity markets are in a period of intense change. This is notably due to liberalization efforts to increase the extent of electricity system’s management carried out through market operations. One such example is the implementation of nodal prices for network constraints. Moreover, the surge for electricity from renewable sources questions the operation of the electricity system. In this framework, the investment issue for wind producers is becoming more complex. Its income may go from a subsidy-based scheme to a full market participation in the short term, and more volatile according to time and location (in a nodal-pricing scheme). Bearing all this in mind, this PhD work first analyzes the impact of potential installation sites’ characteristics: load factor, and predictability (a site’s ability to enable reliable predictions), on investment. To this end, we carry out a statistical analysis on historical data from several markets, then we suggest an estimator of wind producers revenue, to carry out the same work with a less costly approach than exhaustive calculation. Then, in order to carry out the same kind of analysis, this time in a customizable framework, we build an algorithm to solve the problem of Optimal investment planning of wind turbines within a nodal price market environment. It takes into account the participation in the Day-ahead market as well as penalties paid for imbalances between the energy contracted and injected in real-time (due to forecasting errors). We assume renewable production is important enough to influence market prices which are also generated with our model, and we integrate scenarios for wind production and demand. Therefore we have a stochastic problem which we solve using Benders decomposition. Ultimately we analyze the impact of load factor and predictability on optimal investment according to the chosen setting for regulation cost, line capacities and wind data correlation
Goemaere, Loïc. "Comparaison de la production de trois technologies différentes de panneaux solaires en fonctionnement réel avec suivi du soleil et intégration de batteries lithium innovantes adaptées au stockage des énergies intermittentes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20211/document.
Full textIn a vision of sustainable development and energy independence aiming at the massive integration of the medium-term renewable energies in the energy mix, the research works are centered on two themes:- On one hand, the comparison of the production of three technologies different from solar panels (silicon, silicon with concentration, CdTe) installed into a photovoltaic power plant with 2-axes sun tracking;- On the other hand and given the intermittent nature of the photovoltaic energy and its non-simultaneity with the consumption, the development and the integration of batteries with lithium as means of electrochemical storage of the photovoltaic energy. The approach is innovative and allowed the study of new compounds of electrodes studied under real photovoltaic constraints and using various strategies of return of the energy with the aim of the next deployment of the intelligent networks. The simulations concern batteries of small sizes classically used in research laboratories but prefiguring what can be built in bigger size
Nugroho, Bambang Ali. "Les modèles sectoriels, instruments d'analyse et de prévision de l'activité économique du secteur agricole : (étude théorique et application au système de production laitier de l'Est de Java-Indonésie)." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0009.
Full textThe objective of this study is to explore the possibilities of improving production and income on small scale dairy farming activity in east java through better allocation of resources by using target motad models that involved the risk (the sum of negative deviations from a prespecified target revenue). It is frequent to use representative models of farmers employing the linear programming with profit maximization to obtain the global projections of supply. Nevertheless, given that the risk attached to results of the farm affected the decisions of farmers, it is necessary to use a method that makes enter considerations of risks in the body of the linear programming. The basic primary data were drawn from 120 randomly selected dairy farms in three areas of study based on cropping pattern (sugar canne, cassava and horticulture) and the secondary data were obtained from the dairy cooperatives and the agricultural services. The results of the study indicates a substantial potential for increasing net farm cash incomes by efficient allocation of available resources under current level of technology. The study further revealed that based on the normative plans (with the new cropping patterns), the number of dairy cattle could be increased. The result of the study indicate that the small scale dairy farmers could allocate resources optimally not only to increase cash income but also to reduce risk and to satisfy their household consumptions (milk and rice)
Calif, Rudy. "Mesure et analyse de la vitesse du vent sur un site de production d'énergie éolienne en Guadeloupe : Modèles pour la prévision sur les échelles de temps inférieures à l'heure." Antilles-Guyane, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AGUY0138.
Full textLarge scale wind power productions are usually sent to the utility networks, without any storage. However,the fluctuating nature of wind power need specific management of the utility grid, in particular when wind power variations on short times scales are considered. The amplitude of theses power variations can reach the wind farm power output. From wind velocity and electrical power measurements, we proceed toward three objectives:i) the characterization of the wind measurement signal from both the statistical and dynamical point of view : the developed analysis reveal two main catégories of times series for the wind velocity fluctuations. Ii) the set up of a model for real time wind power production forecast:we developop the tools needed for a mean wind speed persistent model thatc uses the distributions associated with the two categories defined above. Furthermore, we propose a wind speed time series generator based on stochastic differential equations that could be used to test the impact of wind power on utility grids. Iii) the characterization of the wind velocy-electrical power probabilistic transfer function for a wind farm, that includes the effect of the wind turbines scattering: we build such a transfer funtion for the measurement period studied. This transfer function gives access to probability for a wind farm to achieve a given power level at a given wind speed
Carmassi, Mathieu. "Uncertainty quantification and calibration of a photovoltaic plant model : warranty of performance and robust estimation of the long-term production." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA042/document.
Full textField experiments are often difficult and expensive to make. To bypass these issues, industrial companies have developed computational codes. These codes intend to be representative of the physical system, but come with a certain amount of problems. The code intends to be as close as possible to the physical system. It turns out that, despite continuous code development, the difference between the code outputs and experiments can remain significant. Two kinds of uncertainties are observed. The first one comes from the difference between the physical phenomenon and the values recorded experimentally. The second concerns the gap between the code and the physical system. To reduce this difference, often named model bias, discrepancy, or model error, computer codes are generally complexified in order to make them more realistic. These improvements lead to time consuming codes. Moreover, a code often depends on parameters to be set by the user to make the code as close as possible to field data. This estimation task is called calibration. This thesis first proposes a review of the statistical methods necessary to understand Bayesian calibration. Then, a review of the main calibration methods is presented with a comparative example based on a numerical code used to predict the power of a photovoltaic plant. The package called CaliCo which allows to quickly perform a Bayesian calibration on a lot of numerical codes is then presented. Finally, a real case study of a large photovoltaic power plant will be introduced and the calibration carried out as part of a performance monitoring framework. This particular case of industrial code introduces numerical calibration specificities that will be discussed with two statistical models
Camperos, Guevara Sheyla Herminia. "Statistical lifetime modeling of FeNiCr alloys for high temperature corrosion in waste to energy plants and metal dusting in syngas production plants." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0013/document.
Full textOver the last decades, the corrosion control of alloys exposed to severe and complex conditions in industrial applications has been a great challenge. Currently, corrosion costs are increasing and preventive strategies have become an important industrial demand. The SCAPAC project funded by the French National Research Agency has proposed to study the corrosion for two separate processes: Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and Waste to Energy (WtE). Although the operating conditions of both processes are different, the modeling approaches can be similar. Metallic components in the SMR process are subjected to metal dusting corrosion, which is a catastrophic form of damage that affects alloys exposed to highly carburising gases (aC>1) at high temperatures (400–800 °C).[1]. Likewise, metallic components in the Waste to Energy (WtE) process are subjected to high temperature corrosion under deposit that takes place in equipment exposed to atmospheres with high content of corrosive products of combustion. Metal dusting corrosion is considered as a critical phenomenon that has led to worldwide material loss for 50 years. A basic understanding of the degradation mechanisms is available. However, the effect of some process parameters is still not well understood in current literature and requires further study. Otherwise for high temperature corrosion, a considerable amount of literature has been published over the last few decades and the mechanisms are well documented. Also many materials and coatings have been developed. However, the material performance in different environments has not been sufficiently well understood to define suitable criteria for lifetime prediction models regarding operating conditions, due to the high complexity of the corrosion phenomena involved. Literature research in both fields revealed modeling approaches in different kinds of complex conditions and applications. Nevertheless, there are no lifetime models currently available in the open literature for commercial materials that consider a wide range of conditions and the relative weight of the variables involved in the corrosion processes. This dissertation presents a methodology to develop lifetime prediction models to evaluate materials performance under metal dusting and high-temperature corrosion conditions. Two databases were created to integrate experimental results from the SCAPAC project, as well as results from literature to enable sufficient amount of data for modeling. The databases allowed analyzing approximately 4000 corrosion rates by different statistical methods over different scenarios. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methodology was performed to identify the key parameters to create lifetime prediction models using Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR). For high-temperature corrosion, three models were obtained in the thermal gradient scenario for three families of alloys: low alloyed steels, Fe/Ni-based high temperature alloys and Ni-based alloys, showing agreeable results. For metal dusting corrosion, two models were obtained to explain the incubation times and the kinetic of pit depth growing, showing satisfactory results. The statistical models in both cases were compared with experimental and theoretical results showing good agreement with experimental findings, which allows performing the lifetime assessment of materials under defined conditions
Camez, Cédric. "Participation à l'amélioration des méthodes de dimensionnement et de gestion pour les systèmes isolés hybrides de production d'électricité, couplant générateur photovoltaïque et groupe électrogène : application dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1251.
Full text