Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Preventive health practices'
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Rosso, Stefano. "Preventive practices of general practitioners in Torino, Italy." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59292.
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This thesis comprises a review of studies on the diffusion of recommended guidelines on preventive practices and three papers evaluating the preventive practice patterns of general practitioners in Torino, Italy.The first paper presents estimates of preventive practices and perceived effectiveness of preventive interventions. Patterns of practice were found to be consistently similar to those in other studies.
The second and third papers explore an array of determinants for ten primary and secondary preventive interventions.
An analysis of determinants indicates that complex patterns of behaviours are rather condition-specific, while the application of techniques is influenced to a varying extent by organizational and attitudinal factors.
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Hoskin, Pauline Loretta Arnott, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "The health of nurses : their subjective well-being, lifestyle/preventive practices and goals for health." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 1987, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/18.
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Although promotion of health and healthy lifestyles are accepted tasks of registered nurses, the assessment of nurses' own health and health behaviours has rarely been assessed. In this study questionnaire responses from 59 female registered nurses and interviews with ten nurses employed full-time in south-west Alberta were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of items taken and adapted from the Canada Health Survey (Health & Welfare Canada, 1981) on subjective well-being (Affect Balance Scale and Health Opinion Survey) and certain lifestyle practices (pap test, breast examination, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and seat belt use). A question on leisure time physical activity was take from Godin, Jobin and Bouillon (1986). Questions assessing self-reported immune status and perception of self as a health role model for others were designed by the researcher. Data from the questionnaires were described in narrative, frequency counts and percentages. Comparisons were made among responses in various parts of the questionnaire as well as with the results of the Canada Health Survey. Interview questions designed by the researcher assessed the ways in which the nurse participants thought about health and their goals for health; transcribed interview responses were categorized according to themes; further interpretation was done on three main themes (maintenance of health as a goal, perceived lack of nurses' self-care and nurses' expectations of themselves). The nurses' scores on the Affect Balance Scale and the Health Opinion Survey place them toward the positive end of a positive-negative continuum of subjective well-being (Okun, Stock, Haring & Witter, 1984). Comparison of the participants' responses regarding lifestyle and preventive practices with the Canada Health Survey suggests that these nurses had relatively adequate health practices with the possible exception of participation in vigorous physical activity. A majority of the participants perceived themselves as role models of health, particularly non-smokers and those with post-RN education. The ten interviewed nurses generally gave maintenance of health as their primary present and future goal for health. Lack of self-care was associated by participants with nurses' and women's traditional concern for others before themselves. The participants seemed to have generally high expectations for themselves and other nurses. This descriptive and exploratory study may provide a baseline for future study of nurses' health, an indication of areas for health promotion programs for nurses and a discussion point for nurses to continue to assess their own health and the factors affecting their own health and goals for health.x, 149 p. ; 28 cm
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Malachi, Judia Yael. "Physician Assistants' Preventive Medicine Practices and Related Habits, Attitudes, and Beliefs." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/890.
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Physician assistants play a pivotal role in expanding access to care, yet research on their preventive medicine practices is limited. Guided by Lewis's conceptual model for predicting counseling practices, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between physician assistants' preventive medicine practices, personal health habits, prevention and counseling attitudes, and perceived barriers to the delivery of clinical preventive services. A 104-item self-administered survey was used to collect data from 314 physician assistants attending the American Academy of Physician Assistants' 42nd Annual Conference. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results indicated that physician assistants engaged in preventive medicine activities about half the time, believed it was very important to counsel patients on prevention topics, felt they were somewhat effective in changing patient behaviors, and reported that barriers were somewhat important in hindering preventive care delivery. Significant and predictive relationships between physician assistants' health habits, attitudes, perceived barriers, and practices were found. These findings may guide researchers, providers, policymakers, and the public in making informed and comprehensive health care decisions. This study contributes to social change by serving as a baseline for the creation of effective strategies for physician assistant practice and self-assessment. Additionally, data from this study can be used to advocate changes in the education, training, and certification of physician assistants, as well as foster medicine and public health collaborations.
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Ngoasong, Michael Zisuh. "The role of global health partnerships in shaping policy practices on access to medication in Cameroon : theory, models and policy practices." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11949/.
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This thesis argues that health policy practices on access to medication in Cameroon have been shaped by global health partnerships (GHPs), with the result that the capacity of the state has been undermined and the national health system fragmented, with no resultant reduction in the incidence and burden of malaria and HIV I AIDS. GHPs have played an increasing part in relation to access to medication in a number of developing countries in Africa, defined in terms of potential and actual access to pharmaceuticals and healthcare services. GHPs are supposed to provide a better policy response to the practical problem of access to medication by combining the expertise of UN agencies, the pharmaceutical industry, international civil society organizations, national government and local groups to formulate and implement country-specific policies. Ostensibly, they are able to bridge the gap between medical technology and the public health needs of poor societies. Neither of these claims can be substantiated. Theoretical approaches to models, embodied knowledge and social constructionism are used to provide a conceptual framework to study the role of GHPs on access to medication. GHPs are conceptualised as 'models' that occupy the intermediate position between theory and policy practices, within which are found three major narratives, based on public health, economistic and human rights approaches to the issue of access to medication. These narratives became embodied within GHPs, and are analysed to show how they shape different elements of policy practices. The operation of GHPs within a 'transcalar network', this 'social space' in which global-national-local linkages are formed and interactions take place is also examined. Global and national (country-specific) perspectives on the emergence of the GHP as a facilitator of access to medication are identified, and the role of GHPs in determining national health policy and local delivery practices for achieving access to medication for the poor and most vulnerable population is investigated. Two programmes in Cameroon are used as case studies: 1) National Malaria Programme created on Roll Back Malaria partnership guidelines and 2) National HIV/AIDS Programme created on Accelerating Access Initiative and Equitable Access Initiative guidelines respectively. The empirical evidence from this thesis supports a critical evaluation. GHPs emphasise specific medical intervention programmes, and are effective only in this narrow technical sense. Even though their efforts have not reduced the incidence and burden of malaria and HIV I AIDS, they have legitimised the direct intervention of international agencies, private corporations and civil society organizations at the local level. The GHPs' pursuit of 'quick results' has fragmented the national health system and undermined the role of the state. This thesis suggests that the key to reducing disease burden and improving public health is a strengthened national health system, one that the current GHP model does not offer. Developed to address the supposed failure of African states to ensure access to medication, GHPs have further marginalised the role of the Cameroon state, thereby reducing its capacity to protect and advance the health of its citizens.
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Snyder, Nichole M. "An Examination of Coalition Functioning and Use of Evidence-Based Practices: A Case Study of Four Community Substance Abuse Coalitions." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5393.
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There has been a recent expansion of community-based coalitions to address issues related to youth substance use. Research on their overall effectiveness, however, has produced mixed results. Recommendations to improve coalition success have emphasized the high-quality implementation of evidence-based programs targeting specific community needs. Coalitions vary extensively, however, in their organization and functioning. In addition, the lack of a universally accepted theoretical framework to understand coalition functioning has led to inconsistencies in the coalition research and the specific constructs used to describe coalition functioning.
Purpose of the Study: To address these gaps, the current study used a case study approach to describe the organization and functioning of four local substance abuse coalitions and to identify factors related to coalition high-quality implementation of evidence-based programs.
Methods: Using constructs based on Community Coalition Action Theory, the current study used coalition member surveys and key leadership interviews to produce separate case study descriptions of four participating community substance abuse coalitions. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the structure of the survey measure. Univariate statistics were used to describe coalition functioning and attitudes toward evidence-based practice and implementation. One-way analysis of variance tests were employed to examine differences across the coalitions and Pearson's product-moment correlations were used to identify coalition characteristics associated with attitudes toward evidence-based practice. A thematic analysis of interview data was conducted for an in-depth examination of coalition functioning and perceptions of evidence-based practice.
Results: Coalition members and leaders reported high levels of functioning across all of the included domains. However, several differences in coalition background and structure were discussed. Community support was described as a major functioning challenge across both surveys and interviews. Interview results also revealed several different coalition belief patterns surrounding evidence-based practice and quality implementation. Coalition members and leaders generally indicated positive attitudes toward the use of evidence-based prevention programs and strategies. However, varying levels of knowledge and experience with evidence-based practices was identified across interviews. Interviews also highlighted several factors that influence coalition decision-making and identified several perceived challenges associated with the use of evidence-based practices. Results include a discussion of coalition knowledge, perceptions, and experiences with program implementation.
Conclusions and Implications: Taken together, these findings form a basis for better understanding the current environment surrounding community substance abuse coalition functioning and implementation of evidence-based practices. Several factors were shown to influence coalition decision-making processes and overall functioning. In addition, the present study highlights strengths and gaps related to coalition leadership knowledge, attitudes, and implementation of evidence-based programs and strategies. These identified relationships can be used to guide future research and community practice. With their growing popularity, it is likely that community coalitions will take on a major role in future community-based prevention efforts across the country. As such, there is a need to design substance abuse prevention programming with coalitions in mind and to identify alternative avenues to disseminate information surrounding community-focused evidence-based practices. Identifying new ways to measure and build coalition processes, leadership skills, and structures could result in greater coalition capacity to plan for and support prevention activities, including use of evidence-based practices.
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Shaikh, Rahisa Banu. "Knowledge, attitude and practices towards preventive dentistry amongst dental clinicians in Gauteng Department of Health." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6636.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The Gauteng province is divided into 5 districts each of which have a public based oral health programme. Each district provides oral health treatments such as dental extractions with treatment of pain and sepsis, preventive dentistry, simple restorations, removable prosthodontics (complete and partial dentures) and minor oral surgery in selected facilities. The main treatment modality in most government based dental clinics is dental extractions (Department of Health, 2003). This indicates the poor status of the population’s teeth. Dental caries is a condition that can be prevented if adequate efforts are made to practice preventive dentistry. Preventive dentistry has been a treatment modality that has been practiced poorly or almost completely ignored in several oral health facilities for many years. This neglect could be due to several factors such as in adequate knowledge regarding preventive dentistry procedures, poor attitude towards preventive dentistry, lack of motivation, or lack of resources (Clark, 2011). The purpose of this study is to determine why preventive dentistry has been neglected for so many years.
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Davies, Michael John. "Socio-economic variations in preventive dental practices and reported oral health outcomes in Australian school children /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmd256.pdf.
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Ledbetter, Heather R. "Self-Perceived Coordinated School Health Coordinator Leadership Styles and Practices." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3160.
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School-aged children’s health needs have changed over the last several decades to the present day population of many overweight and obese children with health complications (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 2015). Tennessee has implemented the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) model for Coordinated School Health (CSH) in all public schools. Leading each school district’s program is a CSH Coordinator. The role of CSH Coordinators is to provide leadership to district and school administrators while effectively and efficiently implementing the CSH program (Wechsler, 2012).
The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the self-perceived leadership styles and practices of Tennessee CSH Coordinators. The focus of many public health initiatives in America is childhood health. Research conducted by the CDC has shown that school health interventions have been effective in improving physical activity, comprehensive health education, and nutrition. Good health is essential for academic success (McKenzie & Richmond, 1998). CSH Coordinators are the leaders of health for school systems (Wechsler, 2012). How these individuals implement the CDC model for CSH varies based on leadership style and practices.
Many studies exist on the topic of CSH but few consider the people leading the program (Strickland, 2012). By obtaining information regarding the leadership style of current CSH Coordinators, this research provides insight into best practices and continuing education for current and future leaders.
The study population consisted of all 137 Tennessee CSH Coordinators. Seventy (51.1%) CSH Coordinators participated in the demographic, best practices, and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Appendix A). Findings indicated that all of the CSH Coordinators self-reported leadership style was transformational. There were no significant differences reported between the degree to which CSH Coordinator identified as transformational leaders compared by years of experience, gender, school district size, education level, and number of best practices implemented.
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Slyne, Holly. "Enhancing nurses' knowledge and application of infection prevention practices." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2012. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8885/.
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Ozano, K. A. "Mind the gap! : an investigation into the optimisation of public health skills, knowledge and practices of health workers in Cambodia." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6975/.
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Universal health coverage (UHC) has been identified as a priority in the sustainable development goals (SDG3), but it is argued here that this is only possible if the health workforce is educated in, and values a public health approach at the primary health care (PHC) level. Encouraging community participation by developing a critical awareness of the social determinants of health and supporting communities to take action is needed. Community health workers (CHWs) have the potential to act as agents for social change to improve the health of rural communities if trained and supported appropriately. This study investigates the optimization of public health skills, knowledge and practices of health workers at the PHC level in rural Cambodia. It is anticipated that this study will afford new insights to inform stakeholders of the factors impacting on the development of public health workforce capacity. The research engaged twenty CHWs over two studies using a participatory action research approach. Over eight participatory workshops and a two-day training session CHWs identified (using photovoice), implemented and reflected on solutions to community health problems. In addition, ten semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders from government and non-government organisations (NGOs) to gain an understanding of current methods used to develop the public health capacity of health workers in Cambodia. The public health skills gaps identified at provincial and community levels included planning, communication, community engagement techniques and using initiative to identify and implement solutions. These gaps are intrinsically linked to Cambodian social and political structures, and cultural values which promote a hierarchical working environment. In addition, aid dependency and a lack of ownership has created a new patronage which encourages further disempowerment and an apathetic approach to independently tackling community health issues. Fragmented public health training mainly directed by international agents and a lack of financial support to develop sustainable training, supervision and monitoring negatively impacts public health skill development. Health promotion and prevention training is provided to health facility workers, but there is a ‘know-do’ gap. They view their role as purely curative and removed from the community public health agenda, thus devaluing the application of new public health skills. The implementation of community participation policies in Cambodia is hindered by a reliance on external agencies and cultural norms of respect, obedience and fear of challenging the elite. The capacity for CHWs to act as agents of social change is unlikely given the current policy structure and implementing environment. The health workforce in Cambodia has the potential to contribute significantly to the goal of UHC, however factors affecting their desire and ability to implement a public health approach need addressing. Although many health systems are hierarchical in nature, the degree to which people can innovate, openly analyse processes and procedures and suggest solutions needs to be considered. Identifying ways of supporting CHWs to mobilise and enable communities to be empowered within the contextual environment is required, as is a better understanding of how to close the know-do gap in health facility workers.
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Atkinson, A. M. "The role of the media in shaping young people's drinking cultures, practices and related identity making : studies of multiple media platforms." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/8033/.
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This PhD submission presents a series of peer-reviewed journal articles (and other supporting publications) that synthesise an original programme of research that examined the ways in which the media platforms (magazines, television, marketing, Social Network Sites (SNS)) young people (11-21 years) engage with portrayed alcohol, it’s use and related practice. Young people’s own perspectives, interpretations and experiences were also explored, in order to better understand the role of the media in shaping young people’s drinking cultures, practices and related identity making, in ways that are gendered. The underlying theory is presented, the methodological approach employed critically reviewed, and researcher positionality considered. Published findings are then presented that highlight how entertainment media, marketing and peer content on SNS act as important sources of information through which young people learn what is socially acceptable and normative drinking practice for men and women, and how to ‘do’ and perform gender through alcohol-related practice. The research found that although mediated gendered norms around alcohol are reflected and reproduced in young people’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours, young people also appropriated and rejected alcohol-related messages within their own identity making. The use of the media and social media platforms (e.g. SNS) in disseminating health messages on alcohol to young people and young people’s acceptability of such approaches is also addressed. How the research has contributed to knowledge and the implications of the research for public health, gender studies and policy are also considered. The articles presented in this PhD, supporting documents, conference presentations and public engagement, provide a coherent, significant and novel multi-disciplinary contribution to knowledge on the role of the alcohol, media, and alcohol marketing in young people’s drinking cultures, and practices, and in shaping their identities. All the research conducted for the publications was undertaken during employment at the Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University.
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Bennett, Carmel. "The relationships between impulsivity, weight, eating behaviour and parental feeding practices in children." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5918/.
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Previous research has indicated that impulsivity is associated with child weight, eating behaviour and some controlling feeding practices and that there are differences in these variables between children with high (including clinically elevated) and low impulsivity levels. Few of these studies have used a range of impulsivity measures to assess this multifaceted concept. This thesis aimed to explore these relationships and differences using a range of parent-report and behavioural impulsivity measures. Three samples of children (2-4-year-olds, 7 -11 -year-olds and 5-15-year-olds) and their parents participated in three studies. Analyses indicated that impulsivity was positively associated with child weight and snack intake (Chapters Three and Five). Links between impulsivity, restriction and pressure to eat were mixed (Chapters Three and Five). Parental monitoring moderated links between impulsivity and food approach behaviour; a lack of monitoring was detrimental to child eating behaviour (Chapter Three). Observations of mealtime behaviours of parent-child dyads in which children had high vs. low impulsivity levels showed that parents of children with high impulsivity levels used more pressure to eat, while their children made more requests for food (Chapter Four). Furthermore, impulsivity, dietary restraint and stress interacted in their effects over snack intake; children high in impulsivity and dietary restraint decreased their intake under stress, while children low in dietary restraint increased their intake under stress (Chapter Six). Finally, parents and their children with and without clinically elevated impulsivity levels differed in eating and feeding behaviours (Chapter Seven). Interesting gender differences emerged throughout and the implications of the results and limitations of the individual studies are discussed in each chapter.
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Madigan, Claire. "Behavioural weight management practices within primary care." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5384/.
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The prevalence of obesity is high and the primary care setting enables treatment to be offered to large numbers of people. This thesis investigates behavioural weight management interventions in primary care. A noninferiority analysis was used to examine whether four behavioural weight management programmes differed in weight loss at three and 12 months. Commercial programmes resulted in similar weight losses and the NHS programme was inferior at three months, with an inconclusive result at 12 months. GPs can refer patients to commercial weight management programmes, however not all people use these types of programmes. There is a need to find simple effective interventions that can be offered in primary care. Self-weighing may be one such strategy for weight loss; a randomised controlled trial investigated this. There were no significant differences in weight loss between baseline and three months. Self-weighing may be more effective for weight loss maintenance as people have developed skills to manage their weight. A quasi randomised controlled trial was used to investigate this and found encouragement to self-weigh prevented 0.7 kg weight regain. A systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of self-weighing. Overall, self-weighing as part a multicomponent weight loss intervention resulted in greater weight loss but isolated there was no evidence of effectiveness. In conclusion commercial weight management programmes result in similar weight losses and patients could be referred to such programmes by primary care. Self-weighing may be an effective strategy that primary care practitioners could advise patients to use combined with other behavioural strategies.
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Mathur, Sweta. "Behavioural risk factors associated with oral cancer : assessment and prevention in primary care dental practices in Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2019. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/41093/.
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The incidence of oral cancer continues to rise in the UK and in Scotland, with a steady increase in oral cavity cancer rates and a rapid increase in oropharyngeal cancer rates in the last decade. These rates are projected to increase further over the next decade, so there is a pressing need to optimise oral cancer prevention strategies. Tobacco and alcohol use are recognised as the major modifiable risk factors for developing oral cancer (both oral cavity and oropharyngeal). In addition, there is a significant increased risk for oral cancer among lower socioeconomic groups, males, and older age groups. Recently there has been recognition of the role of human papillomavirus in the aetiology of oropharyngeal cancers. The major behavioural risk factors (tobacco and alcohol) implicated in oral cancer risk are also associated with a wide range of diseases affecting oral and general health and are thus termed 'common risk factors', increasing the public health benefit should they be tackled. Given the pivotal role in oral cancer and wider disease prevention of reducing tobacco and alcohol use, there is a clear need to optimise the role of primary care dental professionals in delivering behavioural interventions. However, there are uncertainties about the best evidence for particular strategies and approaches to assess risk factors, advise and/or refer in the dental practice setting, with a particular lack of clarity in terms of the specific form and content of such interventions (for example: duration, tailoring to need, who delivers). In addition, the barriers and facilitators to implementation in primary care dental practice - from both the dental professional and patient perspectives - is relatively under-explored. This thesis describes studies undertaken to address these gaps in the knowledge and evidence-base. First a systematic overview was undertaken of systematic reviews and published (international) clinical guidelines. This aimed to identify the evidence on the best practice for the assessment of the major behavioural risk factors associated with oral cancer and for delivering effective behaviour change preventive interventions (in relation to, for example: advice, counselling, signposting/referral to preventive services) by dental professionals in primary care dental practice setting. This evidence was then explored via a study in primary care dental practices in Scotland utilising qualitative in-depth interviews with dental professionals, to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, and to gather suggestions to inform the development of interventions to support dental professionals in delivering prevention. Finally, a small qualitative survey of patients attending primary care dental practice was conducted to explore barriers, facilitators, and acceptability of risk factor assessment and preventive interventions from the patients' perspective. The overview shows a lack of direct evidence from the dental practice setting (one high-quality systematic review relating to tobacco prevention and none relating to alcohol). However, relatively strong evidence and recommendations from other primary care (medical/pharmacy) settings were identified and synthesised, which could potentially be adapted and adopted by dental professionals. Overall the findings show that robust risk factor assessment is an important first step in any prevention intervention. There is a clear indication of the effectiveness of a "brief", in-person, motivational intervention for sustained tobacco abstinence and reduced alcohol consumption. The lack of detail particularly in relation to duration made it difficult to make a conclusion regarding precise specification of the duration of element of the "brief" interventions. For tobacco users, though longer (10-20 minutes) and intensive (more than 20 minutes, with follow-up visits) interventions have shown to be effective in increasing quit rates compared to no intervention, very brief (less than 5 minutes) interventions in a single session also showed comparable effectiveness to the longer brief or intensive interventions. While, for alcohol users, 10-15 minutes multi-contact interventions were most effective, compared to no intervention or very brief intervention or intensive intervention; brief interventions of 5 minutes duration were also reported to be equally effective. Thus, very brief or brief advice of up to 5 minutes, should be trialled for tobacco and alcohol respectively in a dental practice setting, tailored to patient motivational status. Exploring use of the dental team is supported, as effectiveness was generally independent of primary care provider (i.e. general practice physician or nurse). The qualitative studies on feasibility showed time and resources to be the major barriers from the dental professional perspective. Dental professionals also reported social barriers for a) using cancer as a term to frame preventive consultations and b) in delivering alcohol advice which may not be welcome by patients. Professionals were willing to receive training to overcome confidence issues in approaching behavioural aspects of both main risk factors. Patients however generally supported explicit conversations on oral cancer, and were amenable to alcohol as well as smoking advice, provided their stage-of-change (motivational readiness) was incorporated. The use of formal risk assessment tools to frame discussions was broadly supported by patients and professionals alike. Recommendations are made for testing a model of preventive consultation that draws from this best available evidence and addresses barriers for professionals and patients alike to help shape practice and support this important area of public health going forward.
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Shapiro, Sheryl Lynn 1961. "NUTRITION AND HEALTH PRACTICES: A STUDY OF HOW SOURCES OF NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION, NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL, AND MOTIVATING FACTORS TOWARD PREVENTIVE HEALTH CONTRIBUTE TO THE ADEQUACY OF THE HEALTHY ELDERLY DIET." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291265.
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Rossouw, Willem Wouter. "Efficacy of a HIV intervention in the workplace, as measured by KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) questionnaires a before and after study /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092005-102002/.
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Kokab, Farina. "Understanding health beliefs and lifestyle practices in relation to social support in the Pakistani community, West Midlands, UK." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6860/.
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South Asians, specifically Pakistanis, living in areas of socio-economic deprivation across the UK, have an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this research was to explore how social networks function as a source of support and information (social capital) in creating lifestyles associated with CVD prevention in a migrant, minority-ethnic Pakistani population. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out using an interview guide and the convoy model diagram to elicit participant’s responses on social networks, community interactions and lifestyle choices (diet and exercise). A total of 42 participants across three migrant generations, diverse educational and occupational backgrounds, men and women aged 18 years and above participated. Framework analysis was used to analyse transcripts and organise codes, themes and categories. Findings distinguished a diverse narrative amongst men and women with regards to making lifestyle choices and gaining access to social support within or outside of the Pakistani community. Conclusively, engagement beyond familiar community contexts could provide greater or novel sources of support and information for pursuing (at times) non-traditional, healthier lifestyles. Understanding shifting perceptions of health in relation to religion, culture and ethnic-identity could provide primary care practitioners with a better understanding of how to treat high-risk patients.
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Gonzalez, Maria G. "Associations Between Parenting Stress, Feeding Practices, and Child Eating Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2285.
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The COVID-19 pandemic provides an important opportunity to understand how parenting stress during social crisis may predict child feeding practices and perceptions of child mealtime behaviors. The objective of the present study was to explore whether parents’ perceived increases in and overall levels of parenting stress during the pandemic were associated with controlling feeding practices and perceptions of child eating behaviors. Parents (n = 284) of 4–6-year-old children completed a cross-sectional online survey between March and April 2020. The survey assessed parents’ perceived change in parenting stress during the onset of the pandemic and levels of parenting stress during the pandemic (via the Parenting Stress Scale), as well as child feeding practices (via the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire), and children’s eating behaviors (via the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Ordinal linear regressions were used examine whether changes in and levels of parenting stress predicted use of controlling or responsive feeding practices and parents’ perceptions of child eating behaviors. The majority (63.7%, n = 181) of parents indicated their family was moderately or extremely emotionally affected by the pandemic and 56.7% (n = 161) indicated pandemic-related precautions had been moderately or extremely challenging. Perceived increases in parenting stress during the onset of the pandemic were associated with more frequent use of food as a reward (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.04 – 1.26) and for emotional regulation (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04 – 1.23), as well as low child food responsiveness (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.84 – 0.99) and lower odds of slow eating (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.84 – 1.00). Higher overall levels of parenting stress were associated with more frequent use of food as a reward (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02 – 1.08) and for emotional regulation (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03 – 1.08) but also with use of pressuring feeding practices (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.06) and encouraging a balanced diet less frequently (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.06). Higher overall levels of parenting stress were associated with greater child food fussiness (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02 – 1.08), low enjoyment of food (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02 – 1.07), and low satiety responsiveness (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93 – 0.98). During the COVID-19 pandemic, increases in and high levels of parenting stress predicted parents’ use of food for emotion and behavioral regulation, but also with various domains of children’s eating behaviors. Results highlight the need for targeted efforts to support families during social crisis.
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Roberts, Susan Jean. "An investigation into dieting practices, nutritional intake and nutritional status of a female population." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1999. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5061/.
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Bennett, Clare. "Talking to ten year olds about puberty, relationships and reproduction : an interpretative phenomenological analysis of fathers' perceptions and practices." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86908/.
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This thesis employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore eight fathers’ perceptions and practices in talking to their ten year old children about puberty, relationships and reproduction. Eight fathers, of four girls and four boys respectively, participated in face to face interviews which were analysed idiographically initially, followed by analysis at the group level. Interpretations were then developed through synthesis of the findings with the wider literature and through critical application of a Foucauldian lens of governmentality and biopower. The results revealed a tension between the fathers’ cognitions, accounts and behaviours. Their practices were largely characterised by silence yet they reported positive attitudes towards children’s sexuality education and perceived themselves as equipped and willing to take on the role of sexuality educator. They also reported enjoying open relationships with their children. Interpretations centred on contradictions and conflict between the majority of the fathers’ aspirations and the compelling nature of the childhood innocence discourse as a technology of governmentality. Whilst all of the fathers felt that it was in their children’s interests to learn about sexuality, all but one adhered to hegemonic protective discourses and unquestioningly integrated their normalising effects into their fathering practices. In keeping with neoliberalist values, the fathers wished to minimise risk which they managed, paradoxically, by suppressing sexuality dialogue. A contradiction between cultural expectations and the conduct of fathering also emerged for seven of the eight fathers which appeared to relate to masculinities, gender ideologies and primary socialisation. This study has surfaced the power of subtle coercions of neoliberalist governmentality and the childhood innocence ideal in influencing fatherhood practices. However, by continuing the silence that largely characterises father-child sexuality communication, fathers are paradoxically potentially rendering their children more vulnerable both now and in the future. It is, therefore, essential that protective discourses are challenged and fathers are supported in talking to their children about sexuality in its broadest sense.
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Al-Mohaithef, Mohammed. "Food hygiene in hospitals : evaluating food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of foodservice staff and prerequisite programs in Riyadh's hospitals, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5194/.
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In global terms, Saudi Arabia is a rapidly developing country. As such, its food industries have yet to fully implement the food safety management systems common in the EU. In the hospitals sector, the Ministry of Health intends to implement Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system to provide safe meals for patients, staff and hospital visitors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the readiness of the Saudi Arabian hospitals to implement HACCP by assessing the pre-requisites programmes in their foodservices departments. An audit form was used in four hospitals in Riyadh. Questionnaires were also used to assess self-reported behaviour, knowledge and attitudes of 300 foodservices staff. Lack of training was known to be a major omission in the pre-requisite programs (PRP’s) of all hospitals. Therefore a bespoke food safety training program was developed and delivered to food handlers in the participating hospitals. An assessment was then made to determine whether this intervention had any effect on their knowledge, attitude to food safety and self-reported behaviour. The results show that, the prerequisite programs were not implemented properly in the participating hospitals. Also, foodservices staff had a poor knowledge with regard to food safety. However, staff knowledge was significantly improved following the training (p. value < 0.05) and their level of knowledge remained stable after six months. Participants’ behaviours and attitudes also improved after the training. This indicates that, training has a positive impact on food handlers knowledge, practices and attitude.
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Nahar, Vinayak K., Meagen Rosenthal, Stephenie C. Lemon, Dawn J. Holman, Meg Watson, Joel J. Hillhouse, and Sherry L. Pagoto. "Characteristics and Practices of Adults Who Use Tanning Beds in Private Residences." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/35.
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Recent research shows that 7.7% of individuals who use indoor tanning beds do so in private homes,1 but little is known about this group. This study evaluated the tanning practices, reasons for tanning, and association with tanning addiction of adults who use tanning beds in private residences.
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Bowersock, Allison Hope. "Healing by Example: The Influences of Medical Residents' Attitudes and Health Behaviors on their Communication Skills and Counseling Practices." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72998.
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The opportunity to educate obese patients on healthy lifestyle practices and address habits related to chronic disease development is present among many physician office visits, though this opportunity is often overlooked (Flocke, Stange, & Goodwin, 1998). Understanding ways to improve the medical education and enhance the counseling skills of future physicians are of practical and personal relevance to current research. By improving the ways in which physicians counsel obese patients on weight management practices, the healthcare paradigm is poised to create an indelible mark on the wellbeing of our nation.
Based on the need to address patient education and counseling, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physician attitudes and health behaviors on their overall communication and communication skills. The study surveyed 38 second-year medical residents at the New York University Bellevue School of Medicine using the Weight Management Survey developed by NYU researchers. Communication and counseling skills were measured using scores from Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCEs) administered on the same day as the Weight Management Counseling survey. Results of the survey and the OSCEs were analyzed to investigate relationships between each survey item of three categories of questions (attitudes toward weight management counseling, attitudes toward obese patients, physician health habits) and each of two sets of OSCE scores (obesity-related communication skills and overall counseling skills).
Results of the data analysis suggest significant relationships between physicians' personal health habits–specifically dietary habits–and obesity counseling–related communication skills. Results also suggest a significant relationship between physicians' attitudes toward obesity counseling-related communication skills and overall communication skills. Although an extensive body of evidence corroborates these relationships, future investigations should administer the surveys and methods used in this study in rural as well as other urban locations in order to improve variability among medical residents surveyed and assessed. These results also highlight the need to investigate more information about the learning environment of medical residents and also the working environment of physicians, in a variety of settings, in order to provide more depth to the body of literature suggesting providers' health habits improves patient health outcomes.Ph. D.
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Manjang, Buba. "Investigating effectiveness of behavioural change intervention in improving mothers weaning food handling practices : design of a cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Gambia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7471/.
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Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based and culturally adapted community level behaviour change intervention to improve weaning-food preparation and handling in rural Gambia. Methods: (1) A systematic review of the literature on weaning-food hygiene interventions. (2) Mixed method formative research to identify critical control points (CCP) and motivational factors for mothers‟ behaviour on weaning-food, (3) Formulation of the weaning-food hygiene intervention including performing arts. (4) Implementation and evaluation of the intervention with a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT). Results: The systematic review found 4 RCTs on weaning-food hygiene interventions. Formative research prioritized 5 CCPs with 6 corrective messages and 5 motivational factors. For the intervention compared to the control arm the composite behaviour score primary outcome was 72% in the intervention versus 19% respectively (p < 0.001). Each individual behaviour was significantly improved except washing of pots dried on clean surface. There was a significant reduction of contamination of weaning-food immediately after cooking and before second feeding, of children's drinking water, of diarrhoea and respiratory symptoms reported for the past 7 days, and hospital admission for diarrhoea. Conclusion: Our public health, community level intervention for mother's hygienic preparation and handling of weaning-food was effective in rural Gambia.
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Tripathee, Sheela. "Together through thick and thin : cohabiting partners' reciprocal influence during men's attempts to change their dietary practices and physical activity to lose weight and maintain weight loss." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2019. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/41028/.
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Background: Overweight and obesity are major health problems globally, particularly in men. Some group-based interventions for men, such as Football Fans in Training (FFIT), a gender-sensitised weight management and healthy living programme for overweight or obese men, have proven successful in helping men initiate and achieve weight loss. However, there is still a need to understand how men's attempts to make changes to health practices are influenced by their social context. This study explored how men's attempts to change their dietary practices and physical activity to lose weight and maintain weight loss were influenced by, and influenced, their cohabiting female partners within the context of FFIT. Method: Separate interviews were conducted with 20 men and their cohabiting female partners 3-12 months after men had completed FFIT. Their experiences around men's participation in FFIT and subsequent attempts to change dietary practices and physical activity were explored. Data were thematically analysed, guided by Self-Determination, Social Support, Interdependence, and Gender theories. Results: All partners in this study were supportive of men's autonomous decisions to join FFIT. Each partner displayed varied levels of involvement in the process of men's attempts to make changes to dietary practices and physical activity. Men's success or failure in making and maintaining changes, and/or achieving weight loss, was described as resulting from their resoluteness for the changes, responsiveness to FFIT and reliance on/receptiveness to the partner's involvement and support. Men's participation in FFIT also positively influenced the partners' dietary practices and physical activity, as well as couples' relationships despite some tensions and conflicts arising during this process. Conclusion: Cohabiting couples' close relationships provide a supportive context for overweight or obese men to initiate the pursuit of weight loss, and maintain healthy dietary practices and physical activity. This study also highlights the mechanisms by which partners influence men's changes to dietary practices and physical activity following a weight loss intervention, and how they too are influenced in this process. It thus helps explain how varying behaviour change outcomes can occur within an intervention. This study highlights the importance, and the bidirectional nature, of health behaviour change in the cohabiting couples' context.
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Vargo, Kurt E. "Exploring Parental Perceptions of Self-Efficacy, Role Modeling and Factors Contributing to Family Health Practices from an Employer-Provided Family Weight Management Program: A Mixed Methods Study." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2283.
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Parents provide a social learning environment where family nutrition, eating habits and physical activity are largely influenced by and correlated with parental modeling of these behaviors. Increasing self-efficacy is an important component in parents being role models because theoretically, it promotes cognitive change that supports their confidence and ability to modify behaviors that contributes to healthier family practices and biometric outcomes.
Phase one of this sequential two-phase study used biometric data (body mass index [BMI], cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure) from parents (N = 37) participating in their employer’s family wellness initiative as dependent variables. Parental perceptions of nutrition, eating habits, and physical activity related to self-efficacy and role modeling collected via a survey questionnaire served as the independent variables. Correlation analysis indicated significant associations between BMI and nutrition self-efficacy, eating habits self-efficacy and eating habits role modeling. Linear regression analysis showed that nutrition self-efficacy and eating habits role modeling were significant predictors of BMI. A repeated measures t test revealed statistically, attending the family health and weight management program may help participants reduce their BMI, cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure readings.
Phase two used multiple cases (parents, n = 12) that were selected for interviews using purposeful sampling based on their scores reflecting high and low ranges on the self-efficacy and role modeling subscales from the surveys. Each interview was transcribed, coded using the constant comparative method, and individually analyzed for themes. Cross-case synthesis was used to analyze all the cases for commonality and variations. As a result of the findings, participants may be inclined to continue participating in wellness programs because the employer provides opportunities to assist families in their efforts to build confidence and demonstrate role modeling behaviors. The correlations and predictive results in phase one may help substantiate the benefits of participating in the program. Findings from phase two indicated parents acknowledged their role as leaders in creating environments that assist their families in establishing healthy behaviors and voluntarily engaged in this program because it provided assistance and projected them in the right direction for their family to be successful with health and weight management concerns.
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Ko, Celine M. "Health beliefs and cancer prevention practices of Filipino American women." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3213464.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 27, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-133).
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Harrison, Richard Lawrence. "Preventing vicarious traumatization of mental health therapists: identifying protective practices." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/373.
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This qualitative study was designed to identify protective practices that mitigate risks of Vicarious Traumatization (VT) among trauma therapists. The sample included six peer-nominated experienced therapists, trained at the masters or doctoral level, who self-identified as having managed well in this work. Narrative data was collected through interviews with individual co-participants, who were asked, "How do you manage to sustain your personal and professional wellbeing, given the challenges of your work with seriously traumatized clients?" Data analysis was based upon Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach, and Zilber's (1998) typology of narrative analysis, with a primary focus on thematic content analysis within and across participants' narratives. The research findings yielded twelve major themes that describe protective practices engaged by exemplary trauma therapists: countering isolation (in professional, personal and spiritual realms); developing mindful self awareness; consciously expanding perspective to embrace complexity; openness to the unknown; sustaining and renewing hope; active optimism and problem solving; holistic self-care; maintaining clear boundaries; invoking imagery, metaphor, and ritual; exquisite empathy; professional satisfaction; and creating meaning. The novel finding that empathic engagement with traumatized clients appeared to be protective challenges previous conceptualizations of VT and points to exciting new directions for research and theory, as well as applications to practice. Participants also described experiences of vicarious post-traumatic growth. The findings confirm and extend previous recommendations for ameliorating VT and underscore the ethical responsibility shared by employers, educators, professional bodies, and individual practitioners to create time and space to address this serious problem. Participants recommend opportunities for regular supervision, support and validation (including group-based interaction), self-care (including personal therapy, as needed), and developing self-awareness within and beyond the workplace. They think taking care of the caregivers is an organizational responsibility as well as a personal one. Although the research design precludes generalizing from the data, the knowledge generated herein may be helpful to others in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, social work, psychiatric nursing, and related health care disciplines, at the levels of education, training, and practice.
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Patail, Shoaib Chotoo. "Implications of a national immunization registry an alliance to win the race for the future care and accuracy of pediatric immunization." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2600.
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This project examines the role of immunization registries and their effect on a health care delivery system. Recent efforts to attain coverage of child populations by recommended vaccines have included initiatives by federal and state agencies, as well as private foundations, to develop and implement statewide community-based childhood immunization registries.
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Laws, Rachel Angela Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Putting prevention into practice: developing a theoretical model to help understand the lifestyle risk factor management practices of primary health care clinicians." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, 2010. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44828.
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Despite the effectiveness of brief lifestyle interventions delivered in primary health care (PHC), implementation in routine practice remains suboptimal. Previous research suggests that there are many barriers to PHC clinicians addressing lifestyle risk factors, however few studies have identified the importance of various factors and how they shape practices. This thesis aimed to develop and describe a theoretical model to explain the lifestyle risk factor management practices of PHC clinicians and to identify critical leverage points for intervention. The study analysed data collected as part of a larger feasibility project of risk factor management in three community health teams in NSW, Australia, involving 48 PHC providers working outside of general practice. Grounded theory principles were used to inductively develop a model, involving three main stages of analysis: 1) an initial model was developed based on quantitative analysis of clinician survey and audit data, and qualitative analysis of a purposeful sample of participant interviews (n=18) and journal notes; 2) the model was then refined through additional qualitative analysis of participant interviews (n=30) and journal notes; and 3) the usefulness of the model was examined through a mixed methods and case study analysis. The model suggests that implementation of lifestyle risk factor management reflects clinicians??? beliefs about commitment and capacity. Commitment represents the priority placed on risk factor management and reflects beliefs about role congruence, client receptiveness and the likely impact of intervening. Capacity beliefs reflect clinician views about self efficacy, role support and the fit between risk factor management and ways of working. The model suggests that clinicians formulate different intervention expectations based on these beliefs and their philosophical views about appropriate ways to intervene. These expectations then provide a cognitive framework guiding their risk factor management practices. Finally, clinicians??? appraisal of the overall benefits and costs of addressing lifestyle issues acts to positively reinforce or to diminish their commitment to implementing these practices. The model extends previous research by outlining a process by which clinicians??? perceptions shape implementation of lifestyle risk factor management in routine practice. This provides new insights to inform the development of effective strategies to improve such practices.
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Fathalla, Laith Hassan. "Caries Prevention Strategies Practiced In Scandinavia." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19687.
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ABSTRACT:The purpose of this literature study is to study the dental caries status (DMFT) of 12-years-olds in Scandinavia and describe and compare the different preventive strategies and methods used by different dental care personal in each country and between these three countries. To achieve the objective information from scientific literature and publications, and data from WHO database on these three countries were used.DMFT for 12-year olds in Norway was 1.7 (2004), 0.7 for Denmark (2008) and in Sweden 0.9 (2008). During the past decade, changes have occurred in the prevention system of population- based prevention to individual-based prevention. This is a result partly of the low caries prevalence and partly because of a disproportional distribution of caries in this target group. It is regarded as a smart solution to be able to access the most affected or at risk patients who have the most dental care needs.The results showed different dental personals used different preventive strategies. Choices related to the use of fluoride vehicles were also varied. There were also differences in prevention strategies between different countries. This shows that despite the similarities in the dental teams, free and subsidized dental care for children there are also differences in quality of the offering of policies and practices. All this data confirm the differences between all three countries in choice of preventive method for risk and none-risk patients. This seems to be influenced by different cultural patterns within the dental professional communities of each country. Differences in caries incidence probably could be due to different combinations of preventive methods. There is a need for more research in this area. There is a need for a consensus about which strategy and approach is most effective and which one should be used against dental caries in risk and non risk patients, a consensus in which all countries agree to implement.
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Zafar, Sonia. "Health psychology principles in behaviour change interventions : insights from practice and research." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3669/.
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The overall objective of the study was to identify factors which play a key role in diet and exercise behaviour for migrant and Danish bus drivers in a workplace setting. The aim was to develop a framework to illustrate how the individual, contextual and cultural influences on health behaviour (diet and physical activity) interplay in an everyday perspective. Data was collected using a qualitative approach. Methods applied consisted of contextual based observations and semi structured interviews with sixteen (n=16) bus drivers. Four interviews were conducted with Danish, four with Somali, four with Turkish and four with participants with a Pakistani ethnic origin. The data was analysed using grounded theory. The core category which emerged from the data was „impact of individual, contextual and cultural influences on health behaviours‟. The core category was supported by five higher order categories. These were as follows: (1) Meanings of health (2) health behaviour and the potential to change, (3) Maintaining Balance (4) Workplace influences on health (5) Positioning in the social context. Each of the higher order categories was further supported with categories and sub-categories. The analysis illustrated findings on different levels. As a result of the impact of individual, contextual and cultural findings, strive for balance through a process of equilibrium was core to well-being and health in an everyday perspective. A collection of factors from the different levels of influence played a key role on diet and physical activity in an everyday work-day context. These have been illustrated through the use of quotes and frameworks. Based on the findings of the study, future research and practice recommendations are outlined.
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Condon, Louise Jane. "Understanding preventive community health services for pre-school children : origins, policy and current practice." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/cf5dd7c3-8fef-492d-b8a4-192e4c6b98e2.
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Community health services for pre-school children have been the major universal health provision for well-children for over a hundred years. Traditionally these services have been largely delivered by health visitors, who are now community nurses with a specialist post-graduate qualification. Preventive health services for children in the UK have been increasingly criticised as insufficiently evidence-based. Criticism has led to reform of national policy and subsequent major changes to existing services, particularly in targeting services to those with the highest health and social needs. The effect of these policy changes upon the service provided for pre-school children by health visitors is not known. This thesis explores the origins and development of children's preventive health services and examines the effect of post-1989 policy changes in practice, in particular the move to a predominately targeted child health promotion programme. The empirical study used a mixed methods approach to investigate changes to local policy and practice. A national survey was made of health visitors' child health promotion practice (n=1043) which was followed by an in-depth interview study (n=25) of health visitors' views on service changes. Study findings illuminate the effect of post-1989 reforms on child health services, showing a diversity of practice across the country, and resistance to key aspects of policy and practice among health visitors. Despite a revised national child health promotion programme being published in April 2008, which addresses some of the areas of concern highlighted by this study, flaws remain which have implications for the successful implementation of this programme. These flaws reflect wider contentious issues in NHS policy-making, related to the distribution of power and resources between different professional groups within the NHS and service users. Failing to explore these issues in policy and practice reduces the ability of preventive health services to maintain and improve pre-school children's health.
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Sturk, Heidi. "Health promotion in general practice: a framework for identifying factors that influence performance /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18541.pdf.
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Johnson, Rebecca E. "Practicalities of public health practice and evaluation : the case of mental wellbeing in Coventry." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/61708/.
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There are gaps in the UK knowledge base for understanding the implementation and evaluation of public health interventions which aim to improve the mental health and wellbeing of participants. In this thesis I examine the measurement of mental wellbeing and the implementation of health improvement interventions in a community setting and investigate the practicalities of their evaluation using a measure of mental wellbeing -- WEMWBS. Methods: Using a mixed methods approach I collected and analysed i) three cross sectional surveys of Coventry residents, ii) quasi-experimental before and after outcome evaluations of three CHIP projects, and iii) undertook semi-structured interviews with CHIP stakeholders. Data were integrated using a matrix technique. Results: A total of 8188 individuals (~40% response rate) completed valid survey questionnaires in 2010-2012, while 590 individuals (~88% response rate) completed valid before-after mental wellbeing outcome evaluations in 2011 and 2012 from three CHIP projects. Fifteen one-on-one interviews were completed. I found that health and lifestyle variables ‘sleep quality’ ‘physical activity’ and ‘fruit and vegetable consumption’ showed the strongest and most consistent patterns of association with levels of mental wellbeing measured using WEMWBS. CHIP projects demonstrated associations between the intervention and increases in mental wellbeing, some of which were both statistically significant and clinically meaningful. Some were sustained at three months. Interview findings showed that the difference between the plans and the observed implementation practices resulted in some of the projects struggling to cope with the evolving and changing needs of the programme, for example moving from outputs to outcomes, introducing mental wellbeing and changing concepts of health, and the work required to achieve partnership with the local authority). The effect on programme level outcomes and outcome measurement of these struggles was a reduction in the number and quality of valid evaluation returns from some of the projects in the programme and reduced staff capacity to deliver project objectives. The introduction of mental wellbeing as an outcome measure created a momentum of change for understanding complex health interventions and outcomes among stakeholders; it assisted those delivering the CHIP programme to understand the underlying health improvement rationale for their programme better. Through integrating quantitative datasets I provided a benchmark from which to make comparisons between population estimates of WEMWBS and observed evaluation findings. Integrating quantitative evaluation process challenges and qualitative insights from stakeholder interviews allowed for complex issues to be ‘untangled’. Interrelated mechanisms affected facilitators and barriers of programme planning, implementation, evaluation and sustainability. Integrating my quantitative and qualitative findings highlighted some clear health benefits from the projects but also highlighted a lack of congruence between the documented linear, unidirectional and unrealistic operational planning which I found in CHIP at a programme level, compared to practical implementation on the ground, which was nonlinear, complex and dynamic. Conclusion: Iterative, transitional stages of programme development could benefit implementation processes and potentially health outcomes, including mental wellbeing, in future public health practice. Further research in this area should explore the extent to which complex, collective, and adaptive operational planning can result in more successful public health improvement programmes.
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Ahirrao, Vaibhav Surendra. "Overview of safety practices in foods for Salmonella prevention." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16917.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Human Nutrition
Tonatiuh Melgarejo
It will be almost impossible to find a household or an informed consumer, completely oblivious to the health risks posed by foods. According to scientific estimates, 48 million cases of foodborne illness occur each year in the United States, causing 128,000 hospitalizations, 3,000 deaths, which costs $6.4-$77.7 billion in expenses by medical care and lost productivity. These illnesses pose a very big constant, perhaps growing, threat to a vast population. Salmonella is the most prevalent foodborne bacteria with more than 1.1 million cases annually in the United States. Increased international trade and distribution, rapid growth in antibiotic resistant bacteria, increase in the number of immunocompromised consumers and changes in agronomic and processing practices poses a very big challenge to monitor, contain and avoid foodborne outbreaks. This can result in contaminated food causing rapid, geographically widespread outbreak. In the wake of numerous recent foodborne illness outbreaks, this report focuses on current safety practices established by research and available to all the consumers. It studies a significant foodborne bacterium (Salmonella), its nature, significance, prevalence, mechanism of action, health risks and preventive safety measures. General food safety practices, to reduce or eliminate the risk, common to all the foodborne bacteria and specially Salmonella, include avoiding cross-contamination, thoroughly cooking foods to right lengths of time and temperature, washing fresh produce and fruits prior to consumption and storing foods at the right temperatures. Strict regulations in safe production, safe processing and consumer awareness is highly recommended. People participation is a must.
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Madubuko, Adaku Ngozika. "Stroke Risk Factor Knowledge, Attitude, Prevention Practices, and Stroke." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4973.
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Regardless of the advances that have been made in stroke research and treatment and the overall decrease in stroke mortality, the stroke mortality rate for African Americans is still high at 45.2/100,000 and is still the leading cause of adult disability. Knowledge of the risk factors of stroke is paramount to reducing the morbidity and mortality of stroke, but knowledge of stroke risk factors has been found to be suboptimal in the African American population. The purpose of this study was to examine if there is a relationship between the knowledge, perception, and sources of stroke information of risk factors for stroke. The theoretical framework for this study was knowledge, attitude, and practice model and the health belief model. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was used for this study, and data was obtained through in-person administration of a questionnaire to willing participants in two South District Cook County, Illinois, health centers, two churches, a barber shop, and a beauty shop. A total of 273 respondents that consisted of 42% men (n = 113) and 58% women (n = 160) provided valid responses. Chi-Square test of association showed a statistical significance between source of stroke information and previous stroke/transient ischemic attack at Ï?2 (1) = 29.133, p = 0.001. Multiple regression analysis model showed a statistically significant result of perception and stroke, F (14, 259) = 22.692, p < 0.0005. This study found that stroke education should go beyond traditional medical risk factors to also explore people's perception of preventive practices. This study will contribute to social change by providing support for targeted stroke education not only on knowledge but also perception of preventive practices in the African American population.
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Wild, Andrea Jane. "Community participation in health improvement programmes : a case study of tensions between policy and practice." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2669/.
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This thesis explores the tensions between policy and practice in community participation in Health Improvement Programmes (HImPs). The HImP is used as a vehicle through which partnership working and public participation is health planning in the ‘new NHS’ may be explained, The literature review discusses key theories and models of community participation, power and policy implementation which informed the development of my key research questions and strategy. A review of the global, national and local influences upon a community participation in health planning is supplemented with primary research in the form of a detailed case study of one locality’s response to the national requirement to involve the public in the development of their HImP. A multi-method case study was employed using the following methods of data collection: observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentary analysis. The research presented identifies a number of issues as significant in affecting a locality’s approach to public participation, including: power; the organisational cultures(s) within the HImP partnership; the attitudes and capacity of those charged with developing participatory activities; and the impact of national priorities on local flexibility to respond to community identified priorities. The application of Alford’s (1975) structural interests theory to the findings provides a useful framework for assessing power relations and understanding why the HImP fails to represent community interests in the way that had been hoped. A number of recommendations are made to facilitate participation in health planning in the future, including: the need to address the national culture of risk avoidance; the need for better training in public participation skills for personnel charged with developing participatory opportunities; and the need for a mandatory performance framework related to community participation as a mechanism to ensure that participation issues are given the same attention as other nationally monitored issues.
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Jansen, Maria Wilhelmina Jacoba. "Mind the gap: collaboration between practice, policy and research in local public health." [Maastricht] : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8851.
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Hanusaik, Nancy Anna. "Organizational capacity and dissemination practices for chronic disease prevention in the Canadian public health system." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115679.
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Introduction: The public health system is of central importance in efforts to reduce the burden of chronic disease, yet there are no national data on organizational capacity (OC) or dissemination practices pertaining to chronic disease prevention (CDP) programming in the public health system. The aim of this thesis is to investigate OC and dissemination practices within the Canadian public health system. Two new conceptual models pertaining to these constructs were developed, and a survey of all public health organizations across Canada engaged in CDP was conducted in 2004-5.Method: Data were collected in telephone interviews with persons most knowledgeable about CDP programming in 77 "resource" organizations that develop and transfer CDP innovations to other organizations, and 216 "user" organizations that adopt and deliver CDP programs in specific populations. Reliable measures of the constructs of interest were developed using principal components analyses. Levels of OC, its potential determinants, and involvement in CDP programming were compared across three types of organizations and across Canada. In addition, levels of 13 dissemination-related practices were compared across organizations and independent correlates of dissemination were identified in multiple linear regression.
Results: Levels of skill and involvement were highest for tobacco control and healthy eating programming; lowest for stress management, social determinants of health, and program evaluation. Any notable differences in skill levels favoured central Canada. Resource adequacy was low overall; lowest in eastern Canada and within formal public health organizations. Supports for OC were highest in central Canada and in grouped organizations. Dissemination practices most heavily engaged in included: Identification of barriers to adoption/implementation of the innovation, tailoring dissemination strategies and design of dissemination plan. There was little coherence across organizations in the number or types of dissemination practices engaged in. Skill at planning/implementing dissemination, external sources of funding, type of resource organization, attitude toward the process of collaboration, and user-centeredness were all positively associated with dissemination (R2=0,42; F value 8.20, p<0.0001).
Conclusions: These results provide a backbone for organizational research in public health systems. Strengths and gaps identified in OC and dissemination practices will guide strategic investment in the public health system.
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Kennedy, Christina. "Feeding the family : exploration of mothers' experiences and practice." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4581/.
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A mother's practice of feeding the family is viewed as risk behaviour in published health literature where the dominant research interest lies in its pathogenic potential in the aetiology of Child Obesity. Mothers’ 'participative knowledge' of their practice, which is their lived experience as known and given meaning by them, is absent from this literature. The aim of the thesis is to address this gap in knowledge and reflect upon its significance for health promotion. The exploration of mothers’ family feeding practices was conducted by means of a Co-operative Inquiry (Heron, 1996) which I adapted as a community participatory research study with a core group of 13 volunteer mothers. This community of mothers from a former mining community in the NW of England became in time my co-researchers in the investigation of what feeding the family entailed and meant for them. There are two phases of the inquiry. In Phase 1, methods were developed to enable mothers to collect data and to engage in reflection and dialogue so as to describe and explain their practice. In Phase 2, the Inquiry process was directed towards empowering mothers to engage in transformative experiential learning. Findings at the end of Phase 1 highlighted that the mothers’ routine practices often exposed their children to risk factors linked to childhood obesity. It also identified that their reality and lived experience systematically exposed mothers to social injustice that had the potential to undermine their health. At the end of Phase 2 however, new insights into the potential meaning of their practice, led the mothers to make changes in family feeding; and to transform an alienating environment into an empowering experience of true community. The author reflects and discusses the inquiry and its findings by drawing upon theories of knowledge, practice and health; and empirical evidence of risk factors in health inequalities. This study extends the body of knowledge about family feeding with insights into the participative reality of mothers’ practice. The Author recommends health research should embrace new theoretical frameworks for inquiry with mothers to develop a more socially just knowledge of their practice that can empower both mothers and community.
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Martin, Graham Paul. "Public participation in health : theory, policy and practice in user involvement in cancer-genetics pilots." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10677/.
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Public participation is an increasingly prominent policy in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. This thesis locates one example of participation within wider debates about the constitution of contemporary society, changing welfare-state governance, and the challenges of operationalizing such initiatives. It relates the particularities of this case to practical, policy and theoretical questions. The thesis begins by considering the rise of participation in historical context, relating its aims to social-theoretical commentaries on late-modern society. This framework informs an examination of rationales for participation, an analysis of policy discourses on public involvement in health, and consideration of the challenges of making participation happen. The remainder of the thesis presents the results of an empirical study of one example of participation: service-user involvement in a programme of pilot cancer-genetics services, managed by the third-sector organization Macmillan Cancer Support. Using interview, observational and documentary data collected over a three-year period, it offers a longitudinal perspective on the practice of involvement, drawing on various actors’ perspectives. Considered over five empirical chapters are competing rationales for involvement put forward by different groups of actors, the micro-processes of involvement, and the varied outcomes of negotiations across the seven pilots studied. In reconciling the theoretical and policy literatures with empirical findings, the thesis highlights certain tensions. Policy-level ambiguities permit the coexistence of multiple discourses about the purpose of involvement, the identity of those involved, and the influence it should command, resulting in conflict as participation is put into practice. Policies designed to avoid directiveness and facilitate local discretion create dilemmas for those charged with implementation, especially third-sector organizations whose intermediary role means they must reconcile divergent views of diverse stakeholders in participation practice. The result is a situation where pragmatic negotiations take precedence over any theoretical or normative vision for participation in determining its remit, scope and influence.
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Westbury, J. "An exploration of consultant doctors' hand hygiene : practice and perspectives." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/340447/.
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Hand hygiene is considered the cornerstone of infection prevention practice, but previous studies demonstrate one group of healthcare professionals, doctors, have not achieved good levels of compliance in comparison to other staff groups. The aim of the research was to examine consultant doctors‟ practice and perspectives of hand hygiene, exploring their perceptions as leaders and role models, so as to identify strategies to improve compliance. The study design was based on naturalistic inquiry, focussing on the social constructions of participants. Nineteen consultant doctors were observed during hospital ward rounds using both a national audit tool to assess hand hygiene compliance and recording of field notes. These same consultants, plus a further two, were interviewed individually to elicit their views. Data from the 21 interviews and field notes were analysed qualitatively using thematic content analysis. Observations demonstrated high levels of hand hygiene compliance for high risk and medium risk activities, with low levels of compliance for low risk activities. Thematic content analysis revealed a strong belief by consultant doctors in the value of hand hygiene. However, a perceived conflict between political and scientific drivers of hand hygiene promotion gave rise to confusion, frustration and a lack of engagement that created barriers to leadership and acting as a role model. Differing guidelines and audit tools that did not address levels of risk compounded the matter. However, consultant doctors offered various recommendations to resolve the issues. Compliance with hand hygiene by consultant doctors is dependant on perceived levels of risk. To promote leadership and role modelling it is critical to engage consultant doctors, understand their views, employ their recommendations and recognise they are motivated by evidence-based rationales for practice rather than political mandates. The findings, conclusion and recommendations of the research study have significant implications for addressing the shortfalls of the hand hygiene agenda in clinical practice and for the engagement of consultant doctors.
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Chalmers, Karen I. "Preventative work with families in the community : a qualitative study of health visiting practice." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303521.
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Hays, Katherine. "Advanced Practice Nurses Knowledge and Use of Fall Prevention Guidelines." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1428416895.
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Mings, Christopher. "Athletic Trainers' Knowledge and Perceptions of Testicular Cancer and Testicular Cancer Prevention Practices." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1623.
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Context: Collegiate male athletes have a higher risk of testicular cancer due to their age group, an increased risk of testicular contusions, and a lack of secondary prevention education. As the athletic training profession increases emphasis on evidence-based practice, it is important for athletic trainers to understand testicular cancer and testicular-self examination as it is outlined within their scope of practice. A general understanding of testicular cancer and the prevention techniques will be important for athletic trainers to promote awareness and health behavior practices. Objective: To examine the athletic trainers' actual knowledge, concern, perceived responsibility, training, feeling of embarrassment, and professional/personal practices. Design: Cross sectional survey. Participants: 249 randomly selected athletic trainers employed in collegiate settings. 65.6% of the respondents reported being between the ages of 21 and 35 years old. Intervention: Actual knowledge, concerned, perceived responsibility, trained, embarrassed, and personal and professional practice behavior scores served as dependent variables. Main Outcome Measures: A Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between participants' actual knowledge, perceived responsibility, and concerned scores. Two one-way MANOVAs were conducted to determine if there was a difference in actual knowledge, perceived responsibility, and concerned scores that was dependent upon participants' age and gender. Results: Athletic trainers in collegiate settings had a fairly high actual knowledge of testicular cancer (X=7.62[plus or minus]1.42 out of 10). Athletic trainers reported that they should be concerned about testicular cancer in male athletes (X=7.26[plus or minus].167 out of 10). Athletic trainers had a low feeling of responsibility suggested by their reported score (X=3.93[plus or minus]0.18 out of 10). A weak correlation (r(169)=.199, P[less than].009) was found between the actual knowledge and perceived responsibility scores, and between the actual knowledge and concerned scores (r(169)=.285, P[less than]<.001). A medium to strong correlation (r(169)=.486, P[less than].001) was found between the concerned and perceived responsibility scores. Athletic trainers reported a decreased feeling of training about testicular cancer and testicular selfexamination (X=2.28[plus or minus]2.10 out of 10). Also, athletic trainers reported (X=2.71[plus or minus]2.42 out of 10) that they were not embarrassed to discuss testicular cancer. Athletic trainers reported performing either a testicular self-exam or breast-self examination on themselves (X=76%). Conclusions: College athletic trainers have a low feeling of embarrassment, adequate knowledge, and a high feeling of concern regarding testicular cancer, but report a low feeling of perceived responsibility and training.B.S.
Bachelors
Health Professions
Health and Public Affairs
Athletic Training
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Weller, David P. "The pursuit of better health: what is the role of the general practitioner /." Title page, contents and synopsis only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmw448.pdf.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Community Medicine, 1991.Result of a research project undertaken within the Department of Primary Health Care, Flinders Medical Centre ... part of a larger study which has been funded by the Research Into Drug and Alcohol Advisory Committee of the Commonwealth Department of Health. Typescript (Photocopy). Includes bibliographical references.
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McKinney, Molly A. "Perceptions and Practices of University Sexual Violence Prevention Activities Coordinators: A National Survey." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1493300384763405.
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Brandon, Amy Ford Schuessler Jenny H. "The effects of an advanced practice nurse-led telephone-based intervention upon hospital readmissions, quality of life, and self-care behaviors of heart failure patients." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Nursing/Thesis/Brandon_Amy_11.pdf.
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Rawas, Hawazen Omar. "The second chance project: A multi-level examination of secondary prevention practices for Saudi people following a recent cardiac event." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82294/1/Hawazen_Rawas_Thesis.pdf.
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The study examined the health-related behaviours of Saudi people following a recent cardiac event and identified the factors that influence these behaviours using McLeroy et al.'s (1988) Ecological Model of Health Behaviours as a guiding framework. The study was one of the first in Saudi Arabia to examine the health-related behaviours of Saudi people following a recent cardiac event. The study findings emphasise the importance of a program that integrates secondary prevention practices, educational approaches and targeted supportive services in cardiac care in Saudi Arabia.