Academic literature on the topic 'Preventive health practices'
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Journal articles on the topic "Preventive health practices"
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Yamane, Nanako, Kanto Tsukagoshi, Miharu Hisada, Mina Yamaguchi, and Yukiko Suzuki. "A Survey of Dementia Knowledge and Recognition of Dementia Prevention and Practice in Healthy Older Adults." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 11, no. 3 (November 18, 2021): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519513.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of dementia knowledge and behaviors recognized as dementia-preventive and the practice thereof among healthy older adults who are highly motivated to engage in activities. Methods: The participants were older adults registered at the Silver Human Resource Center of city A, and participants anonymously filled questionnaires through the aggregation method in January 2020. Results: The analysis included 78 participants (the effective response rate was 49.7%). All participants were aware of at least 4 dementia-preventive behaviors, and about 80% of all participants practiced at least 1 preventive behavior. Approximately 20% of participants were not practicing preventive behaviors at all. The elderly aged 65 to 74 years had more knowledge about dementia and more types of behavior perceived as dementia-preventive than the elderly aged 75 years and older. There was no significant correlation between the level of dementia knowledge and the number of types of dementia-preventive behaviors. Conclusions: Healthy older adults were aware of numerous behaviors for dementia prevention, and most older adults practiced preventive behaviors. In contrast, even with a high amount of knowledge about dementia, a small number of healthy older adults did not translate this knowledge into preventative behavioral practices. High levels of dementia knowledge do not translate into preventive behavioral practices.
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Dresner, Yizchak, Erica Frank, Michal Shani, and Shlomo Vinker. "Physicians’ personal health practices and their effect on their patients‘ health practices." Medical Science Pulse 13, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1658.
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Background: Although much has been written about the potential power of the association between physicians’ personal health practices and those of their patients, we found few objective studies of this relationship. We therefore investigated this association using objectively measured health care indicators. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to show the association between physicians’ own screening/immunization practices and their patients screening/immunization practices. Material and methods: We assessed 8 indicators of quality of health care (screening and vaccination practices) for primary care physicians (n=1488) and their adult patients (n = 1 886 791) in Israel’s largest health maintenance organization. The physicians were also patients in this health care system Results: For all 8 indicators, patients whose physicians were compliant with the preventive practices were more likely (p < 0.05) to also have undergone these preventive measures than patients with noncompliant physicians. We also found that more similar preventive practices showed somewhat stronger relations. For example, among patients whose physician had received the influenza vaccine, 49.1% of eligible patients received influenza vaccines compared to 43.2% of patients whose physicians did not receive the vaccine (5.9% absolute difference, 13.7% relative difference). This is twice the relative difference (7.2%) shown for pneumococcal vaccine—eligible patients of influenza-vaccinated versus non vaccinated physicians (60.9 vs 56.8%).When we examined the rates of un-related practices, we found that, for example,mammography rates were identical for patients whose physicians did and did not receive the influenza vaccine Conclusions: We found a consistent, positive relation between physicians’ and patients’preventive health practices. Objectively establishing this healthy doctor—healthy patient relationship should encourage preventionoriented health care systems to better support and evaluate the effects on patients of improving the physical health of medical students and physicians.
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Simion, Gabriela. "A Behavior Model for Preventive Health Practices." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31, no. 6 (May 1998): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)40288-6.
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Coreil, Jeannine, Frances Wilson, Deril Wood, and Karen Liller. "Maternal Employment and Preventive Child Health Practices." Preventive Medicine 27, no. 3 (May 1998): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0312.
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Greenlund, K. "Does provider prevention orientation influence female patients' preventive practices?" American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19, no. 2 (August 2000): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00184-7.
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Maheux, Brigitte, Raynald Pineault, Jean Lambert, François Béland, and Monique Berthiaume. "Factors Influencing Physicians' Preventive Practices." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 5, no. 4 (July 1989): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(18)31081-x.
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Horowitz, A. M. "The Public's Oral Health: The Gaps Between What we Know and What we Practice." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 2 (July 1995): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374950090022201.
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Health for All by the Year 2000 is a theme developed in 1979 by the World Health Organization. The theme includes oral health and is being promoted throughout the world. The advances in dental research make it possible to improve oral health and, concomitantly, general health. With the appropriate use of science-based, preventive regimens, dental caries and periodontal diseases can be prevented or controlled. Further, major risk factors for oral and lip cancer are known; thus, it is possible to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Available technologies, however, are useful only when they are used by appropriate user groups as recommended. The gaps between what is known about preventing oral diseases and what is practiced are often extensive. This presentation explores differences between scientific knowledge about risk factors for oral diseases and preventive regimens and procedures, public and professional knowledge and practices, and professional support for improved oral health through the application of primary preventive procedures, often referred to as "science transfer". Barriers to the adoption of preventive regimens and practices are discussed. Strategies using health education and health promotion for narrowing these gaps are presented.
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Dewau, Reta, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Sisay Eshete Tadesse, Amare Muche, Getahun Gebre Bogale, and Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu. "Knowledge and practice of clients on preventive measures of COVID-19 pandemic among governmental health facilities in South Wollo, Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): e0247639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247639.
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Introduction Coronavirus-19 is a global health challenge and need an immediate action. Thus, understanding client’s knowledge about SARS-COV2 causes, roots of transmissions, and prevention strategies are urgently warranted. Although there were global studies reported knowledge and preventive practices of COVID-19, but the information is not representative and inclusive for Ethiopia. Thus, the current study is done to identify the knowledge and the prevention strategies for COVID-19 among clients in South Wollo, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 21 to 30, 2020 among clients seeking service in Dessie town health facilities. A total of 81 clients were included from the selected health facilities with simple random sampling technique. We developed measuring tools by adopting from World Health Organization and center for disease prevention recommendation manual for assessing service providers’ knowledge and preventive practices. For data entry Epi-data 3.1 version was employed and further data management and analysis was performed using STATA Version 14. Student T-test and one way ANOVA were computed to see the mean difference in knowledge and practice between and among the group. Chi-square test was also done to portray the presence of association between different co-variants with client’s knowledge and preventive practices. Results Findings of the study showed that more than half (56.8%) of the participants had good knowledge about its symptoms, way of spread and prevention of the virus. Furthermore, 65.4% of clients demonstrated five or more preventive practice measures of COVID-19. The mean preventive practice score with standard deviation was (4.75±1.28 from 6 components). In the current study, knowledge had no significant difference among sex, education status, and monthly income. However, COVID-19 transmission knowledge was significantly higher among urban residents. Thus, clients who were knowledgeable about way of transmission and symptoms of COVID-19 had significantly higher COVID-19 preventive practice. Conclusion Our findings revealed that clients’ knowledge and preventive practice of COVID-19 were not optimal. Clients with good knowledge and urban residents had practiced better prevention measures of the pandemic, signifying that packages and programs directed in enhancing knowledge about the virus is useful in combating the pandemic and continuing safe practices.
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Saini, Navreet Kaur, Kamlesh Kumari Sharma, Shashi Mawar, Lalit Kumar, and Sunesh Kumar. "A comparative study to assess knowledge, health beliefs and preventive practices among women with cervical cancer and general population at tertiary care hospital, New Delhi." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2989. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173359.
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Background: Awareness regarding cervical cancer, its risk factors and preventive practices is very low among Indian women. The objectives of the study was to compare knowledge, health beliefs and preventive practices regarding cervical cancer among women with cervical cancer and general population at tertiary care hospital, New Delhi; to study the correlation among knowledge, health beliefs and preventive practices of women with cervical cancer and general population and their selected demographic variables.Methods: A comparative study was conducted using descriptive, cross sectional survey among conveniently sampled 100 women with cervical cancer (cases) taking treatment from cancer department of tertiary care hospital and 100 women relatives of patients with non-malignant diseases admitted in different medical, surgical, pediatrics wards of tertiary care hospital (controls). Self-developed, pretested, structured questionnaires validated by experts were used for data collection.Results: Majority of subjects had poor knowledge (78% cases and 90% controls) and positive health beliefs (83% cases and 67% controls). Majority of cases (93%) had fair preventive practices while most of controls (62%) had poor preventive practices regarding cervical cancer. There was positive correlation of knowledge with health beliefs (p=0.0001) and health beliefs with preventive practices (p=0.0469) among controls; but in cases none of these correlations were found.Conclusions: Substantial gaps in knowledge and preventive practices regarding cervical cancer were present in both groups. So there is a need to raise public awareness regarding risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer by modifying the risk factors.
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Dodds, Michael. "Research Confirms Effectiveness of Oral Health Preventive Practices." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.968.
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Abstract Lack of insurance or funds for dental services, lack of access to dental offices, fear of dentists, and avoidance of dental offices during COVID can lead to oral health problems in older adults. Brushing, flossing, and drinking fluoridated water can protect teeth when dentists are unavailable. Limiting intake frequency of carbohydrates and chewing sugarfree gum after eating add protection. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed the effectiveness of sugarfree gum in reducing caries, in children and adults who chewed sugarfree gum compared with those who did not chew. Chewing sugarfree gum significantly reduced caries increment, with a prevented fraction of 28 percent, roughly equivalent to the prevented fractions for fluoride toothpastes and supplements. A follow-up systematic review provides further evidence that chewing sugarfree gum reduces the numbers of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity. Finally, chewing sugarfree gum could alleviate symptoms of xerostomia and may reduce caries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Preventive health practices"
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Rosso, Stefano. "Preventive practices of general practitioners in Torino, Italy." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59292.
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This thesis comprises a review of studies on the diffusion of recommended guidelines on preventive practices and three papers evaluating the preventive practice patterns of general practitioners in Torino, Italy.The first paper presents estimates of preventive practices and perceived effectiveness of preventive interventions. Patterns of practice were found to be consistently similar to those in other studies.
The second and third papers explore an array of determinants for ten primary and secondary preventive interventions.
An analysis of determinants indicates that complex patterns of behaviours are rather condition-specific, while the application of techniques is influenced to a varying extent by organizational and attitudinal factors.
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Hoskin, Pauline Loretta Arnott, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "The health of nurses : their subjective well-being, lifestyle/preventive practices and goals for health." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 1987, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/18.
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Although promotion of health and healthy lifestyles are accepted tasks of registered nurses, the assessment of nurses' own health and health behaviours has rarely been assessed. In this study questionnaire responses from 59 female registered nurses and interviews with ten nurses employed full-time in south-west Alberta were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of items taken and adapted from the Canada Health Survey (Health & Welfare Canada, 1981) on subjective well-being (Affect Balance Scale and Health Opinion Survey) and certain lifestyle practices (pap test, breast examination, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and seat belt use). A question on leisure time physical activity was take from Godin, Jobin and Bouillon (1986). Questions assessing self-reported immune status and perception of self as a health role model for others were designed by the researcher. Data from the questionnaires were described in narrative, frequency counts and percentages. Comparisons were made among responses in various parts of the questionnaire as well as with the results of the Canada Health Survey. Interview questions designed by the researcher assessed the ways in which the nurse participants thought about health and their goals for health; transcribed interview responses were categorized according to themes; further interpretation was done on three main themes (maintenance of health as a goal, perceived lack of nurses' self-care and nurses' expectations of themselves). The nurses' scores on the Affect Balance Scale and the Health Opinion Survey place them toward the positive end of a positive-negative continuum of subjective well-being (Okun, Stock, Haring & Witter, 1984). Comparison of the participants' responses regarding lifestyle and preventive practices with the Canada Health Survey suggests that these nurses had relatively adequate health practices with the possible exception of participation in vigorous physical activity. A majority of the participants perceived themselves as role models of health, particularly non-smokers and those with post-RN education. The ten interviewed nurses generally gave maintenance of health as their primary present and future goal for health. Lack of self-care was associated by participants with nurses' and women's traditional concern for others before themselves. The participants seemed to have generally high expectations for themselves and other nurses. This descriptive and exploratory study may provide a baseline for future study of nurses' health, an indication of areas for health promotion programs for nurses and a discussion point for nurses to continue to assess their own health and the factors affecting their own health and goals for health.x, 149 p. ; 28 cm
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Malachi, Judia Yael. "Physician Assistants' Preventive Medicine Practices and Related Habits, Attitudes, and Beliefs." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/890.
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Physician assistants play a pivotal role in expanding access to care, yet research on their preventive medicine practices is limited. Guided by Lewis's conceptual model for predicting counseling practices, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between physician assistants' preventive medicine practices, personal health habits, prevention and counseling attitudes, and perceived barriers to the delivery of clinical preventive services. A 104-item self-administered survey was used to collect data from 314 physician assistants attending the American Academy of Physician Assistants' 42nd Annual Conference. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results indicated that physician assistants engaged in preventive medicine activities about half the time, believed it was very important to counsel patients on prevention topics, felt they were somewhat effective in changing patient behaviors, and reported that barriers were somewhat important in hindering preventive care delivery. Significant and predictive relationships between physician assistants' health habits, attitudes, perceived barriers, and practices were found. These findings may guide researchers, providers, policymakers, and the public in making informed and comprehensive health care decisions. This study contributes to social change by serving as a baseline for the creation of effective strategies for physician assistant practice and self-assessment. Additionally, data from this study can be used to advocate changes in the education, training, and certification of physician assistants, as well as foster medicine and public health collaborations.
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Ngoasong, Michael Zisuh. "The role of global health partnerships in shaping policy practices on access to medication in Cameroon : theory, models and policy practices." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11949/.
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This thesis argues that health policy practices on access to medication in Cameroon have been shaped by global health partnerships (GHPs), with the result that the capacity of the state has been undermined and the national health system fragmented, with no resultant reduction in the incidence and burden of malaria and HIV I AIDS. GHPs have played an increasing part in relation to access to medication in a number of developing countries in Africa, defined in terms of potential and actual access to pharmaceuticals and healthcare services. GHPs are supposed to provide a better policy response to the practical problem of access to medication by combining the expertise of UN agencies, the pharmaceutical industry, international civil society organizations, national government and local groups to formulate and implement country-specific policies. Ostensibly, they are able to bridge the gap between medical technology and the public health needs of poor societies. Neither of these claims can be substantiated. Theoretical approaches to models, embodied knowledge and social constructionism are used to provide a conceptual framework to study the role of GHPs on access to medication. GHPs are conceptualised as 'models' that occupy the intermediate position between theory and policy practices, within which are found three major narratives, based on public health, economistic and human rights approaches to the issue of access to medication. These narratives became embodied within GHPs, and are analysed to show how they shape different elements of policy practices. The operation of GHPs within a 'transcalar network', this 'social space' in which global-national-local linkages are formed and interactions take place is also examined. Global and national (country-specific) perspectives on the emergence of the GHP as a facilitator of access to medication are identified, and the role of GHPs in determining national health policy and local delivery practices for achieving access to medication for the poor and most vulnerable population is investigated. Two programmes in Cameroon are used as case studies: 1) National Malaria Programme created on Roll Back Malaria partnership guidelines and 2) National HIV/AIDS Programme created on Accelerating Access Initiative and Equitable Access Initiative guidelines respectively. The empirical evidence from this thesis supports a critical evaluation. GHPs emphasise specific medical intervention programmes, and are effective only in this narrow technical sense. Even though their efforts have not reduced the incidence and burden of malaria and HIV I AIDS, they have legitimised the direct intervention of international agencies, private corporations and civil society organizations at the local level. The GHPs' pursuit of 'quick results' has fragmented the national health system and undermined the role of the state. This thesis suggests that the key to reducing disease burden and improving public health is a strengthened national health system, one that the current GHP model does not offer. Developed to address the supposed failure of African states to ensure access to medication, GHPs have further marginalised the role of the Cameroon state, thereby reducing its capacity to protect and advance the health of its citizens.
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Snyder, Nichole M. "An Examination of Coalition Functioning and Use of Evidence-Based Practices: A Case Study of Four Community Substance Abuse Coalitions." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5393.
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There has been a recent expansion of community-based coalitions to address issues related to youth substance use. Research on their overall effectiveness, however, has produced mixed results. Recommendations to improve coalition success have emphasized the high-quality implementation of evidence-based programs targeting specific community needs. Coalitions vary extensively, however, in their organization and functioning. In addition, the lack of a universally accepted theoretical framework to understand coalition functioning has led to inconsistencies in the coalition research and the specific constructs used to describe coalition functioning.
Purpose of the Study: To address these gaps, the current study used a case study approach to describe the organization and functioning of four local substance abuse coalitions and to identify factors related to coalition high-quality implementation of evidence-based programs.
Methods: Using constructs based on Community Coalition Action Theory, the current study used coalition member surveys and key leadership interviews to produce separate case study descriptions of four participating community substance abuse coalitions. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the structure of the survey measure. Univariate statistics were used to describe coalition functioning and attitudes toward evidence-based practice and implementation. One-way analysis of variance tests were employed to examine differences across the coalitions and Pearson's product-moment correlations were used to identify coalition characteristics associated with attitudes toward evidence-based practice. A thematic analysis of interview data was conducted for an in-depth examination of coalition functioning and perceptions of evidence-based practice.
Results: Coalition members and leaders reported high levels of functioning across all of the included domains. However, several differences in coalition background and structure were discussed. Community support was described as a major functioning challenge across both surveys and interviews. Interview results also revealed several different coalition belief patterns surrounding evidence-based practice and quality implementation. Coalition members and leaders generally indicated positive attitudes toward the use of evidence-based prevention programs and strategies. However, varying levels of knowledge and experience with evidence-based practices was identified across interviews. Interviews also highlighted several factors that influence coalition decision-making and identified several perceived challenges associated with the use of evidence-based practices. Results include a discussion of coalition knowledge, perceptions, and experiences with program implementation.
Conclusions and Implications: Taken together, these findings form a basis for better understanding the current environment surrounding community substance abuse coalition functioning and implementation of evidence-based practices. Several factors were shown to influence coalition decision-making processes and overall functioning. In addition, the present study highlights strengths and gaps related to coalition leadership knowledge, attitudes, and implementation of evidence-based programs and strategies. These identified relationships can be used to guide future research and community practice. With their growing popularity, it is likely that community coalitions will take on a major role in future community-based prevention efforts across the country. As such, there is a need to design substance abuse prevention programming with coalitions in mind and to identify alternative avenues to disseminate information surrounding community-focused evidence-based practices. Identifying new ways to measure and build coalition processes, leadership skills, and structures could result in greater coalition capacity to plan for and support prevention activities, including use of evidence-based practices.
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Shaikh, Rahisa Banu. "Knowledge, attitude and practices towards preventive dentistry amongst dental clinicians in Gauteng Department of Health." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6636.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The Gauteng province is divided into 5 districts each of which have a public based oral health programme. Each district provides oral health treatments such as dental extractions with treatment of pain and sepsis, preventive dentistry, simple restorations, removable prosthodontics (complete and partial dentures) and minor oral surgery in selected facilities. The main treatment modality in most government based dental clinics is dental extractions (Department of Health, 2003). This indicates the poor status of the population’s teeth. Dental caries is a condition that can be prevented if adequate efforts are made to practice preventive dentistry. Preventive dentistry has been a treatment modality that has been practiced poorly or almost completely ignored in several oral health facilities for many years. This neglect could be due to several factors such as in adequate knowledge regarding preventive dentistry procedures, poor attitude towards preventive dentistry, lack of motivation, or lack of resources (Clark, 2011). The purpose of this study is to determine why preventive dentistry has been neglected for so many years.
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Davies, Michael John. "Socio-economic variations in preventive dental practices and reported oral health outcomes in Australian school children /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmd256.pdf.
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Ledbetter, Heather R. "Self-Perceived Coordinated School Health Coordinator Leadership Styles and Practices." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3160.
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School-aged children’s health needs have changed over the last several decades to the present day population of many overweight and obese children with health complications (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 2015). Tennessee has implemented the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) model for Coordinated School Health (CSH) in all public schools. Leading each school district’s program is a CSH Coordinator. The role of CSH Coordinators is to provide leadership to district and school administrators while effectively and efficiently implementing the CSH program (Wechsler, 2012).
The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the self-perceived leadership styles and practices of Tennessee CSH Coordinators. The focus of many public health initiatives in America is childhood health. Research conducted by the CDC has shown that school health interventions have been effective in improving physical activity, comprehensive health education, and nutrition. Good health is essential for academic success (McKenzie & Richmond, 1998). CSH Coordinators are the leaders of health for school systems (Wechsler, 2012). How these individuals implement the CDC model for CSH varies based on leadership style and practices.
Many studies exist on the topic of CSH but few consider the people leading the program (Strickland, 2012). By obtaining information regarding the leadership style of current CSH Coordinators, this research provides insight into best practices and continuing education for current and future leaders.
The study population consisted of all 137 Tennessee CSH Coordinators. Seventy (51.1%) CSH Coordinators participated in the demographic, best practices, and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Appendix A). Findings indicated that all of the CSH Coordinators self-reported leadership style was transformational. There were no significant differences reported between the degree to which CSH Coordinator identified as transformational leaders compared by years of experience, gender, school district size, education level, and number of best practices implemented.
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Slyne, Holly. "Enhancing nurses' knowledge and application of infection prevention practices." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2012. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8885/.
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Ozano, K. A. "Mind the gap! : an investigation into the optimisation of public health skills, knowledge and practices of health workers in Cambodia." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6975/.
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Universal health coverage (UHC) has been identified as a priority in the sustainable development goals (SDG3), but it is argued here that this is only possible if the health workforce is educated in, and values a public health approach at the primary health care (PHC) level. Encouraging community participation by developing a critical awareness of the social determinants of health and supporting communities to take action is needed. Community health workers (CHWs) have the potential to act as agents for social change to improve the health of rural communities if trained and supported appropriately. This study investigates the optimization of public health skills, knowledge and practices of health workers at the PHC level in rural Cambodia. It is anticipated that this study will afford new insights to inform stakeholders of the factors impacting on the development of public health workforce capacity. The research engaged twenty CHWs over two studies using a participatory action research approach. Over eight participatory workshops and a two-day training session CHWs identified (using photovoice), implemented and reflected on solutions to community health problems. In addition, ten semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders from government and non-government organisations (NGOs) to gain an understanding of current methods used to develop the public health capacity of health workers in Cambodia. The public health skills gaps identified at provincial and community levels included planning, communication, community engagement techniques and using initiative to identify and implement solutions. These gaps are intrinsically linked to Cambodian social and political structures, and cultural values which promote a hierarchical working environment. In addition, aid dependency and a lack of ownership has created a new patronage which encourages further disempowerment and an apathetic approach to independently tackling community health issues. Fragmented public health training mainly directed by international agents and a lack of financial support to develop sustainable training, supervision and monitoring negatively impacts public health skill development. Health promotion and prevention training is provided to health facility workers, but there is a ‘know-do’ gap. They view their role as purely curative and removed from the community public health agenda, thus devaluing the application of new public health skills. The implementation of community participation policies in Cambodia is hindered by a reliance on external agencies and cultural norms of respect, obedience and fear of challenging the elite. The capacity for CHWs to act as agents of social change is unlikely given the current policy structure and implementing environment. The health workforce in Cambodia has the potential to contribute significantly to the goal of UHC, however factors affecting their desire and ability to implement a public health approach need addressing. Although many health systems are hierarchical in nature, the degree to which people can innovate, openly analyse processes and procedures and suggest solutions needs to be considered. Identifying ways of supporting CHWs to mobilise and enable communities to be empowered within the contextual environment is required, as is a better understanding of how to close the know-do gap in health facility workers.
Books on the topic "Preventive health practices"
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Primary prevention practices. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1996.
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1924-, Woods George T., ed. Practices in veterinary public health and preventive medicine in the United States. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1986.
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American Hospital Association. Special Committee on AIDS/HIV Infection Policy. AIDS/HIV infection: Recommendations for health care practices and public policy. Chicago: American Hospital Association, 1988.
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Jacobson, Miriam. Business, babies & the bottom line: Corporate innovations and best practices in maternal and child health. Washington, D.C. (777 N. Capitol St., N.E., Suite 800, Washington, D.C. 20002): National Business Partnership to Improve Family Health, Washington Business Group on Health, 1996.
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United States. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion., ed. The clinician's handbook of preventive services: Put Prevention Into Practice. Alexandria, Va: International Medical Pub., 1994.
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Rick, Irvin T., ed. Emergency response and hazardous chemical management: Principles and practices. Delray Beach, FL: St. Lucie Press, 1996.
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1916-, Katz Alfred H., Hermalin Jared, and Hess Robert 1948-, eds. Prevention and health: Directions for policy and practice. New York: Haworth Press, 1987.
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Preventing mental illness in practice. London: Tavistock/Routledge, 1992.
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Preventing mental illness in practice. London: Routledge, 1994.
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J, Resnick Robert, and Rozensky Ronald H, eds. Health psychology through the life span: Practice and research opportunities. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Preventive health practices"
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Ewert, Alan W., Denise S. Mitten, and Jillisa R. Overholt. "Conclusions and desired future: take a park, not a pill." In Health and natural landscapes: concepts and applications, 96–109. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245400.0008.
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Abstract This book chapter seeks to answer questions from: research and evidence, developing a sustainable and desired future, health needs and aspirations, the role of natural landscapes. Premised on the chapters of this book, these guiding principles highlight the importance of natural landscapes to human and planetary health: (1) humans modify landscapes, or our surroundings, and there is a reciprocal influence between human health and landscape health (2) worldviews are not fixed and are influential in the ways societies interact with landscapes. Current dominant worldviews represent a small sliver of history; we can make other choices. (3) Human induced environmental devastation negatively influences wellbeing, especially among the most disenfranchised. Attending to relationships and reciprocity as well as feelings of loss and grief are part of the solution. (4) Healthy intact landscapes can promote wellbeing through restorative, preventive, and therapeutic mechanisms. (5) An extensive body of research exists, but further research and systematic investigation is needed to more fully understand the effects of interactions between humans and their landscapes. (6) Intentional practices and programs through education, recreation, socialisation, and lifestyle can help us develop healthy relationships with our landscapes. Ancient beneficial practices can be recovered and relearned. and (7) Intentional design choices can enhance the places where we live and work promoting the health benefits of nature in urban areas also supports human wellbeing.
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Yavuzcan Yildiz, Hijran, Vladimir Radosavljevic, Giuliana Parisi, and Aleksandar Cvetkovikj. "Insight into Risks in Aquatic Animal Health in Aquaponics." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 435–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_17.
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AbstractIncreased public interest in aquaponics necessitates a greater need to monitor fish health to minimize risk of infectious and non-infectious disease outbreaks which result from problematic biosecurity. Fish losses due to health and disease, as well as reporting of poor management practices and quality in produce, which could in a worst-case scenario affect human health, can lead to serious economic and reputational vulnerability for the aquaponics industry. The complexity of aquaponic systems prevents using many antimicrobial/antiparasitic agents or disinfectants to eradicate diseases or parasites. In this chapter, we provide an overview of potential hazards in terms of risks related to aquatic animal health and describe preventive approaches specific to aquaponic systems.
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Whalen, Christian. "Article 24: The Right to Health." In Monitoring State Compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 205–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84647-3_22.
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AbstractArticle 24 reflects the perspective of the drafters that the right to health cannot be understood in narrow bio-medical terms or limited to the delivery of health services. Rather, in its reference, for example, to food, water, sanitation, and environmental dangers, it recognises the wider social and economic factors that influence and impact on the child’s state of health. Thus, the text of Article 24 sets out: a broad right to health for all children combined with a right of access to health services a priority focus on measures to address infant and child mortality, the provision of primary health care, nutritious food and clean drinking water, pre-natal and post-natal care, and preventive health care, including family planning the need for effective measures to abolish traditional practices harmful to children’s health a specific obligation on States Parties to cooperate internationally towards the realisation of the child’s right to health everywhere, having particular regard to the needs of developing countries. The right to health is a prime example of the interelatedness of child rights as it is contingent upon and informed by the realization of so many other rights guaranteed to children under the convention. This chapter analyses the child’s right to health in relation to four essential attributes. The first attribute of the child’s right to the highest attainable standard of health emphasizes what an exacting standard this human rights norm contains. Taking a social determinants of health perspective the right entails not just access to health services but programmatic supports in sanitation, transportation, education and other fields to guarantee the enjoyment of health. The second attribute focuses on the Basic minimum criteria of the right to health as reflected in Article 24(2). A third attribute is the insistence upon child health accountability mechanisms using the Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality Accountability Framework. Finally, given the wide discrepancies in enjoyment of children’s right to health across the globe, a fourth attribute focuses upon international cooperation to ensure equal access to the right to health.
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Connelly, Julia E. "Periodic Health Examination." In Prevention in Clinical Practice, 419–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5356-0_26.
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Fry, John, Kenneth Scott, and Pauline Jeffree. "Disease Prevention and Health Promotion ?" In Practice Management Compendium, 127–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2173-3_4.
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Smith, Robert P., and James A. Wolff. "Health Advice for International Travelers." In Prevention in Clinical Practice, 287–305. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5356-0_20.
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DeFriese, Gordon H., and Jonathan E. Fielding. "Health Risk Assessment and the Clinical Practice of Preventive Medicine." In Preventing Disease, 460–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3280-3_46.
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Jeffree, Pauline. "Promotion of health and prevention of disease." In The Practice Nurse, 105–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6876-0_8.
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Kaltenstadler, Kristin L., and Corinne Lehmann. "Adolescent Preventive Care for Healthy Teens." In Practical Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 119–24. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118538555.ch21.
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Whitehead, Dean. "A Hospital Nursing Based Osteoporosis Prevention Study: Action Research in Action." In Health Promoting Practice, 71–83. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20995-4_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Preventive health practices"
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Choi, Young-Soon, and Su-Jin Won. "Effects of Preventive Health Behavior Practices on Health Assessment of Big Data." In 10th International Workshop on Healthcare and Nursing 2016. Global Vision School Publication, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/asehl.2016.7.04.
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Draušnik, Željka, Urelija Rodin, Ivan Cerovečki, and Aida Mujkić. "20 Preventive health care of infants and preschool children in primary health care practices in croatia in 2018." In 10th Europaediatrics Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, 7–9 October 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-europaediatrics.20.
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Andriyaningtiyas, Yudi, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo, and Bhisma Murti. "Path Analysis on the Determinants of Tertiary Preventive Behavior among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Application of Theory of Planned Behavior And Social Cognitive Theory." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.02.55.
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Background: Global diabetes prevalence increases by 48%. Primary prevention is particularly important in type 2 diabetes, because the time of diagnosis and the severity of the disease course can be influenced beneficially by changing daily lifestyle and dietary practices. The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of tertiary preventive behavior among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using theory of planned behavior, social cognitive theory, and path model. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at 25 community health centers in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A sample of 200 patients with type 2 DM was selected by exhaustive sampling. The dependent variable was tertiary preventive behavior toward type 2 DM. The independent variables were intention, attitude, self-efficacy, experience, modeling, self-regulation, outcome expectation, and subjective norm. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results: Tertiary preventive behavior toward type 2 DM was directly increased by strong intention (b= 1.29; 95% CI= 0.48 to 2.10; p= 0.002), positive attitude (b= 2.06; 95% CI= 1.26 to 2.85; p<0.001), strong self-efficacy (b= 1.38; 95% CI= 0.59 to 2.18; p= 0.001), and strong modeling (b= 1.52; 95% CI= 0.66 to 2.37; p= 0.001). It was indirectly affected by good experience, self-regulation, positive outcome expectation, and supportive subjective norm. Conclusion: Tertiary preventive behavior toward type 2 DM was directly increased by strong intention, positive attitude, strong self-efficacy, and strong modeling. It was indirectly affected by good experience, self-regulation, positive outcome expectation, and supportive subjective norm. Keywords: tertiary preventive behavior, type 2 diabetes mellitus Correspondence: YudiAndriyaningtiyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: yudi.andriyaning-tiyas@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281392704899. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.02.55
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Buchbinder, Stephanie, Nicole Asa, Tyler Bonnell, Brianna Mills, and Alyson Littman. "051 Assessing engagement with preventive health behaviors and safe firearm storage practices using the 2017 behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) survey." In SAVIR 2022 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2022-savir.45.
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Bases, Gary J. "Health and Safety Issues on Brick, Refractory and Insulation." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1683.
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The steam and power generating industries, like most, have to pay close attention to health and safety issues pertinent to its industry components. Each component of the boiler island has some special and unique issues that must be addressed. Brick, refractory, and insulation are no exception. They have very specific health and safety issues on just about every type of refractory and insulation material available on the market today. Not to mention the health and safety issues associated with the materials of products no longer manufactured but still found on existing construction. These industries must know about the health and safety issues associated with the products to be installed at their facilities. They must also familiarize themselves with those products that exist on their boilers. Ignorance is not an excuse and will save them no money when and if someone breaches an area that has a material that presents a health or safety issue. Proper material selection and proper preventive practices will prevent any potentially dangerous and health threatening issues. Paying close attention and following all health and safety requirements will protect the health and safety of those working in and around brick, refractory and insulation materials.
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Khalid, Adeela, Michael Felfernig, Ajaz Purra, Francis Eric Ramirez, Mariam Alshamsi, and Zafar Dwedari. "Shifting Paradigm of Mental Hygiene; A Novel Approach to Mitigate Workers' Distress in Oil and Gas Industry." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210788-ms.
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Abstract The objective of this paper is to advocate the practice of mental hygiene as an occupational health and safety solution to safeguard mental health and enhance psychological resilience of the workforce in the oil and gas industry. The oil and gas industry is a highly-demanding industry with its inherent environmental and psychological challenges posing a certain risk to employees' mental health. In addition, varied responses to psychological factors of the workforce may also increase the risk to mental health. A comparative study has shown that anxiety and depression is more prevalent among workers in the oil and gas industry in comparison to the general population(1). The reason behind this is particular pressure to avoid mistakes in the industry. There are serious consequences of mistakes in this industry including loss of lives and harm to the environment. In addition, offshore workers also experience isolation, loneliness, frustration and dissatisfaction stemming from working remotely, away from family. Unum Group conducted a claim analysis in the oil & gas extraction industry that showed that 26 percent of incapacity claims between 2014 and 2018 are caused by mental and psychological issues(2). The growing acknowledgment of the role of stressors in the workplace on mental health accentuates the importance of preventive psychological strategies. Mental hygiene is a preventive measure for sustaining good emotional health by developing and maintaining certain behavioral, social, and emotional skills. This paper highlights some of the mental hygiene practices considering the pertinence and aptness to the unique work environment of the oil and gas industry.
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Jayasekera, Jinani, and Eberechukwu Onukwugha. "Abstract B80: Racial differences in prostate cancer screening practices in U.S. ambulatory care settings prior to and following U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations in 2008." In Abstracts: Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; December 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp13-b80.
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Aflahiyah, Shiva, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo, and Hanung Prasetya. "A Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Prenatal Yoga in Reducing Cortisol Hormone in Pregnancy." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.47.
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ABSTRACT Backgrund: A growing body of evidence suggests that activity of the stress-responsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its end-product cortisol also may be associated with perinatal emotional well-being. A number of preventive interventions, such as Yoga, targeting psychosocial and physiological risk factors for perinatal depression have utilized mind-body practices, which embody the idea that the mind interacts with the body to influence physical functioning, improve symptoms, and promote health. This study aimed to investigate effectiveness of prenatal yoga in reducing cortisol hormone in pregnancy Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. This study collected published articles during 2000 to 2020 from PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Proquest, and Chocrane electronic databases. The inclusion criteria were full text, randomized controlled trial, and prenatal yoga intervention. The study subjects were pregnant women who received prenatal yoga for 8 to 20 weeks. Outcome was cortisol hormone reduction during pregnancy. The selected articles were analyzed by PRISMA flow chart and RevMan 5.3. Results: 5 articles from America and Asia were met the inclusion criteria. This study had high heterogeneity (I2=88%; p<0.001). Therefore, this study used random effect model (REM). Prenatal yoga reduced cortisol level 0.59 times in pregnancy (Mean Difference= -0.59; 95% CI= 1.18 to 0.01; p= 0.050). Conclusion: Prenatal yoga is effective to reduce cortisol level in pregnant women. Keywords: prenatal yoga, cortisol hormone, pregnant women Correspondence: Shiva Aflahiyah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: shivaafla@gmail.com. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.47
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Amin Zada, Sayamak. "COVID-19 Health Management and Business Continuity." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207050-ms.
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Abstract Considering the world faces an unprecedented challenge with economies everywhere affected by the COVID-19 pandemic there was an extreme need for coming together to combat the COVID-19 pandemic bringing governments, organizations from across industries and individuals together to manage this global outbreak. From the early stages of pandemic escalation, SOCAR AQS realized that only diversified measures would minimize risks, fulfil the duty of care responsibilities and promote workforce resilience. The establishment of the COVID-19 crisis management team ensured the continuous application of a proactive risk-based approach aligned with governmental regulations on the ground of the most up to date local and international information including the industry best practices. Access to the offices for all relevant staff and visitors was minimized, and the specific procedure for work from home was developed. A combination of preventive measures at all worksites and transportation facilities is held through regular effective disinfection, health checks, continuous access to the required personal protection and hygiene facilities, maintaining social distancing, and careful tracing close contacts for all suspected cases. Health promotion to all staff is conducted through various communication means. Two-stage pre-mobilization COVID-19 screening was implemented through a comprehensive health questionnaire prior to commuting at the entrance of quarantine facilities. There was a week of individual isolation in the designated controlled quarantine facilities with optimal detectability of the virus by the fifth day followed by highly-specific PCR testing before entering operational worksites enables early revealing of an infection prior to its manifestation in the human body. Specific post-illness medical assessment is a key for individual healthy return to work is carried out. Considering vaccines as a critical new tool in the battle against COVID-19, vaccination of all offshore personnel is implemented. As an outcome, the entire process provided a prudent way to ensure the continuation of uninterrupted operations resulted in zero COVID-19 detection at the quarantine worksites by follow-up of suspected cases during first eight months of the pandemic fight in Azerbaijan. In conclusion, the abovementioned statement provides the guidelines for the workforce working on worksites or in offices, and clear expectations of the measures to be taken to ensure COVID-19 health management and smooth business continuity are maintained.
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Amin Zada, Sayamak. "COVID-19 Health Management and Business Continuity." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207050-ms.
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Abstract Considering the world faces an unprecedented challenge with economies everywhere affected by the COVID-19 pandemic there was an extreme need for coming together to combat the COVID-19 pandemic bringing governments, organizations from across industries and individuals together to manage this global outbreak. From the early stages of pandemic escalation, SOCAR AQS realized that only diversified measures would minimize risks, fulfil the duty of care responsibilities and promote workforce resilience. The establishment of the COVID-19 crisis management team ensured the continuous application of a proactive risk-based approach aligned with governmental regulations on the ground of the most up to date local and international information including the industry best practices. Access to the offices for all relevant staff and visitors was minimized, and the specific procedure for work from home was developed. A combination of preventive measures at all worksites and transportation facilities is held through regular effective disinfection, health checks, continuous access to the required personal protection and hygiene facilities, maintaining social distancing, and careful tracing close contacts for all suspected cases. Health promotion to all staff is conducted through various communication means. Two-stage pre-mobilization COVID-19 screening was implemented through a comprehensive health questionnaire prior to commuting at the entrance of quarantine facilities. There was a week of individual isolation in the designated controlled quarantine facilities with optimal detectability of the virus by the fifth day followed by highly-specific PCR testing before entering operational worksites enables early revealing of an infection prior to its manifestation in the human body. Specific post-illness medical assessment is a key for individual healthy return to work is carried out. Considering vaccines as a critical new tool in the battle against COVID-19, vaccination of all offshore personnel is implemented. As an outcome, the entire process provided a prudent way to ensure the continuation of uninterrupted operations resulted in zero COVID-19 detection at the quarantine worksites by follow-up of suspected cases during first eight months of the pandemic fight in Azerbaijan. In conclusion, the abovementioned statement provides the guidelines for the workforce working on worksites or in offices, and clear expectations of the measures to be taken to ensure COVID-19 health management and smooth business continuity are maintained.
Reports on the topic "Preventive health practices"
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Jones, Theresa, and Elisabeth Storer. Key Considerations: Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Greater Kampala, Uganda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.005.
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This brief sets out key considerations for risk communications and community engagement (RCCE) to promote adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in greater Kampala, Uganda. It looks at adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, assesses the challenges to their adoption and outlines key considerations for partners working in RCCE and the wider COVID-19 emergency response. The brief responds to concern (as of March 2022) about COVID-19 transmission in informal urban areas in Uganda due to their high population density, limited sanitary infrastructure, and reported low uptake of vaccination. Ensuring effective communication and engagement with a series of preventative measures is essential in limiting the spread of COVID-19. The Ministry of Health and response partners have been proactive, however interventions and guidance for COVID-19 have taken limited account of social science research about the perceptions and practices related to COVID-19 regulations. This brief aims to address this gap so these data may be used to inform more effective and practicable guidance for vulnerable groups. This brief draws primarily on an analysis of existing scientific and grey literature. Additional primary data was collected through consultation with six social science and RCCE experts who focus on this geographical area. The brief was requested by UNICEF Uganda in consultation with the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) RCCE subcommittee and the RCCE technical working group for the Eastern and South Africa region (ESAR). It was developed for SSHAP by Theresa Jones (Anthrologica) and supported by Elizabeth Storer (London School of Economics), with contributions and reviews by colleagues at Anthrologica, the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), UNICEF ESARO and Uganda, Makerere University, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Dreamline Products and the IFRC.
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Greenwood, James R. Jointness and Putting Prevention Into Practice: The Role of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328027.
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Kaawa-Mafigiri, David, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Tabitha Hrynick. Key Considerations for RCCE in the 2022 Ebola Outbreak Response in Greater Kampala, Uganda. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.037.
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On 20 September 2022, an outbreak of the Sudan strain of Ebola Virus Disease – SVD – was announced as the first laboratory-confirmed patient was identified in a village in Mubende District in central Uganda. Uganda’s Ministry of Health (MoH) activated the National Task Force and developed and deployed a National Response Plan, which includes the activation of District Task Forces. The target areas include the epicentre (Mubende and Kassanda districts) and surrounding areas, as well as Masaka, Jinja and Kampala cities. This is of great concern, as Kampala is the capital city with a high population and linkages to neighbouring districts and international locations (via Entebbe Airport). It is also a serious matter given that there has been no outbreak of Ebola before in the city. This brief details how Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) activities and approaches can be adapted to reach people living in Greater Kampala to increase adoption of preventive behaviours and practices, early recognition of symptoms, care seeking and case reporting. The intended audiences include the National Task Force and District Task Forces in Kampala, Mukono, and Wakiso Districts, and other city-level RCCE practitioners and responders. The insights in this brief were collected from emergent on-the-ground observations from the current outbreak by embedded researchers, consultations with stakeholders, and a rapid review of relevant published and grey literature. This brief, requested by UNICEF Uganda, draws from the authors’ experience conducting social science research on Ebola preparedness and response in Uganda. It was written by David Kaawa-Mafigiri (Makerere University), Megan Schmidt-Sane (Institute of Development Studies (IDS)), and Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), with contributions from the MoH, UNICEF, the Center for Health, Human Rights and Development (CEHURD), the Uganda Harm Reduction Network (UHRN), Population Council and CLEAR Global/Translators without Borders. It includes some material from a SSHAP brief developed by Anthrologica and the London School of Economics. It was reviewed by the Uganda MoH, University of Waterloo, Anthrologica, IDS and the RCCE Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Wang, Hao, and Yulai Xu. Chemopreventive Effects of Immunotrophic Preparations in the Development of Prostate Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0037.
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Review question / Objective: After successful treatment with ADT, most patients with advanced disease eventually develop resistance and progress to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), which remains an incurable disease.Low survival and high mortality of PCa are associated with the appearance of CRPC and subsequent metastatic disease. To advance the fight against PCa, it is necessary to continue basic and clinical research to improve testing, prevention and treatment practices. However, under current treatments, prevention should be seen as a basic strategy to reduce PCa morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have shown that a healthy diet may significantly affect the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer. After promising preclinical testing, several natural compounds have been evaluated in the clinic. In this study, we compared data from clinical trials on several natural chemopreventive drugs as well as chemopreventive agents that have been tested for PCa chemoprevention. Provides some grounding support for preventing the progression of prostate cancer.
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Chi, Primus Che, and Yasser Sami Amer. What is the impact of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and newborn health outcomes in low-resource settings? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1703132.
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Women’s groups are one strategy to help improve maternal and newborn health outcomes. They aim to do this by increasing appropriate home prevention and care practices for mothers and newborns, and by increasing appropriate care-seeking (including antenatal care and skilled birth attendance).
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Wallace, Ina F. Universal Screening of Young Children for Developmental Disorders: Unpacking the Controversies. RTI Press, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0048.1802.
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In the past decade, American and Canadian pediatric societies have recommended that pediatric care clinicians follow a schedule of routine surveillance and screening for young children to detect conditions such as developmental delay, speech and language delays and disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. The goal of these recommendations is to ensure that children with these developmental issues receive appropriate referrals for evaluation and intervention. However, in 2015 and 2016, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care issued recommendations that did not support universal screening for these conditions. This occasional paper is designed to help make sense of the discrepancy between Task Force recommendations and those of the pediatric community in light of research and practice. To clarify the issues, this paper reviews the distinction between screening and surveillance; the benefits of screening and early identification; how the USPSTF makes its recommendations; and what the implications of not supporting screening are for research, clinical practice, and families.
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Thompson, Joseph. How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.001.
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Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence against the disease’ (World Bank 2020). What followed was an unprecedented global focus on handwashing with soap. Health messages on how germs spread, the critical times at which hands should be washed, and methods for correct handwashing were shared (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). Political leaders around the world promoted handwashing and urged people to adopt the practice to protect against the coronavirus. The primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 have affected people and industries in a variety of different ways. For the WASH sector, the centring of handwashing in the pandemic response has led to a sudden spike in hygiene activity. This SLH Rapid Topic Review takes stock of some of the cross-cutting challenges the sector has been facing during this period and explores the adaptations that have been made in response. It then looks forwards, thinking through what lies ahead for the sector, and considers the learning priorities for the next steps.
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Thompson, Joseph. How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.0015.
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Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence against the disease’ (World Bank 2020). What followed was an unprecedented global focus on handwashing with soap. Health messages on how germs spread, the critical times at which hands should be washed, and methods for correct handwashing were shared (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). Political leaders around the world promoted handwashing and urged people to adopt the practice to protect against the coronavirus. The primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 have affected people and industries in a variety of different ways. For the WASH sector, the centring of handwashing in the pandemic response has led to a sudden spike in hygiene activity. This SLH Rapid Topic Review takes stock of some of the cross-cutting challenges the sector has been facing during this period and explores the adaptations that have been made in response. It then looks forwards, thinking through what lies ahead for the sector, and considers the learning priorities for the next steps.
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Hasanzadeh, Sogand, Mirian Velay-Lizancos, Woei-Chyi Chang, Marina Lopez-Arias, and Vito Francioso. Synthesis Study of Best Practices for Cleaning Tools and Paving Equipment: Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) and Asphalt Cleaners (ACs). Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317381.
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Diesel has been used widely as an asphalt cleaning agent due to its effectiveness for many years. However, its negative impact on health and the environment calls for more sustainable and safe alternatives. Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) are products for preventing or mitigating undesirable adhesion of HMA to the asphalt equipment, and Asphalt Cleaners (ACs) are products for remediation when the adhesion has already happened. In this study, commercially ARAs and ACs reported by NTPEP and U.S. DOTs are quantitatively and qualitatively examined based on the following criteria: (1) cost-effectiveness, (2) functionality, (3) environmental, and (4) safety considerations. The results provided valuable insights into cost-effective products; and ultimately led to developing an interactive decision-making dashboard to help INDOT make more informed decisions regarding testing and investing in these alternatives.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.