Academic literature on the topic 'Preventive'

Preventive dental care is an important part of comprehensive dental care, preventive dental procedures are employed in the practice of dentistry and community dental health programs, that prevents the occurrence of oral diseases and oral abnormalities. It combines regular dental check-ups along with developing good oral hygiene habits. The effective prosthetic prophylaxis includes not only prevention of causes for alveolar bone loss leading to tooth loss but also preventing the defects of oral tissues. As a clinician our aim should not be just treating the area of interest, instead it should include the evaluation of mouth as a whole. This article brings out various concepts regarding preventive aspects of prosthetic dentistry such as prevention at every stage with special considerations in preventing alveolar bone loss.

The article emphasizes that today one of the main vectors of the National Police 'businesses are aimed at preventing offenses, the so-called preventive or preventive activity. In view of this, the terms «preventive activity» and «preventive activity» were investigated in detail, which is carried out by the employees of the National Police of Ukraine. And the purpose of the article is an analysis of preventive measures and preventive measures in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine through the prism of modern legislation, retreating and providing definitions. Thus, having analyzed the current legislation and scientific revision of modern scientists, the author provides author's definitions of these terms. Preventive measures This is a narrower concept under which it is understood clearly defined in the Law or Complex of Police Actions applicable in accordance with the current legislation to ensure the implementation of the requirements that restrict certain rights and freedoms of man and the use of which do not is always associated with an unlawful behavior of specific individuals. In turn, preventive measures are the actions of the police aimed at preventing the offenses and preventing their teaching, eliminating their reasons and conditions that cause them. And concluded that speaking of any prevention measures that are used by policemen to prevent / prevent any kind of offenses it is expedient to use the very term «preventive measures», and the term «preventive measures» is used only in case when it comes to events provided by the Law of Ukraine «On National Police». Because, preventive police and prophylactic measures of the police are different concepts. And in its daily activities, representatives of the National Police of Ukraine must use them appropriate and not confused with each other. Given the fact that this can complicate the daily police officer directed to crime prevention.

Abstract: the need of society for the prevention of offenses is realized by the legislator by the adoption of laws on countering and preventing offenses. The main directions of state policy in the fight against crimes and administrative offenses, such as corruption, extremism, terrorism, illegal migration, illicit drug trafficking, environmental security offences, juvenile delinquency and others, as reflected in the accumulated regulatory framework in this area, including the priority of a preventive approach to offences before punishing them, make it possible to state the need to form a new branch of law – preventive law. The article proposes the institutional structure of preventive law, justifies the allocation of four of its institutions: subjects and other persons of the prevention of offenses, the main areas of prevention of offenses, types of prevention of offenses, forms of preventive influence. The pre-established institutional structure of preventive law stemming from the laws governing preventive legal relations, it will appear as a structural model for the law enforcement officer, as well as the legislator, allowing the latter to approach the improvement of preventive legislation with a systemically important orientation of regulatory legal acts

Diplomacy as a means of communication between states has been and still is the most effective way to achieve the goals set before a state. Special emphasis and importance is given to preventive diplomacy, which day by day occupies an increasingly important place in resolving disputes and preventing conflicts. The legal basis for the application of prevention in the process of prevention or escalation of conflicts is found in the Charter of the United Nations. The overall work of the UN is based on prevention and it promotes mechanisms and instruments for peacekeeping. Establishing a preventive mission is far more cost-effective than taking other post-conflict measures. The real importance of prevention is seen in this segment. In the former parts of the former Yugoslavia that gained independence, preventive diplomacy played a very important role. In the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Republic of Kosovo, in the Republic of Macedonia, there was a need for a preventive mission on their territories. The establishment of the missions of the United Nations, the OSCE, and later of the European Union and the United States of America proved to be a good example of preventing the spread of the conflict and can serve as a model for future prevention missions based on the Balkan experience. The benefits of a preventive mission can be great, both for the host country and for neighboring countries.

Background. The belief that small preventive efforts bring large benefits may explain why many people say they value prevention above all other types of health care. However, it often takes a great deal of preventive medicine to prevent a bad outcome. This study explores whether people value prevention or cure more when each brings the same magnitude of benefit and examines whether preferences for prevention or cure vary according to the severity of the disability of the patients who can receive the preventive or curative intervention. Methods. 289 prospective jurors were presented with a policy dilemma involving how best to allocate funds to benefit people with varying levels of disability. Each project was said to influence the functional ability of 100 nursing home residents, either by improving their level of function or by preventing their level of function from declining. Results. When given a choice between preventive and curative interventions, more subjects preferred the preventive intervention (37% vs 21%, p = 0.002). However, when the strength of people's preferences was taken into account, the preference for preventive interventions was not statistically significant (p = 0.135). With both preventive and curative interventions, the subjects preferred helping patients with more severe disabilities (p < 0.005 for both comparisons). This preference for helping more severely disabled patients did not differ for prevention and cure (p = 0.663). Conclusion. When the magnitude of benefit was held constant, the subjects slightly preferred prevention over cure. In addition, they preferred directing limited resources toward those with greater disabilities, regardless of whether those resources were targeted toward prevention or cure. These findings suggest that previously stated preferences for prevention over cure may result from a belief that small efforts at prevention will be repaid by large reductions in the later need for cure.

On the basis of the norms of administrative law and current legislation analysis, the preventive activities of the National Police on juvenile prevention were investigated. Consideration of the specified problems within the scope of the article allows to expand the traditional approach to juvenile prevention, not only to connect the issue of prevention of offenses with the prevention of criminal offenses among children, but also to develop measures aimed at preventing administrative offenses committed by this category of persons, as well as the implementation of activities, related to the protection of children’s rights. For this purpose, the role of the National Police units for juvenile prevention in the prevention and counteraction of criminal and administrative offenses through the prism of the main tasks that rely on the latter was clarified and disclosed, and measures aimed at improving preventive and prophylactic work to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of children were also highlighted. It has been found that in the context of the formation of the National Police and the creation of a body aimed at providing high-quality police services to the population, juvenile prevention units direct their efforts to ensure and protect the rights of children. It has been proven that the preventive activity of the National Police on juvenile prevention is regulated by the norms of administrative law, the activity of juvenile prevention units, the content of which is preventive and prophylactic work to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of children, prevent children from committing criminal and administrative offenses, identify the causes and conditions that this is facilitated by taking measures to eliminate them, as well as implementing the norms of current legislation in terms of preventing and countering domestic violence committed by and in relation to children, preventing child neglect and carrying out pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses in the form of an inquiry within the scope of competence.

Background: Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Malaysia. Government efforts alone are not sufficient in preventing the disease if people continue to allow the widespread mosquito breeding in their housing compound. Individual or community behavior is an important factor in the prevention of dengue. However, there is no standard instrument to measure the associated factors of dengue preventive behavior. This study commenced to validate and assess the reliability of a newly developed instrument for the constructs measuring factors associated with dengue preventive behavior.Methods: A total of 327 respondents involved in this pilot study, which is a preliminary study to a larger scale study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to explore underlying constructs of the latent variables.Results: From the EFA, 10 factors (knowledge regarding dengue, behavior toward dengue prevention, fear and awareness toward dengue, motivation to adopt preventive behavior, medical practices for dengue fever, cooperation in dengue prevention, perceived susceptibility of dengue, perceived severity of dengue, perceived benefit from practicing dengue preventive behavior, and perceived barrier toward dengue preventive behavior) emerged contributing 63.1 percent of the total variance with the reliability of 0.791.Conclusions: The questionnaire is valid and reliable to measure the associated factors of preventive behavior toward dengue.

Preventive health strategies are the foundation of managing liver disease. Despite public health initiatives, incorporating preventive measures into clinical practice has not yet been fully achieved. Not only has this led to missed opportunities in preventing decompensation in patients, but it has further increased health care costs associated with end stage liver disease. While resource allocation also plays a role in this, lack of knowledge and awareness among providers significantly contributes to this ongoing issue. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive summary outlining preventive strategies in liver disease for use by providers to better serve their patients. Keywords: Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, Liver, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Prevention.

Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 75. Thesis director: Wallace Warfield. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 18, 2008). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Peter R. Lavoy, James A. Russell. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

The New Criminal Procedure Code of 2004 provides an extensive protection in terms of fundamental rights; however, a new obstacle for the proper administration of justice has surfaced involving the judge, who is constantly being affected in its finaldecision by the media.The author of this article discusses this problem from the field of preventive imprisonment, focusing on current cases and doctrine. In addition, the author makes an analysis and classification of judges based on their way of making choices, showing a discouraging picture of the situation.
El Nuevo Código Procesal Penal de 2004 es más garantista en cuanto a derechos fundamentales; no obstante, un nuevo obstáculo para una correcta administración de justicia lo supone el mismo juzgador, quien está siendo afectado constantementeen su decisión por los medios de comunicación.El autor del presente artículo expone este problema desde el ámbito de la prisión preventiva, centrándose en casos actuales y doctrina. Además, realiza un análisis y clasificación de los jueces en base a su modo de tomar decisiones, mostrándonosun panorama poco alentador.

Background: Despite the favourable effects of new therapeutic approaches during the acute phase of cardiac diseases and consequent favourable short-term outcomes, post-acute management and long term prognosis still remain unsatisfactory. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a multidisciplinary treatment with established beneficial effects for the vast majority of cardiac patients and universally considered an important aspect of secondary prevention. Although it has been shown to reduce both morbidity and mortality and it is a class I recommendation in the guidelines, its use remains still rather limited in Europe and in the rest of the world. Aim: The aim of this PhD research was to examine some aspects still little known, or unknown at all, in this field. In particular, the research aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of a structured, exercise-based, CR in specific cohorts of patients: after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, and early after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in high risk subjects. Methods: All patients (78 TAVI, mean age 82.1±3.6 years, 42 LVAD, 63.4 ± 7.4 years, and 376 AMI, 64.4±12.3 years) were referred to the Institute Codivilla-Putti (in Cortina d’Ampezzo, BL, Italy) for a two week, in-hospital, CR training and comprehensive risk factors interventions early after the acute event (within two weeks TAVI and AMI, within two months after LVAD implantation). TAVI patients were compared with 80 consecutive peer patients who were admitted for CR in the same period after surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) and LVAD patients compared with 47 coeval chronic heart failure (CHF) patients who were admitted for CR in the same period after an acute heart failure event. In LVAD cohort, cardiac autonomic function was evaluated by means of heart rate variability. AMI patients were divided into 2 groups according to a 40% left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) cut-off at enrolment, in order to evaluate the influence of a reduced LVEF on the rehabilitative process; furthermore, in 326 patients a glucometabolic characterization was obtained by means of a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients without known diabetes. In all patients the training protocol consisted of a low-medium intensity exercise protocol developed in three sets of exercises, 6 days per week: 30 min of respiratory workout, followed by an aerobic session on a cyclette (or on an arm ergometer in those patients who were not able to cycle) in the morning and, in the afternoon, 30 min of callisthenic exercises. Each session was supervised by a physician and a physiotherapist and all patients were ECG monitored by a telemetry system. Functional capacity was assessed by a six min walking test (6MWT) on admission, and a second test at discharge; when possible, a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was also performed. The Barthel Index (BI) was used as an autonomy index in TAVI and LVAD cohorts. In AMI patients rate of death, hospitalizations, smoke cessation, physical activity and adherence to pharmacological treatment were recorded at follow up (up to 5 years, median 2 years). Results: Despite the high risk profile of the population, the drop out rate was quite low (1.3% of TAVI, 1.1% of AMI and 11.9% of LVAD patients had to be transferred due to non fatal complications). All the subjects who completed the program had enhanced independence, mobility and functional capacity (mean BI increment was 9.9±12.6, p<0.01 and 11.9±10.5, p<0.01, in TAVI and LVAD patients respectively; mean 6MWT gain was 60.4±46.4 mt, p<0.01, 83.2±36.0 mt, p<0.05, 70.7±55.7 mt, p<0.01, in TAVI, LVAD and AMI patients, respectively). Analysing the specific cohorts, a smaller proportion of TAVI patients, compared with sAVR, was able to complete at least a 6MWT (82% vs 92%) or a CPET (61% vs 95%) but, in those who did, the distance walked at 6MWT at discharge did not significantly differ between the groups (272.7±108 vs. 294.2±101 mt, p=0.42), neither did the exercise capacity assessed by CPET (peak-VO2 12.5±3.6 vs. 13.9±2.7 ml/kg/min, p=0.16). At the end of the program, physical performance in LVAD patients was still generally poor, but not dissimilar from that found in CHF patients (peak-VO2 reached at CPET was 12.5±3.0 vs. 13.6±2.9 ml/kg/min, p=0.20). Evaluating AMI patients, subjects with LVEF<40% achieved significantly lower peak-VO2 at CPET than the controls (15.2±3.9 vs. 18.2±5.2 ml/kg/min, p<0.01). After OGTT administration, a high prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism was found (54%). As expected, exercise capacity was poorer in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients when compared with normoglicemic (peak-VO2 at CPET 15.3±4.1 vs 17.9±4.8 vs 19.4±5.5 ml/kg/min, p<0.01). At follow up 73% of the subjects reported to exercise regularly, 77% of the smokers definitively quitted and a high adherence to the therapy was registered. Cardiac and all cause mortality resulted 5.0% and 8.0 % at 1 year and 8.0 % and 13.0 % at 5 years, respectively and resulted higher in older people and in those with lower LVEF. Conclusions: Patients who underwent TAVI and LVAD implantation are characterized by a long-term deconditioning status. In this perspective, benefit is not automatically achieved through high-technology interventions and pharmacological management alone. This study have shown that a short-term, supervised, exercise-based CR is feasible, safe and effective in elderly patients after TAVI, as well as after traditional surgery, and after LVAD implantation. An early CR programme enhances independence, mobility and functional capacity and should be encouraged in these subjects. An early and intensive CR, based on physical activity and counselling, resulted to be safe and effective also in high risk patients after AMI, both in the short and in the long period. Indeed, a significant improvement in functional capacity in the short term - independent from the basal ventricular function or glucometabolic status - and a high adherence to therapy and to lifestyle modifications in the long term were achieved. Despite the high risk profile of these patients, this produced a favourable effect on cardiac and total mortality.
Introduzione: Nonostante gli effetti favorevoli di nuovi approcci terapeutici durante la fase acuta delle malattie cardiache e conseguente prognosi più favorevole nel breve termine, la gestione della fase post-acuta di tali patologie e la prognosi a lungo termine rimane ancora insoddisfacente. La Riabilitazione Cardiologica (RC) è un trattamento multidisciplinare con chiari effetti benefici nella stragrande maggioranza dei pazienti cardiologici ed universalmente considerata un aspetto importante della prevenzione secondaria. Sebbene si sia dimostrata in grado di ridurre morbidità e mortalità e sia ormai un trattamento raccomandato in I classe nelle linee guida, il suo uso rimane ancora piuttosto limitato in Europa e nel resto del mondo. Scopo: Lo scopo del presente programma di ricerca è stato esaminare alcuni aspetti ancora pochi noti, se non del tutto sconosciuti, in questo campo. In particolare, la presente ricerca ha avuto lo scopo di valutare sicurezza ed efficacia di una RC strutturata, basata sull’esercizio fisico, in specifiche coorti di pazienti: dopo impianto di valvola aortica transcatetere (TAVI), dopo impianto di assistenza ventricolare sinistra (LVAD), e subito dopo infarto miocardico acuto (AMI) in soggetti ad alto rischio. Metodi: Tutti i pazienti (78 TAVI, età media 82.1±3.6 anni, 42 LVAD, 63.4 ± 7.4 anni, e 376 AMI, 64.4±12.3 anni) sono stati inviati presso l’Istituto Codivilla-Putti (Cortina d’Ampezzo, BL, Italia) per un periodo di riabilitazione cardiologica degenziale di due settimane, basato sull’allenamento fisico ed interventi sui fattori di rischio cardiovascolare, subito dopo l’evento acuto (entro due settimane dopo TAVI ed AMI, entro due mesi dopo impianto di LVAD). I pazienti TAVI sono stati confrontati con 80 pazienti di pari caratteristiche che nello stesso periodo giungevano in riabilitazione dopo sostituzione valvolare aortica per via tradizionale (sAVR); i pazienti LVAD sono stati confrontati con 47 pazienti di pari età affetti da scompenso cardiaco cronico (CHF) che giungevano nello stesso periodo dopo una riacutizzazione di scompenso. Nella coorte dei LVAD è stata inoltre valutata la funzione autonomica mediante lo studio dell’ heart rate variability. Per valutare gli effetti di una depressione della frazione d’eiezione del ventricolo sinistro (LVEF) sul processo riabilitativo, i pazienti AMI sono stati divisi in 2 gruppi in base alla LVEF (cut-off 40%). Inoltre, in 326 pazienti, è stata ottenuta una caratterizzazione glumetabolica mediante una curva da carico di glucosio standard (OGTT) somministrata ai soggetti senza diabete noto. Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad un ciclo di ricondizionamento fisico con esercizi prevalentemente aerobici, distribuiti in 3 sessioni quotidiane per 6 giorni alla settimana (30 minuti di ginnastica respiratoria, seguiti da una sessione sulla cyclette, o su un arm-ergometro in coloro che non erano in grado di pedalare, nel pomeriggio 30 minuti di esercizi callistenici), sotto stretto monitoraggio telemetrico e diretta supervisione medica e fisioterapica. La capacità funzionale è stata valutata mediante six min walking test (6MWT) all’ingresso e alla dimissione e un test cardiopolmonare (CPET). Nelle coorti TAVI e LVAD è stata usata la scala di Barthel (Barthel Index, BI) per valutare il grado di autonomia. Nei pazienti AMI è stato registrato al follow up (fino a 5 anni, mediana 2 anni) l’incidenza di morte, nuove ospedalizzazioni, cessazione del fumo, attività fisica ed aderenza alla terapia. Risultati: Nonostante l’alto profilo di rischio della popolazione, il tasso di abbandono dal programma è risultato piuttosto basso (nell’ 1.3% dei pazienti TAVI, 1.1% degli AMI e 11.9% dei LVAD si è reso necessario il trasferimento all’ospedale per acuti per complicazioni non fatali). Tutti i soggetti che hanno completato il programma hanno migliorato la propria indipendenza, mobilità e capacità funzionale (incremento medio del BI 9.9±12.6, p<0.01 e 11.9±10.5, p<0.01, nei pazienti TAVI e LVAD rispettivamente; guadagno medio al 6MWT 60.4±46.4 mt, p<0.01, 83.2±36.0 mt, p<0.05, 70.7±55.7 mt, p<0.01, nei pazienti TAVI, LVAD and AMI, rispettivamente). Analizzando le specifiche coorti, una percentuale più bassa di pazienti TAVI rispetto a quelli del gruppo sAVR sono stati in grado di completare almeno un 6MWT (82% vs 92%) o un CPET (61% vs 95%) ma, in coloro che vi sono riusciti, non vi erano differenze significative tra i due gruppi in termini di distanza percorsa al 6MWT alla dimissione (272.7±108 vs 294.2±101 mt, p=0.42) e capacità funzionale al CPET (VO2 al picco 12.5±3.6 vs 13.9±2.7 ml/kg/min, p=0.16). Al termine del programma la performance fisica nei pazienti LVAD era generalmente scarsa, ma non dissimile da quella dei pazienti CHF (VO2 al picco al CPET 12.5±3.0 vs 13.6±2.9 ml/kg/min, p=0.20). Tra i pazienti AMI, coloro con LVEF<40% hanno raggiunto al CPET un VO2 al picco dell’esercizio significativamente più basso rispetto ai controlli (15.2±3.9 vs 18.2±5.2 ml/kg/min, p<0.01). Dopo somministrazione dell’OGTT è stata riscontrata un’alta prevalenza di alterazioni del metabolismo glucidico non precedente note (54%). Come atteso la capacità fisica era inferiore nei diabetici e nei prediabetici in confronto ai normoglicemici (al CPET VO2 al picco 15.3±4.1 vs 17.9±4.8 vs 19.4±5.5 ml/kg/min, p<0.01). Al follow up 73% dei soggetti hanno riferito di svolgere un’attività fisica regolare, 77% dei fumatori hanno definitivamente smesso ed è stata registrata un’alta aderenza alla terapia. La mortalità cardiaca e per tutte le cause è risultata 5.0% e 8.0% ad 1 anno, 8.0% e 13.0% a 5 anni, rispettivamente, ed è risultata più elevata nei soggetti più anziani ed in quelli con ridotta LVEF. Conclusioni: I pazienti che sono andati incontro ad intervento di TAVI e LVAD sono caratterizzati da un notevole grado di decondizionamento fisico. In tale prospettiva non si può automaticamente raggiungere un beneficio con il solo intervento ad alta tecnologia o con il trattamento farmacologico. Un breve periodo di RC, con supervisione medica, si è dimostrato fattibile, sicuro ed efficace in pazienti anziani dopo TAVI, così come dopo chirurgia aortica tradizionale, e dopo impianto di LVAD. Un programma precoce di RC aumenta l’indipendenza, la mobilità e la capacità funzionale ed andrebbe sicuramente incoraggiato in questi soggetti. Una RC intensiva e precoce basata sull’attività fisica e sul counselling è risultata sicura ed efficace anche in soggetti ad alto rischio dopo AMI, sia nel breve che nel lungo termine. Infatti è stato raggiunto un significativo miglioramento della capacità funzionale nel breve periodo - indipendentemente dalla funzione ventricolare sinistra residua o dallo stato glucometabolico - ed un’elevata aderenza alla terapia e alle modifiche dello stile di vita proposte. Nonostante l’elevato profilo di rischio di tali pazienti, questo può aver prodotto un effetto favorevole sulla mortalità.

Background: Febrile seizures are common in childhood. When a child is stricken with febrile seizures it is not only the child that is suffering, in fact the whole family is affected. There are different ways to prevent recurrence of febrile seizures, such as use of different drugs. The parents also need information about febrile seizures and support from the nurse. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to illuminate the nurse’s preventive work for children who have been stricken with febrile seizures. Method: A literature search was conducted in different databases. A qualitative content analysis of 10 scientific articles was performed. Result: The result was presented in three main categories. The first main category was the parents’ role; such as fear, lack of knowledge and concerns about the feature. The second main category was preventive caring, such as sponging, and the third one was the use of preventive drugs such as diazepam and antipyretics. Conclusion: The authors conclude that there is a large need of modern research in the aim of nursing of children with febrile seizures.

Thesis (doctoral)--Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen, 1988.
Text in English with a summary in Dutch. "Een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van geneeskunde en tandheelkunde." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 311 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 282-288).

In manufacturing environments, machines are usually subject to down periods due to various reasons such as preventive maintenance activities, pre-accepted jobs and pre-known material shortages. Among these reasons, preventive maintenance, which is defined as the pre-planned maintenance activities to keep the machine in its operating state, has gained much more importance in recent years. In this thesis, we consider the single machine total flow time problem where the jobs are non-resumable and the machine is subject to preventive maintenance activities of known starting times and durations. We propose a number of optimality properties together with the upper and lower bounding procedures. Using these mechanisms, we build a branch and bound algorithm to find the optimal solution of the problem. Our extensive computational study on randomly generated test instances shows that our algorithm can solve large-sized problem instances with up to 80 jobs in reasonable times. We also study a two-alternative maintenance planning problem with minor and major maintenances. We give an optimizing algorithm to find the timing of the maintenances, when the job sequence is fixed.

The article presents preventive measures for economic crimes, describes the subjects of crime prevention in the economic sphere, and reveals the existing methods for detecting and preventing economic crimes. Among the most important methods, there are: the improvement of legislation in the sphere of regulation of the fight against economic crimes and the motivation of law enforcement agencies for its qualitative implementation.

Prevention of widespread diseases can make an important contribution to improving the quality of human life. Furthermore, disease prevention can serve to avoid future demands for medical rehabilitation due to demographic change. In this paper, a literature review on the state of the art in disease prevention through machine learning will be presented first. Subsequently, it was concluded that no previous applications have focused on determining the extent of the influencing factors on the risk of disease and thus identifying preventive measures to reduce the risk of disease. To address this research gap, this paper presents a concept for generating a personalized prediction model for a given disease, using machine learning algorithms for the automated analysis of a wide range of input data. To realize this concept, an assistance system is implemented be presented, which includes prediction models for the three diseases cold, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia to determine disease risks and preventive measures. After entering the user's health data, the assistance system determines the risk for each disease and the preventive measures to reduce the disease risks. Thereafter, the evaluation of the assistance system is presented by testing it on 5 people who used it daily for 4 months.

Past and ongoing electric generating station owner investments in plant information technology (such as database query applications and other client workstation tools) have made it possible for plant staffs to utilize information contained in the work management systems to quickly link equipment failure modes to related preventative maintenance (PM) activities. A typical pressurized water reactor feedwater (FW) system is applied as the “target system” for examples in this paper. This typical FW system is comprised of approximately 3,800 “tag” or “part number” items which in turn represent about 16,300 failure modes. Effective risk-informed asset management (RIAM) of FW preventive maintenance (PM) activities requires these failure modes to be modeled in a plant availability model. In this paper we present development of a process for supporting PM optimization, applying cost-benefit-risk analysis and RIAM tools and techniques. In this preventive maintenance optimization (PMO) process, PM activities are evaluated for their projected impacts on plant profitability and nuclear safety. PM activities (PMs) are “optimized” for desirable impact to help ensure electric utilities maintain or improve upon high levels of nuclear safety and profitability. In this PMO application the level of detail of the target system(s) is enhanced to support plant decision-making at the component failure mode and human error mode level of indenture. Results of case studies in FW system PMO using typical plant data are presented.

Background: The issue of preventing and countering human trafficking is relevant all over the world, including in Ukraine. Solving and preventing this problem has become more acute due to the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine. With the beginning of this invasion, there was a great risk of falling into a situation of human trafficking. Many citizens, especially women with children and young people, left for Europe, some were forced to move within the borders of Ukraine, in the occupied territories people are forcibly deported to the territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The risks of falling into the sphere of human trafficking are quite large, people who were already a risk group fall into difficult life circumstances and become even more vulnerable to this problem. And young people in search of a better life in Europe neglect their safety and have risky behavior, which causes the need to spread social and preventive work with this group to prevent them from falling into situations of human trafficking. Purpose: to analyze the methods of social work with young people in order to increase the awareness of young people about the issue of human trafficking. Methods: the method of analyzing scientific documents, the method of comparing opinions, and the method of theoretical analysis of foreign works were used. Results: Preventive activities among young people in order to prevent them from falling into situations of human trafficking are quite important. It is necessary to develop this area and actively apply social work in this area. Methods of social work at the primary level of prevention among young people are diverse and can be successful. Conclusion: Informing young people for the purpose of preventing human trafficking has many forms that can be successful in this work. Primary social prevention among young people can be diverse, it is necessary to develop this area. Also, the use of social work in this area is appropriate. Social work specialists can conduct interactive trainings and seminars aimed at raising the level of awareness of young people about the problem of human trafficking and ways to protect against it. Such activities may include various elements such as group discussions, role-playing, video materials and others. Keywords: human trafficking, youth as a risk group of human trafficking, primary prevention, informing, raising awareness.

ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of hypertension in Indonesia has remained high. Tertiary prevention of hypertension in hypertensive patients is needed to improve their knowledge toward hypertension, health belief, the practice of life-style modification, and the ability to control blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting tertiary preventive behaviors among patients with high blood pressure. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out at 25 integrated health posts (posbindu) in Surakarta, Centra Java, from September to October 2019. A sample of 200 hypertensive patients was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was tertiary preventive behavior. The independent variables were education, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, intention, cadre support, and peer support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a mutiple logistic regression. Results: Tertiary preventive behaviors in hypertensive patients increased with education ≥Senior high school (OR= 3.58; 95% CI= 1.62 to 7.90; p= 0.002), positive attitude (OR= 4.01; 95% CI= 1.69 to 9.54; p= 0.002), supportive subjective norm (OR= 3.88; 95% CI= 1.65 to 9.16; p= 0.002), strong perceived behavior control (OR= 2.86; 95% CI= 1.24 to 6.59; p= 0.013), strong intention (OR= 2.44; 95% CI= 1.13 to 5.26; p= 0.023), strong cadre support (OR= 4.59; 95% CI= 2.07 to 10.18; p<0.001), and strong peer support (OR= 3.77; 95% CI= 1.68 to 8.42; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Tertiary preventive behaviors in hypertensive patients increases with education ≥Senior high school, positive attitude, supportive subjective norm, strong perceived behavior control, strong intention, strong cadre support, and strong peer support. Keywords: tertiary prevention, hypertention, theory of planned behavior Correspondence: Angga Ferdianto. School of Health Sciences Ngudia Husada Madura. Jl. RE Martadinata 45, Mlajah, Bangkalan 69116, East Java, Indonesia. Email: angga.rmd@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285746555354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.43