Journal articles: 'Prevention through Design (PtD)'

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Zarges, Tom, and Bradley Giles. "Prevention through Design (PtD)." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.020.

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Schulte, Paul A., Richard Rinehart, Andrea Okun, Charles L. Geraci, and Donna S. Heidel. "National Prevention through Design (PtD) Initiative." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.021.

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Manuele, Fred A. "Prevention through Design (PtD): History and Future." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.019.

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Labadan, Rimmon, Kriengsak Panuwatwanich, and Sho Takahashi. "Awareness of the prevention through design (PtD) concept among design engineers in the Philippines." Engineering Management in Production and Services 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2022-0007.

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Abstract The “Prevention through Design” (PtD) concept considers construction safety during the design process. Several countries are currently practising PtD, including the UK, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, and the USA, which is still not the case in the Philippines. The study presented in this paper aimed to indicate the current level of awareness of the PtD concept among the structural engineers and purposed to generate a basis of initiatives to introduce or improve the understanding and adoption of PtD in the Philippines. A knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire was distributed to survey respondents selected through a snowball sampling method, consisting of structural engineers currently working in the Philippines. Sixty-one (61) structural engineers responded and were analysed in this study. Results indicated that PtD was relatively a new concept for most structural engineers in the Philippines. Similarly, the designers’ knowledge of the concept was still low. However, structural engineers viewed PtD as necessary and its implementation as essential in the construction industry. Despite the known concerns in the PtD implementation, structural engineers favoured the adoption of the concept. The paper also discussed challenges and key drivers for implementing PtD in the Philippines based on the questionnaire results and supporting literature reviews. The findings and methodology presented in this paper could serve as a baseline for a larger sample size covering other design trades, such as architectural, electrical, and mechanical design services leading to the broader adoption of PtD in the Philippines. Furthermore, the framework of this study could also apply to other countries with similar contexts.

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Braun, Theodore W. "Prevention through Design (PtD) from the Insurance Perspective." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.016.

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Creaser, Wayne. "Prevention through Design (PtD) Safe Design from an Australian Perspective." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.018.

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Lingard, Helen, Tracy Cooke, Nick Blismas, and Ron Wakefield. "Prevention through design." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 3, no. 1 (July 5, 2013): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-06-2012-0036.

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PurposeThe research aims to explore the interaction between design decisions that reduce occupational health and safety (OHS) risk in the operation stage of a facility's life cycle and the OHS experiences of workers in the construction stage.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from three construction projects in Australia. Design decisions were examined to understand the reasons they were made and the impact that they had on OHS in the construction and operation stages.FindingsThe case examples reveal that design decisions made to reduce OHS risk during the operation of a facility can introduce new hazards in the construction stage. These decisions are often influenced by stakeholders external to the project itself.Research limitations/implicationsThe results provide preliminary evidence of challenges inherent in designing for OHS across the lifecycle of a facility. Further research is needed to identify and evaluate methods by which risk reduction across all stages of a facility's life cycle can be optimised.Practical implicationsThe research highlights the need to manage tensions between designing for safe construction and operation of a facility.Originality/valuePrevious research assumes design decisions that reduce OHS risk in one stage of a facility's life cycle automatically translate to a net risk reduction across the life cycle. The research highlights the need to consider the implications of PtD decision‐making focused on one stage of the facility's life cycle for OHS outcomes in other stages.

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Yuan, Jingfeng, Xuewei Li, Xiaer Xiahou, Nicholas Tymvios, Zhipeng Zhou, and Qiming Li. "Accident prevention through design (PtD): Integration of building information modeling and PtD knowledge base." Automation in Construction 102 (June 2019): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.02.015.

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Syamimi Samsudin, Nor, N. Khalil, Mayamin Yuhaniz, Sayed Muhammad Aiman Sayed Abul Khair, and Azman Zainonabidin. "An overview of Prevention through Design (PtD): The architect’s role in the lifecycle of building safety performance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 881, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/881/1/012013.

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Abstract The notion of Prevention through Design (PtD) has been used extensively to mitigate any potential hazard and minimize residual risks during the early design phase. However, there are hurdles in implementing the PtD concept, such as lack of enforcement in terms of legislation and guideline, thus decreasing architects’ responsibilities towards implementing PtD in the design and planning stage. Therefore, the review was motivated to highlight the PtD concept and the architect’s responsibility to build safety performance throughout its entire lifecycle. The finding of this paper reveals the themes that influence the role of architects towards adopting the PtD concept, which in turn affects the safety of the whole building lifecycle. Since this paper focuses solely on the role of architects, further development of the topic can be aimed towards other roles of consultants.

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Alston, Ken. "Cradle to Cradle Design Initiatives: Lessons and Opportunities for Prevention through Design (PtD)." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.017.

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Weidman, Justin, Deborah E. Dickerson, and Charles T. Koebel. "Prevention through Design Adoption Readiness Model (PtD ARM): An integrated conceptual model." Work 52, no. 4 (August 4, 2015): 865–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-152109.

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Cavalcanti, Lucas Rodrigues, Vanessa Kelly Freitas de Arruda, Amanda de Morais Alves Figueira, João Felipe Barbosa Baía, José Maria de Moura Júnior, Eliana Cristina Barreto Monteiro, Bianca M. Vasconcelos, and Silvio Burrattino Melhado. "A utilização da prevenção através do projeto como ferramenta de gestão: uma revisão sistemática." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 9 (July 19, 2022): e58411932442. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.32442.

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O Prevention Through Design – PtD, também conhecido como Prevenção através do Projeto, pode ser utilizado como ferramenta de gestão e coordenação de projetos, que visa colaborar na redução do número de acidentes na construção civil. Portanto, é necessário compreender o cenário da segurança e saúde do trabalho para estabelecer medidas de controle preventivo. Neste sentido, é importante que a prevenção possua efetividade, seja na fase de concepção do projeto ou de execução. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar trabalhos que tenham abordado o PtD, buscando analisar sua usabilidade como ferramenta de gestão, pontuando também seus aspectos positivos e negativos. A metodologia seguiu as orientações dos Itens de Relatório Preferidos para Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-Análises (PRISMA), utilizando palavras-chave em concordância com o descritor booleano “AND” como: “prevention through design”, “management”, “construction”, “occupational safety”, “design” e “design for safety”. Inicialmente foram encontrados 624 artigos, porém com a aplicação dos filtros restaram 30 artigos para leitura completa. Após a leitura completa, 14 artigos foram incluídos para análise detalhada. Foi observado que em países subdesenvolvidos, a ferramenta não é aplicada. No entanto, em países mais desenvolvidos a ferramenta Prevention Through Design – PtD, é bastante requisitada para prevenção de acidentes. Por fim, entende-se que existe um custo atrelado a ferramenta de gestão de acidentes, no entanto é visto que quando existe a sua implementação, o número de acidentes sofre redução, o que torna a ferramenta eficaz.

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Che Ibrahim, C. K. I., S. Belayutham, E. A. Azmi, and A. Hussain. "Exploring the knowledge of Prevention through Design (PtD) among Malaysian civil & structural designers." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 615 (October 15, 2019): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/615/1/012031.

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López-Arquillos, A., J. C. Rubio-Romero, and M. D. Martinez-Aires. "Prevention through Design (PtD). The importance of the concept in Engineering and Architecture university courses." Safety Science 73 (March 2015): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.11.006.

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White, Frank. "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Prevention through Design (PtD) Workshop Closing Remarks." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.023.

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Ho, Chung, Hyun Woo Lee, and John A. Gambatese. "Application of Prevention through Design (PtD) to improve the safety of solar installations on small buildings." Safety Science 125 (May 2020): 104633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104633.

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Samsudin, Nor Syamimi, Mazlina Zaira Mohammad, Natasha Khalil, Nur Dalila Nadzri, and Che Khairil Izam Che Ibrahim. "A thematic review on Prevention through design (PtD) concept application in the construction industry of developing countries." Safety Science 148 (April 2022): 105640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105640.

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Che Ibrahim, Che Khairil Izam, Sheila Belayutham, and Mazlina Zaira Mohammad. "Prevention through Design (PtD) Education for Future Civil Engineers in Malaysia: Current State, Challenges, and Way Forward." Journal of Civil Engineering Education 147, no. 1 (January 2021): 05020007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ei.2643-9115.0000030.

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Jin, Ziyu, John Gambatese, Ding Liu, and Vineeth Dharmapalan. "Using 4D BIM to assess construction risks during the design phase." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 2637–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2018-0379.

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Purpose The prevention through design (PtD) concept has been widely recognized as one of the most effective approaches to eliminate or reduce construction site hazards. It encourages engineers and architects to consider occupational safety and health during the planning and design phases. Nevertheless, the implementation of PtD is often inhibited because designers lack adequate knowledge about construction safety and the construction process, and limited design-for-safety tools and procedures are available for designers to use. The purpose of this paper is to provide designers a tool for assessing construction risks during early phases of multistory building projects at an activity level and on a daily basis in a 4D environment. By using the tool, proactive measures could be taken in the design and planning phase to reduce site hazards. Design/methodology/approach The proposed method consists of four steps including risk quantification at a design element level, 4D model integration with risk values, risk assessment, and design alternative selection and model acceptance. A case study was carried out to test and verify the proposed method. Findings The proposed tool has the capability to assess the safety risk for an entire multistory project and visualize safety risk in a particular time period, work space and task prior to construction. It benefits designers in conducting risk assessments and selecting design alternatives concerning safety. Contractors could also utilize the visualization and simulation results of the 4D model for site safety planning so that a range of risk mitigation strategies could be implemented during construction. Originality/value The study provides an innovative PtD tool targeting designers as primary end-users. The proposed tool helps designers assess construction risks and has potential to incorporate the top levels of the hierarchy of risk controls.

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Che Ibrahim, Che Khairil Izam, Sheila Belayutham, Bankole Osita Awuzie, and Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke. "Analysis of designers’ Prevention through Design (PtD) competence in the construction industry: A study of Malaysia, Nigeria, and South Africa." Safety Science 150 (June 2022): 105710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105710.

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Sen, Abhijit, Abdulrahman Khamaj, Majed Moosa, and Sougata Karmakar. "Cross-Cultural Study on OSH Risk Perception of Solar PV Workers of Saudi Arabia and India: Risk Mitigation through PtD." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 9614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249614.

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A large number of workers are entering the rapidly growing solar photovoltaic industry. The emerging occupational safety and health risks faced by the workers have rarely been measured and aptly addressed. Moreover, there is a lack of cross-cultural studies on solar photovoltaic workers engaged across different countries. This study was planned to measure the occupational safety and health risks, socio-demographic parameters, study the cross-cultural aspects and develop design concepts for risk mitigation. Field studies were conducted in solar installations in Saudi Arabia and India. Socio-demographic data and risk perception scores for eighteen different occupational safety and health risks were obtained from the workers (n = 135). In addition, discomfort glare was also measured. Design concepts were developed following the hierarchy of controls matrix and the bow-tie analysis method using the prevention through design approach. Heat stress, electrocution, solar radiation, and fire/electric flash were found in the high and very high risk categories. This is a first-of-its-kind cross-cultural study in the solar photovoltaic industry which measures the occupational safety and health risks and develops design concepts for mitigation of risks. This study will be beneficial to solar project developers, safety professionals, ergonomists, industrial designers and policy makers.

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Collado-Mariscal, Darío, Juan Pedro Cortés-Pérez, Alfonso Cortés-Pérez, and Antonia Cuevas-Murillo. "Proposal for the Integration of the Assessment and Management of Electrical Risk from Overhead Power Lines in BIM for Road Projects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 13064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013064.

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Electrical risk has a particular impact within the construction sector. This leads to the development of regulations to mitigate it, but correct application of regulations is impossible with a traditional 2D analysis. The construction sector is using technologies from the industrial sector (Construction 4.0), with BIM as the main enabling technology. Thus, the objective of this article is the evaluation of the risk produced by Overhead Power Lines (OPL) through BIM integration. The OPL, its risk zones, the affected road, and the envelope resulting from the geometry of the necessary machines to build it were digitized, converging in a single model to perform a 4D risk analysis. The risks of the execution of the embankment and road surface of a road section passing through an OPL were analyzed by means of the collision of the envelope with its risk zones, resulting in an integration of their evaluation, to which was added the introduction of preventive measures and their re-evaluation. The parametric 3D modelling allowed a better definition of the risk zones and the BIM management minimized errors, providing traceability of decisions from the design phase, complying with health and safety regulations and applying the principle of Prevention through Design (PtD).

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Collado-Mariscal, Darío, Juan Pedro Cortés-Pérez, Alfonso Cortés-Pérez, and Antonia Cuevas-Murillo. "Proposal for the Integration of Health and Safety into the Design of Road Projects with BIM." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101753.

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The high number of accidents in the construction sector makes the concept of prevention through design (PtD), which starts with the integration of an occupational risk assessment in this phase, increasingly important. To this end, BIM (building information modelling) is a methodology that provides benefits related to the management of health and safety in the design phase. Its application in linear work projects is less developed than its application in building, even more so with regard to health and safety in BIM. This research proposes a methodology for integrating risk assessment into the design phase of BIM road projects, structuring the information, establishing the information integration processes, its analysis and risk management, and automating its integration into the model through zones. As a result, the research enables risk assessment in the BIM model through zones, differentiating risk values and allowing for the analysis of interferences between certain activities and the study of other specific activities in the design. As a result of the structure and organisation of the data, it is possible to export the data to IFC for coordination with other stakeholders. Thus, the final contribution of the research is the introduction of health and safety into road projects conducted with BIM, in compliance with legal requirements.

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Liu, Ping, Xiao Long Gu, Xiao Gang Liu, and Xin Bing Zhao. "Failure Prevention on Application of Flexible Printed Circuits." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4648.

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With the compact nature and the high electrical-connection density, flexible printed circuits (FPC) can achieve considerable weight, space and cost savings over the use of traditional rigid printed circuit boards. In recent years, it becomes impossible without flexible printed circuit technology in electronic products especially for Flip mobile phones. Whereas, its application is not always satisfied the engineering of assembly and reliability due to the existing of mechanical stress in soldering process and service environment. In this paper, through analyzing the common failures in mass production including via interconnection, trace crack and black pad, some preventions were suggested to improve the quality and reliability at the aspect of manufacture, process, mechanical design and dynamic stress distribution philosophy.

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Singh, Manisha, Ishwar Tiwari, Dinesh Bhandari, and Basanta Katwal. "Postpartum Depression: Prevention strategies in South East Asia and its possibility of replication in Nepal." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 14, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v14i1.26621.

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Aims: To identify existing interventions in South East Asian countries implemented to prevent postpartum depression (PPD) and explore the possibility of replication of such interventions in Nepal to reduce it. Methods: The paper reviewed the risk factors and preventive strategies implemented in South East Asian countries to prevent PPD. Results: Enough actions have not been taken to address PPD despite of high prevalence in the reviewed countries (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Srilanka and Nepal). However, some of the interventions used such as cognitive behavior therapy, education for girls, poverty alleviation program, participatory approach for empowerment and involvement of community health workers have shown positive impact on reducing PPD. Conclusions: The interventions used in South East Asian countries were simple in design intervention and mostly conducted through community health workers; it showed a possibility of replication in Nepal as it already has sufficient community workforces working in maternal and child health. Keywords: interventions, maternal depression, maternal mental health, post–partum depression, prevention, south asia, strategies

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Zhonglin, Zhang, Fu Bin, Li Liquan, and Yang Encheng. "Design and Function Realization of Nuclear Power Inspection Robot System." Robotica 39, no. 1 (September 4, 2020): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574720000740.

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SUMMARYThe particularity of nuclear power plant environment requires that the nuclear power inspection robot must be remote control operation. The main purpose of the inspection robot is to carry out inspection, prevention, reporting, and safety emergency operation on the instruments, so as to provide guarantee for the safe operation of the nuclear power plant. Based on the representative configuration of nuclear power robot at home and abroad, this paper develops a small and lightweight nuclear power plant inspection robot, including walking mechanism, lifting mechanism, operating mechanism, image acquisition, information communication and control system, etc., to carry on the statics analysis to the key components of the inspection robot and verify that the stiffness and strength of the mechanical structure meet the requirements of lightweight design. Modal analysis is carried out to verify that the motor does not cause resonance when working. The kinematic model of the robot has been established and can provide the theoretical basis for the controller design. A hierarchical control system based on LabVIEW upper computer monitoring and control operation interface is established, which uses adaptive fuzzy Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control to simulate the walking control, and then realizes the control of walking mechanism through software programming, and the adaptive fuzzy PID control has better effect than the conventional PID control. The S-type acceleration and deceleration algorithm is used to realize the accurate control of the position location of the lifting mechanism. Finally, combined with the experiment of 5MS robot comprehensive experimental platform, it is proved that the inspection robot can realize remote control function operation.

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Thomas, Susie, and Shylie Mackintosh. "Improvement of Physical Therapist Assessment of Risk of Falls in the Hospital and Discharge Handover Through an Intervention to Modify Clinical Behavior." Physical Therapy 96, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150215.

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Background Discharge from the hospital is a high risk transition period for older adults at risk of falls. Guidelines relevant to physical therapists for managing this risk are well documented, but commonly not implemented. Purpose This project implemented an intervention to improve physical therapists' adherence to key guideline recommendations for managing risk of falls on discharge from one hospital. Data Sources A pretest-posttest study design was undertaken and was underpinned by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to aid in the design of interventions to increase physical therapists' adherence to guideline recommendations and to identify barriers to these interventions. Data Extraction A multifaceted intervention was implemented, including the establishment of a governance committee, education sessions, development of a “pathway” to guide practice, modification of an existing standardized assessment proforma, development of standardized processes and indicators for handover, increasing availability of educational handouts, audit and feedback processes, and allocation of dedicated staffing to oversee falls prevention within the physical therapy department. Data Synthesis There were significant improvements in physical therapist behavior leading to key guideline recommendations being met, including: the proportion of patients who were identified to be at risk of falls (6.3% preintervention versus 94.8% postintervention) prior to discharge, an increase in documentation of clinical handover at discharge (68.6% preintervention versus 90.9% postintervention), and improvement in the quality of this documented clinical handover (34.9% of case notes met 5 criteria preintervention versus 92.9% postintervention). Limitations The approach was resource intensive and consequently may be difficult to replicate at other sites. Conclusions A multifaceted intervention underpinned by the TDF, designed to modify physical therapists' behavior to improve adherence to guideline recommendations for managing risk of falls on discharge from one hospital, was successful.

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Ligairi, Josua, Donald Wilson, and Isimeli Tukana. "Existing NCD Monitoring and Surveillance Systems and its adaptability to Fiji’s context: A Systematic Review." Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2021.101.

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Introduction: The United Nations high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases passed a political declaration on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) prevention and control in 2011, emphasizing the great need for NCD surveillance including in Low-to-Middle-Income-Countries (LMICs). Method: A review of literature was conducted and set for full text citations published in English dated 1 January, 2007 to 31 August 2019. MESH terms or key words were selected from the following groups of generic terms: the following words “Health surveillance systems” and “NCD monitoring and surveillance system”. The literatures were tabulated according to the authors, date that was published and which journal, the title of the study, the surveillance design and their recommendations. The 13 articles that were identified, only one was conducted in a developing country while the rest were conducted in high income countries. Results: 60% of the NCD surveillace system reviewed use passive surveillance, 30% uses passive assisted sentinel surveillance and 10% use passive assited spatial surveillance. Based on countries surveillance system there was an equal distribution on involvement in policy development (33%), behavioural risk associated aggregates (33%) and intergrated health information System (33%).Through intense review, passive assisted sentinel surveillance was mostly practiced and the use of spatial surveillace in this context for interregional comparisons of specified diseases. Conclusion: There was less evidence on surveillance in LMIC but the following surveillance systems were identified as essential for Fiji’s proposed NCD surveillance system. This study suggest that a probable surveillance system that can be adopted by Fiji is a passive assisted sentinel surveillance system enhanced with Spatial data. Further consultation and a feasibility study can be proposed as a way forward for this study findings.

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McManus and Haddad. "Solvent Evaporation in an Isolated Subsurface Structure: An Unrecognized and Underappreciated Risk." Infrastructures 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4030047.

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Isolated subsurface structures readily collect solvents spilled onto surrounding surfaces or poured into opening(s) in the manhole cover. Fatal overexposures and fires/explosions have occurred following these events. This work documents evaporation of 10 mL of lacquer thinner from a paper towel positioned near the base of a vertically oriented precast concrete chamber (volume = 2.5 m3) and exchange through opening(s) in the manhole cover monitored using a Photoionization Device (PID) sensor. A sixth order polynomial fitted by Microsoft Excel best describes the process of evaporation and dispersion in the airspace and exchange with the external atmosphere. Restoration of the uncontaminated atmosphere can require 48 hours or more under these conditions. A manhole cover containing a single opening is most likely to retain vapor for the longest period, and one with two circumferential openings opposite each other is least likely. Results presented here argue for the involvement of individuals made knowledgeable by education, experience, and training in confined spaces to address this unrecognized and underappreciated risk. Optimizing ventilation induced by natural forces in isolated subsurface structures is a natural application of the NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Prevention through Design initiative.

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van Trommel, Nienke E., Fred C. G. J. Sweep, Charles P. T. Schijf, Leon F. A. G. Massuger, and Chris M. G. Thomas. "Diagnosis of hydatidiform mole and persistent trophoblastic disease: diagnostic accuracy of total human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), free hCG α- and β-subunits, and their ratios." European Journal of Endocrinology 153, no. 4 (October 2005): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.01997.

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Objective: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is widely used in the management of hydatidiform mole and persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD). Predicting PTD after molar pregnancy might be beneficial since prophylactic chemotherapy reduces the incidence of PTD. Design: A retrospective study based on blood specimens collected in the Dutch Registry for Hydatidiform Moles. A group of 165 patients with complete moles (of which 43 had PTD) and 39 patients with partial moles (of which 7 had PTD) were compared with 27 pregnant women with uneventful pregnancy. Methods: Serum samples from patients with hydatidiform mole with or without PTD were assayed using specific (radio) immunoassays for free α-subunit (hCGα), free β-subunit (hCGβ) and ‘total’ hCG (hCG + hCGβ). In addition, we calculated the ratios hCGα/hCG + hCGβ, hCGβ/hCG + hCGβ, and hCGα/hCGβ. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated and paired in receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, resulting in areas under the curves (AUCs). Results: hCGβ, hCGβ/hCG + hCGβ and hCGα/hCGβ show AUCs ranging between 0.922 and 0.999 and, therefore, are excellent diagnostic tests to distinguish complete and partial moles from normal pregnancy. To distinguish partial from complete moles the analytes hCGβ, hCG + hCGβ and the ratio hCGα/hCGβ have AUCs between 0.7 and 0.8. Although hCGα, hCGβ and hCG + hCGβ concentrations are significantly elevated in patients who will develop PTD compared with patients with spontaneous regression after evacuation of their moles, in predicting PTD, these analytes and parameters have AUCs <0.7. Conclusions: Distinction between hydatidiform mole and normal pregnancy is best shown by a single blood specimen with hCGβ, but hCGβ/hCG + hCGβ and hCGα/hCGβ are also excellent diagnostic parameters. To predict PTD, hCGα, hCGβ, hCG + hCGβ and hCGα/hCGβ are moderately accurate tests, although they are not accurate enough to justify prophylactic chemotherapy treatment for prevention of PTD.

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Bogavac, Mirjana A., Dejan D. Ćelić, and Tamara M. Perić. "A Prospective Study of Mid-Trimester MCP-1 Levels as a Predictor of Preterm Delivery." Medicines 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines10010007.

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Background: The prevention of preterm delivery (PTD) represents one of the major topics in modern obstetrics. The aim was to design a prospective study and investigate if mid-trimester serum and amniotic fluid levels of MCP-1 could predict the occurence of spontaneous PTD. Methods: The study involved 198 women who underwent genetic amniocentesis and blood sampling in the middle of their trimester. After applying the criteria for inclusion in the study, there were 16 respondents in the study group, and 38 respondents in the control group. Level of MCP-1 in amniotic fluid and serum was measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and statistical analysis was conducted. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in serum or amniotic fluid MCP1 levels between PTD and the control groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that MCP-1 is probably not the most relevant marker for predicting PTD. This study provides new normative data for MCP-1 levels in amniotic fluid and maternal sera and is a valuable tool for future diagnostic and comparative studies.

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Landis Floyd, H. "Prevention Through Design." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 16, no. 3 (May 2010): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2010.936115.

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McLaughlin, John M., Farid L. Khan, Heinz-Josef Schmitt, Yasmeen Agosti, Luis Jodar, Eric Simões, and David L. Swerdlow. "1719. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalization Rates among US Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1897.

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Abstract Background Understanding the true magnitude of infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) burden is critical for determining the potential public-health benefit of RSV prevention strategies. Although global reviews of infant RSV burden exist, none have summarized data from the United States or evaluated how RSV burden estimates are influenced by variations in study design. Methods We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies describing RSV-associated hospitalization rates among US infants. We also examined the impact of key study characteristics on these estimates. Results After review of 3058 articles through January 2020, we identified 25 studies with 31 unique estimates of RSV-associated hospitalization rates. Among US infants < 1 year of age, annual rates ranged from 8.4 to 40.8 per 1000 with a pooled rate= 19.4 (95%CI= 17.9–20.9). Study type was associated with RSV hospitalization rates (P =.003), with active surveillance studies having pooled rates per 1000 (11.1; 95%CI: 9.8–12.3) that were half that of studies based on administrative claims (21.4; 95%CI: 19.5–23.3) or modeling approaches (23.2; 95%CI: 20.2–26.2). Conclusion Applying the pooled rates identified in our review to the 2020 US birth cohort suggests that 73,680 to 86,020 RSV-associated infant hospitalizations occur each year. To date, public-health officials have used conservative estimates from active surveillance as the basis for defining US infant RSV burden. The full range of RSV-associated hospitalization rates identified in our review better characterizes the true RSV burden in infants and can better inform future evaluations of RSV prevention strategies. Disclosures John M. McLaughlin, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Farid L. Khan, MPH, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Heinz-Josef Schmitt, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Yasmeen Agosti, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Luis Jodar, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Eric Simões, MD, Pfizer (Consultant, Research Grant or Support) David L. Swerdlow, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder)

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El Genedy-Kalyoncu, Monira, Alexandra Fastner, Bettina Völzer, Kathrin Raeder, Konrad Neumann, Nils Axel Lahmann, and Jan Kottner. "Comparison of two skin protection regimes for the Prevention of Incontinence-associated Dermatitis in geriatric care (PID): a study protocol for an exploratory randomised controlled pragmatic trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e065909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065909.

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IntroductionThe majority of aged long-term care receivers and patients in geriatric acute care are affected by some form of incontinence. These individuals are at risk of developing incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), a common type of irritant contact dermatitis caused by repeated and prolonged direct contact of the skin with urine and stool. The prevalence of IAD in these settings is high. Preventive measures include mild skin cleansing and the application of skin protecting leave-on products. Available evidence is weak regarding the comparative performance of different skin protection strategies and products due to a lack of confirmatory trials using relevant comparators and endpoints. Therefore, the overall aim of this exploratory trial is to compare the effects of three skin protection strategies to estimate effect sizes of the recently published core outcomes in IAD research.Methods and analysisA pragmatic three-arm, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled, exploratory trial with parallel group design will be performed, comparing film-forming and lipophilic skin protecting leave-on products for IAD prevention with standard incontinence care alone. The trial will be conducted in geriatric nursing homes and geriatric acute care settings in the federal state of Berlin, Germany. A total of n=210 participants being incontinent of urine and stool will be included. Outcomes include IAD incidence, erythema, erosion, maceration, IAD-related pain, patient satisfaction, safety, feasibility and compliance. IAD incidence of the control and intervention groups will be compared to estimate effect sizes, and the procedural feasibility of the intervention will be tested to plan a possible subsequent confirmatory randomised controlled trial.Ethics and disseminationThe study received the approval of the ethics committee of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA4/043/22). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed open-access journals and international conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05403762) and German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, or DRKS) (DRKS00028954).

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Howard, John. "Prevention through Design — Introduction." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.022.

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Bers, Marina Umaschi, Amanda Strawhacker, and Miki Vizner. "The design of early childhood makerspaces to support positive technological development." Library Hi Tech 36, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-06-2017-0112.

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Purpose With the advent of the maker movement, there has been a new push to explore how spaces of learning ought to be designed. The purpose of this paper is to integrate three approaches for thinking about the role of design of the learning environment: the makerspace movement, Reggio Emilia’s Third Teacher approach, and the positive technological development (PTD) framework. Design/methodology/approach This paper describes two case studies that involved the design of two different early childhood makerspaces (ECMSs) through a co-participatory design experience: the Kindergarten Creator Space at the International School of Billund in Denmark; and the ECMS at (removed for blind review), a resource library in Medford, MA. Findings Based on the foundational education framework of PTD, and ideas from the field of interior design, this paper describes the design principles of several successful makerspaces, and case examples of children who use them. Originality/value By grounding the theoretical discussion in three approaches, the authors aim to suggest design elements of physical spaces in schools and libraries that can promote young children’s learning through making. Recommendations are discussed for practitioners and researchers interested in ECMSs.

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Avin, Keith G., Timothy A. Hanke, Neva Kirk-Sanchez, Christine M. McDonough, Tiffany E. Shubert, Jason Hardage, and Greg Hartley. "Management of Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Clinical Guidance Statement From the Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association." Physical Therapy 95, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 815–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140415.

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Background Falls in older adults are a major public health concern due to high prevalence, impact on health outcomes and quality of life, and treatment costs. Physical therapists can play a major role in reducing fall risk for older adults; however, existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) related to fall prevention and management are not targeted to physical therapists. Objective The purpose of this clinical guidance statement (CGS) is to provide recommendations to physical therapists to help improve outcomes in the identification and management of fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Design and Methods The Subcommittee on Evidence-Based Documents of the Practice Committee of the Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy developed this CGS. Existing CPGs were identified by systematic search and critically appraised using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation in Europe II (AGREE II) tool. Through this process, 3 CPGs were recommended for inclusion in the CGS and were synthesized and summarized. Results Screening recommendations include asking all older adults in contact with a health care provider whether they have fallen in the previous year or have concerns about balance or walking. Follow-up should include screening for balance and mobility impairments. Older adults who screen positive should have a targeted multifactorial assessment and targeted intervention. The components of this assessment and intervention are reviewed in this CGS, and barriers and issues related to implementation are discussed. Limitations A gap analysis supports the need for the development of a physical therapy–specific CPG to provide more precise recommendations for screening and assessment measures, exercise parameters, and delivery models. Conclusion This CGS provides recommendations to assist physical therapists in the identification and management of fall risk in older community-dwelling adults.

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VanderVeen, Laurie, Nicolas Margot, Vidula Naik, Silvia Chang, Ross Martin, Hadas Dvory-Sobol, Martin Rhee, and Christian Callebaut. "73. Interim Resistance Analysis of Long-Acting Lenacapavir in Treatment-Naïve People with HIV at 28 Weeks." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.073.

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Abstract Background Lenacapavir (LEN) is a first-in-class HIV-1 capsid (CA) inhibitor in clinical development for treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection. CALIBRATE is an ongoing, phase 2 clinical study evaluating subcutaneous (SC) or oral LEN, in combination with other antiretrovirals, in treatment-naïve people with HIV-1. High rates of virologic success (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) were achieved with LEN-based regimens by FDA Snapshot analysis at Week 28. Here, we present interim resistance analyses through Week 28. Methods Participants were randomized (2:2:2:1) to treatment groups (TG) (Figure): SC LEN + oral daily emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF); at Week 28, participants switch F/TAF to oral TAF (TG-A) or bictegravir (B, BIC) (TG-B); oral daily LEN + F/TAF (TG-C), or oral daily B/F/TAF (TG-D). Genotypic analyses (population sequencing) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and integrase, and genotypic (deep sequencing)/phenotypic analyses for CA were performed at screening; genotypic and phenotypic analyses were conducted at confirmed virologic failure. Figure CALIBRATE Study Design Results 182 participants were randomized and dosed in TG-A to D (n=52, 53, 52, 25). Most participants had subtype B HIV-1 (92.9%). Sequence analysis of baseline samples found 65% of amino acid residues were conserved with < 1% variation across CA overall, and 55% of residues were fully conserved. No mutations were detected at 6 positions in CA associated with reduced susceptibility to LEN in vitro; residues were fully conserved at 5 positions (L56, M66, Q67, K70, N74), and < 2% variation was observed at 1 position (T107). Three participants met the criteria for resistance analysis: 2 participants resuppressed to < 50 copies/mL while continuing treatment. One participant on SC LEN + F/TAF developed emergent resistance to LEN (Q67H+K70R) and emtricitabine (M184M/I), followed by resuppression after starting dolutegravir, zidovudine + lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Conclusion Emergent resistance to LEN was uncommon in treatment-naïve participants receiving SC or oral LEN (0.6%, 1/157). These interim resistance findings support the ongoing evaluation of LEN for treatment and prevention of HIV. Disclosures Laurie VanderVeen, PhD, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Nicolas Margot, MA, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Vidula Naik, MSc, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Silvia Chang, Masters, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Ross Martin, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Hadas Dvory-Sobol, PhD, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Martin Rhee, MD, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Christian Callebaut, PhD, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder)

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Achutan, Chandran. "Prevention through Design in New Technologies." Journal of Agromedicine 26, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2021.1849107.

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Samsudin, Nor Syamimi, Mohammad Nazrin Zainal Abidin, Mazlina Zaira Mohammad, Ahmad Faisol Yusof, and Muhammad Hasif Mohamad Salehan. "Prevention through Design: Architecture Student Cognizance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 738, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/738/1/012070.

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Toole, T. Michael, and Karen Erger. "Prevention through Design: Promising or Perilous?" Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction 11, no. 1 (February 2019): 04518023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)la.1943-4170.0000284.

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Mann, J. Adin. "Education Issues in Prevention through Design." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.009.

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Howe, Jim. "Policy Issues in Prevention through Design." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.010.

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Lin, Mei-Li. "Practice Issues in Prevention through Design." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.011.

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Gambatese, John A. "Research Issues in Prevention through Design." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.012.

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Funderburk, LesLee, Thomas Cardaci, Andrew Fink, Keyanna Taylor, Jane Rohde, and Debra Harris. "Healthy Behaviors through Behavioral Design–Obesity Prevention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 5049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145049.

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Evidence for behavior modification for improved health outcomes was evaluated for nutrition, physical activity (PA), and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The databases searched included LISTA, PubMed, and Web of Science, with articles rated using an a priori baseline score of 70/100 to establish inclusion. The initial search produced 52,847 articles, 63 of which were included in the qualitative synthesis. Thirteen articles met inclusion for nutrition: cafeteria interventions, single interventions, and vending interventions. Seventeen articles on physical activity were included: stair use, walking, and adjustable desks. For IEQ, 33 articles met inclusion: circadian disruption, view and natural light, and artificial light. A narrative synthesis was used to find meaningful connections across interventions with evidence contributing to health improvements. Commonalities throughout the nutrition studies included choice architecture, increasing the availability of healthy food items, and point-of-purchase food labeling. Interventions that promoted PA included stair use, sit/stand furniture, workplace exercise facilities and walking. Exposure to natural light and views of natural elements were found to increase PA and improve sleep quality. Overexposure to artificial light may cause circadian disruption, suppressing melatonin and increasing risks of cancers. Overall, design that encourages healthy behaviors may lower risks associated with chronic disease.

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Johannes, Hendro Putra, Rheza Maulana, and Herdis Herdiansyah. "Prevention of Littering through Improved Visual Design." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 77, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.77.4.25043.

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Littering is a daunting environmental issue that occurs daily; the impact of littering can range from lowering the aesthetic appeal of a city to polluting waterways and biomes. Littering persists on a collective and individual level despite the existence of numerous laws and regulations that prohibit it. We assume that there is a correlation between the effectiveness of visual aids and littering behavior. Poorly designed prohibitive signs and inaccessible trash bins could be part of the reason why littering persists. The current research aims to evaluate existing prohibitive signs and trash bins and to design some improvements. The researchers used direct observation methods of visual designs based on socio-psychological persuasion techniques and a questionnaire conducted at the School of Environmental Science of Universitas Indonesia. The results showed that respondents were generally aware of littering being a serious issue that could lead to environmental problems. The university campus was generally clean; however, respondents stated that they often saw plastic trash in sewer and drainage areas. University residents do litter despite adverse social judgment. In addition, respondents stated that they responded better to visually pleasing encouragement posters rather than the standard prohibitive signs on proper waste disposal behavior.

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Md Radzi, Mohd Zulhaimi Izwan, Zarina Isnin, and Zaharah Yahya. "Enlivening the Waterfront: Crime prevention through design." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i3.347.

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This paper proposed a theoretical design principle to enlivening waterfront space planning for crime prevention. Waterfront is usually the focal point of urban or port activity and became the symbiosis between water-related and urban-based functions. Increasing reports on crime problem have caused design, planning and development of waterfronts to be challenging and contentious. This study involved qualitative method and observation to Lumut Waterfront in Perak, Malaysia. Design approaches were identified based on crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Characteristics and criteria of CPTED were adapted to emphasise on public safety. It may be costly, but safety is more important.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Crime Prevention; Environmental Design; Public Safety; Waterfront

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Griswold, J. A., M. Poradek, and V. OTR Martinez. "Prevention of Syndactily Through Pressure Garment Design." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 19 (January 1998): S249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-199801001-00229.

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Toole, T. Michael, John A. Gambatese, and Deborah A. Abowitz. "Owners’ Role in Facilitating Prevention through Design." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 143, no. 1 (January 2017): 04016012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ei.1943-5541.0000295.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Prevention through Design (PtD)'

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