Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prevention through Design (PtD)'
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Dobbins, Kevin James. "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design and Burglary Prevention: A Systematic Social Observation Approach." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2568.
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Deniz, Deniz Saygın Nicel. "Secure urban environments by design:analysis of Konak square design through"crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)princioples/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezlerengelli/doktora/sehirplanlama/T000615.pdf.
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Kauffman, Joseph Ulrich IV. "The Xcel Sleeve: Fall Prevention Through Digital Strength Training." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32712.
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In America, a person has a 1 in 3 chance of falling each year once they reach the age of 65. When someone falls, they risk bodily injury. There are products available to help people when they fall, but they are only effective once a person reaches a point where they are at risk of falling. In order to reduce an individualâ s chance of falling as they age, preventive measures must be taken before the problems develop. With the use of digital technology, adults can be properly instructed on how to keep they bodies strong and balanced for there golden years. This thesis documents the research, conceptualization, and development of the Xcel Sleeve.Master of Science
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Marklund, Jessika, and Sara Åhrberg. "Evaluation of an area in Sweden using Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31976.
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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a crime preventive approach used for the physical environment to reduce criminal activity. CPTED consists of six principles: Territoriality, Surveillance, Target hardening, Image and Management/Maintenance, Access control and Activity support. The aim of this study was to evaluate an area in the center of a medium sized town in Sweden according to the CPTED principles. The area was divided into three zones, field inspections and analyses of the area were conducted five times using a checklist based on the CPTED principles. Photographs were taken for documentation. Key findings were that Territoriality, Image and Management/Maintenance and Access control need improvements. From the findings a risk assessment on the impact of criminality was made on each principle in each zone and was also summed up to a total. The total indicated that there was a medium risk on impact of criminality on two of the three zones and low on the third zone.2017-06-01
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Jux, Cassara. "Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and its role in master planned communities /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19786.pdf.
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Piombini, Marino. "Crime prevention through environmental design : the status and prospects for CPTED in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26899.
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The "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design" (CPTED) concept promises to reduce the opportunities and fear of crime in neighbourhoods. By reducing the opportunities for crime, it is assumed that people will become less fearful of moving freely about their environment. This assumption requires further study.
This thesis reviews the current status of CPTED in eleven municipalities in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. Based on a series of interviews with law enforcement and planning officials, the thesis examines the promotion, principles and practice of CPTED.
The findings suggest that the promotion of CPTED is inadequate. Additionally, CPTED may conflict with other planning objectives. Furthermore, since the concept only promises to reduce the opportunities for crime, evaluating Its performance is difficult. As a result, only a small number of municipalities have incorporated CPTED into their planning process.
The thesis concludes that in spite of the limited success of CPTED to date, research on the theory and practice of the concept should continue. Recommendations are suggested to facilitate the implementation, evaluation and promotion of CPTED in the future.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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COSS, BENJAMIN EDWARD. "Designing Out Crime : Internal & External Aspects of Safety." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212089873.
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Prevatt, Juliana S. "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and the role of facilities planning in force protection." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA359670.
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Monchuk, Leanne. "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) : investigating its application and delivery in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2016. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/27933/.
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This thesis has two aims. First, it examines how the principles of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) are practically applied by a representative sample of 28 Architectural Liaison Officers (ALOs) across England and Wales. Second, it investigates how CPTED is delivered across Greater Manchester by Greater Manchester Police Design for Security Consultancy (DFSC). The research demonstrates that when presented with a set of residential plans ALOs are, to varying extents, able to identify locations which time shows have higher levels of crime and disorder. Whilst there is a skill exhibited by ALOs, there is a wide range of performance with some ALOs tending to overstate the risks posed. The skill therefore requires finessing to ensure that ALO input is maximally useful. It is argued that those responsible for the application of CPTED should be afforded more training and resources to allow them to develop this skill. Research underpinning ALO advice also needs to be developed. The way in which CPTED is delivered across Greater Manchester is atypical when compared to other forces across England and Wales. CPTED in Manchester is applied by former built environment professionals and a fee is charged for the production of a Crime Impact Statement (CIS). The aim of the CIS is to ensure that CPTED is considered early in the design and planning process. The thesis reports on how the CIS process was delivered during a period of austerity and examines how DFSC liaise with key stakeholders in compiling the CIS. The associated police recorded crime data for four residential CIS developments is reviewed as a means of measuring the extent to which the developments experienced crime and disorder compared to the immediate surrounding area. During the period of analysis no burglary offences were recorded. Analysis reveals that the involvement of DFSC is dependent upon a client being aware of the policy requirement for a CIS to accompany major planning applications. Some clients request a CIS late in the design and planning process, which limits the time DFSC can appraise the scheme and provide a consultative service. The content and structure of the CIS’ varies depending upon when and by whom the CIS is written. Whilst CPTED is an important consideration for LPAs across Manchester, it is only one consideration, amongst others, for planning officers.
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Shariati, Auzeen. "An Assessment of The Role of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) in Campus Safety." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3391.
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The use of crime prevention initiatives on American college campuses has rapidly increased in the past three decades as high profile crime incidents continue to erode the public’s perception of universities as sanctuaries —isolated from criminal activity. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an environmental approach to crime prevention that refers to strategies that focus on reducing crime opportunities by manipulating the physical and social qualities of the environment. Although empirical research on CPTED is growing, little is known about the impact of this method on educational settings. The main argument of the present study is that CPTED has the potential to foster campus safety by reducing crime and increasing the perception of safety. Based on findings from previous studies, it is expected that universities with higher level of CPTED are more likely to have lower crime rates, and students residing in high CPTED campus facilities are more likely to have higher perception of safety.
To test the hypothesized effect, a content analysis of the annual safety reports of 100 postsecondary institutions in the United States was conducted. In addition, the residents of two dormitories of a university were surveyed to assess their safety perceptions. Furthermore, a case study was conducted in a college campus with a systematic deployment of the CPTED approach. In-depth interviews, one focus group, in-site observations, and analysis of secondary data were performed to contextualize the study findings.
Although the quantitative analysis of the national review of the annual safety reports did not provide evidence in support of the hypothesized effect, it uncovered a reverse relationship between crime rate and use of environmental crime prevention measures. The results of the survey of students’ perception of safety, on the other hand, revealed evidence in support of the second hypothesis of the dissertation. Furthermore, the qualitative case study analysis provided insight into the implementation procedures, strengths, and challenges of the systematic CPTED program. The main findings show how CPTED works in the academic context and what alterations are needed to advance the program.
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Howard, Mark R. "Crime prevention through environmental design, an investigation of the effect of modular lotting on property crime." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ43175.pdf.
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Ewert, Peter. "Crime prevention through environmental design, maintaining a safe and clean environment in the downtown (Nova Scotia)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/MQ48264.pdf.
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Fischman, Allison. "Reconciling crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and walkability factors for safe, active trips to school the role of school site size, placement and design /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025038.
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Pihkala, S. (Suvi). "Touchable matters:reconfiguring sustainable change through participatory design, education, and everyday engagement for non-violence." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218434.
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Abstract Sustainability is a catchword for contemporary concerns of environmental and societal vulnerability. Scholars, policymakers, designers, and educators alike find themselves knotted increasingly within fabrics of sustainability, approached as an object of concern in education and technoscientific projects. In relation, scholars drawing from posthuman and new materialist thinking have begun to re-imagine sustainability. Considering human subjectivity as part of the world in its ongoing, reiterative becoming has introduced new possibilities to rethink responsibility in and for sustainable change. This research is rooted in my engaged practices of participatory design and education on violence, violence prevention, and non-violence, which form the empirical research terrain of this study. This dissertation includes four articles that inquire into the practices in question by exploring possibilities for nurturing non-violence—and by scrutinising responsible participatory practices in design. This synopsis re-engages with the results presented in the articles mentioned and participates in calls to rethink sustainability. In order to reconsider sustainability in and for practices of sustainable change, I develop theoretical thinking based on response-ability and touch, as discussed by Karen Barad and Donna Haraway. Through a diffractive, affirmative engagement with sustainability in the engaged practices of change-making, I aim to unfold the affordances of feminist (new) materialist renegotiations of ethics and responsibility, in order to inform responsible participatory practices of change-making and, in particular, change towards non-violence. This research offers insight into the intricate ways sustainability reconfigures in and through practices of change-making in participatory design, education, and everyday engagements for non-violence. I begin by proposing a thinking and practice of response-able engagement. Then, through the idea of touchable matters, I foreground how the co-constituted conditions of ethically sustainable response become reconfigured in the designerly, the researcherly, the pedagogical, and other everyday practices, challenging for a shift to a new mode of entangled response-ability for sustainable change and towards non-violenceTiivistelmä Kestävyys on aikaamme läpileikkaava, sosiaalisiin ja ekologisiin epäkohtiin tarttuva haaste, joka yhdistää tutkijoita ja muita toimijoita moninaisina jaetun huolen ja interventioiden kohteina myös koulutuksellisissa ja teknotieteellisissä projekteissa. Posthumanistinen ja uusmaterialistinen ajattelu on haastanut ymmärryksiä kestävyydestä asettamalla inhimillisen toimijuuden erottamattomaksi osaksi maailman jatkuvia tulemisen ja tuottumisen prosesseja. Painopiste kestävyyden, muutoksen ja niihin liittyvien vastuullisuuksien tarkastelussa on siirtynyt arkisten käytänteiden moniulotteisiin kietoutuneisuuksiin. Väitöstutkimukseni sisältää neljä artikkelia, jotka perustuvat kahteen empiiriseen kokonaisuuteen. Työni aineisto on tuotettu tutkimalla työpaikkakiusaamiseen liittyvän osallistuvan suunnittelun vastuullisia käytänteitä sekä väkivaltaa, väkivallan ehkäisemistä ja väkivallattomuutta käsittelevää akateemista koulutusta. Väitöskirjaan sisältyvissä artikkeleissa olen tarkastellut pyrkimyksiä kohti väkivallattomuutta sekä muutokseen sitoutuneita ja siihen moninaisesti kietoutuvia käytänteitä. Työni yhteenveto-osassa työstän artikkeleissa esitettyjä osallistumista, refleksiivisyyttä, välittämistä ja väkivallattomuutta käsitteleviä tuloksia diffraktiivisesti. Työstämisen teoreettis-käsitteellisenä kumppanina toimivat Karen Baradin ja Donna Harawayn kosketusta ja vastuullisuutta käsittelevät keskustelut. Yhteenvedon tavoitteena on tarkastella feministisen (uus)materialistisen ajattelun mahdollisuuksia tuottaa uutta ymmärrystä kestävyydestä osana vastuullisia osallistuvia toimintatapoja muutoksen – ja erityisesti väkivallattomuuteen pyrkivän muutoksen – jokapäiväisissä käytänteissä. Kestävän muutoksen ja väkivallattomuuden mahdollisuudet tuottuvat osallistuvan suunnittelun, koulutuksen ja arjen käytänteissä moninaisin tavoin. Vastuullisuutta tarkastellessani esitän ajatuksen ”koskettavista kudelmista”, mikä kutsuu tunnistamaan, kuinka eettisen kestävyyden ja suhteisuuden mahdollisuudet ”kanssatuottuvat” arkisissa kohtaamisissa. Samalla se haastaa rakentamaan uudenlaista, tähän eettis-ontologiseen kietoutuneisuuteen sitoutunutta vastuullisuutta jokapäiväisissä suunnittelun, tutkimuksen, koulutuksen ja arjen pyrkimyksissä kohti kestävää muutosta ja väkivallattomuutta
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Adams, Stephen. "Analyzing Injury in Canadian Youth Ice Hockey through a Mixed Method Observational Design: Moving Beyond the Mechanisms of Injury to the Socio-Cultural Complexities of Implementing Injury Prevention Strategies." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26283.
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Ice hockey is a sport known for its speed and skill. However, its intensely physical nature is associated with the potential risk of injury, which has become a major public controversy in Canada (Cusimano, Sharma, Lawrence, et al., 2013; Emery et al., 2010). Epidemiological research has adequately documented the frequency and severity of injury (King & LeBlanc, 2006; Yard & Comstock, 2006). Yet, because of methodological limitations and the lack of systematic and mandatory injury prevention strategies implemented nationwide, injuries remain high (Cusimano, Nastis, & Zuccaro, 2013; Emery et al, 2010). An alternative methodology, combined with broadening injury definitions can provide a more detailed assessment of the risks of, and circumstances, around injury.
A methodology, based primarily on observational techniques, was utilized to examine injury in body checking hockey when it is first introduced to youth players. Injury was defined as ‘any physical trauma that has occurred as a result of participation in an organized competition’ including four categories of injury severity. In a comparison of Ontario Peewee (ages 11-12) with Québec Bantam (ages 13-14) boys hockey, no significant differences were found in overall injury (χ2: 0.22; p:0.64), however, there were significant differences in frequency of body checking related injury; 76% versus 59% (χ2:4.76; p:0.03). The odds of being injured due to body checking are 2.158 times higher in Peewee (βex 2.158; 95%CI: 1.07-4.34; p:0.03) indicating no increased risk of injury when body checking is introduced later while delaying introduction reduces the frequency of body checking related injury.
Ongoing public debate in Canada concerning safety in youth hockey is understood through the theoretical lens of discourse (Foucault, 1972, 1990). The dominant discourse in Canada around hockey is based in a traditional, physically dominant model, where intense physical contact is not only inevitable but desirable. The reverse discourse prioritizes the safety of participants over the potential of lessening the intense physicality of the Canadian style of play. These competing discourses create tension and ambivalence amongst safety advocates and conservative hockey practitioners and enthusiasts. The emotionality of hockey stakeholders often overwhelms logic regarding safety decisions, ultimately impacting progressive injury prevention initiatives.
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Rhodes, Stephanie Marie. "The Environmental Design Barrier:Gendered Perceptions of Safety on The Ohio State University Campus." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555323315548223.
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Nenzen, Marie. "The contradiction between public space and safety: challenges and positives stories in post-apartheid Johannesburg : - a field study of the urban landscape in Johannesburg and the open urban village of Parkhurst." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-96413.
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The purpose with this thesis is to explore the urban landscape in post-apartheid Johannesburg, investigate the concept of the growing numbers of various types of urban villages and moreover look into the open urban village of Parkhurst. The main questions that are addressed in the thesis are: How would the urban landscape in post-apartheid Johannesburg be described and which types of urban villages can be identified? What would the residents in Parkhurst explain to be the reasons for living in an open urban village and what are their opinions on safety, public space and closed urban villages? Qualitative methods were used as in observation studies and inductive in-depth interviews during the field study in Parkhurst, Johannesburg. The study shows that the concept of urban villages can create both a negative spatial situation and a positive spatial situation – depending on the type of urban village. The thesis also shows that it is possible to feel safe living in a open urban village in a city with high crime and that thoughtful design and effective management of spaces in the city are essential factors that can prevent places from becoming ‘hot spots’ for crime.
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Borg, Lovisa, and Jessica Bäckman. "Brottsförebyggande åtgärder i den fysiska planeringen och trygghet i staden -En jämförande studie mellan Vallastaden och Skäggetorp." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-83431.
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Studien syftar till att undersöka brottsförebyggande åtgärder i den fysiska planeringen, för att skapa ett tryggare samhälle. Huvudfokus har varit att utföra en jämförande studie av stadsdelarna Vallastaden och Skäggetorp i Linköping. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur dessa skiljer sig åt utifrån de teoretiska utgångspunkter studien behandlar gällande brottsförebyggande planering. De teoretiska utgångspunkter som behandlas i studien är valda utifrån dess lämplighet för uppsatsens syfte, därmed läggs fokus på teorier och begrepp som behandlar brottsförebyggande åtgärder i den fysiska planeringen i relation till trygghet. Bland annat används CPTED, Defensible space och Broken Windows, där inflytelserika författare är Oscar Newman, C. Ray Jeffrey, James Q. Wilsson, och George L. Kelling. Ytterligare teoretiska utgångspunkter som studien behandlar är trottoarer/gators upplevda trygghet, kameraövervakning, kvinnors upplevda trygghet och brottsförebyggande planering, där Jane Jacobs, Boverket, Carina Listerborn och BRÅ bland annat är ledande författare. För att undersöka studiens syfte har tidigare teoretiska utgångspunkter använts och även utförda observationer i respektive stadsdelar. För att vidare erhålla ytterligare empiri har en intervju med en kommunpolis i Linköping ägt rum. Detta för att få en ökad förståelse för hur polisen arbetar kring brottsförebyggande åtgärder och hur de samarbetar med andra aktörer för att skapa en minskad brottslighet och ökad trygghet i samhället. Studiens empiriska material bestående av observationer och intervju har sammanställts och därefter har en analys genomförts för att få svar på syfte och frågeställningar som studien behandlar. Resultatet av studien visar att den upplevda tryggheten påverkas av städers fysiska form, och att detta i sin tur har betydelse för brottsligheten i samhället. En god placering och utformning av bland annat byggnader, parker, centrumfunktioner och gång- och cykelvägar är en förutsättning för att en informell övervakning överhuvudtaget ska kunna ske. Detta bidrar i sin tur till ett konstant rörelseflöde av människor, vilket kan minska brottslighet. Det framkommer även att det inte är en enkel uppgift där endast en ensam aktör bär ansvaret, utan det krävs att ett flertal aktörer samverkar för att öka tryggheten och minska brottsligheten.
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Luz, Thiara Christianne Barbosa de Albuquerque Marques. "Desenho urbano e violência: um estudo de caso no bairro Ponta da Terra em Maceió, AL." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1320.
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The increase in urban violence in Brazil became a frequent subject in the media and the general fear changes the constructed space to reflect and produce even more insecurity. The city has changed, individuals are isolated and ancient streets that were crowded are now lifeless spaces, further causing this feeling of insecurity. Within this context this work seeks to understand how urban design can help prevent various forms of violence that occur on city streets. To better understand this, maps were initially performed with the spatial data of violence in the city of Maceió, which formed the basis for the choice of the study area. The process resulted in the selection of the Ponta da Terra neighbourhood, for some features like great movement and a variety of uses, and its data violence is small compared to the data of the neighbourhoods that surround it. The analysis was done with maps, interviews to understand the perception of residents regarding violence in the neighborhood, and using criteria of CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Enviromental Design), where the physical, functional and environmental characteristics of areas were analyzed. This dissertation aims to discuss the influence of spatial factors in the local crime such as block sizes, lighting distribution and existence of shields that prevent or hinder the view of passers-by, among other things. The problem should be seen in a larger context, the city, the state, the country so that the intervention in an area does not lead to increased crime in another, since the lack of space planning could only move the crimes to other areas. Public policies must be integrated in orderto meet the basic needs of the population and public safety one.O aumento da violência no Brasil tornou-se assunto frequente nas mídias e o medo generalizado leva o espaço construído a insumos que refletem na produção de mais insegurança. A cidade se transformou, a sociedade se isolou e as ruas antigas que eram movimentadas deram lugar a espaços sem vida, causando ainda mais esse sentimento de insegurança. Dentro desse contexto esse trabalho procura compreender como o desenho urbano pode ajudar a prevenir diversas formas de violência que ocorrem nas ruas das cidades. Para essa compreensão inicialmente foram realizados mapeamentos com a espacialização dos dados de violência no Município de Maceió, que serviram de base para a escolha da área de estudo. O processo resultou na escolha do bairro Ponta da Terra, por algumas características como grande movimentação e a diversidade de usos, e por seus dados de violência ser menores se comparados aos dados dos bairros que o circundam. A análise foi feita com mapeamentos, entrevistas para compreensão da percepção dos moradores com relação à violência no bairro, utilizando-se de critérios do CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Enviromental Design), onde foram analisadas as características físicas, funcionais e ambientais dos espaços. Esta dissertação objetiva discutir a influência dos fatores espaciais na criminalidade local, tais como tamanho de quadras, distribuição de iluminação e existência de anteparos que impedem ou dificultam a visualização dos transeuntes, entre outros aspectos. Estes devem ser considerados e o problema deve ser visto em um contexto maior, a cidade, o estado, o país de modo que a intervenção em uma área não implique no aumento da criminalidade em outra, já que a falta de planejamento do espaço poderia apenas mover os crimes para outras áreas. As políticas devem ser integradas no sentido de atender às necessidades básicas da população, sendo a segurança pública uma delas.
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Johansson, Linn. "Miljonprogrammets inflytande på kvinnans upplevda trygghet i staden : En kvalitativ fallstudie på miljonprogramsområdet Sätra, Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33011.
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Sätra är en stadsdel i Gävle kommun som byggdes under miljonprogrammet. När Sätra byggdes var många av byggnaderna standardiserade för kostnadseffektivitet. Stadsdelen har idag ett rykte med brottsproblematik och otrygga invånare, allra mest kvinnorna. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på om standardiseringen har påverkat tryggheten hos Sätras kvinnliga invånare negativt. Målet är att ta fram ett förslag på hur Sätra kan förbättra tryggheten. Med detta tas gestaltningsförslag fram på otrygga platser för att visualisera hur tryggheten kan förbättras med fysisk utformning. För att genomföra detta arbete har då en multimetod applicerats. Den första metoden för att samla kvalitativa data var genom platsanalyser på studieområdet. Där utfördes tre platsanalyser: en på dagen, en på kvällen och en igen på dagen för att samla ytterliga information. Sedan skickades en enkät ut till Sätraborna för att samla in deras åsikter. De fick även svara hur trygg eller otrygg de känner sig på vissa platser för att peka ut vilka av dessa platser som är mest otrygga. De platserna kunde sedan analyseras mer för att ta reda på vilka faktorer som de har gemensamt för att kunna identifiera vad som påverkar tryggheten. Detta data användes för att skapa en heatmap. Genom brottsdata insamlat från polisen kunde en heatmap för brottsplatser skapas och jämföras med otrygghetskartan. Slutligen med hjälp av teori och dessa metoder togs förslag fram på hur dessa otrygga platser kan förbättras. Svarsfrekvensen på enkäten var 48 kvinnor av 61 respondenter, så enkäten representerar inte vad hela Sätra tycker tillräckligt. Tack vare teori och hjälp från en expert inom ämnet kunde trots allt resultatet valideras. Faktorer som kan påverka tryggheten är belysning, siktlinjer, naturlig övervakning, rykte, image, underhåll och mänsklig aktivitet. Sätra har flertal av dessa listade faktorer, men belysning, underhåll, siktlinjer och ett stärkt samfund är det som saknas mest. Ryktet är även en influerande faktor, som med hjälp av en bättre image och gemenskap i stadsdelen kan stärka tryggheten. Det finns många olika faktorer kring trygghet och säkerhet som är svåra att besvara i ett examensarbete. Men den tydligaste slutsatsen att dra efter denna studie är att Sätra Centrum och de intilliggande områdena är i stort behov av underhåll, bättre belysning och ett förstärkt samfund med hjälp av bättre image.Nyckelord:Sätra is a district in Gävle municipality in Sweden, which was built during the Million Programme. When Sätra was built, many of the buildings were standardised for cost effectiveness. The district has today a bad reputation with crime problems and citizens who feel unsafe, particularly the women. The aim of this study is to find out if the standardization has negatively affected the perceived safety of Sätra’s female inhabitants. The objective is to bring forth a suggestion on how Sätra can improve the perceived safety of the area, and to create a design proposal on how these areas can improve through physical design. To accomplish this objective a multi method have been applied. The first method was site analysis on the study area, which of three were carried through two on during daytime and one during the evening. A survey was also sent out to habitants of Sätra to collect their opinions on the matter. They also had to answer how safe or unsafe they felt on different picked out places to analyse which components the unsafe areas have in common. This data was also used to make a heat map, and crime statistics data was collected from the police to make a heat map. These two heat maps were later compared. Lastly, a design proposal was brought forth. The response rate of the survey was 48 women out of 61 responses. Therefore, the survey does not completely represent what everyone of Sätra’s residents think. However, thanks to earlier research and the help of an expert in the subject the results could be validated. Factors that affect the perceived safety are lighting, sightlines, natural surveillance, reputation, image, maintenance, and human activity. Sätra has several factors that plays into the lack of perceived safety, but lighting, maintenance, sightlines, and a strengthened community is what is missing the most. Reputation is also an influential factor, which with the help of a strengthened image and stronger community in the district can improve the perceived safety. There are many different factors playing in to perceived safety and actual safety that are hard to answer in a bachelor thesis. However, the most evident conclusion to draw from this study is that Sätra Centrum and its neighbouring residential areas need maintenance, improved lighting, and a reinforced community and image.
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Jones, Cydnie. "Designing a neighborhood to prevent crime and increase physical activity: a case study among African-American women in Kansas City, Missouri." Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19118.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Hyung Jin Kim
Obesity levels—related to an increase of physical inactivity—are rapidly rising in the United States (CDC 2010; Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 2008). Reportedly, African-American women have the highest obesity rates when compared to any other demographic in the United States—especially those residing in crime-plagued urban environments (CDC 2010). Yet active living strategies by designers have been least effective amongst this demographic (Day 2006). Researchers report crime-safety perceptions are one of the biggest environmental factors influencing physical activity levels amongst low-income African-American women (Foster and Giles-Corti 2008; Codinhoto 2009). Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) has been the most common practice towards an intervention of criminal activity in the built environment; however, little practice has addressed both CPTED and physical activity. While first and second generation crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) are inclusive of addressing both physical and social aspects of the built environment (Cleveland and Seville 2008; Griffin et al. 2008; Dekeseredy et al. 2009), they have yet to effectively address crime-safety needs and its potential relationship with physical activity behaviors of low-income African-American women and their neighborhoods. Therefore, what built environment changes tailored for this target population—African- American women—are necessary? This study examines 1) what crime safety perceptions of the built environment are affecting low--income African American women’s physical activity levels in Kansas City, Missouri and 2) what design solutions these women suggest could help increase their physical activity levels, through improving their perceptions of neighborhood safety. As a place-specific study on a low income neighborhood in Kansas City, Missouri, selected through GIS suitability analyses with literature-based criteria, this study used survey and focus group interview methods to identify the target group’s design suggestions. The findings resulted with a connection from research to design solutions—neighborhood and street-level design strategies with CPTED guidelines linking the researched participant’s perceptions of crime in their built environment to the effect of crime on their own physical activity.
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Cerqueira, Hilário. "A “criminalidade de rua” na freguesia de Campelo:Estudo de caso." Master's thesis, Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/8554.
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O presente trabalho está subordinado ao tema: a “criminalidade de rua” na freguesia
de Campelo, concelho de Baião. A tipologia deste grupo de criminalidade integra os crimes ocorridos em espaço público, podendo também ser apelidada de: “criminalidade em espaço público”. Assim, realizou-se esta investigação no sentido de perceber se as características físicas do espaço público de Campelo influenciam a “criminalidade de rua”.
Na base da investigação estão os princípios e as recomendações presentes na teoria Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).
Posteriormente foram traçados objetivos específicos que materializaram o rumo da
investigação: verificar a importância da interação entre o PTer de Baião e os responsáveis pelo urbanismo da Câmara Municipal de Baião; analisar a iluminação pública de Campelo ;
analisar o território pelos princípios da CPTED; e por fim, apresentar medidas que podem ser tomadas no sentido de melhorar o espaço físico de Campelo, com o intuito de diminuir a “criminalidade de rua”.
A metodologia utilizada na presente investigação baseou-se na consulta documental nacional e internacional, i.e., na revisão da literatura, bem como numa metodologia qualitativa para o trabalho de campo, aplicando -se entrevistas estruturadas e não estruturadas, e observação direta do espaço físico de Campelo. Porque a iluminação pública assume um papel de destaque no que concerne aos comportamentos, foram realizadas medições da iluminância pública, e com o apoio da ESRI Portugal/ DGAI, procedeu-se à análise da iluminação pública com recurso ao software ArcMap 10. Na análise da “criminalidade de rua” entre 2009 e 2011, aplicaram-se ferramentas de georreferenciação, com recurso ao Sistema de Informação Territorial da Administração Interna (SITAI).
Finda a investigação, conclui-se que o espaço público em análise não contribui para
a criminalidade ocorrida. Verifica-se que a população local sente-se agradada com o espaço. As entidades responsáveis pelo urbanismo na CMB, admitem que a opinião da GNR nas decisões de planeamento urbanístico poderá trazer vantagens. A iluminação pública de Campelo não contribuí positivamente para a ocorrência de crimes durante a noite.Abstract This investigation focused on “street crime” in the parish of Campelo, county of Baião, in Porto district, Portugal. These types of crimes include those that occur in public spaces, and are referred to as “public space crimes”. The purpose of this research is to understand the influence of the physical environment on “street crime,” in Campelo, based on the principles and recommendations of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) theory. Specific goals include: assessing the relationship between the National Guard Headquarter of Baião and the responsible department of architecture and urbanism from the City Hall of Baião; assessing public lighting in B aião and the physical environment in Campelo according to CPTED principles; and make recommendations that might improve public spaces in Campelo with the main purpose of reducing “street crime” in the parish. The methodology used was based on both a literature review and qualitative data gathered through structured and non structured interviews and direct observation of public spaces. Because it is assumed that lighting has a particular influence on human behaviour during the night time, a light meter was used to measure lighting of various public places. Both the reported crimes and the light intensity measure by “lux” where entered into a GIS – Geographic Information System - platform developed by DGAI / MAI – Ministry of Home Affairs denominated: SITAI – System of Territorial Information of Internal Administration. This research also counted with the support of ESRI and used the software ArcMap 10. The research demonstrated, in this case, the public space does not have an influence on the reported crimes. The residents if satisfied in the urban design. Those responsible for urbanism in the City Hall of Baião recognise the importance of the advantages the military might provide in urban planning. Public illumination in Campelo does not influence these crimes during the night time.
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Matthei, Jonathan. "The Impact of Implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) During Construction." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297856.
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Health and safety during construction remains a worldwide challenge that the construction industry is facing. The German construction industry recorded an average of 110,000 accidents per year in the period of 2010 to 2019. A discernible trend toward a decrease in occupational accidents is not visible. In this context, traditional safety planning does not seem to be able to guarantee sufficient health and safety during construction. In line with the BIM Roadmap published by the German Ministry of Transport in 2015, it can be recognized that Building Information Modeling (BIM) is supposed to be increasingly used in upcoming years. This paper aims to identify how BIM could positively impact Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) during construction. Therefore, a thesis procedure, combining quantitative and qualitative research with an in depth literature review is introduced. This study reveals a high added value of using BIM for (1) safety rule checking and design validation and (2) safety education, training and communication. BIM as a decision supporting tool has the potential to reduce the underestimation of safety hazards and improve safety reporting, which have been identified as current vulnerabilities in the construction industry. Furthermore, an added benefit to sustainability following the concept of Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD) is illustrated. In practice, however, BIM for OSH remains unused, while those working with BIM are not familiar with safety planning. This study indicates that in order to fully utilize the potential of BIM, intuitiveness and standardization is required, while those implementing BIM and those using BIM need to be aware of and willing to exploit the potential of new technologies. The challenge now is to recognize the potential of BIM in relation to OHS and to actively use BIM for health and safety purposes.Att skapa en säker arbetsmiljö på byggarbetsplatsen är fortfarande en global utmaning för byggbranschen. I den tyska byggbranschen inträffade till exempel i genomsnitt 110 000 olyckor per år under perioden 2010-2019 och det syns ingen märkbar minskning. I detta sammanhang verkar traditionell säkerhetsplanering inte kunna garantera tillräcklig hälsa och säkerhet under byggandet. I samband med den strategiska BIM-implementeringsplanen som publicerades av det tyska transportministeriet 2015 ska Building Information Modeling (BIM) användas i allt större utsträckning under de kommande åren. Syftet med den här artikeln är att identifiera hur BIM skulle kunna ha en positiv inverkan på arbetsmiljö och säkerhet (OHS) på byggarbetsplatsen. Studien kombinerar kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning med en djupgående litteraturgenomgång. Resultatet visar att det finns ett stort mervärde i att använda BIM för (1) kontroll av säkerhetsregler och validering av konstruktionen och (2) utbildning, träning och kommunikation om säkerhet. BIM som beslutsstöd kan möjliggöra en mer realistisk bedömning av säkerhetsrisker och förbättra säkerhetsrapporteringen, vilket har identifierats som aktuella sårbarheter i byggbranschen. Det finns också fördelar med att implementera konceptet Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD). I praktiken är dock BIM för arbetsmiljöfrågor fortfarande oanvänd, samtidigt som de som arbetar med BIM inte är tillräckligt bekanta med säkerhetsaspekter. För att BIM:s potential ska kunna utnyttjas fullt ut krävs en ökad användarvänlighet och standardisering av verktygen. Samtidigt måste de som implementerar och använder BIM vara medvetna om och villiga att utnyttja den nya teknikens potential. Utmaningen är nu att förstå potentialen av BIM för arbetsmiljöaspekter och att proaktivt använda BIM för att öka säkerheten på byggarbetsplatser.
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Marcheskie, Justin S. "Analyzing Campus Safety: A Survey of Perceived Risk, Crime and Outdoor Lighting Levels." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1556205767075947.
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Tsaki, Amira. "L'évolution des politiques urbaines et leurs influences sur la criminalité : regards croisés Algérie-France." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0015/document.
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La métropolisation que connait le monde depuis quelques décennies a créé une hypertrophie urbaine, faisant de la sécurité urbaine un enjeu primordial pour les Etats. Après avoir démontré l’existence d’un lien fort entre urbanisation et criminalité, nous avons examiné l’influence des politiques urbaines sur la criminalité urbaine. Les études criminologiques et sociologiques menées par de nombreux chercheurs dont Durkheim, Szabo, Shaw et McKay, nous ont servi de base scientifique afin de mener des travaux de recherche sur le terrain. De Lyon à Oran, notre analyse compare l’évolution et l’efficience des politiques urbaines françaises et algériennes. Les résultats de nos recherches démontrent l’influence des politiques urbaines de constructions massives sur le développement de zones urbaines anomiques et socio-économiquement ségréguées, mais également l’impact de l’hyper sécurisation sur le sentiment de sécurité et la cohésion urbaineThe metropolisation that the world has known for a few decades has created an urban hypertrophy, making urban security a major issue for the Nations. After highlighting a strong connection between urbanization and crime, we’ve studied the influence of urban policies on urban crime. The criminological and sociological studies conducted by many researchers, including Durkheim, Szabo, Shaw and McKay, have served as a scientific basis for conducting field research. From Lyon to Oran, our analysis compares the evolution and effectiveness of French and Algerian urban policies. The results of our research works illustrate the influence of massive urban construction policies on the development of urban anomic and socio-economically segregated areas, but also the impact of hyper-security on the sense of security and urban cohesion
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"Teaching Prevention through Design (PtD) Principles Using a Non-Traditional Pedagogical Strategy." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.45592.
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abstract: Many accidents occur during construction and maintenance of facilities. Both research and practice have demonstrated that decisions made during the design and planning phases before work at a construction site can influence workers’ safety. The Prevention through Design (PtD) concept is the consideration of construction site safety in the design of a project. In one research study, more than 200 fatality investigation reports were reviewed, and the results showed that 42 percent of fatalities reviewed were linked to the absence of the PtD concept (Behm, 2005). This work indicates that the associated risk that contributed to the incident would have been reduced or eliminated if PtD had been utilized.
Researchers have identified the reasons for not applying the PtD concept. The predominant reason is that most architects and design engineers do not learn about construction safety and construction processes required to eliminate construction safety hazards through design. Therefore, Prevention through Design education of architects, design engineers, and construction managers is vital. However, in most curricula, there is no room for an entire course focused on PtD. Therefore, one researcher implemented 70 minutes long lecture-based intervention in a project management class of the civil engineering discipline, but it did not prove effective (Behm, Culvenor, & Dixon, 2014).
Hence, there is an opportunity to teach PtD to students using alternative teaching strategies such as computer games. Computer games are routinely considered as the most important and influential medium by college students. In this research study, a serious game and a paper-based game (paper version of the serious game) were developed and implemented. The aim of the study was to measure the effectiveness of alternative teaching methods to train students for safe design thinking. The result shows that the computer game engaged the students in comprehensive hazard recognition challenges. The learning experience of the students was compared to two other interventions: paper-based game and lecture-based teaching. The in-class lecture and the computer game were effective in delivering the prevention through design topics. The game was more effective compared to the lecture. The paper-based game failed to motivate students to learn. This dissertation discusses the possible reasons for success and failures of these pedagogical approaches.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2017
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KUO, CHIN HUSN, and 郭晉勳. "Creantion of Sate City -- Crime Prevention Through Environment Design." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43099341061807394468.
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碩士國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
90
After Taiwan represents highly economic growth and urbanization, it creates rich living but Taiwan cities are facing increasable crime problems. Taiwan crime problems continuously cause society to pay so much cost and recompense, as results, crime prevention and decreasing crime are very importance to Taiwan cities. To prevent crime is main safe topic in foreign cities through “Environmental Design” to reach the goal of crime prevention. Therefore, this study examines unsafe characters of spaces（include visual quality、moving route、land use、environmental control、safe management of space、natural surveillance）through relationship between crime and environment and successful experiences and theories from foreign cities. This study goal is looking for establishing concepts of safe space design and examination standard of safe space and then the study area in this paper sets the commercial-residential areas surrounding Shihpai MRT station in Taipei. The main design concept of safe space improves unsafe characters of space to increase awareness risks of crime and increase residents to enhance environmental awareness of crime prevention through “Environmental Design” to decrease environmental opportunities of crime occurrences. And further this study provides five strategies of access control、keep visible、reinforcement of territoriality、target hardening and removing、and improvements of physical environment in order to reach effects of crime preventions through environmental design. Although environmental design handles difficultly all crime problems but it can instantly eliminate the crime environment. Especially environmental design be applied in crime prevention of local communities. However, policy enforcement、urban design、and architectural departments lack related real regulations and plans in Taiwan cities. Conclusively, this study will provide a little of applied contentions and design examined forms of safe space to assist related “Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design” theory in near future, Taiwan cities.
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Hsu, Jia-Hsiung, and 許嘉雄. "Prevention of Leaking in Bathroom through Interior Engineering and Design." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y5sk3g.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
創新設計研究所
96
The problem of percolating water has always troubled residents, and became one of the their complains to constructional contractors. The bathroom has the highest utility rate of water. Poor design of waterproofing, procedure, insufficiency of checklists, and short of the specifications on drainage works are all affecting the bathroom waterproofing. Therefore, the correct design and construction becomes extremely important. This survey is trying to identify “the quality of construction and waterproof design in bathrooms” as a troublesome problem to most customers. The survey, found that the poor waterproof design of weephold and doorsill became one of the major factors causing the percolating water problem. This survey uses scientific and technical models to record hypothetical waterproof design of weephold and doorsill, It alse indicats the effect of various drainage works compares their performances, and tries to bring out the optimal waterproof design of drainage works in bathroom. In conclusion, the best method of bathroom waterproof design of doorsill is “cement mortar drainage method,” and the best weephold design is “pipeline uniformed with RC floorslab method.” The survey also provided various refined and innovated “sample blueprint of bathroom weephold, standard procedure of weephold works, and standard checklist of weephold works,” and “sample blueprint of bathroom doorsill, standard procedure of bathroom doorsill works, and standard checklist of bathroom doorsill works” for the interior designers and hopefully to help them to solve such percolating water problem and inhanced the living quality.
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Fiala, Ondřej. "Strategie Crime prevention through environmental design a její aplikace ve vybraných pražských lokalitách." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296354.
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In this thesis I focus on the preventive strategy called Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). The aim of this strategy is to act preventively against crime and to reduce fear of crime by means of modification of the physical setting in public spaces. CPTED is theoretically based mainly on findings of crime geography, environmental criminology and architecture. After presenting this concept at the theoretical level I focus on six concrete locations in Prague. On the basis of my field research I investigate if the principles of CPTED are applied in these locations. I also refer to differences between locations, where the preventive principles were applied and locations without use of the CPTED standards. Through the use of questionnaires I try to verify if people really feel safer in places where the principles of CPTED were used. Then I observe the types of activites and the structure of people in those six examined locations. Semistructured interviews with the employees of the Prague municipal police were realised to complete the characteristics of these places. In the last part of the thesis I consider the possibilities of design adjustments in the unsuitable locations according to the CPTED principles.
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Bwalya, Bwale. "Enhancing campus safety through planning and design: recommendations for the University of Manitoba Fort Garry campus." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5308.
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This practicum examines fear of crime within campus physical environments at the University of Manitoba Fort Garry campus, to develop planning and design recommendations that might contribute to campus safety. The study explores the relationship between planning and crime prevention, including a comprehensive literature review of place-based crime prevention theories; the documentation of selected universities’ crime prevention planning and design principles including University of Minnesota -Twin Cities, Carleton University and University of British Columbia – Vancouver Campus. Seven planning recommendations and seven design recommendations are outlined in the concluding chapter. The study suggests that constant users, natural surveillance, mixed uses, high prospect and low refuge, are key design attributes that are relevant to reducing the fear of crime in campus physical environments. The study also suggests that more awareness about the issue of crime prevention. and information sharing amongst key stakeholders, can help make better decisions on crime prevention planning.
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Wang, Chih-Li, and 王志立. "An Investigation of Junior High School Campus Planning with the Theory of“Crime Prevention through Environment Design”." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57787665916119157145.
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碩士華梵大學
建築學系碩士班
94
A well-designed campus should not only satisfy the needs of education plan, but also ensure the safety of colleagues in school. At the time that public makes the most of reformation in education generally, the new campus movement which puts emphasis on the innovation of space formation had become another priority policy of education institution. However, the preservation of campus security merely accent at the stage construction and prevention. The theory of “Crime Prevention through Environment Design” from European and American countries combines with the safety and the empirical environment. The theory enhances the campus safety and, further it decreases the cost of the future management. This research generalizes the basic theory and the classification through collecting the relative theories and regulations from academic and educational agencies. By exploring the international theories and examples, this research sets the research propose and survey items. There are six types of events and four types of the period. According to the academic discussion of campus spaces, we establish the spatial items including five outside spaces and six inside spaces. This research combines the questionary survey, interview, and figure layers analysis. Focusing on the students studying in Yongho City, Taipei County, we explore the relation among campus spaces, student behaviors and the administration. The results show that different events concentrate in certain spaces. As far as outside spaces are concerned, there are fewest events happening in the closed space, while the most in the bitty space. However, it is activity space to involve the most violent events. In other hands, as an inside space, the toilets gather the most events of violence and self-harm. Besides, the violent events also happen in the joints of the stairs and corridors or narrow pathways. It is illegal exiting happening in covered walls with something to step. On the contrary, the spaces around the administrational office have few opportunities to gather these events. The conclusion shows there are three factors affecting the probability and the concentration of campus safety events: the characters of the space, the spatial using behavior and the management. It is expected that this research is useful for the safety strategy and the space planning in junior high schools.
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Teran, Mario. "An Analysis of Defensible Space and Crime Prevention Through Design in Crime Hotspots of Select Boston Neighborhoods." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/726.
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There is a lack of emphasis in the planning world, both academically and in the field, on preventing crime. Defensible Space and Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) has been the two main approaches taken by planners and criminal justice officials that is design-based and that has brought some level of collaboration between the two professions. This study will analyze the built environment of select crime hotspots in the city of Boston from a design-based crime prevention perspective in order to draw correlations between high crime areas and elements of design-based theories.
Using GIS, a kernel density analysis is conducted in 8 of the 13 neighborhoods in the city of Boston. Pictures taken during field observations of the hotspots are used to compare strong and weak examples of design-based crime prevention theories. A CPTED matrix is also used to provide a weighted score to Roxbury, a neighborhood that ranks high in both property and violent crime. Overall, the kernel density results reveal that the hotspots in Roxbury tend to be higher in quantity but less dense and smaller in size than other Boston neighborhoods. This study reveals that for poorer neighborhoods the condition of land uses seems to be a more prevalent factor of the physical environment than the land-use mix that are exhibited in middle and upper class sections of the city. Urban planners play a key role in bringing together and maintaining land uses that will be less conducive to crime given a neighborhood’s or greater geographic area’s history and current socioeconomic and crime context.
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Jallow, Basiru, and 傑羅. "A Feasibility Study on Implementing Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD) in the Architecture Industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36m4ta.
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碩士國立中央大學
營建管理研究所
105
Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD) is a process in which architects and engineers (A/Es) perform risk management (including identifying risks, evaluating risks and suggesting risk control measures) in the design stage to explicitly consider the safety and health of construction workers as they make design decisions on the permanent features of the design target. With early intervention, hazards can be effectively eliminated or controlled leading to safer sites during construction, use, and maintenance of the facility. However, the current structure and culture within the Taiwan construction industry inhibit the implementation of CHPtD. Consequently, the impacts of designs on construction worker safety are often left up to the constructor to address and mitigate after the design is complete which ignores the benefits CHPtD can provide to eliminate hazards from construction job-sites. Based on part of this current practice, the study was initiated to explore how to diffuse and implement CHPtD to the architecture industry in Taiwan. The research presented in this report looks outside of Taiwan to other countries like Australia, and the UK which have developed legislation for the implementing and diffusion of CHPtD in their construction industry since such legislation for CHPtD implementation doesn’t exist in the Taiwan architecture industry. The approach chosen for conducting the research study utilized a combination of targeted, expert interviews along with a structured on-line survey of design professionals within the Taiwan’s architecture industry. The research questions posed in this study explored respondents: knowledge, attitude and practices, and general application of the CHPtD concept. The responses provided by respondents were analyzed to further understand their perceptions of CHPtD and related issues. The majority of the respondents were supportive of the CHPtD concept, but their level of CHPtD knowledge, attitude and practices need to be improved. The recommendations made in this thesis were identified and fashioned based on the results obtained from the expert interview and the on-line survey conducted during the study. Diffusion and implementation of CHPtD into the Taiwan construction industry require attention to three (3) key points: knowledge, motivation, and aptitude. Each point addresses a fundamental need for affecting positive change and enabling anticipated outcomes of CHPtD implementation. The study findings reveal that each of the points needs to be fulfilled in some way to realize CHPtD success.
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Nizamoglu, Ezgi. "DESIGN APPROACHES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MINIMIZATION GENERATED THROUGH THE BUILDING LIFE PROCESSES AND A MODEL SUGGESTION." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1277839.
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Reducing waste generation is the most effective method for stopping the depletion of natural resources and is an essential factor in environmental conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources. The greatest responsibility in reducing construction and demolition waste belongs to designers, who make decisions directly in the design of the building and directly and indirectly in the construction, usage, and demolition phases. This study examines the ways that construction and demolition waste can be reduced in the design phase, develops a design approach, and proposes solutions.
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Lee, Chung-Lin, and 李宗霖. "Effectiveness of Adopting Mixed Land‐Use Strategy on Theft Crime Rates based on Natural Surveillance Concept under Crime Prevention through Environmental Design - Case Study of Taipei Beitou District." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56687520341519644953.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
景觀學系
101
Since the Industrial Revolution, urbanization and population sprawl have moved residential areas toward suburban, resulting in higher crime rate at central business centers in the night. Situational Crime Prevention Theory including the strategy of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design was developed by experts and researchers in the U.S. to reduce crime rate, through increasing access control and providing natural surveillance by mixing various activities. However, this strategy has not been examined in Taiwan, where most urbanized areas are mixed residential area with commercial and retail. Therefore, this research aims at evaluating the effectiveness of natural surveillance under mixed land‐use for minimizing larceny occurrence. Evidence based on geographic hot‐spot and statistical analyses shows that 24 hour operation stores such as 7‐eleven, self‐service laundry, and police station are not associated with lower larceny rate, due to natural surveillance ineffective during night. However, the more the stores of dressing, sewing, pharmacy, jewelry, watch smith, motorcycle selling and repairing, and parking lots, the lower the larceny occurrence. It is possible associated with the effectiveness of natural surveillance based on routine operation hours preventing larceny from happening in the date. On the contrary, the more the clinics, beauty shops, real estates, and after school care centers, the higher the larceny occurrence. It is possible relating to indoor oriented activities irrelevant to outdoor natural surveillance.
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Rodrigues, Adérito Grazina. "A gestão do espaço construído e a prevenção criminal." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20303.
Full textAbstract:
Crime prevention through environmental design it is based on the idea that through the design, use and maintenance of lowering opportunities for the occurrence of crimes and of providing a sense of security to people. Based on four principles (natural surveillance, natural access control, territoriality and maintenance and management) preventive strategies should be geared to the specific space being handled, given the crime problem, insurance and social of it. Urban design influences the crime and can help reduce the opportunities for the occurrence of crimes. It was carried out a case study in the Luísa Todi Avenue in the city of Setúbal , which has undergone rehabilitation works in 2008 under the Polis Programme and later on the initiative of the Municipality of Setúbal. The aim of the study was guided in finding answers to the central question, that is, if the requalification at Luísa Todi Avenue had an impact on street crime. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of this theory , showing up its effect in practice and to meet the various entities with security responsibilities and administrative in Setúbal , existing vulnerabilities in Luísa Todi Avenue. This research adopted a qualitative research strategy (Bryman, 2012), materialized from desk research and a survey interview, semi-structured, whose data content object of analysis (categorical) supported by Bardin (2000). As regards the research design, we have chosen for the case study, as prepared a detailed and intensive analysis of a single case, making it possible to capture the complexity and the particular nature of the case. It was concluded that the rehabilitation works occurred in 2008 on Luísa Todi Avenue, had a positive impact on reducing street crime, since this phenomenon has shown a decreasing trend, contrary to what happens in the city of Setúbal. The principles of CPTED are applied even if they have not been specifically considered in the redevelopment project.A prevenção criminal através do espaço construído assenta na ideia de que através da conceção, utilização e manutenção se poderá reduzir as oportunidades para a ocorrência de crimes e conferir o sentimento de segurança às pessoas. Com base em quatro princípios (vigilância natural, controlo natural de acessos, territorialidade, manutenção e gestão) as estratégias preventivas deverão ser voltadas para o espaço específico que se pretende manipular, tendo em conta o problema criminal, securitário e social do mesmo. O desenho urbano tem influência na criminalidade e que pode auxiliar a reduzir as oportunidades para a ocorrência de crimes. Foi levado a cabo um estudo de caso na Avenida Luísa Todi, na cidade de Setúbal, a qual sofreu obras de requalificação no ano de 2008, no âmbito do Programa Polis e posteriormente por iniciativa da Câmara Municipal de Setúbal. O objetivo do estudo foi orientado na procura de respostas à questão central, isto é, se a requalificação urbanística da Avenida Luísa Todi, realizada no ano de 2008, teve impacto nos índices de criminalidade de rua. Com este estudo pretendeu-se contribuir para um melhor conhecimento desta teoria, demonstrando-se o seu efeito na prática, e dar conhecer às diversas entidades com responsabilidades de segurança e administrativas na cidade de Setúbal, as vulnerabilidades existentes na Avenida Luísa Todi. Nesta investigação adotou-se uma estratégia de investigação qualitativa (Bryman, 2012), materializada a partir de uma pesquisa documental e num inquérito por entrevista, semiestruturada, cujos dados foram objeto de análise de conteúdo (categorial) apoiada em Bardin (2000). Relativamente ao design da pesquisa, optámos pelo estudo de caso, pois elaboramos uma análise detalhada e intensiva de um único caso, possibilitando, assim, captar a complexidade e a natureza particular do caso em questão. Concluiu-se que as obras de requalificação ocorridas em 2008 na Avenida Luísa Todi, tiveram um impacto positivo na redução da criminalidade de rua, pois este fenómeno tem manifestado uma tendência de diminuição, ao contrário do que acontece na cidade de Setúbal. Os princípios da CPTED encontram-se aplicados, mesmo que não tenham sido especificamente considerados no projeto de requalificação.
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Miranda, Jessica Ribeiro. "Comércio tradicional: contributos para a prevenção situacional de comportamentos antissociais." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/15553.
Full textAbstract:
Enquanto atividade económica, o comércio tradicional é um elemento fundamental de sustentabilidade da cidade. No entanto, enfrenta hoje novos desafios decorrentes do alargamento da concorrência, da alteração do perfil do consumidor ou da necessidade do uso de tecnologias. Assim, importa intervir no comércio tradicional, pois enquanto espaço com características facilitadoras da prática de crimes, uma vez que convergem num mesmo local e tempo alvo, infrator e guardião (capaz ou não), é essencial implementar medidas de segurança de modo a reduzir as vulnerabilidades. Cientes desta fragilidade, considera-se pertinente recorrer à prevenção situacional do crime e a estratégias de Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, que permitam dificultar a prática criminal, aumentar a vigilância e controlo na área, e aumentar o risco do infrator. Face ao exposto, o presente estudo procura perceber como é refletida a prevenção nos espaços de comércio tradicional, qual o sentimento de segurança dos comerciantes, quais as estatísticas criminais nestes locais e qual a atuação da Polícia de Segurança Pública neste âmbito, tendo por base o programa Comércio Seguro. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, recorremos a um estudo exploratório, aplicando um questionário aos comerciantes, realizando observação não participante, reportagem fotográfica das lojas e analisando dados da criminalidade. Conclui-se que a segurança é essencial no comércio tradicional, pois, tendo em conta os desafios atuais, o controlo do espaço e do crime permite evitar quebras e potenciar o sentimento de segurança dos comerciantes e clientes.As an economic activity, traditional trade is a fundamental element of the city’s sustainability. Nevertheless it is facing new challenges due to competition’s widening, the change in consumer’s profile, and the need to adapt to the use of technologies. Therefore it’s essential to uphold traditional trade as it is constituted of spaces with characteristics that potentiate crime. They allow the convergence in the same place and time, of suitable targets/victims, offenders and guardian (capable or not), so it is essential to implement security measures in order to diminish place’s vulnerabilities. Aware of this fragility it reveals appropriate to approach this issue through the situational prevention of the criminal act and strategies of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, in order to make crime difficult to happen, increase the surveillance and control in the areas, and increase the risk to the offenders. All things considered, the current investigation seeks to understand the prevention mechanisms adopted in the commercial trade spaces, how merchants perceive the security feeling, the evolution of criminal statistics in this spaces and what is the Public Security Police role in this through the “Safe Commerce” program. In order to achieve the proposed goals, an exploratory study was conducted, by applying the merchants an inquiry, through non-participant observation, carrying out photographic reports of the shops and analysing criminal data. The results allow to conclude that security plays a major role in traditional trade, due to the challenges they are facing, controlling space and crime in these spaces may allow to avoid shrinkages and bust merchants and clients sense of security.
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Carvalho, Ana Catarina. "A segurança urbana e o desenho do espaço público: contributos para a prevenção do crime e de incivilidades." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/15396.
Full textAbstract:
A cidade é a representação máxima da adaptação do espaço físico às (supostas) necessidades e expectativas do Homem, sem olvidar que o primeiro determina o comportamento humano. A dependência entre estes dois elementos provoca o emergir de novas formas de insegurança com base no crime e nas incivilidades, refletindo as fragilidades da arquitetura das cidades. A pertinência destas fragilidades originou o aparecimento de estratégias de Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, constituindo-se como uma nova forma de prevenção criminal através da manipulação das características físicas. Com esta nova visão parte-se do ideal de redução das oportunidades para a prática delinquente. Face a isto, neste estudo procura-se perceber a dimensão da insegurança urbana em função da criminalidade e do espaço físico, de modo a responder a esta relação através da prevenção por parte das Forças de Segurança, apoiadas pelo poder local. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, recorre-se ao estudo exploratório, através de um estudo de caso que assenta na aplicação de questionários à população, sobre o sentimento de insegurança, na análise de cartografia e na aplicação de uma ferramenta que permite às Forças de Segurança trabalhar esta nova forma de prevenção. Assim, com o intuito de contribuir para o combate à insegurança e consequente exponenciar do sentimento de segurança, depois de submetidos a análise todos esses instrumentos, conclui-se que, sendo a segurança um dos pilares essenciais à vida em sociedade, a ausência da mesma nas áreas de estudo não se prende com o facto de estas apresentarem maiores níveis de criminalidade, nomeadamente o roubo por esticão e o roubo na via pública (exceto esticão), mas sim pela ocorrência de incivilidades e pelas próprias características do espaço físico.The city is the ultimate representation of the adaptation of physical space to (alleged) needs and expectations of Man, without forgetting that the first determines human behavior. The dependence between these two elements causes the emergence of new forms of insecurity on the basis of crime and incivilities, reflecting the frailty in the architecture of cities. The relevance of these weaknesses has given rise to strategies of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, establishing itself as a new form of criminal prevention through the manipulation of physical characteristics. With this new vision we intend to reduce opportunities for delinquent practice. Thereby, this study seeks to understand the dimension of urban insecurity according to criminality and the physical space factor, in order to respond to this relationship through prevention by Security Forces, supported by the local government (power). To achieve the proposed objectives, we resort to an exploratory study, through a case study based on the population applied questionnaires related to the feeling of insecurity, mapping analysis and the implementation of a tool that enables Security forces to work this new form of prevention. Thus, in order to contribute to the fight against insecurity and consequent increase sense of security, after analyzing all these tools, it was concluded that, with security being one of the pillars to life in society, the lack of it in study areas as nothing to do with the fact that they show higher levels of criminality, namely robbery and theft except stretching, but because of the occurrence of incivilities and by the characteristics of the physical space.
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Cucuzzella, Carmela. "Design thinking and the precautionary principle : development of a theoretical model complementing preventive judgment for design for sustainability enriched through a study of architectural competitions adopting LEED." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5174.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse contribue à une théorie générale de la conception du projet. S’inscrivant dans une demande marquée par les enjeux du développement durable, l’objectif principal de cette recherche est la contribution d’un modèle théorique de la conception permettant de mieux situer l’utilisation des outils et des normes d’évaluation de la durabilité d’un projet. Les principes fondamentaux de ces instruments normatifs sont analysés selon quatre dimensions : ontologique, méthodologique, épistémologique et téléologique. Les indicateurs de certains effets contre-productifs reliés, en particulier, à la mise en compte de ces normes confirment la nécessité d’une théorie du jugement qualitatif. Notre hypothèse principale prend appui sur le cadre conceptuel offert par la notion de « principe de précaution » dont les premières formulations remontent du début des années 1970, et qui avaient précisément pour objectif de remédier aux défaillances des outils et méthodes d’évaluation scientifique traditionnelles.
La thèse est divisée en cinq parties. Commençant par une revue historique des modèles classiques des théories de la conception (design thinking) elle se concentre sur l’évolution des modalités de prise en compte de la durabilité. Dans cette perspective, on constate que les théories de la « conception verte » (green design) datant du début des années 1960 ou encore, les théories de la « conception écologique » (ecological design) datant des années 1970 et 1980, ont finalement convergé avec les récentes théories de la «conception durable» (sustainable design) à partir du début des années 1990.
Les différentes approches du « principe de précaution » sont ensuite examinées sous l’angle de la question de la durabilité du projet. Les standards d’évaluation des risques sont comparés aux approches utilisant le principe de précaution, révélant certaines limites lors de la conception d’un projet. Un premier modèle théorique de la conception intégrant les principales dimensions du principe de précaution est ainsi esquissé. Ce modèle propose une vision globale permettant de juger un projet intégrant des principes de développement durable et se présente comme une alternative aux approches traditionnelles d’évaluation des risques, à la fois déterministes et instrumentales.
L’hypothèse du principe de précaution est dès lors proposée et examinée dans le contexte spécifique du projet architectural. Cette exploration débute par une présentation de la notion classique de «prudence» telle qu’elle fut historiquement utilisée pour guider le jugement architectural. Qu’en est-il par conséquent des défis présentés par le jugement des projets d’architecture dans la montée en puissance des méthodes d’évaluation standardisées (ex. Leadership Energy and Environmental Design; LEED) ? La thèse propose une réinterprétation de la théorie de la conception telle que proposée par Donald A. Schön comme une façon de prendre en compte les outils d’évaluation tels que LEED. Cet exercice révèle cependant un obstacle épistémologique qui devra être pris en compte dans une reformulation du modèle.
En accord avec l’épistémologie constructiviste, un nouveau modèle théorique est alors confronté à l’étude et l’illustration de trois concours d'architecture canadienne contemporains ayant adopté la méthode d'évaluation de la durabilité normalisée par LEED. Une série préliminaire de «tensions» est identifiée dans le processus de la conception et du jugement des projets. Ces tensions sont ensuite catégorisées dans leurs homologues conceptuels, construits à l’intersection du principe de précaution et des théories de la conception. Ces tensions se divisent en quatre catégories : (1) conceptualisation - analogique/logique; (2) incertitude - épistémologique/méthodologique; (3) comparabilité - interprétation/analytique, et (4) proposition - universalité/ pertinence contextuelle. Ces tensions conceptuelles sont considérées comme autant de vecteurs entrant en corrélation avec le modèle théorique qu’elles contribuent à enrichir sans pour autant constituer des validations au sens positiviste du terme. Ces confrontations au réel permettent de mieux définir l’obstacle épistémologique identifié précédemment.
Cette thèse met donc en évidence les impacts généralement sous-estimés, des normalisations environnementales sur le processus de conception et de jugement des projets. Elle prend pour exemple, de façon non restrictive, l’examen de concours d'architecture canadiens pour bâtiments publics. La conclusion souligne la nécessité d'une nouvelle forme de « prudence réflexive » ainsi qu’une utilisation plus critique des outils actuels d’évaluation de la durabilité. Elle appelle une instrumentalisation fondée sur l'intégration globale, plutôt que sur l'opposition des approches environnementales.This thesis is a contribution to the general theory of design thinking. In the prevalent demand for a sustainable development, the main objective of this research is the construction of a theoretical model of design thinking that contextualizes standard sustainability evaluation tools. The basis of these normative tools is analyzed in four dimensions: ontological, methodological, epistemological and teleological. Indications of potential counter-productive effects of these norms for design thinking confirm the need for a theory of qualitative judgment. Our central hypothesis revolves around the benefits of the underlying conceptual framework of the ‘precautionary principle’ for design thinking, the first formulations of which goes back to the early seventies in Germany, and was in fact created as a way to address the failures of traditional scientific evaluation tools or methods. The thesis comprises five parts. Beginning with a historical perspective, a review of classical models of design thinking, specifically focuses on the evolving approaches for addressing sustainable development. Theories of “green design” coming from the early sixties, theories of ecological design of the seventies and eighties are finally converging on the developing theories of “sustainable design” formulated in the early nineties. The underlying theories of the precautionary principle are then reviewed and explored for the specific context of design within the perspective of sustainability. Current methods of standard risk assessment methods are compared to a precautionary approach, revealing their conceptual limits for design thinking. A preliminary theoretical model for design thinking is then constructed adopting the theories underlying the precautionary principle. This model represents a global vision for judging the design project in a context of sustainability, rather than on traditional approaches for risk assessment, which are purposive and instrumental. The precautionary principle is further explored for the specific context of architectural design. This exploration begins with a historical perspective of the classical notion of ‘prudence’ for guiding architectural judgment. In light of the contemporary issues related to sustainability, we then examine the challenges of judging architectural projects given the increasing international prominence of such standard evaluation methods (i.e. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, LEED). The thesis proposes a reinterpretation of design thinking as proposed by Donald A. Schön is introduced such that the use of tools, like LEED can be contextualized. This exercise reveals an epistemological barrier, which shall be taken into consideration when reformulating the theoretical model. In accordance with a constructivist epistemology, a new theoretical model is therefore confronted to the study and illustration of three contemporary Canadian architectural competitions adopting the standard evaluation method LEED. A preliminary set of ‘tensions’ identified in the judgment process and design thinking is further categorized into their conceptual counterparts. These are: (1) analogical/logical conceptualization; (2) epistemological/methodological uncertainty; (3) interpretive/analytic comparability; and (4) universal/contextual relevance of the proposal. These conceptual tensions are considered as vectors that come into correlation with the theoretical model, enriching it, yet without validating it, in the positivist sense of the word. These confrontations with the real, help better define the epistemological barrier identified above. This thesis therefore highlights the often underestimated impact of environmental standards on the judgment process and design thinking, with particular, albeit non restrictive, reference to contemporary Canadian architectural competitions for public buildings. It concludes by stressing the need for a new form of “reflective prudence” in design thinking along with a more critical use of current evaluation tools for sustainability founded on a global integration rather than on the opposition of environmental approaches.
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Paulo, Daniela Alexandra Soares. "Caraterísticas dos espaços físicos e estatísticas oficiais do crime: análise comparativa no centro histórico do Porto." Master's thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10921.
Full textAbstract:
O fenómeno da criminalidade urbana influencia o quotidiano dos cidadãos, uma vez que afeta o seu bem-estar, a qualidade de vida e o sentimento de (in)segurança. Assim, torna-se extremamente pertinente a prevenção criminal, pelo que é fundamental obter conhecimento acerca das ocorrências criminais e das características dos espaços físicos potenciadoras de crime, para se apliquem estratégias de Prevenção Criminal Através do Espaço Construído.
Deste modo, o presente trabalho debruça-se sobre a análise das características dos espaços físicos e das estatísticas oficiais do crime no Centro Histórico do Porto (CHP). Para tal, procurou-se observar e identificar características dos espaços físicos, bem como reconhecer quais destas poderiam agir como fatores potenciadores da ocorrência criminal e averiguar quais poderiam ser alvo de intervenção de modo a prevenir o crime. Procurou-se igualmente saber os pontos de associação entre estas características e as ocorrências criminais registadas nesses mesmos locais. Assim, adotou-se uma metodologia mista, com predomínio de dados qualitativos, e desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratório e descritivo, transversal, observacional e em meio natural, baseado na análise documental e na observação. A amostra é constituída pelo registo de observação de 410 arruamentos pertencentes à área geográfica do CHP e por 15.853 registos do crime participado ao Comando Metropolitano do Porto da Polícia de Segurança Pública, nas seis antigas freguesias que atualmente integram a União de Freguesias do CHP, entre 2015 e 2019.
Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de características potenciadoras de crime no CHP, as quais devem ser intervencionadas no sentido da prevenção criminal. Da presente investigação realça-se igualmente a necessidade do desenvolvimento de mais estudos pelo território nacional.The urban crime phenomenon influences citizens’ daily lives, as it affects their wellbeing, quality of life, and the feeling of (in)security. Thus, crime prevention is extremely relevant, so it is essential to obtain knowledge about criminal occurrences and characteristics of physical spaces that could enhance crime, so that strategies of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design are applied. The present work focuses on the relationship between the characteristics of physical spaces and the official statistics of crime in the Historic Centre of Porto (HCP). To this end, it was necessary to observe and identify characteristics of physical spaces, as well to recognize which of these could act as factors that could enhance the criminal occurrence and investigate which ones could be the target of intervention in order to prevent crime. It was also relevant to know the association points between these characteristics and the criminal occurrences recorded in those same places. Thus, a mixed methodology was adopted, with a predominance of qualitative data, and an exploratory and descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and natural study was developed, based on document analysis and on observation. The sample consists of the record of the observation of 410 streets belonging to the geographical area of the HCP, as well as by records of 15.853 criminal occurrences participated in Public Security Police, in the six former parishes that currently belong to the Union of Parishes of HCP, between 2015 and 2019. The results showed the presence of crime-enhancing characteristics in the HCP, which should be intervened to prevent crime. This research study also highlights the need for further studies in national territory.
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Eloff, Corné. "Spatial technology as a tool to analyse and combat crime." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1193.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the utilisation of spatial technologies as a tool to analyse and combat crime. The study deals specifically with remote sensing and its potential for being integrated with geographical information systems (GIS). The integrated spatial approach resulted in the understanding of land use class behaviour over time and its relationship to specific crime incidents per police precinct area.
The incorporation of spatial technologies to test criminological theories in practice, such as the ecological theories of criminology, provides the science with strategic value. It proves the value of combining multi-disciplinary scientific fields to create a more advanced platform to understand land use behaviour and its relationship to crime.
Crime in South Africa is a serious concern and it impacts negatively on so many lives. The fear of crime, the loss of life, the socio-economic impact of crime, etc. create the impression that the battle against crime has been lost. The limited knowledge base within the law enforcement agencies, limited logistical resources and low retention rate of critical staff all contribute to making the reduction of crime more difficult to achieve.
A practical procedure of using remote sensing technology integrated with geographical information systems (GIS), overlaid with geo-coded crime data to provide a spatial technological basis to analyse and combat crime, is illustrated by a practical study of the Tshwane municipality area. The methodology applied in this study required multi-skilled resources incorporating GIS and the understanding of crime to integrate the diverse scientific fields into a consolidated process that can contribute to the combating of crime in general.
The existence of informal settlement areas in South Africa stresses the socio-economic problems that need to be addressed as there is a clear correlation of land use data with serious crime incidents in these areas. The fact that no formal cadastre exists for these areas, combined with a great diversity in densification and growth of the periphery, makes analysis very difficult without remote sensing imagery. Revisits over time to assess changes in these areas in order to adapt policing strategies will create an improved information layer for responding to crime. Final computerised maps generated from remote sensing and GIS layers are not the only information that can be used to prevent and combat crime. An important recipe for ultimately successfully managing and controlling crime in South Africa is to strategically combine training of the law enforcement agencies in the use of spatial information with police science.
The researcher concludes with the hope that this study will contribute to the improved utilisation of spatial technology to analyse and combat crime in South Africa. The ultimate vision is the expansion of the science of criminology by adding an advanced spatial technology module to its curriculum.Criminology
D.Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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Clark, James Andrew George Roy. "The near repeat risk calculation of residential burglaries in Hillcrest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa : a criminological analysis." Diss., 2018. http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/25683.
Full textAbstract:
Text in English with abstracts in English, isiZulu and XhosaThis research applies the Near Repeat Calculator (NRC) to identify near repeat residential burglary patterns in the Hillcrest (KZN) policing area for the first time. A total of 490 residential burglaries, over a 12-month period, reported to Hillcrest police station were mapped (geocoded) and the near repeat calculations were visualised using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The month-to-month near repeat calculations are analysed and suggest that the NRC is a valuable tool that can predict the space-time locations of near repeat residential burglaries in the Hillcrest policing area.
Lolu cwaningo lusebenzisa i-Near Repeat Calculator (NRC) ukuhlonza amaphethini okuphindaphindeka kwezigameko zokugqekezwa kwamakhaya endaweni eyenganyelwe yisiteshi samaphoyisa sase-Hillcrest (KZN). Izigameko zokugqekezwa kwamakhaya ezingama-490 ezabikwa esiteshini samaphoyisa sase- Hillcrest esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyi-12 zaboniswa emfanekisweni webalazwe lendawo (geocoded) futhi izilinganiso zamathuba okuthi ziphinde zenzeke izigameko zokugqekezwa kwamakhaya zaboniswa ngokuthi kusetshenziswe umfanekiso owenziwe nge-Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Kwahlaziywa amathuba enyanga nenyanga okuphindaphindeka kwezigameko, futhi imiphumela eyatholakala kulokhu iyabonisa ukuthi i-NRC iyithuluzi eliwusizo impela elingabikezela izindawo nesikhathi lapho kungaphinda futhi kwenzeke khona izigameko zokugqekezwa kwamakhaya endaweni eyenganyelwe yisiteshi samaphoyisa sase-Hillcrest.
Olu phando lusebenzisa uhlobo lokubala olwaziwa ngokuba yiNear Repeat Calculator (NRC) ngenjongo yokubona isimbo sokuqhekezwa kwezindlu zabantu kummandla ophantsi kwamapolisa aseHillcrest (eKZN). Kuqwalaselwe ama-490 eziganeko zoqhekezo lwemizi ezaxelwa emapoliseni aseHillcrest kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12, kwaye uhlobo lokubala oluqikelela ukuphindwa kweziganeko zoqhekezo luboniswe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ekuthiwa yiGeographic Information Systems (GIS). Ubalo oluqikelela ukuphindwa kweziganeko luphononongiwe kwinyanga nenyanga, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iNRC sisixhobo esinexabiso, esinokukwazi ukuqikelela indawo nexesha apho kunokuphinda kuqhekezwe khona kummandla ophantsi kwamapolisa aseHillcrest.
Criminology and Security Science
M.A. (Criminology)