Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prévention – Sports'
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Gafsi, Mounir. "L'homéopathie dans la prévention et la récupération chez le sportif." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P061.
Full textPoizat, Dominique. "Les enjeux de l'information dans la prévention des accidents liés à la pratique des sports d'hiver." Grenoble 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE39027.
Full textPinelli, Mathieu. "Intérêt des techniques d’amorçage dans la prévention des comportements à risque en sports d’hiver." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS023.
Full textWinter sports include a wide range of activities in France and around the world. Each year, rescuers perform about 50 000 intervention on French ski areas. In this context, prevention campaigns are developed to reduce risk behaviors on ski slopes.To enhance these campaigns, we propose to use the priming techniques. The technique consists in re-exposing skiers to a prime from a poster including a message advocating to slow down (to which they were previously exposed) in order to decrease the speed on ski slopes. Moderators involved in risk-taking were also considered, namely personality (sensation seeking and impulsivity), emotional self-regulation (escape and avoidance), autonomic nervous system (represented by vagal tone) and objective risk to injury.In three laboratory studies, we show the effectiveness of the priming procedure in order to reduce the risk-taking associated with speed in skiing. Among main results, we show that sensation seeking and vagal tone are important factors in susceptibility to the priming. We also show an unexpected result on the priming of a relaxing message to reduce the risk-taking in winter sports.Two ecological studies were also carried out to test the procedure directly on a ski slope. We confirm with these two studies that re-exposure to a leader from a poster significantly reduces speed, particularly for afternoon with a high risk injury.This work shows that the priming procedure is effective to reduce the speed in winter sports. The sensation-seeking, the autonomic nervous system and the objective injury risk should also be taken into account in the design of prevention campaigns based on our priming procedure. This work is the first to have developed and tested an original procedure to reduce the risk taking in winter sports
Delecroix, Barthélémy. "Charge de travail et blessure dans le football de haut niveau." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S012/document.
Full textElite football has been described as an activity with a very high level of injury risk. Workload has been associated with injury incidence in several activities. In football, one of the most common tools used to quantify the internalworkload is a method based on the perceived exertion. With this method, the players are asked to subjectivelyassess the global intensity of the session. The workload is calculated by multiplying the perceived intensity by theduration of the session. However, the scientific level of evidence concerning the association between the internalworkload and the injury incidence in elite football is low. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to evaluate theassociation between several internal workload indicators and the injury incidence in elite level football players.This thesis is based on 5 different parts. The first part is the introduction. The second part is a review of literatureabout the workload monitoring, the relationship between the workload and the level of performance in elitefootball, the injury epidemiology in elite football, and the relationship between the workload and the injuryincidence in elite football. The third part of this thesis described the 3 cohort studies led to reach the aims of thisthesis. The fourth part corresponds to a general discussion in which the results of the cohort studies are discussedbased on the literature. The last part is a general conclusion.The main results of the prospective cohort studies led indicate associations between internal workload indicatorsand injury incidence with elite football players. Associations have been identified between the internal workloadand injury incidence with elite level players from a youth academy. The results of these studies also indicate thateven if the workload is associated with the injury incidence in football, the workload cannot be considered as aninjury prediction tool.The results of this thesis give information about the way the workload can be monitored by practitioners and onthe way the workload indicators should be used to help the decision making process
Pantaleon, Nathalie. "La socialisation par la pratique sportive dans le cadre des politiques de prévention de la délinquance : effets des stratégies éducatives sur le développement." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30309.
Full textRegard, Maryelle. "Les accidents de parapente de 1993 à 1995 : analyse et prévention." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M107.
Full textLapouble, Jean-Christophe. "Le régime juridique de la prévention et de la répression du dopage dans le sport : la loi no 89-432 du 28 juin 1989." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR1008.
Full textThe law of 28 june 1989 has de penalized usage of doping products for sportsmen. This exjudiciarization has its origins in the inefficiency of the law of 1st june 1965. More than safeguard of the sports ethics, the aim of the legislator was protection of public health. Nevertheless the new text possesses a very acute repressive orientation with the disciplinary and administrative sanction installiation for users and the penal sanction maintenance for suppkiers. Similarly a preventive shutter has been anticiped so as to increased the efficiency of the device. The totality constitutes a complex device hhose implementation risks to appear difficult
Crequy, Samuel. "Analyse accéléromètrique pour l'optimisation de la performance et la prévention des risques en cyclisme." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS021/document.
Full textCyclists have always wanted to keep and/or improve their performance. However, comfort is still a determinant factor because of the time spend on the bike. This comfort is especially altered by the coverings and the irregularities of the field generating loads that are often harmful to health. Therefore, the scientific community is interested in the research of a compromise between performance and health. This interest leads it to explore a large amount of tools characterized by the measure of a physical quantity. Among these values, the acceleration appears as a quantity rich in information. It allows to analyse the performance through monitoring of the athlete or the prevention of health disorders by the evaluation and limitation of the harmful effects
Caluzio, Christine. "Les dispositifs de prévention du vieillissement en France : articulations et place des activités physiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0010/document.
Full textFor nearly a century, France has been gradually building its policy on ageing, as the topic took a larger and larger part in the political agenda. It has recently concentrated on prevention, to aim for active ageing, healthy ageing or ageing well. As a result, in a backdrop of scientific progress and social transformations, sports and physical activities have become the main tool of ageing prevention strategies.It was in the 2000’s that sports and physical activities became fully part of the French public policy for prevention. Our research is especially concerned with the international and national ageing policies, which use sports and physical activities as a privileged tool to keep seniors healthy. The aim is to understand when, how and why sports and physical activities became the cornerstone of these policies.We will also focus on the various schemes which rely on sports and physical activities and which are currently implemented across the country at each level of public policy making.We will show that there are a huge number of private and public actors, with all kinds of expertise, who take part in these schemes. The programmes of action are numerous and varied, but appear fragmented and sometimes lacking in coordination
Philippe, Damien. "Analyse socio-historique d’une politique de prévention par le sport : entre inflexions politiques et contexte local, l'exemple de la ville de Trappes." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20034/document.
Full textFor the last few decades, the popular suburbs are at the heart of many governmental measures implied so as to combat the marginalization of these areas and to escape from the dictum of urban violence. If a town planning policy does indeed exist, the resources implemented particularly in the domain of prevention through sports are currently under discussion and many issues have yet to be discussed. Hence stemming from a local analysis of the town of Trappes we looked into the question of how influential these prevention through sports public policies really are.So as to better understand the role of sport in relation to our field of analysis, our work was axed around archive study, observations and interviews with a panel of about 75 participants. All of the participants who have or who have had a role to play in the district were met with in order to try to retrace the history of the town. Overall our aim was to look towards analyzing the genesis of prevention through sports public policies – the changes, the fear of conflict, the strategical definitions of the participants, power issues and the evaluation of the effects of this policy on the local district. We were also very interested in the global sporting action within the community.Through-out the study our aim was never to categorize the “right way of doing things” but moreover to put forward certain recommendations regarding the implementation of these prevention through sports policies – notably aspects such as emergency management, the notion of territory, of space, of the public system and the importance of evaluation. The importance of the local context must be also taken into account – its history, resources, actors – before implementing political actions hence it was also of utmost necessity to adapt oneself to each situation
Desnot, Philippe. "La prévention de l'asthme post-exercice chez l'enfant asthmatique : analyse des effets d'un échauffement fractionné et personnalisé." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR20086.
Full textIn a previous study, we have found out a warming-up methodology for children suffering from exercise induced bronchospasm (E. I. B. ). This personnalised and field warming-up (WU), by means of short-exercise sets is not EIB - provoking, and can prevent or decrease the intensity of the bronchospasm induced by a seven-minute run : the basic exercise test (BET). We have completed this work by : - the multiplication of the clinical and functionnal field evaluations; the comparison with a healthy children population; the individualisation of the results. Our target is to improve the effects of this warming-up programm, to state indications definitily and thus to better understand physiopathological works of EIB. Thirty asthmatic children and thirty healthy children took part in the study all asthmatic chil- dren presented symptoms of eib diagnosed by tread-mill. Thanks to the evaluation of peak expiratory flow (PEF), we have measured the ability of the bet to provoque attack as well as the wu and its degree of prevention. The bet results confirm those obtained with the tread-mill. The evolution of the pef during the WU shows an irregular bronchial reactivity of the asthmatic children. WU, is not EIB-provoking for more than 80% of the asthmatic children, prevents 80% of them from EIB and allous an improvement of the performances for two third of them
Parent, Sylvie. "La prévention et la gestion du harcèlement et des abus sexuels dans les organisations sportives québécoises." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25567/25567.pdf.
Full textThèves-Teilhaud, Cécile. "Grossesse et sport : conséquences sur l'appareil ostéo-ligamentaire." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M052.
Full textFavre, Armelle. "La communication engageante au service de la prévention des conduites dopantes chez des adolescents sportifs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3108.
Full textThe aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of the binding communication paradigm applied to doping behavior prevention. A doping behavior is the use of a substance (mainly a licit or an illicit drug) with the aim to enhance physical or psychological performance. In sports, some of these substances are prohibited, and doping behaviors are simply named "doping". Doping behaviors, and much more doping in sport, are often regarded as problematic, because they may generate health hazards, and cheating as well. Three studies are conducted. The first one, among 52 top-level volunteers athletes, shows that commitment seems to produce an effect which is in line with a better doping prevention. The second study tests a "committing communication" device with 111 elite volunteers athletes: results show a decrease in consumption of dietary supplements, stimulating products and substances against pain, with conditions of free choice and public acts. The third search occurs in the real context of a prevention. The 760 pupils' results show a decrease of tobacco and cannabis consumption after "committing communication" action, and increasing self-affirmation. A reflexion on the application and feasibility of the binding communication paradigm applied to the field of prevention is proposed at the end of the thesis
Amiache, Sophie. "Etat bucco-dentaire et performances sportives." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P007.
Full textMartin, Vincent. "Intérêts et limites de l'électrostimulation pour l'évaluation, le traitement et la prévention des altérations neuromusculaires induites par l'exercice excentrique." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS073.
Full textDechaud, Julien. "La lutte contre le dopage et les droits fondamentaux des athlètes : contribution à l'étude de l’ordre public sportif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCF001.
Full textFundamental rights and freedoms are often exploited, either to denounce the threats weighing on them, or to affirm their existence in a more or less solemn manner. They are at the heart of an ideological discourse which aims to ensure their promotion, but which at the same time reveals the fragility of the very notion of “fundamental rights and freedoms”. Doping is inseparable from the logic of competition; the world of sport is in a logic of records. Doping consists, for athletes, of artificially improving their performance through the use of prohibited substances or methods; it is a practice which is not only likely to endanger the health of athletes, but which also constitutes a form of cheating contrary to the founding values and principles of competitive sport: fair competition and equality of competitors. If doping has no legal reality and is only sanctioned in sport, doping is present in all spheres of society. How many students, police officers and lawyers take drugs in order to improve their performance or keep up with the required work pace? In sport, the act of doping is initially defined based on a material criterion: the establishment by the results of the analysis of samples taken of the presence of prohibited substances or the use of a prohibited method. However, other behaviors are prohibited in terms of doping even though they do not consist of the ingestion of prohibited substances (failure to comply with localization obligations which weigh on certain athletes, the association, in a professional or sporting capacity, to a person who has been suspended or convicted for committing an anti-doping rule violation, etc.). Sport is therefore subject to a number of more or less restrictive obligations in order to make anti-doping effective. However, certain measures are also protective, as evidenced by the regime of authorization of use for therapeutic purposes in order to preserve the health of the athlete. It seems possible to draw a parallel between the fight against doping and the preservation of public order. Should we agree to cut back on this or that right in order to preserve or achieve this or that higher objective, however laudable it may be? Are restrictions on rights and freedoms within the sports movement as part of the fight against doping necessary and essential? Or, on the contrary, are these restrictions disproportionate, unjustified and therefore liberticidal? Likewise, are the protective measures sufficient and appropriate? For Machiavelli, the goal of politics is not morality but success: “the end justifies the means, when the end is good” (The Prince)
Fabre, Pascal. "Le contrôle des associations par les mairies françaises : étude comparative portant sur les secteurs sports, culture et prévention de la délinquance." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE0507.
Full textHakim, Hassen. "CircaPerf - Motricités Circassiennes : Optimisation Biomécanique et Neuromusculaire de la Performance et Prévention de la Santé des Artistes." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS010.
Full textObjective: In order to prevent the health of student circus artists we set ourselves the objectives in this study: firstly, to establish a circus student-artist anthropometric characterization allowing for their classification among the different activities or sports discipline and to know if they present specific morphological adaptations due to their practices. Secondly, to investigate probable causes of injury occurrence among circus student-artists as well as develop the most appropriate injury prevention and performance optimization programs to preserve their health. We correlated the general warm-up quality, the injury rates, and levels of severity. And thirdly to inquire the injuries among student-artists according to their psychological approaches to the circassian physical activities and to their effective engagement times on their predilection apparatus. Methods: Thirty-one healthy adults (14 women and 17 men, 22.5 ± 2 years, 170 ± 6.4 cm, 64.5 ± 7.5 kg) participated voluntarily in this study. These student-artists were divided into two groups: 15 aerials (dangling trapeze, stated trapeze, outfielders, Chinese mast, aerial fabrics, aerial webbing, smooth rope, and flying rope) and 16 non-aerials (banquine, bascule, carried acrobatic, cyr wheel, acrobatics, and acrobatic juggling). Biometric measurements of all body segments were collected. A prospective report of injury was established. Both an observation and a description of the details and habits of the general warm-up of each student-artist were carried out before the specialty sessions. During the specialties sessions the effective engagement time (EET) on the apparatus and the break periods were quantified. To establish the psychological approach that student artists have towards the artistic physical performances we asked them the following question: “Do you consider yourself as a sports person or not?”. Results: There was a significant difference in body anthropometric measurements between the two groups (height, arm span and waistline). Non-aerials were characterized by a slightly prominent vertical development of the skeletal frame and showed a mesomorphic-ectomorphic somatotype, while the aerials presented a balanced mesomorphic type. 44% of injuries affect the lower limbs, 32% the upper limbs, 16% the trunk, and 8% the neck. 68% of lower limb injuries are at the ankle and 27% affect the knee. In the upper limb, the shoulder is the most affected with 50% of total injuries. Injuries are spread almost equally between aerial and non-aerial groups. The student-artists considered themselves as not-sporty had the lowest EET (p = 0.029). 9 student-artists out of 10 in group with low EET (15%) did not consider themselves sporty at all. In this group we recorded 19 injuries. In group with a medium EET (55%), we noted that it was split into 6 student-artists who considered themselves as sporty and 6 as not-sporty. 20 injuries were recorded among these 12 student artists. Within this same group among the 6 not-sporty ones were all those injured sharing altogether 14 injuries. Conclusion: The circassians showed an anthropometric adaptation according to their activity types but in general, and all activities combined, they remain smaller than the average man. This could be an anthropometric feature to meet the specific functional requirements of this activities type. The injury occurrence rates and severities seem to have a relation with the way of student-artists practice their warm-ups just before their specialty sessions; taking into account the fact that all injuries were recorded during these sessions. We found that those who did not consider themselves as sporty had the lowest effective engagement time and highest injury rate
Frémond, Gaëtan. "Surveillance médicale des compétitions sportives et protection des spectateurs." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3043.
Full textChaix, Charles. "L'encadrement administratif de la violence dans les stades de football en France." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_chaix_c.pdf.
Full textThis thesis objective is firstly to analyse and to criticize the preventive norms concerning the fight against hooliganism. Secondly this research will adresse the study of the administrative repression. We will dwell on two measures : the stadium ban and the dissolution of the supporter’s associations. This second part will also focus on the discipli nary responsibility of the football’s clubs do tue to the owns supporters
Memain, Geoffrey. "Évaluation et suivi du contrôle neuromoteur des footballeurs de haut-niveau lors d'un countermovement-jump. Application à la réathlétisation et à la prophylaxie des pathologies des membres inférieurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASW010.
Full textThis thesis had two principal objectives: i), to provide an objective analysis of the impact of sport-specific-rehab (SSR) on the neuromotor control of high-level soccer players ; ii) to develop a theoretical model that could predict the likelihood of injury in healthy athletes. The experimental countermovement jump (CMJ) model was employed to test the specific hypotheses associated with each of the five studies. The kinetic, kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) parameters of the CMJ were calculate using a force platform, a high-speed camera and surface electrodes, respectively. Three pathologies of the lower-limb were considered: anterior cruciate ligament rupture of the knee, knee chondropathy and muscular lesions of the thigh. The initial study demonstrated that the biomechanical and electromyographic parameters of the CMJ of the injured leg and the non-injured leg were altered in all pathological groups. The three-week SSR programme led to a notable improvement in these parameters, which are indicative of neuromotor control. In a second study, the level of functional recovery of the soccer players was evaluated using two methods: the LSI (limb symmetry index) and the Norm-Values method. The findings indicated that the Norm-Values method was the most effective in discriminating between the groups. In a third study, an intergroup comparison of biomechanical and EMG parameters revealed the existence of a 'neuromotor signature' specific to each pathology. In a fourth study, the results demonstrated that superimposing a visual information-gathering task (secondary task) had a beneficial effect on CMJ parameters (primary task). This was likely due to the injured athletes' attention being defocused towards the secondary task. In a final study, healthy players were monitored over the course of a season with the objective of developing a theoretical predictive model of injury. This model, based on a machine learning method, revealed non-significant trends in the occurrence of injuries as a function of the neuromotor characteristics of the players. Overall, these results contribute to advancing knowledge and practices in the field of rehabilitation
Perrin, Petament Claire. "Activités physiques et sportives et sante : étude des représentations sociales et expérimentation dans un centre de médecine préventive." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10354.
Full textRacinais, Alhammoud Marine. "Contribution à l'analyse de l'activité neuromusculaire des skieurs alpins d'élite lors de tests isocinétiques et en conditions réelles d'entraînement." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1314.
Full textThe overall aim of this PhD was to characterize the neuromuscular function of elite alpine skiers in regard to their specialty to enhance isokinetic screening protocols. The first part of this work is a review of the literature. The second part describes the general methods used for the experimental protocols. The third part presents the results and publications in five chapters. In the first chapter, a fatiguing task at 180°.s-1 showed that peak torque was less sensitive than rapid torque development to fatigue and/or environmental conditions. In the chapter II, a new method called Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was used to describe thigh muscle torque of the skiers with respect to sex and discipline factors. The SPM analysis allowed detecting sub-group differences that could not be detected via a traditional scalar analysis of the peak torques. For example, females displayed hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio deficits toward knee extension only. Chapters III to V report on-snow data to characterize the specificities of the alpine skiing disciplines. Chapters III-IV showed a scalar analysis of the ski cycle to allow comparison with the literature and update it following the major changes of the last twenty years. In particular, the individualization of an isometric phase led us to better characterize the speed disciplines. In Chapter V, the SPM method used in chapter I was used to analyze the discipline effect on the ski cycle structure. Activation pattern and EMG level varied according to the disciplines and muscles studied
Lefevbre, Blandine. "La construction d’un nouveau territoire professionnel en activité physique dans les réseaux de prévention et de prise en charge de l’obésité en pédiatrie (reppop)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10210/document.
Full textScientific and academic recognition of the benefits of regular physical activity (PA) in the prevention of overweight and obesity has made possible the development of new professional dynamics around PA in childhood obesity prevention and management networks—known as REPOPs—in France. The creation of a new offer of PA services intended to encourage young patients in their commitment to regularly engage in physical activity rallies together the medical profession (general practitioners, paediatricians, sports medicine physicians), other healthcare professions (dieticians, physiotherapists), and sports and physical activity professionals (Adapted Physical Activity and Health (APAH) teachers, sport teachers). Lying at the interface between the sociology of professional groups and the sociology of sport, this paper aims to study the creation of a jurisdiction of Adapted Physical Activity and Health (APAH) in REPOPs. These systems have the distinctive feature of being under construction and bringing together the specific and interdisciplinary competencies of professional groups around a common project. Alongside the groups already established in the medical field, the emerging APAH group is using this multidisciplinary arena to build its own jurisdiction in a collaborative manner that, paradoxically, is giving rise to direct competition with the other groups. Using Andrew Abbott’s theoretical approach (2003), this dynamic is explored at the point where the perspectives of the professions, those of young patients and their families, and those of the government, converge
Vacher, Philippe. "Evaluation et prévention des états de stress et de récupération du sportif : suivi psychophysiologique et processus cognitivo-affectif." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL022.
Full textMonitoring stress and recovery states is a key issue, especially in high performance sport. An imbalance between stress and recovery can induce fatigue, psychological and physiological exhaustion. Thus, negative consequences on well-being, health and individual and collective performance can be experienced. These consequences are complex as they stem from non-specific environmental, social, psychological and physiological dimensions. These phenomena are subject to important intra-individual and inter-individual variations, which make a diagnosis hard to establish. Based on a several followings of athletes from high performance structures, this research shows the evolution of psychological and physiological variables intervening as a response to stress. From these studies, some predictive variables also showed up in predicting stress and recovery states. Finally, we made evidence of the impact of athletes’ stress and recovery states on emotional states, on the intra and inter-individual levels
Kellou, Nadir. "Promotion de l'activité physique et prévention de l'excès de poids chez l'adolescent par une approche socioécologique : résultats à distance de l'intervention de l'étude ICAPS." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10198.
Full textPromoting long term physical activity practice during adolescence is one of the public health priorities. Nowadays, the question about the program’s efficiency aiming at reaching this objective is still on course. ICAPS, a four year randomized controlled trial, highlighted the benefits of a socioecological approach in the physical activity promotion and the sedentary behavior and overweight preventions in adolescence. However, the sustainability, the equity and the understanding efficacy mechanisms of such a program have still not been studied. In this report, long term effects of the ICAPS program have been established as its efficient equity. ICAPS effects were similar whatever the adolescent’s gender and initial weight status and were stronger among the adolescent’s from a low socioeconomic status, with a higher sedentary behavior and among those considered as having a low parental support towards physical activity practice. Using structural equation modeling, our results confirmed the efficiency mechanisms of the socioecological approach. Individual determinants (physical activity perception, social norm, self efficacy and intention to practice), adolescent’s social support and physical activity offer were identified as significant mediators. Moreover, we have highlighted that the program has promoted synergistic interactions between them. Finally, with its action over the social support and the environment, the ICAPS program allowed the adolescent’s to put into practice the competences they have acquired with the individual centered actions, reinforcing the program efficacy and its long term sustainability
Finianos, Boutros. "The effects of a 1-year recreational football protocol on bone mineral density and physical performance parameters in a group of healthy inactive 50 years old men." Thesis, Littoral, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021DUNK0575.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis were to explore the relationships between several physical performance variables and bone parameters in a group of middle-aged men, to compare composite indices of femoral neck strength in inactive middle-aged men and ages-matched former football players and to explore the effects of a 1-year recreational football protocol on bone mineral density and physical performance parameters in a group of healthy inactive 50-year-old men. Three main studies have been conducted. The first study has shown that VO₂ max (L/min), lean mass and maximum power of the lower limbs are the strongest determinants of bone variables in middle-aged men. The second study has shown that former footbal practice is associated with higher composite indices of femoral neck strength in middle-aged men. The third study has demonstrated that WB BMC, FN BMD, CSMI, CSI, BSI and ISI increased in both experimental groups (RF30 and RF60) but not in the control group. The percentages of variations in bone health parameters and in physical performance variables were not significantly different in both experimental groups. Recreational football is an effective method to improve bone health in middle-aged men
Laroche, Manon. "Contribution à l'analyse de la pratique de l'activité physique en contexte de santé : les apports des orientations régulatrices." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0385.
Full textThis thesis aims to deepen the analysis of the links between the Promotion and Prevention Regulatory Foci and the practice of physical activity considered in a health context. In particular, Selection, Optimization and Compensation strategies (SOC) and the six motivations underlined by the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) are considered as potential mediators. To meet this objective, six correlational studies were conducted with general and specific populations (type II diabetic). In addition, two psychometric studies have led to the development of a tool measuring regulatory foci in the specific context of physical activity. The results of these studies indicate that promotion focus is systematically positively related to the practice of physical activity. This positive relationship is established through three adaptive strategies (i.e., elective selection, optimization and compensation strategies) and four motivations (i.e., intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation and introjected regulation). With regard to the prevention focus, these studies reported more mixed results. Directly, this regulatory focus is in most cases not associated with practice. However, these observations were not generalizable to all of our studies. At the end of these results, theoretical, methodological and applied perspectives are proposed for the study of the motivational processes related to the practice of physical activity
Sermot, Thierry. "Actualisation du suivi médico-sportif du joueur de baseball : aspects physiopathologiques et prévention des lésions traumatiques." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M179.
Full textBoyer-Mulon, Sophie. "L'équitation au regard de la responsabilité civile : de la protection à la réparation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G004.
Full textThe increasing number of horse riders has as a legal implication and consequence on the equestrian activity whose solutions gravitate around the notion of civil liability. In this context, the French federation of horse riding, well known for their decision making abilities, works for security and incite measures for promotion. Facing the demand of victims, compensation becomes a right. But, the specificity of this area is in the implication, in every step, of an animal, a living and sensitive thing, gifted of its proper dynamism. The ethology, science of the animal behaviour, helps us to understand the domestic horse, in particular, as a sensitive being whose behaviours are directly influenced by human actions. This particularity has consequences from tort liability to contractual liability and leads to choose for the application of autonomous tendencies with a better acknowledgement of animal behaviour. In front of the animal particularism whose status has to be improved, it's suitable from then on, in the case of tort liability, to apply article n°1385 of the civil code and in the case of contractual liability to make a formal difference between security obligations of means and security obligations of results falling to the professionals
SOUSSI-ZARROUKI, MONGI. "Spondylolyse et spondylalisthésis asymptomathologiques chez le sportif de compétition : Définitions, classification, prévention." Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05C050.
Full textGletty, Mathilde. "Comprendre les pratiques, les perceptions, l’explication naïve des accidents, les croyances relatives au risque d’avalanche pour mieux prévenir les accidents en hors-piste chez les jeunes pratiquants de sports de glisse." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH019.
Full textThrough this thesis, we examine the avalanche accident prevention occurring in out-of-bounds (OB) practice. Young out-of-bounds practitioners (15-30 years-old) are identified as the core of avalanche victims. The main aim of this thesis is to get better knowledge about these boardsports enthusiasts. To do this, we suggest to investigate their habits and motivations relative to OB practice, their perception of the risks associated to this practice, the spontaneous explanations they give for avalanche accidents in OB, as well as the behaviours they adopt in OB, and the criteria they use to decide to go or not to go OB. The data collected would contribute to improve prevention strategies for avalanche accidents in OB, by targeting and adapting these strategies to young practitioners. Indeed, research on risk perception (Kouabenan, 2006) and naive causal explanations of accidents (Kouabenan, 1999) propose that if we want people to adhere to prevention messages, it is necessary to know the way they understand risks, for our case OB risks, particularly avalanche hazard. It is also essential to know the causes they invoke to explain avalanche accidents. This thesis work consists of four studies for which the methodology relies on two questionnaires. The questionnaires were carried out from preliminary interviews conducted with practitioners of varied profiles, and from literature and empirical works of the same theoretical framework, as well as accidents reports. Concerning the studies 1, 2 and 4, we interviewed 304 young boardsports practitioners. For study 3, we questioned 238 practitioners. For the data collect of the four studies, we met participants in the field, in winter sport resorts in Isère, Savoie and Haute-Savoie (France), as well as at the university campus and during sport events. Data collection was done with face-to-face interview with the participant
Ménétrier, Arnaud. "Modalités d'exercice et de récupération : approche cardiovasculaire et performance." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA3014/document.
Full text(Cf. corpus p. 27-28) This thesis work focuses on the cardiovascular responses consecutive to l/ various exercice modalities and 2/ various post-exercise recovery interventions. With regard to the exercise modalities, 3 experimental protocols were led. The first one aimed to compare the acute effects of constant and interval exercises on regional arterial stiffness and these determinants. Two others studies focused on the cardiac dysfunctions induced by exercises of longer durations (2-3h) and the underlying mechanisms. The second problematic of this thesis work led to 5 studies. The following questions were approached: the comparison of the effects of contrast water therapy and compression stockings on the subsequent performance; the knowledge of the factors at the origin of the benefits of these recovery interventions between repeated brief and exhaustive bouts of physical exercise (i.e. muscle blood flow, muscle oxygenation, removal of metabolic waste, etc.) ; the changes in leg muscle blood flow, caused by hydrostatic pressure alone [thermoneutral water immersion), and in addition to cooling (cold water immersion) or alternating of temperature (contrast water therapy); and finally the effects of elastic compression worn during and after a trail running race on the participants' recovery. Our results show that interval exercise decreases more regional arterial stiffness [central and peripheral) than constant exercise. This more pronounced decrease is associated with a higher concentration of vasodilator factors (NO, ANP, lactates, etc.). We also show that a prolonged exercise (2-3h) induce transient cardiac dysfunctions. Specifically, parameters of systolic function evaluated using 2D-speckle tracking echocardiography not only at rest, but also during incremental tests to adjust heart rate demonstrate that the 3h-period of prolonged and strenuous exercise induces left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Our results also demonstrate that depressed diastolic function is associated with delayed untwisting velocity. The studies focusing on post-exercise recovery interventions indicate that compared with passive recovery, contrast water therapy and compression stockings improve the subsequent 5-min maximal performance in cycling when this one is repeated during a brief elapsed time (i.e. 15 min). Moreover, contrast water therapy is more efficient than compression stockings to improve the subsequent performance. Theses recovery interventions accelerate the removal of lactates, and contrast water therapy more than compression stockings. The elastic compression increases muscle blood flow but also tissue oxygen saturation, before and after a physical exercise. Contrast water therapy also increases muscle blood flow after an exercise compared with a passive recovery, and more than elastic compression. (...)
Derieux, Ronan. "La pratique physique des retraites dans le champ de la sante : une lutte pour la reconnaissance." Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267674/fr/.
Full text“Health” media omnipresence induces retired persons to remind of their responsibilities and to be activated in order to be recognized like “good healthy”. And so physical practice is presented by medical and social world like a solution. Nevertheless to avoid risk an adapted physical effort is advised. A questionnaire was distributed and interviews carried out within a group of physically active seniors. The aim of this research is to compare their amount of physical activity with that which is normally prescribed by the medical world. Results show that if the majority practises in order to stay « healthy », the majority also make an above-average physical effort. They call the seniors’ universality principle and the medical and social vision used to standardize their practice into question. So, whatever gender or socioeconomic category may be, these seniors put forth an effort that is longer and more intense than what is typically recommended. Fatigue and pain are no more considered risky but are proof of efficiency. At least seniors prefer counting on their body feelings to manage themselves their physical investment. By refusing this normalised practice, retired people make known that they are still in « good health » whereas the practice’ approval would show instead a negative evolution of their health
Fourchet, François. "La prévention des blessures du pied et de la cheville chez les jeunes athlètes." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS009/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to examine the foot-ankle injury prevention in adolescent athletes through three approaches: the running-related foot-ankle injury risk factors, the epidemiology of foot-ankle injuries and the implementation of prevention strategies. The approach dealing with the running-related foot-ankle injury risk factors aimed to determine (i) how running-induced fatigue may affect the force and the fatigability of the ankle plantar and dorsal flexor muscles, the foot plantar pressure distribution, the running mechanics and the medial arch stiffness, (ii) how the shoe wear (spikes or running shoes) may affect the plantar load distribution while sprinting and (iii) how running velocity may alter the plantar load distribution. The approach related to epidemiology of foot-ankle injuries aimed at collecting and analysing, over three seasons, the foot-ankle injuries sustained by highly-trained adolescent athletes and their potential relations with the maturity status of these athletes. The approach presenting some prevention strategies implementations aimed firstly to design and validate a convenient and reliable flexibility measurement method. The second purpose of this approach was to assess on the field the effects of a neuromuscular electromyostimulation strengthening protocol on the foot medial arch stiffness and the effects of a combined foot-ankle strengthening training on the foot plantar pressure distribution and the performance while sprinting
Teboulle, Dov. "Les traumatismes du tennis : traitement médicamenteux et préventions." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P085.
Full textMc, Call Alan. "La prévention des blessures dans le football professionnel." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S042/document.
Full textIn professional football, injuries have a negative influence on performance, economy and health. Despite an increased focus on prevention of injury in football, it is of concern that injuries have not reduced in this cohort over the past 11 seasons. Due to the significant and negative impact of injuries in professional football it is of interest to prevent such injuries from occurring. It is important to determine new methods and processes to detect and prevent injuries in professional footballers. Additionally, within the scientific research literature there are conflicting results and ongoing debates in regards to risk factors, testing and preventative exercises for non-contact injury in professional football. Scientific research should aim to influence practice by either validating or refuting certain processes and procedures, however, there is currently a gap between science and practice (Bishop, 2008). Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to (a) investigate new and innovative methods to detect and prevent non-contact injuries at the highest level of professional male football and (b) (b) to reduce the gap between science and practice. Studies: The specific research studies conducted in this thesis were (1) Risk factors, testing and preventative strategies for non-contact injuries in professional football: Current perceptions and practices of teams from 44 premier leagues. (2) Risk factors, testing and preventative strategies for non-contact injuries in professional football: A systematic review, (3) Reliability and sensibility of a simple isometric posterior lower limb muscle test in professional soccer players, (4) Effect of an injury prevention program on injury rate in a professional football team participating in European competition. Conclusion: The present thesis successfully reduced the gap between science and practice by revealing the top 3 perceptions and practices of top-level football teams concerning risk factors (previous injury, fatigue, muscle imbalance), testing (functional movement screen, questionnaire, isokinetic) and preventative exercises (eccentric, balance/proprioception and hamstring eccentric). A systematic review of the research literature provided a scientific level of evidence for the top 3 risk factors, while both a scientific level of evidence and overall graded recommendation was provided for the top 3 tests and preventative exercises. A simple and practical test to assess the isometric force of the posterior lower limb muscles was verified and implemented successfully in the professional football setting. The test was found to be both reliable and sensitive enough to detect changes in force following a competitive soccer match. Finally, an injury prevention program with high compliance was successfully and effectively implemented in a top-level team competing in European competition and significantly reduced injury rates even when playing during a congested match period i.e. 2 matches per week. The present thesis can help to guide practitioners in using the current best evidence based practice. Additionally, from a research perspective, the findings provides researchers with avenues of where to concentrate future research concerning injury prevention in professional football
Philippe, Damien. "Analyse socio-historique d'une politique de prévention par le sport : entre inflexions politiques et contexte local, l'exemple de la ville de Trappes." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651085.
Full textDrigny, Joffrey. "Intérêt de l'évaluation isocinétique en traumatologie sportive : de la prévention primaire à la réhabilitation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC295.
Full textObjective: Isokinetic testing of muscle function in sports traumatology is often limited to the measurement of muscle strength with restricted clinical applicability. The purpose of this work is to study the use of isokinetic dynamometry for measuring parameters of muscle function (strength, passive properties, and proprioception) in sports traumatology. We propose the study of two common clinical situations from primary to tertiary prevention.The theoretical framework reviews anatomical basics and properties of the muscle-tendon complex and their assessment, with a focus on isokinetic testing. Then, we present how isokinetic testing of muscle functions is of interest in sports traumatology.The first part examines the validity of isokinetic testing of shoulder rotator muscles in the prevention of shoulder injuries in two «overhead» sports, one bilateral and the other unilateral, characterized by different biomechanical demands: swimming and badminton. In these sports, a functional ratio < 2:3 measured during preseason assessment is associated with a 2 to 4.5 times higher risk of injury during the sports season. The use of fast angular velocity is more discriminating than slower velocities in identifying the risk of shoulder injury in badminton. The functional ratio decreases with the number of years of sports practice in these two sports, thus increasing the risk of injury.The second part addresses isokinetic testing conducted in the follow-up of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) to optimize the analysis of muscle function. Firstly, for the strength analysis, our work validates decision criteria for the assessment at the 4th month. A symmetry index ≥60% for knee extensors and >72% for flexors is associated with optimal symmetry at the 8th month, return to sports performance at 2 years, and the risk of a new serious knee injury (operated and contralateral sides) with an average follow-up of 3 years. Next, we demonstrate that the analysis of the force-velocity profile using a 2-point method is feasible, sensitive, and applicable in the decision-making process for returning to sports without adding measurements to the usual isokinetic testing. A study of the passive parameters of knee flexors using isokinetics shows a decrease in muscle-tendon stiffness on the operated side compared to the contralateral side and a control group. This could be associated with an alteration of the biomechanical and proprioceptive properties of the operated knee. Finally, two studies evaluate proprioceptive properties. One methodological study identifies proprioception parameters associated with knee functional tests performance and symmetry in a healthy population, while a prospective study in the follow-up of ACL-R shows that limb dominance influences knee proprioception at the 4th postoperative month, itself associated with the athlete's psychological status.Conclusion: Our results show that isokinetic testing has clinical relevance in assessing muscle function, beyond the sole measurement of strength, in primary/secondary/tertiary prevention of common sports injuries
Rault, Aude. "Étude des déterminants psychosociaux des alcoolisations chez les sportifs : mise en place et évaluation d'interventions de prévention." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0358.
Full textAlcohol consumption is a health behavior in relation to which athletes constitute a population at risk as they tend to consider drunkenness as an ordinary practice. This subject, although poorly viewed and sometimes mocked due to stereotypical assumptions about sports and alcohol use, is not well understood. In particular, little is known about the various demographic, psychological, social and environmental factors that could explain excessive alcohol consumption in this group. Thus, this thesis aimed to identify the drinking risk factors for athletes by taking into account the specificities of this population, before carrying out prevention interventions. Eleven studies were conducted with sports students and professional rugby players. The results revealed that male athletes and athletes participating in collective sports consume more alcohol, but this was moderated by drinking motives, expectations about the substance and encountered consumption contexts. In line with this, it was found that the sporting environment, provides many opportunities for alcohol consumption and valorizes such behaviour by using it as a method of building cohesion between players. Drinking thus represents a means for individuals to comply with the standards of their teammates, and the importance of this is generally overestimated. Based on the findings we suggest that devaluation of the perceived norm for alcohol consumption and the motivation for change are key levers to be included in interventions aimed at reducing alcohol abuse. These elements are discussed in view of their possible applications in terms of research or support, and especially in relation to the need to develop prevention interventions
Dubosq, Annie. "Les traumatismes sportifs chez les enfants : étude analytique et épidémiologique à partir de 149 cas d'hospitalisation recensés lors de l'année 1988 dans le service de chirurgie infantile du CHU de Caen." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3019.
Full textCayemitte, Pierre Emerson. "Électro-activation de solutions aqueuses de lactate et ascorbate de calcium et étude de leurs effets antibactériens sur les cellules végétatives et spores de Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69246.
Full textSince the popularization of concepts like globalization, the agri-food sector has experienced a huge expansion and a ceaseless craze for the marketing of food between the peoples worldwide. This phenomenon, contributing significantly to the economic growth ofthe markets, is not without risk, however. Meanwhile, microbiological hazards, including pathogens, are carried through food matrices and travel from one country to another,increasing the risk of contamination for consumers. Consequently, we are also witnessing an increase in cases of food allergies, foodborne illnesses and outbreaks, with etiological agents coming from all over the world. Thus, regulatory organisms such as Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Health Canada, United States Food and Drug Administration(USFDA) or competent international authorities like Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) are stepping up efforts to put in place regulatory standards and policies in order to help the food industry to strengthen controls from the processing to the marketing of foods. Microbiological hazards from pathogens like Bacillus cereus remain a major public health risk that must be controlled in order to ensure consumers protection. Although many techniques of control(e.g., food additives, high hydrostatic pressure, ionizing radiation, thermal processes, etc.) have been developed and used to ensure the safety and security of foods, in some instance this has not allowed to produce food products that are completely free of bacteria responsible for degradation/spoilage of food and pathogens causing food poisoning as is the case with B. cereus. Indeed, this pathogenic bacterium is ubiquitous, aerobic and facultative anaerobic. It is able to produce, in a wide variety of foods and ingredients such as spices,highly resistant spores as well as different types of toxins that can cause diarrhea, nausea,vomiting, and even death. In this context, and given the great difficulty in controlling the contamination of food caused by this pathogen, the general objective of this research was touse the electro-activation technology, an applied branch of electrochemistry which is particularly interested in the reactivity of aqueous solutions, as an alternative and potentially effective method to fight against B. cereus in order to produce safer foods with high nutritional and organoleptic values. To achieve this, aqueous solutions of organic acid salts of calcium lactate, calcium ascorbate and their equimolar mixture were electroactivated in a reactor subjected to a direct electric current with intensities of 250, 500 and 750 mA for a maximum time of 30 minutes in a bid to produce the respective conjugated organic acids, lactic acid and ascorbic acid. In the first part of this research work, the physicochemical characteristics (e.g.,pH, titratable acidity, pKa) of the electro-activated solutions (EAS) were studied and their molecular profiles compared to those of respective standard acids using different techniques (e.g., FTIR, HPLC, DSC, DPPH), which helped to confirm the production of conjugated organic acids from the respective salts used. These EAS had a very low pH, ahigh titratable acidity, particularly for the calcium ascorbate and the mixture. In addition, a high antioxidant activity was observed for the electro-activated calcium ascorbate solution and the mixture In the second part of the study, the EAS treated at 250, 500 and 750 mA for 10,20 and 30 min were selected to be brought into contact with vegetative cells of Bacilluscereus ATCC 14579 under model conditions (direct contact) in order to evaluate their antimicrobial effects on this pathogen. The cells were tested in direct contact with the EASfor 5, 30 and 60 seconds. The same treatment was also carried out by direct contact with standard organic acids (lactic, ascorbic) for 5, 30, 60, and 120 seconds in order to make comparisons. The EAS and the corresponding standard organic acids had the same titratable acidity values. There after, the cells were observed under microscope (Methyleneblue and fluorescence) to evaluate the inhibitory / destructive effects of these solutions.Also, the EAS were diluted with distilled water to obtain solutions with 10 to 90% of the initial titratable acidity (strength) to be tested against B. cereus cells. The results demonstrated that all the EAS made were highly effective against the vegetative cells of B.cereus. Also, even at dilution rates averaging 20% of the EAS initial strength, the antimicrobial effect was very high for the different solutions. In addition, the microscopic observation of B. cereus has confirmed the lethal effects of EAS. In this part with the vegetative B. cereus cells, the efficacy of the EAS was estimated to a reduction of 4–7 logCFU/mL. In addition, the antibacterial power of the EAS has been shown to be significantly higher than that of the standard (conventional) lactic and ascorbic acids.In the third part of the study, electro-activated solutions of calcium lactate,calcium ascorbate and their equimolar mixture at 750 mA for 30 min were selected and used against the spores of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 under model conditions and in fresh Atlantic salmon. The treated spores were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopes to evaluate the sporicidal effects of EAS. The results obtained clearly showed a great sporicidal power of the EAS used on B. cereus spores with a reduction of 7to 9 log using an initial spore population of 109 CFU/mL, depending on the conditions assessed; namely: in direct contact (2–30 min), in salmon used as a food matrix (2–7 min),as well as in combination with moderate heat of 60, 70, 80 and 90 ℃ for 0.5–2 min. Also, it was observed that the sporicidal capacity of the EAS increased with temperature and contact time. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that the EAS could cause the total destruction of B. cereus cells, including perforation of the membranes(cortex and coat), as well as the reflux of different components of the structure of B. cereus spores. Taking into account the results obtained in this study, we can conclude that the electro-activated solutions made with calcium lactate, calcium ascorbate and their mixture,especially those electro-activated at 750 mA–30 min, could be of a great contribution to reinforce the capacity of the food industry to control B. cereus ATCC 14579 and produces afer foods for the consumer.
El, Oued Besma. "Les enjeux des spots télévisés pour la lutte contre le sida en France de 1986 à 2005, entre fiction et réalité : quête d'une méthode efficace d'influence." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010501.
Full textBelhani, Dalila. "Étude expérimentale des mécanismes impliqués dans la survenue de la mort subite d’origine cardiaque chez le sportif professionnel « dopé » : prévention par des cardioprotecteurs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10069.
Full textSudden death of cardiac origin is frequently observed in athletes with a history of illicit products abuse to increase physical performance. Anabolic steroids play a significant role amongst these substances. The aim of this work was: 1) to precisely describe the nature of heart lesions resulting from anabolic steroid abuse in athletes who suddenly died, and in rabbits treated with norethandrolone (NED) or testosterone (TST); 2) to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) and finally; 3) to test whether anti-ischemia (trimetazidine: TMZ) or cardioprotective (dexrazoxane: DEX) drugs could protect the heart from anabolic steroids and prevent the development of lesions
Karamanoukian, Alexandre. "Développement d'un outil de quantification de la charge mécanique en football à partir de crampons instrumentés de capteurs de force : vers une application à la prévention des blessures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASW009.
Full textThe majority of injuries in football are non-contact injuries, with muscular strains being the most common. Fatigue and excessive training load are known risk factors, with injuries being most frequent at the end of matches and during overloaded weeks. Despite recent improvements in training load and fatigue monitoring, injury burden remained stable during the last two decades, raising questions about the efficiency of injury prevention strategies. More specifically, the lack of valid tools to estimate ground reaction forces (GRFs) and impacts sustained by players leads to an incorrect biomechanical load/fatigue estimation.The development of instrumented studs (IS) capable of recording on-field GRFs represent, therefore, a major breakthrough.The first step of this study was to assess the validity of a pair of football shoes fitted with IS. The results demonstrated that this tool is a highly valid device for obtaining on-field GRFs.The second aim of this study was to examine the kinetic and spatio-temporal parameters adaptations induced by an exhaustive on-field run at constant with the help of IS. Significant changes were found among all subjects, thus proving the usefulness of this tool to measure fatigue in situ. Results also demonstrated some large inter-individual variability.Finally, the third aim was to assess these changes among professional players throughout a competitive football season. The nature of these variations was then used to estimate biomechanical fatigue induced by training. Repeating this simple procedure throughout the year allowed us to better estimate players' biomechanical
Peralta, Gérard. "Le syndrome rotulien dans une unité des troupes aéroportées : exemple du 3e régiment de parachutistes d'infanterie de marine." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M099.
Full textAudet, Olivier. "Impact d'un programme d'entraînement périodisé sur la condition physique et sur les symptômes de spasticité chez les patients atteints de l'ataxie récessive spastique autosomique de Charlevoix-Saguenay." Thèse, Université Laval, 2015. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3377/1/Audet_uqac_0862N_10147.pdf.
Full textMéndez, Hernández Pablo. "Impact potentiel de l’activité physique de loisirs sur la prévention du syndrome métabolique et sur la réduction des coûts médicaux que le système de santé destine au diabète de type 2 et à l’hypertension artérielle au Mexique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10001.
Full textObjective: This thesis assesses the potential impact of leisure-time physical activity on metabolic syndrome prevention and Mexican healthcare system expenditures on type 2 diabetes and hypertension treatment, in a sample of urban Mexican health workers. Results: The prevalence of MS was 24,4%. The proportion of participants who did not perform recommended levels of leisure time physical activity was 78,2%. MS risk was reduced at 28% in men and 22% in women who reported ≥30 minutes per day of physical activity during their leisure time. In addition, a hypothetical investment of $25 852 US dollars annually (≈ 18 096 euros) for engaging 400 workers in the recommended levels of physical activity at workplace, could decrease the prevalence of MS by 9%, cases of hyperglycemia by 6,1%, cases of hypertension by 7,4%, and reduce healthcare system expenditures for treatment of type 2 diabetes and hypertension by 138 880 of US dollars per year (≈ 97 216 euros). That would be a cost-benefit ratio of 0,19: one dollar invested might translate into a healthcare cost reduction of 5,2 dollars. Conclusion: Physical activity should be one of the most important strategies for chronic diseases prevention. Our findings may help to improve resource allocation decisions in the context of chronic disease prevention, as well to guide implementation of more efficient physical activity programs for Mexican workers
Gaudet, Sylvain. "L'évaluation en laboratoire et sur le terrain vers la prévention des blessures à l’épaule chez les athlètes de sports aquatiques et d’armée du bras." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21805.
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