Journal articles: 'Preventative Intervention'

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Funari, Margaret. "Detecting Symptoms, Early Intervention, and Preventative Education." NASN School Nurse 28, no. 3 (February 13, 2013): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942602x12473656.

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Eggert, L. D., and S. E. Wiedmeier. "244 UNIVERSAL NEWBORN BILIRUBIN SCREENING AS A PREVENTATIVE INTERVENTION." Journal of Investigative Medicine 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): S120.4—S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6650.2005.00005.243.

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Zigler, Edward, Cara Taussig, and Kathryn Black. "Early childhood intervention: A promising preventative for juvenile delinquency." American Psychologist 47, no. 8 (1992): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.47.8.997.

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BEEGHLY, MARJORIE, T. BERRY BRAZELTON, KATHLEEN A. FLANNERY, J. KEVIN NUGENT, DAVID E. BARRETT, and EDWARD Z. TRONICK. "Specificity of Preventative Pediatric Intervention Effects in Early Infancy." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 16, no. 3 (June 1995): 158???166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199506000-00003.

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Wulff, Jerome, Zia Sadique, Richard Grieve, David Howell, Paul Mouncey, Dorothy Wade, Kathryn M. Rowan, and David A. Harrison. "Psychological outcomes following a nurse-led preventative psychological intervention for critically ill patients trial: Statistical and health economic analysis plan." Journal of the Intensive Care Society 19, no. 4 (January 29, 2018): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1751143718755016.

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The Psychological Outcomes following a nurse-led Preventative Psychological Intervention for critically ill patients trial is a cluster-randomised controlled trial of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a complex nurse-led preventative psychological intervention compared with usual care in reducing patient-reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity, and other reported psychological morbidities, at six months among Level 3 (intensive care) patients in adult general critical care units in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. This paper describes the proposed statistical and health economic analyses for the Psychological Outcomes following a nurse-led Preventative Psychological Intervention for critically ill patients trial. It is important to complete and publish this plan before inspecting and locking the trial data to ensure that post hoc and data-derived decisions are avoided. Trial registration: ISRCTN53448131

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Hains, Anthony A., and Steven W. Ellmann. "Stress Inoculation Training as a Preventative Intervention for High School Youths." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 8, no. 3 (January 1994): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.8.3.219.

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This study examined the effectiveness of a school-based prevention intervention to reduce the incidence of negative emotional arousal and other psychological problems in adolescents in response to stress. The prevention program was modeled after a stress inoculation training program and included a variety of cognitive behavioral interventions (i.e., cognitive restructuring, problem solving, anxiety management training). Reductions on anxiety, depression, and anger self-report scales were noted after training, especially in youths who were classified as being high in emotional arousal, and these gains were maintained at follow-up. The waiting list control group showed similar improvements after they received training. Improvements in grade point average, school attendance, physical health problems, and self-reports of total, daily, and major negative stress events were not found, except for some within-group improvements at follow-up.

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Marsh, Robbie J. "Building School Connectedness for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders." Intervention in School and Clinic 54, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053451218765219.

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Designing and implementing effective interventions for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) continues to challenge teachers. School connectedness is an emerging construct that is preventative for engagement in health-risk behavior and bullying. This article highlights a shift in intervention design and proposes a multifaceted intervention to meet the unique needs of students with EBD. Each component of the school connectedness construct is discussed with accompanying intervention strategies that can be implemented simultaneously to improve the behavioral and academic outcomes for students with EBD.

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Korte, Kristina J., and Norman B. Schmidt. "Transdiagnostic preventative intervention for subclinical anxiety: Development and initial validation." Journal of Psychiatric Research 126 (July 2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.04.001.

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Whiteley, Laura, Elizabeth Olsen, Leandro Mena, Kayla Haubrick, Lacey Craker, Dylan Hershkowitz, and Larry K. Brown. "A Mobile Gaming Intervention for Persons on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Protocol for Intervention Development and Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): e18640. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18640.

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Background In the United States, young minority men who have sex with men (MSM) are the most likely to become infected with HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an efficacious and promising prevention strategy. However, PrEP’s safety and effectiveness can be greatly compromised by suboptimal adherence to treatment. To maximize the positive impact of PrEP, it is necessary to combine its prescription with cost-effective behavioral interventions that promote adherence and decrease HIV risk behaviors. In this project, we developed a theoretically informed app/gaming intervention to engage young MSM in learning information, practicing behaviors, and improving motivation for HIV preventative behaviors and PrEP adherence. Objective The goal of this project was to develop and test a cutting-edge, engaging, and entertaining app/gaming intervention for improving adherence to PrEP and building HIV prevention knowledge, skills, and behavior. Methods This study was conducted in two phases. In the developmental phase, we conducted qualitative interviews with young MSM (n=20) to guide the development of the gaming intervention. In the randomized controlled trial, we tested the preliminary efficacy of the gaming intervention compared to a comparison condition among young MSM. Subjects were recruited from the University of Mississippi Medical Center HIV/STI testing clinics (n=60). Results Institutional review board approval was received in February 2015. Research activities began in June 2015 and are still ongoing. Conclusions This app/gaming intervention aimed to improve PrEP adherence and HIV preventative behaviors in young MSM. Engaging young MSM in learning information, practicing behaviors, and improving motivation for increased adherence to PrEP has the potential to decrease HIV seroconversion. It is important to develop interventions that are enjoyable, engaging, and easily incorporated into clinical settings. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov RCT02611362; https://tinyurl.com/y65gkuwr International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18640

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Isaac, Michael, Brenda Elias, Laurence Y. Katz, Shay-Lee Belik, Frank P. Deane, Murray W. Enns, and Jitender Sareen. "Gatekeeper Training as a Preventative Intervention for Suicide: A Systematic Review." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 4 (April 2009): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400407.

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Drielsma, Paul. "Early intervention home visiting: A preventative model to strengthen isolated families." Children Australia 23, no. 1 (1998): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200008452.

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Burnside is an agency of the Uniting Church and has a role to facilitate the development of children and families most in need through quality services, research and advocacy. This article describes a home visiting model which was developed and approved for implementation as a three year pilot by Burnside on the Central Coast in NSW, beginning in 1997. The model is described and presented as a format that may be useful to stimulate similar program proposals elsewhere. The model uses paid professionals within the context of a ‘Family Centre’ with a volunteer network to offer ongoing home visiting support to first-time parents facing social and geographical isolation and who have few supports and resources to meet their needs. Importantly, the model relies on close collaboration with Child Health services and a partnership with other community agencies and the local community itself. The model accommodates current debate about the need to break cycles of abuse through positive preventative family support to strengthen families and communities.

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Gohar Khawaja, Nigar, Elvia Ramirez, and Rita Prasad-Ildes. "Building resilience in transcultural adults (BRiTA): Developing a novel preventative intervention." Advances in Mental Health 11, no. 3 (June 2013): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jamh.2013.11.3.302.

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Toth, Sheree L., Melissa L. Sturge-Apple, Fred A. Rogosch, and Dante Cicchetti. "Mechanisms of change: Testing how preventative interventions impact psychological and physiological stress functioning in mothers in neglectful families." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 4pt2 (November 2015): 1661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415001017.

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AbstractThe present study applies a multilevel approach to an examination of the effect of two randomized preventive interventions with mothers in neglectful families who are also contending with elevated levels of impoverishment and ecological risk. Specifically, we examined how participation in either child–parent psychotherapy (CPP) or psychoeducational parenting intervention (PPI) was associated with reductions in maternal psychological parenting stress and in turn physiological stress system functioning when compared to mothers involved in standard community services as well as a demographic comparison group of nonmaltreating mothers. The resulting group sizes in the current investigation were 44 for CPP, 34 for PPI, 27 for community services, and 52 for nonmaltreating mothers. Mothers and their 13-month-old infants were randomly assigned to intervention group at baseline. Mothers completed assessments on stress within the parenting role at baseline and postintervention. Basal cortisol was sampled at postintervention and 1-year follow-up. Latent difference score analyses examined change in these constructs over time. Results suggested that mothers within the CPP intervention experienced significant declines in child-related parenting stress, while mothers in the PPI intervention reported declines in parent-related parenting stress. In turn, significant decreases in stress within the CPP mothers were further associated with adaptive basal cortisol functioning at 1-year postintervention. The results highlight the value of delineating how participation in preventive interventions aimed at ameliorating child maltreatment in neglectful families within the context of poverty may operate through improvements in psychological and physiological stress functioning. Findings are discussed with respect to the importance of multilevel assessments of intervention process and outcome.

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Mullan, Leanne, Karen Wynter, Andrea Driscoll, and Bodil Rasmussen. "Preventative and early intervention diabetes-related foot care practices in primary care." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 2 (2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19183.

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The aim of this study was to identify current preventative and early intervention diabetes-related foot care practices among Australian primary care healthcare professionals. A survey was developed to obtain information about preventative and early intervention foot care actions, priorities of care, access and referral to expert multidisciplinary foot care teams and adherence to best-practice diabetes-related foot care recommendations. The survey was distributed to GPs and Credentialled Diabetes Educators (CDEs). Surveys were completed by 10 GPs and 84 CDEs. Only 45% of all respondents reported removing the shoes and socks of their patients with diabetes at a consultation. Eighty-one percent of participants reported having access to specialist multidisciplinary foot care teams. Those in urban settings were significantly more likely to report access than those in rural areas (P=0.04). Median scores indicated that participants did not often utilise specialist teams to refer patients with diabetes-related foot ulceration and Charcot’s neuroarthropathy. Only 16% of participants reported having access to specialist foot care telehealth services; patients with diabetes-related foot ulceration and Charcot’s neuroarthropathy were rarely referred to these services. This study is the first Australian study to elicit information about preventative and early intervention diabetes-related foot care practices by GPs and CDEs working in Australian primary care. In the presence of acute diabetes-related foot complications, primary healthcare practitioners are not always adhering to best practice foot care recommendations. Further studies are required to understand the reasons for this and ensure evidence-based best practice foot care delivery to people with diabetes.

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Sharma, Nila, Elizabeth Harris, Jane Lloyd, Sabuj Kanti Mistry, and Mark Harris. "Community health workers involvement in preventative care in primary healthcare: a systematic scoping review." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e031666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031666.

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ObjectivesTo review effective models of community health worker (CHW) involvement in preventive care for disadvantaged culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients in primary healthcare (PHC) that may be applicable to the Australian context.DesignSystematic scoping review.Data sourcesThe studies were gathered through searching Medline, EMBASE, EMCARE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and online portals of relevant organisations.Eligibility criteriaAll selected studies were original research studies which essentially evaluated preventive intervention undertake by CHWs in PHC. The intervened population were adults with or without diagnosed chronic health disease, culturally and linguistically diverse, or vulnerable due to geographic, economic and/or cultural characteristics that impede or compromise their access to healthcare.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction was undertaken systematically in an excel spreadsheet while the findings were synthesised in a narrative manner. The quality appraisal of the selected studies was performed using effective public health practice project quality assessment tool.ResultsA total of 1066 articles were identified during the initial search of six bibliographic databases. After screening the title, abstract and full text, 37 articles met the selection and methodological criteria and underwent data extraction. A high-quality evidence-base supporting the positive impact of CHWs supporting patients’ access to healthcare and influencing positive behaviour change was found. Positive impacts of CHW interventions included improvements in clinical disease indicators, screening rates and behavioural change. Education-focused interventions were more effective in improving patient behaviour, whereas navigation interventions were most effective in improving access to services. Implementation was enhanced by cultural and linguistic congruence and specific training of CHWs in the intervention but reduced by short duration interventions, dropouts and poor adherence of patients.ConclusionThe evidence generated from this systematic scoping review demonstrates the contribution of CHWs to improving access to preventive care for patients from CALD and disadvantaged backgrounds by providing both education and navigational interventions. More research is needed on CHW training and the incorporation of CHWs into primary health care (PHC) teams.

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McDermott, Rebecca, and David J. A. Dozois. "A randomized controlled trial of Internet-delivered CBT and attention bias modification for early intervention of depression." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 204380871984250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043808719842502.

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The conceptualization and empirical knowledge base related to major depression has increased dramatically in recent years. We now have well-developed and validated models of depression from a range of theoretical perspectives. These models have significantly enhanced the development of effective treatments and preventative interventions. Although various prevention programs are available, Web-based protocols can enhance accessibility to evidence-based prevention programs. The current study involved a randomized controlled trial focused on the prevention and treatment of depression in high-risk first- and second-year undergraduate students. Three Internet-delivered preventative programs were compared: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; MoodGym), attentional bias modification, and an active attentional control condition. Participants ( n = 350) completed symptom measurement pre- and post-intervention (6 weeks) and again at a 4-month follow-up, when they were also administered a structured diagnostic interview. Participants in the CBT condition showed more dramatic and continuous depressive symptom improvement between baseline and follow-up than did participants in the other two conditions. In addition, significantly fewer individuals in CBT condition met diagnostic criteria for major depression at follow-up than in the other conditions. These findings have important implications for future early intervention research and practice.

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Makiling, Meryl, and Hiske Smart. "Patient-centred health educational intervention to empower preventative diabetic foot self-care." WCET Journal 39, no. 4 (December 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33235/wcet.39.4.32-40.

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Linville, Deanna, Erin Cobb, Tracy Lenee-Bluhm, Gabriela López-Zerón, Jeff M. Gau, and Eric Stice. "Effectiveness of an eating disorder preventative intervention in primary care medical settings." Behaviour Research and Therapy 75 (December 2015): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.004.

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Chandler, J. F., M. M. Bullock, N. G. Chandler, S. M. Nelson, S. P. Hoyle, and J. O. Guice. "1148 Conceiving A Connected, Preventative Treatment Stance Across The Brain-gut-microbiota Axis In Prodromal Parkinson’s Disease: The Power Of Preventative Sleep Health." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A437—A438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1142.

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Abstract Introduction Early non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) include sleep and digestive disturbances that share a common pathology via alpha-synuclein (AS) deposition in the central nervous system (CNS) and formation in the enteric (ENS). The concept of prodromal PD as expressed by the brain-gut-microbiota axis continues to gain credibility across multiple literatures; yet, no unified treatment plan has been suggested. Disconnected, symptomatic treatment of prodromal PD may unintentionally hasten its development via compromise of REM sleep quality and reciprocal gut health. A more connected, comprehensive approach is needed. We conducted a systematic literature review to hypothesize next steps in treatment research for prodromal PD. Methods A systematic literature review using the Boolean combinations of “ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN” & - “SLEEP”, “GUT MICROBIOME”, and “EXERCISE” in all fields, restricted to the last 5 years, focusing on specification of prodromal PD, was conducted. Results were combined with an examination of current treatment practices in PD. Results 38 articles met inclusion criteria. Results were categorized through a presupposed primacy of sleep. Conclusion Due to the emerging nature of the prodromal PD idea, current treatment practice is myopic and may contribute to the progression of PD. Specifically, 1) sedative-hypnotic sleep interventions suppress REM, where clearing of CNS alpha-synuclein occurs, and 2) proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) cause significant gut dysbiosis, which may contribute to initial AS misfolding in the gut. Early identification of prodromal PD symptoms via cross-referenced clinical interview may allow for early behavioral interventions that underlie healthy brain-gut-microbiota axis functioning. Results outline specific measures that may slow PD-related synucleinopothies. The highest impact practices in this regard are REM-focused sleep hygiene and cardiovascular conditioning in a reciprocal relationship, highlighting the necessity of an early-intervention, preventative health model for conquering PD. Support This work was made possible in part by a donation from Drs. Shane Pitts and Michelle Hilgeman in support of Birmingham-Southern College’s Southern Sleep Laboratory.

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Kolb, Philipp, Chandak Upagupta, Megan Vierhout, Ehab Ayaub, Pierre Simon Bellaye, Jack Gauldie, Chiko Shimbori, Mark Inman, Kjetil Ask, and Martin R. J. Kolb. "The importance of interventional timing in the bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis." European Respiratory Journal 55, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 1901105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01105-2019.

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex disease of unknown aetiology, which makes drug development challenging. Single administration of bleomycin directly to the lungs of mice is a widely used experimental model for studying pulmonary fibrogenesis and evaluating the effect of therapeutic antifibrotic strategies. The model works by inducing an early inflammatory phase, which transitions into fibrosis after 5–7 days. This initial inflammation makes therapeutic timing crucial. To accurately assess antifibrotic efficacy, the intervention should inhibit fibrosis without impacting early inflammation.Studies published between 2008 and 2019 using the bleomycin model to investigate pulmonary fibrosis were retrieved from PubMed, and study characteristics were analysed. Intervention-based studies were classified as either preventative (starting <7 days after bleomycin installation) or therapeutic (>7 days). In addition, studies were cross-referenced with current major clinical trials to assess the availability of preclinical rationale.A total of 976 publications were evaluated. 726 investigated potential therapies, of which 443 (61.0%) were solely preventative, 166 (22.9%) were solely therapeutic and 105 (14.5%) were both. Of the 443 preventative studies, only 70 (15.8%) characterised inflammation during the model's early inflammatory phase. In the reported 145 IPF clinical trials investigating 93 compounds/combinations, only 25 (26.9%) interventions had any preclinical data on bleomycin available on PubMed.Since 2008, we observed a shift (from <5% to 37.4%) in the number of studies evaluating drugs in the therapeutic setting in the bleomycin model. While this shift is encouraging, further characterisation of early inflammation and appropriate preclinical therapeutic testing are still needed. This will facilitate fruitful drug development in IPF, and more therapeutic strategies for patients with this devastating disease.

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Wilson, Hannah, Swarn Chatterjee, Joan Koonce, Pamela Turner, Dawn Burton, Christa Campbell, Ann Centner, et al. "P155 Community-Based Nutrition Education Intervention Increases Likelihood of Cancer Preventative Lifestyle Behaviors." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 51, no. 7 (July 2019): S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2019.05.531.

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Mountain, Gail, Gill Windle, Daniel Hind, Stephen Walters, Anju Keertharuth, Robin Chatters, Kirsty Sprange, et al. "A preventative lifestyle intervention for older adults (lifestyle matters): a randomised controlled trial." Age and Ageing 46, no. 4 (February 25, 2017): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afx021.

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Chaix, Amandine, Amir Zarrinpar, Phuong Miu, and Satchidananda Panda. "Time-Restricted Feeding Is a Preventative and Therapeutic Intervention against Diverse Nutritional Challenges." Cell Metabolism 20, no. 6 (December 2014): 991–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.11.001.

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Hardy, Kristina K., Katie Olson, Stephany M. Cox, Tess Kennedy, and Karin S. Walsh. "Systematic Review: A Prevention-Based Model of Neuropsychological Assessment for Children With Medical Illness." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 42, no. 8 (March 22, 2017): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsx060.

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Abstract Objective Many pediatric chronic illnesses have shown increased survival rates, leading to greater focus on cognitive and psychosocial issues. Neuropsychological services have traditionally been provided only after significant changes in the child’s cognitive or adaptive functioning have occurred. This model of care is at odds with preventative health practice, including early identification and intervention of neuropsychological changes related to medical illness. We propose a tiered model of neuropsychological evaluation aiming to provide a preventative, risk-adapted level of assessment service to individuals with medical conditions impacting the central nervous system based on public health and clinical decision-making care models. Methods Elements of the proposed model have been used successfully in various pediatric medical populations. We summarize these studies in association with the proposed evaluative tiers in our model. Results and Conclusions This model serves to inform interventions through the various levels of assessment, driven by evidence of need at the individual level in real time.

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Stripling, Theodore. "Effectiveness of an Adapted Behavioral Education Program Targeting Attendance Improvement." Professional School Counseling 22, no. 1 (January 2018): 2156759X1986733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x19867339.

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This study describes the effectiveness of an adapted behavioral education program for students defined as “chronic absentee.” The intervention focused on building positive student–adult relationships through data monitoring, daily check-ins, and group reinforcements. Although it resulted in a 0.43% ( p = .635) decrease in average daily attendance, a promising result was participants’ decrease in absences during the intervention. The intervention also may be preventative for absentee students. The paper explores implications for practice and research.

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Asher, Stephanie, Nitasha Nagaraj, and Amita Vyas. "How do College Students in India Respond to Gender-Based Violence (GBV)?" Journal of Public Health International 2, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3170.

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Rates of gender-based violence remain high during college in India, a time of adolescent malleability where gender norms, gender perspectives, and responses to violence are open to change. Few gender-based violence interventions focus on college students and even fewer on bystander intervention as a preventative approach - a concept novel to India. This cross-sectional study reached 603 college students in India to examine current gender norms and perspectives, bystander intervention behaviours, and discussion of gender-based violence on campuses. Statistically significant differences were found between male and female college students in all scenarios of bystander intervention response and frequency of discussion of gender-based violence. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in those who had never seen violence or had a positive bystander intervention response, compared to those who responded negatively. Given the findings, targeting college students appears a promising approach to change the narrative of gender-based violence and norms in India.

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Hillis, Vicken, Mark Lubell, Jonathan Kaplan, and Kendra Baumgartner. "Preventative Disease Management and Grower Decision Making: A Case Study of California Wine-Grape Growers." Phytopathology® 107, no. 6 (June 2017): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-16-0274-r.

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Preventative disease management is challenging to farmers because it requires paying immediate costs in the hopes of returning uncertain future benefits. Understanding farmer decision making about prevention has the potential to reduce disease incidence and minimize the need for more costly postinfection practices. For example, the grapevine trunk-disease complex (esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, Eutypa dieback, and Phomopsis dieback) significantly affects vineyard productivity and longevity. Given the chronic nature of the infections and inability to eradicate the fungal pathogens, the preventative practices of delayed pruning, applications of pruning-wound protectants, and double pruning (also known as prepruning) are the most effective means of management. We surveyed wine-grape growers in six regions of California on their use of these three practices. In spite of acknowledging the yield impacts of trunk diseases, a substantial number of respondents either choose not to use preventative practices or incorrectly adopted them in mature vineyards, too late in the disease cycle to be effective. Growers with more negative perceptions of cost efficacy were less likely to adopt preventative practices or were more likely to time adoption incorrectly in mature vineyards. In general, preventative management may require strong intervention in the form of policy or extension to motivate behavioral change.

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Hyde, Luke W., Daniel S. Shaw, Frances Gardner, Jeewon Cheong, Thomas J. Dishion, and Melvin Wilson. "Dimensions of callousness in early childhood: Links to problem behavior and family intervention effectiveness." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412001101.

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AbstractThis study examined dimensions of callous behaviors in early childhood and the role of these behaviors in the development of conduct problems, as well as responsiveness to a family-centered preventative intervention. Caregiver reports of callous behaviors were examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Problem behavior was examined using within- and cross-informant reports of these behaviors. Parenting was measured using observational methods within the context of a randomized control trial of the Family Check-Up with a sample of 731 ethnically diverse boys and girls (followed from ages 2 to 4) at high risk for later conduct problems. Results demonstrated that a measure of deceitful–callous (DC) behaviors had acceptable factor loadings and internal consistency at ages 3 and 4. DC behaviors at age 3 predicted problem behavior concurrently and longitudinally within and across informant. However, DC behaviors did not reduce the effectiveness of the family preventative intervention. These findings have implications for our understanding of behaviors that may precede later callous–unemotional traits and for our understanding of the development and prevention of early starting conduct problems.

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Choudry, Fizzah A., Roshan P. Weerackody, Daniel A. Jones, and Anthony Mathur. "Thrombus Embolisation: Prevention is Better than Cure." Interventional Cardiology Review 14, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2019.11.

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Thrombus embolisation complicating primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction is associated with an increase in adverse outcomes. However, there are currently no proven recommendations for intervention in the setting of large thrombus burden. In this review, we discuss the clinical implications of thrombus embolisation and angiographic predictors of embolisation, and provide an update of current evidence for some preventative strategies, both pharmacological and mechanical, in this setting.

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Naruse, Sayuri M., and Mark Moss. "Positive Massage: An Intervention for Couples’ Wellbeing in a Touch-Deprived Era." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 11, no. 2 (May 23, 2021): 450–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11020033.

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COVID-19 has brought not only fear and anxiety, but also legitimate restrictions of communication and consequential touch-deprivation in our daily lives. Couples’ relational wellbeing continues to be impacted by these COVID-19 related stressors. Protecting both personal and relational wellbeing is therefore particularly important at this time. Using a preventative intervention approach, the current paper argues the theoretical benefit of the Positive Massage programme and reports a qualitative analysis of stressed but healthy couples’ experience of engaging in the programme. Thirty-four participants completed 3 weekly classes and home-based practice of massage exchange. Data from an open text online questionnaire completed every week of the programme and again 3 weeks afterwards were analysed using thematic analysis. The identified themes included “holistic stress relief”, “relationship-promotion”, and “selves-care skill”. Couples perceived Positive Massage as an effective mutual support skill to relax and help one another by de-stressing, both emotionally and physically through verbal and nonverbal communication, creating gratitude, deeper connection and self-efficacy via quality time together and pleasurable touch. Theoretically and experientially, Positive Massage can be an effective preventative selves-care skill. Promoting the concept of selves-care and its practical application through Positive Massage would be beneficial for couples’ personal and relational wellbeing in a touch-deprived era.

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Nakamura, Takafumi, and Kyoich Kijima. "Total System Intervention for System Failure." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 2, no. 3 (July 2011): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jkss.2011070104.

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In this paper, total system intervention for system failure (TSI for SF) is proposed for preventing further occurrences of system failures. TSI is a critical system practice for managing complex and differing viewpoints. First, the authors introduce meta-methodology called “system of system failures” (SOSF) as a common language among various stakeholders to improve their understanding of system failures. The actual application scenario is proposed: “TSI for SF.” The SOSF and related methodologies are used in the course of the subsequent discussion and debate to agree on who is responsible for the failure and identify the preventative measures to be applied. An application example in information and communication technologies engineering demonstrates that using the proposed “TSI for SF” helps prevent future system failures by learning from previous system failures. Three actions are identified for preventing further system failures: closing the gap between the stakeholders, introducing absolute goals, and enlarging system boundary.

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Wurf, Gerald. "High School Anti-Bullying Interventions: An Evaluation of Curriculum Approaches and the Method Of Shared Concern in Four Hong Kong International Schools." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 22, no. 1 (June 2012): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2012.2.

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The challenge for high schools to adopt effective measures to reduce bullying has been underscored by international media coverage highlighting the consequences of school bullying. Despite whole-school anti-bullying programs being accepted as the best evidence-based approaches to intervention, research continues to yield ambiguous findings, and only a limited number of studies have been conducted in secondary schools to systematically evaluate the components of this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of anti-bullying interventions in four international secondary schools in Hong Kong. Schools were randomly assigned to: (a) a whole-school intervention, (b) a curriculum and Shared Concern intervention at Year 7, (c) a Shared Concern intervention at Year 7 and (d) a control school. Year 7 students in the four schools anonymously completed a bullying questionnaire at the beginning (N = 545) and end of the school year (N = 549). A highly significant main effect for schools was found between pre-test and post-test composite bullying scores (F = 7.70, p < .001). Results showed the most significant reductions occurred when a whole-school intervention was used (F = 10.73, p < .001). The research provides strong support for use of whole-school preventative/management interventions and the effective components of this approach are discussed.

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James, Richard K., Joan Logan, and Scott A. Davis. "Including School Resource Officers in school-based crisis intervention: Strengthening student support." School Psychology International 32, no. 2 (April 2011): 210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034311400828.

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This article discusses the importance of trained police officers, School Resource Officers (SROs), participating in school-based crisis response efforts. These efforts, mostly preventative in nature, mitigate and de-escalate trauma for students exposed to a wide variety of challenging situations. Scenarios are presented with dialogue between students and SRO, offering insights into how SROs support students’ emotional needs. The article demonstrates how trained SROs’ service complements school-based crisis prevention and intervention efforts.

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Peleg-Oren, Neta. "Drugs—Not Here!—Model of Group Intervention as Preventative Therapeutic Tool for Children of Drug Addicts." Journal of Drug Education 32, no. 3 (September 2002): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cdt3-v411-ucum-jeg6.

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Children of addicts suffer from emotional, cognitive, social, and behavioral problems. In view of the problems the children face, they are undoubtedly “a population at risk,” in need of preventive and therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this article is to describe a model of group intervention as one of the preventive therapeutic tools for children of addicts. The project was conducted over 18 months of weekly meetings. The article will deal with the characteristics of children of addicts, the group intervention model with reference to the group framework, and the work carried out with the group, as well as its evaluation. The evaluation indicated positive effects on several psychosocial variables.

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Elkerm, Yasser, and Rashad Tawashi. "Date Palm Pollen as a Preventative Intervention in Radiation- and Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis." Integrative Cancer Therapies 13, no. 6 (August 22, 2014): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735414547110.

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Objective. The objective of this study was to explore the effectiveness of date palm pollen (DPP) in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis induced by radiation and chemotherapy. Methods. Twenty subjects with varying head and neck cancers were enrolled. Ten subjects were treated with DPP administered orally (2 g daily for 42 days) as a swish and swallow suspension, and 10 control subjects received the facility standard of care. Objective oral assessments using the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS) were conducted at baseline and while the subjects were on treatment. Study subjects also evaluated the treatment impact by visual analog scales for severity of mouth pain and ability to swallow. Results. The results obtained demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the mean OMAS score in the DPP treatment group and the control group. Symptoms such as impairment of solid food intake observed with the control group were not observed in the DPP-treated group following the treatment. Reduction of mucositis severity of pain and ability to swallow were statistically significant in the DPP-treated group. Conclusion. DPP treatment reduced the incidence of mouth pain and oral ulcers that often require modifications to soft/liquid diet. The complex mixture of bioactive constituents contained in DPP may have protected the oral mucosa by blocking oxidative free radicals, preventing DNA damage, and neutralizing inflammatory reactions. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to validate DPP efficacy in the broader management of chemotherapy- and radiation-induced mucositis.

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Direito, Artur, Jonathan Rawstorn, Jacqueline Mair, Reza Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara, Ralph Maddison, and E. Shyong Tai. "Multifactorial e- and mHealth interventions for cardiovascular disease primary prevention: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials." DIGITAL HEALTH 5 (January 2019): 205520761989048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055207619890480.

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Objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of mortality and disease burden. Preventative interventions to augment the population-level adoption of health lifestyle behaviours that reduce CVD risk are a priority. Face-to-face interventions afford individualisation and are effective for improving health-related behaviours and outcomes, but they are costly and resource intensive. Electronic and mobile health (e- and mHealth) approaches aimed at modifying lifestyle risk factors may be an effective and scalable approach to reach many individuals while preserving individualisation. This systematic review aims to (a) determine the effectiveness of multifactorial e- and mHealth interventions on CVD risk and on lifestyle-related cardiometabolic risk factors and self-management behaviours among adults without CVD; and (b) describe the evidence on adverse events and on the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Methods Methods were detailed prior to the start of the review in order to improve conduct and prevent inconsistent decision making throughout the review. This protocol was prepared following the PRISMA-P 2015 statement. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Public Health Group Specialised Register and CENTRAL electronic databases will be searched between 1991 and September 2019. Eligibility criteria are: (a) population: community-dwelling adults; (b) intervention/comparison: randomised controlled trials comparing e- or mHealth CVD risk preventative interventions with usual care; and (c) outcomes: modifiable CVD risk factors. Selection of study reports will involve two authors independently screening titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text review of potentially eligible reports. Two authors will independently undertake data extraction and assess risk of bias. Where appropriate, meta-analysis of outcome data will be performed. Discussion This protocol describes the pre-specified methods for a systematic review that will provide quantitative and narrative syntheses of current multifactorial e- and mHealth CVD preventative interventions. A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following the methods outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported according to PRISMA guidelines.

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Taylor, Matthew, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Pedro Mario Pan, and Elisa Brietzke. "Early intervention for bipolar disorder: current imperatives, future directions." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 33, suppl 2 (October 2011): s197—s212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462011000600006.

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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to discuss the rationale/background for early intervention in bipolar disorder. METHOD: Narrative review. RESULTS: There are often significant delays before the diagnosis of bipolar disorder is made and effective management initiated. Growing evidence from both preclinical and clinical literature points to a clear need for improved early identification and early intervention in bipolar disorder. Increasing efforts are being applied to the identification of those at high risk of onset of bipolar disorder. It is hoped that identification of an early prodrome of illness will allow preventative measures to be taken. CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear rationale for improved early identification and early intervention in bipolar disorder.

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Kim, E. Bridget, Andrew J. Yee, and Noopur Raje. "Treatment of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: Ready for Prime Time?" Cancers 12, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051223.

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The current standard of care for smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is observation until there is end-organ involvement. With newer and more effective treatments available, a question that is increasingly asked is whether early intervention in patients with SMM will alter the natural history of their disease. Herein, we review the evolving definition of SMM and risk stratification models. We discuss evidence supporting early intervention for SMM—both as a preventative strategy to delay progression and as an intensive treatment strategy with a goal of potential cure. We highlight ongoing trials and focus on better defining who may require early intervention.

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Hatch, S. Gabe, Krista K. Dowdle, Sean C. Aaron, and Scott R. Braithwaite. "Marital Text." Family Journal 26, no. 3 (July 2018): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480718786491.

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Face-to-face prevention-focused relationship education programs have generally been efficacious in improving couples’ communication and relationship satisfaction. Computer-based interventions have furthered the dissemination of these interventions, so anyone with access to a computer can participate in the intervention. One of the next steps in this line of research is finding affordable and convenient ways to disseminate this information. One possibility is text messaging. The current study examined the feasibility of utilizing text messages as a dissemination tool for relationship enhancement. In this study, 128 married individuals were randomly assigned to a control condition ( n = 64), where relationship-related text messages were not received, or to a treatment condition ( n = 64), where relationship-related text messages were received. Individuals assigned to the treatment condition responded positively toward the intervention. Participants’ dropout and retention rates were promising, and 99% of the participants supplied authentic phone numbers. Participants reported the intervention helped them make changes in their relationship, and that the text messages’ content was beneficial to their relationship. Strengths, limitations, and ideas for future research are discussed, as well as the implications for utilizing text messages as a dissemination tool for preventative relationship education.

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Richards-Belle, Alvin, Paul R. Mouncey, Dorothy Wade, Chris R. Brewin, Lydia M. Emerson, Richard Grieve, David A. Harrison, et al. "Psychological Outcomes following a nurse-led Preventative Psychological Intervention for critically ill patients (POPPI): protocol for a cluster-randomised clinical trial of a complex intervention." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e020908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020908.

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IntroductionAcute psychological stress, as well as unusual experiences including hallucinations and delusions, are common in critical care unit patients and have been linked to post-critical care psychological morbidity such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. Little high-quality research has been conducted to evaluate psychological interventions that could alleviate longer-term psychological morbidity in the critical care unit setting. Our research team developed and piloted a nurse-led psychological intervention, aimed at reducing patient-reported PTSD symptom severity and other adverse psychological outcomes at 6 months, for evaluation in the POPPI trial.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, parallel group, cluster-randomised clinical trial with a staggered roll-out of the intervention. The trial is being carried out at 24 (12 intervention, 12 control) NHS adult, general, critical care units in the UK and is evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a nurse-led preventative psychological intervention in reducing patient-reported PTSD symptom severity and other psychological morbidity at 6 months. All sites deliver usual care for 5 months (baseline period). Intervention group sites are then trained to carry out the POPPI intervention, and transition to delivering the intervention for the rest of the recruitment period. Control group sites deliver usual care for the duration of the recruitment period. The trial also includes a process evaluation conducted independently of the trial team.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and approved by the National Research Ethics Service South Central - Oxford B Research Ethics Committee (reference: 15/SC/0287). The first patient was recruited in September 2015 and results will be disseminated in 2018. The results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer reviewed medical journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN53448131; Pre-results.

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Yandell, Margaret, and Lesley Hewitt. "Relief daycare: A role in preventing child abuse. The case emerging from the literature." Children Australia 20, no. 3 (1995): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004569.

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This article examines the assumptions linking stress and the lack of social support to the need for relief child daycare. The literature reviewed finds support for the view that such daycare can be a useful preventative intervention. It is a valid option to consider among the range of family supports, given accelerating rates of child abuse reports.

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Pape, Catherine. "Co-producing a preventative intervention for children at risk of early language and behaviour difficulties." International Journal of Integrated Care 19, no. 4 (August 8, 2019): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.s3342.

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Tremblay, R. E. "Antisocial behaviour: does a preventative intervention reduce cortisol levels in response to a social challenge?" Evidence-Based Mental Health 11, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.11.2.50.

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McAloon, John, and Karina Lazarou. "Preventative Intervention for Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties in Toddlers and Their Families: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 16, 2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040569.

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Preventative intervention early in life is key to interrupting trajectories toward subsequent emotional and behavioural problems later in life. This study examined the effectiveness of the Holding Hands program, an innovative program of preventative intervention aimed at improving the behavioural and emotional functioning of 12 to 48-month-old toddlers, and the wellbeing of their parents. This program seeks to synthesise the existing evidence in four ways; it incorporates both traditional Parent Management Training and Direct Coaching methods. It is intensive, significantly reducing session numbers and it explicitly addresses parental emotion regulation. The program also utilises operant learning principals in an effort to contingently reinforce behaviour that parents want to see more of, without employing exclusionary strategies in response to behavior that parents want to see less of. Thirty-one families, with a toddler who met clinical or sub-clinical cut-offs for externalising or internalising problems, were self- or externally-referred to the six- to eight-week program. Results indicated statistically significant improvement in toddler emotional and behavioural functioning, and parent well-being on a range of psychometric measures from pre- to post-treatment. Treatment gains were maintained for parents and children at follow-up. Implications of these findings for clinical practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Samuels, Alec. "The NHS refuses treatment." Medico-Legal Journal 87, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817218808960.

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This article considers situations where treatment is refused and whether this is reasonable taking into account statutory duties, efficacy of treatment, the role and advice of NICE, local and general resources. What should be the priorities for treatment? Eligibility for treatment, the economic case for an early intervention and/or preventative medicine, caesarean sections, human rights, examples from the cases.

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Sneed, Carl D., and Donald E. Morisky. "APPLYING THE THEORY OF REASONED ACTION TO CONDOM USE AMONG SEX WORKERS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 26, no. 4 (January 1, 1998): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1998.26.4.317.

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Behavioral intervention and education have been widely acknowledged as holding the greatest promise for slowing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study assessed the relationship between constructs from the Theory of Reasoned Action on condom use in a sample of 1394 Filipina sex workers. Path analysis for observed variables was used to examine the relationship between attitudes, norms and behavioral intentions on behaviors. All constructs were operationalized within the context of condom use during vaginal sex. Attitudes and norms were found to be predictive of behaviors as mediated through behavioral intentions supporting the validity of the theory of reasoned action. Implications for the development and focus of HIV preventative interventions are discussed.

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Sabri, Bushra. "Perspectives on Factors Related to HIV Risk and Preventative Interventions at Multiple Levels: A Study of African Immigrant Women Survivors of Cumulative Trauma." AIDS Education and Prevention 30, no. 5 (October 2018): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2018.30.5.419.

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African immigrant women survivors of cumulative trauma are at high risk for HIV infection. This study aims to identify survivors' perceptions of (a) contextual (i.e., community, and relationship) and individual-level risk and protective factors for HIV among African immigrant women in the United States and (b) areas and strategies of HIV prevention intervention at contextual and individual levels. Qualitative data for this study were collected from African-born women (n = 39) in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC, from February 2017 to March 2018. Seventeen in-depth interviews and five focus groups were conducted with African immigrant survivors of cumulative trauma. Results revealed HIV prevention intervention needs and risk and protective factors for HIV at the community (e.g., community education), relationship (e.g., intimate partner violence, family), and individual (e.g., women's empowerment) levels. These findings can inform the development of culturally tailored multilevel HIV prevention interventions for African immigrant women.

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Hurley, Mick, and Laura Jane Boulton. "Early identification and intervention with individuals at risk of becoming involved in serious and organised crime (SOC)." Safer Communities 20, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-11-2020-0039.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the “engage” pilot project and related processes for identifying individuals vulnerable to becoming involved in serious and organised crime groups (OCGs). Design/methodology/approach In this, a six-stage process developed in the five pilot sites to guide interventions is described. The project identified 18 individuals who have confirmed low level involvement in OCGs based in 5 areas of Greater Manchester by combining risk factors and the connecting of records held by law enforcement agencies. Findings Key risk factors found to be associated with the 18 individuals identified are described in relation to literature and discussed in terms of future intervention possibilities. A brief description of the key findings of the evaluation of the pilot project is also included. Originality/value Together these findings are discussed to explore the challenges of preventative interventions tailored towards young people already involved in criminality and offers recommendations for future programmes in this field.

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Facompré, Christopher R., Kristin Bernard, and Theodore E. A. Waters. "Effectiveness of interventions in preventing disorganized attachment: A meta-analysis." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 1 (April 11, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000426.

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AbstractDisorganized attachment is associated with a host of negative developmental outcomes, leading to a growing interest in preventative interventions targeting the attachment relationship in infancy. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of interventions that aimed to prevent or reduce rates of disorganization among children at risk. We performed a literature search using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and ProQuest databases for studies published between January 1989 and August 2016. All 16 studies (N= 1,360) included a control condition and reported postintervention rates of organized and disorganized attachments assessed by the Strange Situation Procedure. Results showed that, overall, interventions were effective in increasing rates of organized attachment compared to control conditions (d= 0.35, 95% CI [0.10–0.61]). Moderator analyses demonstrated that interventions were more effective (a) in more recently published studies than in older studies, (b) for maltreated samples than nonmaltreated samples, and (c) as children increased in age. These results have important implications for future development, tailoring, and implementation of attachment-based intervention programs.

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Mullan, Leanne, Karen Wynter, Andrea Driscoll, and Bodil Rasmussen. "Barriers and enablers to providing preventative and early intervention diabetes-related foot care: a qualitative study of primary care healthcare professionals' perceptions." Australian Journal of Primary Health 27, no. 4 (2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py20235.

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This study explored the perceived healthcare system and process barriers and enablers experienced by GPs and Credentialled Diabetes Educators (CDEs) in Australian primary care, in the delivery of preventative and early intervention foot care to people with diabetes. A qualitative design with inductive analysis approach was utilised and reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two GPs and 14 CDEs from rural, urban and metropolitan areas of Australia. Participants were from New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland. Barriers to providing foot care constituted five broad themes: (1) lack of access to footcare specialists and services; (2) education and training insufficiencies; (3) human and physical resource limitations related to funding inadequacies; (4) poor care integration such as inadequate communication and feedback across services and disciplines, and ineffectual multidisciplinary care; and (5) deficient footcare processes and guidelines including ambiguous referral pathways. Enablers to foot care were found at opposing ends of the same spectra as the identified barriers or were related to engaging in mentorship programs and utilising standardised assessment tools. This is the first Australian study to obtain information from GPs and CDEs about the perceived barriers and enablers influencing preventative and early intervention diabetes-related foot care. Findings offer an opportunity for the development and translation of effective intervention strategies across health systems, policy, funding, curriculum and clinical practice, in order to improve outcomes for people with diabetes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Preventative Intervention'

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