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Books on the topic 'Preventative Intervention'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Bartu, Anne. Evaluation of a preventative intervention strategy in a non-clinical setting using computerised screening. [Perth, W.A.]: Western Australian Alcohol & Drug Authority, 1991.

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2

School rampage shootings and other youth disturbances: Early preventative interventions. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.

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3

The role of the International Criminal Court in preventing atrocity crimes through timely intervention: From the Humanitarian Intervention Doctrine and ex post facto judicial institutions to the notion of responsibility to protect and the preventative role of the International Criminal Court : inaugural lecture as chair in international criminal law and international criminal procedure at Utrecht University, delivered on 18 October 2010. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing, 2011.

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4

Gruber, Reut, Evelyn Constantin, Jamie Cassoff, and Sonia Michaelsen. Preventative Intervention. Edited by Amy Wolfson and Hawley Montgomery-Downs. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199873630.013.0036.

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5

Best Defense?: Legitimacy and Preventative Force. Hoover Institution Press, 2010.

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6

Sato, Hideo. Containing Conflict: Cases in Preventative Diplomacy. Japan Center for International Exchange, 2003.

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7

Galindo, Rodrigo García. The preventative war doctrine in international law: The Iraqi case. 2004.

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8

Simpson, Anna T. The roles of self-regulation and coping in a preventative cognitive-behavioural intervention for school-age children at-risk for internalizing disorders. 2007.

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9

Bueno, Héctor, and José A. Barrabés. Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0046.

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Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are life-threatening disorders, usually caused by acute coronary thrombosis and subsequent myocardial ischaemia, presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation in the initial electrocardiogram. According to the occurrence of myocardial necrosis, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are divided into non-ST-segment myocardial infarction or unstable angina. The management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes requires an early diagnosis and risk stratification, urgent hospitalization, monitoring, and medical treatment, including antithrombotic therapy with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus one P2Y12 inhibitor) and parenteral anticoagulation, anti-ischaemic treatment, and preventative therapies. After the initial medical therapy is established, an invasive strategy, consisting of coronary angiography with coronary revascularization (either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary bypass graft surgery), as appropriate, should be decided. The timing of the invasive strategy should be adjusted, according to the patient’s risk. Given the high event rate of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes after hospital discharge, an aggressive long-term preventative therapy should be put in place to improve prognosis.
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10

Bueno, Héctor, and José A. Barrabés. Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0046_update_001.

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Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are life-threatening disorders, usually caused by acute coronary thrombosis and subsequent myocardial ischaemia, presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation in the initial electrocardiogram. According to the occurrence of myocardial necrosis, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are divided into non-ST-segment myocardial infarction or unstable angina. The management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes requires an early diagnosis and risk stratification, urgent hospitalization, monitoring, and medical treatment, including antithrombotic therapy with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus one P2Y12 inhibitor) and parenteral anticoagulation, anti-ischaemic treatment, and preventative therapies. After the initial medical therapy is established, an invasive strategy, consisting of coronary angiography with coronary revascularization (either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary bypass graft surgery), as appropriate, should be decided. The timing of the invasive strategy should be adjusted, according to the patient’s risk. Given the high event rate of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes after hospital discharge, an aggressive long-term preventative therapy should be put in place to improve prognosis.
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11

Bueno, Héctor, and José A. Barrabés. Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0046_update_002.

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Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are life-threatening disorders, usually caused by acute coronary thrombosis and subsequent myocardial ischaemia, presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation in the initial electrocardiogram. According to the occurrence of myocardial necrosis, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are divided into non-ST-segment myocardial infarction or unstable angina. The management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes requires an early diagnosis and risk stratification, urgent hospitalization, monitoring, and medical treatment, including antithrombotic therapy with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus one P2Y12 inhibitor) and parenteral anticoagulation, anti-ischaemic treatment, and preventative therapies. After the initial medical therapy is established, an invasive strategy, consisting of coronary angiography with coronary revascularization (either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary bypass graft surgery), as appropriate, should be decided. The timing of the invasive strategy should be adjusted, according to the patient’s risk. Given the high event rate of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes after hospital discharge, an aggressive long-term preventative therapy should be put in place to improve prognosis.
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12

Wilson, A. P. R. Microbiological surveillance in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0281.

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Patients in the ICU are at high risk of acquiring multiresistant pathogens. Surveillance quickly identifies outbreaks and promotes antimicrobial stewardship. Catheter-related bacteraemia is often used as a performance measure and intervention using a package of preventative measures can be very successful. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in contrast can be difficult to define accurately. Water sources should be monitored. Pseudomonas aeruginosa may become established in taps and cause invasive infections especially in neonates. Screening of nasal swabs for MRSA followed by topical suppression has been effective in reducing spread during ICU admission. With rising prevalence of multiresistant Gram-negative species, screening of faeces or rectal swabs may become necessary. Acinetobacter is very disruptive if it causes an outbreak and it can be difficult to control. Screening is one method of limiting its’ spread. National surveillance networks are increasing and may be mandatory as they appear to be successful in controlling nosocomial infection.
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13

Murch, Mervyn. Supporting Children When Parents Separate. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345947.001.0001.

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After years of research and reflection on the work of the interdisciplinary family justice system this book offers a fresh approach to supporting the thousands of children every year who experience a complex form of bereavement following parental separation and divorce. This stressful family change, combined with the loss of support due to austerity cuts, can damage their education, well-being, mental health, and long-term life chances. This book argues for early preventative intervention which responds to children's worries when they first present them, without waiting until things have gone badly wrong. The book's radical proposals for reform involve a much more coordinated and joined-up approach by schools, the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service, and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. This book encourages practitioners and academics to look outside their professional silos and to see the world through the eyes of children in crisis to enable services to offer direct support in a manner and at a time when it is most needed.
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14

Paech, Michael J., and Patchareya Nivatpumin. Postdural puncture headache. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0027.

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Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) may follow either deliberate or unintentional (accidental) penetration of the interdigitating meninges, the dura and arachnoid mater. It is one of the most common and clinically important complications of regional anaesthesia and analgesia in the obstetric population. The headache develops as a consequence of cerebrospinal fluid loss, low intracranial pressure and cerebrovascular changes in the upright position and can prove debilitating. The diagnosis is clinical, making thorough assessment and regular review all the more important, to revise treatment plans, exclude rare serious pathology such as subdural haematoma, and avoid misdiagnosis. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors (needle, technical and patient related), features, natural history, diagnosis, and management of PDPH. High level evidence supports prevention by using small gauge, non-cutting spinal needles, but other preventative strategies against either unintentional dural puncture or PDPH are poorly supported. The absent or poor efficacy of measures such as bed rest, hydration, cerebral vasoconstrictor therapy, epidural or intrathecal saline injection, intrathecal catheter placement or prophylactic epidural blood patch, is noted. Validation of better evidence supporting epidural morphine or intravenous cosyntropin is required. Symptomatic treatment of PDPH is also unreliable. Very limited evidence that requires substantiation supports a modest benefit from caffeine, gabapentinoids or intravenous hydrocortisone. The intervention of epidural blood patch is highly likely to relieve post-spinal PDPH, but only completely resolves epidural needle-induced PDPH in 30–50% of cases. Much detail about EBP remains undetermined, but delayed intervention and injection of approximately 20 mL of autologous blood appear appropriate.
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15

Rosenfeld, Victor, and John Stern. Neurobiology of Migraine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0048.

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Migraine is a common and intermittently disabling condition with a myriad of clinical presentations. A detailed understanding of the neurovascular pathology of migraine has translated into effective strategies for both prevention as well as acute treatment; however, knowledge of the varied presentations is necessary for accurate diagnosis and optimal use of treatment. Treatment may include both acute and preventative interventions and options that span lifestyle modification, nonprescriptive supplements, prescription medications, and other interventions.
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16

Pranav, Heena, and Dalia H. Elmofty. Postmastectomy Neuropathic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0015.

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Neuropathic pain can burden patients in multiple domains. It is a complex pain syndrome that remains difficult to treat. Detailed history and physical examination would reveal patients with neuropathic conditions complaining of burning, shocklike pain. There are a variety of neuropathic pain conditions that can be considered in a differential diagnosis. Because patients with neuropathic pain fail to obtain satisfactory relief from pharmacologic agents alone, a multidisciplinary approach that includes preventative and interventional options is recommended. Interventional treatment options may offer relief to patients with refractory neuropathic pain. Success in the treatment of neuropathic pain depends on evidence-based medicine and individualized patient care.
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17

Wilson, Philip, and James Law. Developmental reviews and the identification of impairments/disorders. Edited by Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0022.

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There is a considerable international variation in preventative child health programmes suggesting variability in the available evidence. More socially disadvantaged families may be more likely to have children with developmental difficulties but are less likely to make use of such services. Family perceptions of child development and difficulties are likely to be culturally sensitive and professionals need to pay attention to this. Many developmental problems are on continua which border typical development but also overlap and interact with one another. There is evidence for the effectiveness of some interventions but these are rarely tied into population-level health surveillance programmes.
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18

Srivastava, Siddharth, and Jeffrey Chinsky. Methylmalonic Acidemia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0062.

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Isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) refers to a group of inborn errors of organic acid metabolism caused by impaired conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. Individuals with MMA experience both acute and chronic neurological complications. The pathophysiology likely reflects impaired energy metabolism in the mitochondria leading to neuronal toxicity in MMA. MMA presents with a spectrum of clinical phenotypes with onset of symptoms anytime from the neonatal period to adulthood. Once there is clinical suspicion for MMA, definitive diagnosis requires biochemical testing. The treatment of MMA centers on acute interventions when affected individuals are ill, as well as preventative measures when they are doing relatively well. Neuroimaging in MMA demonstrates a variety of findings.
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19

Churchill, David. The Scope of Policing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797845.003.0003.

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This chapter explores the urban police role in the nineteenth century, examining what the police did and how they were deployed in the city. It details how both the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ police were given an ‘omnibus mandate’, covering crime control, urban order, sanitation, and public safety. Police statistics reveal that police interventions were far more common for minor, impersonal, regulatory offences than for more serious, personal crimes of theft and violence. Hence, rather than specialist crime-fighting agencies, nineteenth-century police forces were key institutions of urban improvement. Furthermore, the chapter illuminates the strategy of preventative policing, revealing the geography and temporality of patrol, the tactics of police surveillance, and the broad powers of arrest with which they were entrusted.
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20

Abraham, Bisrat K., Inti Flores, and Roy M. Gulick. Routine Testing for HIV Infection and Pre-Exposure and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0031.

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Substantial progress has been made in the fight against HIV/AIDS, and newer therapies are enabling individuals to live longer and healthier lives. Furthermore, the concept of treatment as prevention is now well solidified and has increased the urgency to identify and treat all HIV-infected individuals. As such, revised guidelines for HIV testing have shifted from a model of “targeted testing” to a more universal approach whereby all individuals have routine testing for HIV as part of medical care. Despite this approach, the number of incident HIV cases has remained stable in the United States. In addition to behavioral interventions and counseling, preventative strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are being used to help protect at-risk individuals.
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21

Wasserman, Danuta, ed. Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.001.0001.

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The Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention is a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of suicidal behaviour and suicide prevention from a number of different perspectives, including its underlying religious and cultural factors; its political, social and economic causes; its psychiatric and somatic determinants; and its public health impacts. The new edition includes several new clinically focussed chapters devoted to major psychiatric disorders and their relation to suicide, including mood and anxiety disorders, substance abuse, psychosis/schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, and personality disorders. It also includes a fully updated section on psychometric scales used for measuring suicidal behaviour and instruments used in suicide preventative interventions as well as descriptions of suicide preventive methods in schools as suicide is the second leading, and in some countries first, cause of death for young people.
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22

Cheatle, Martin, and Perry G. Fine, eds. Facilitating Treatment Adherence in Pain Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190600075.001.0001.

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One of the most distressing features of a healthcare providers practice is that of patient nonadherence. Adherence refers to an active, voluntary, collaborative involvement of the patient in a mutually acceptable course of behavior to produce a desired preventative or therapeutic result. Most of the research in the area of medical adherence has been focused on medication adherence or increasing the likelihood that a patient will take their medications as prescribed by their physician. Adherence also has a broader application with regards to patient behaviors that can either support or undermine a positive response to prescribed therapies.In the field of pain medicine there are a number of evidence-based interventions that can improve an individual’s pain, mood and functionality, but this depends highly on the patient adhering to the prescribed treatment regimens.This book will provide a practically oriented guide to understanding the conceptual models of adherence and non-adherence and methods to improve adherence, to both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial pain management strategies. Topics include the use of biometrics to measure and promote adherence, employing novel psychosocial techniques to improve adherence to pain management and healthy lifestyle interventions and the ethical considerations of patient and clinician nonadherence.
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23

Crawford, Laura, and Ruth Kleinpell. Principles and prevention of pressure sores in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0279.

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A pressure ulcer, defined by the National Pressure Advisory Panel and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panels as localized injury to the skin or tissue as the result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear, can be an adverse complication of a hospital stay, especially for acute and critically-ill patients. Factors that can contribute to pressure ulcer development include the intensity and duration of pressure, tissue tolerance, shear, and friction. Common anatomical sites for pressure ulcers development are over bony prominences. The National Pressure Advisory Panel and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panels define pressure ulcers in six stages according to the degree of tissue damage present in the wound. A risk assessment should be performed to identify the vulnerability of pressure ulcer development and provide guidance for the implementation of preventative interventions. For the critically-ill patient, several specific measures are advocated for preventing pressure ulcers.
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