Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Preuve de travail (PoW)'
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Coupillaud, Marie-Paule. "La preuve en droit du travail." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40047.
Full textDiallo, El-hacen. "Study and Design of Blockchain-based Decentralized Road Traffic Data Management in VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG017.
Full textThe prominence of autonomous vehicles has imposed the need for more secure road traffic data (i.e., events related to accidents, traffic state, attack report, etc.) management in VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks). Traditional centralized systems address this need by leveraging remote servers far from the vehicles. That is not an optimal solution as road traffic data must be distributed and securely cached close to cars to enhance performance and reduce bandwidth overhead. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution thanks to its decentralization property. But some questions remain unanswered: how to design blockchain-adapted traffic data validation, which is more complex than an economic transaction? What is the performance in real-world VANET scenarios?This thesis addresses those questions by designing blockchain-adapted traffic data management. The performance analysis and the validation of the proposed schemes are conducted through various simulations of real scenarios.We first adapt the PoW (Proof of Work) consensus mechanism to the VANET context whereby the RSUs (Road Side Units) maintain the decentralized database of road traffic data. After that, the proposed scheme is evaluated in the presence of malicious vehicles. The results show that the proposed approach enables a secure and decentralized database of road traffic data at the RSUs level.Next, motivated by our findings, we adopt PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), a voting-based consensus mechanism, to reduce the blockchain latency. The traffic data validators are dynamically selected based on traffic event appearance location. Finally, we propose a novel blockchain replication scheme between RSUs. This scheme offers a trade-off between the blockchain latency and replication frequency. Simulation results show better performance when the validators (i.e., RSUs) are minimized.Finally, we propose a trust model to minimize the validators without compromising the decentralization and fairness of block-creation. This trust model leverages the geographical distance and the RSUs trust to dynamically form a group of validators for each block in the blockchain. We formalize and evaluate this trust model, considering various scenarios with malicious RSUs. Results show the efficiency of the proposed model to minimize the validators group while isolating malicious RSUs
Dupont, Olivier. "Preuve et renouveau contractuel en droit du travail." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20002.
Full textOnce considered as a specimen of distorted convention for failing to achieve its objective of contractual justice the employment contract is now being renovated to meet its former standard as a consequence of the latest evidentiary developments. Within a few decades evidence, which was formerly biased, has been subjected to in-depth transformation in order to restore balanced evidentiary patterns in employment law. The presentation of evidence and the testing of that evidence testify to that trend. While an employee may now better argue his or her grievances an employer may find it more complicated to set up his or her evidentiary arguments. The rediscovery of the concept of loyalty and the progressive recognition of employees'rights are grounds for a betterbalanced system. Moreover, the increased autonomy of evidentiary questioning in employment law has provided the restoration of the notion of balanced evidence. All of this tends to one and the same objective : contractual justice
Mouloungui, Maganga Aimé Roger. "Le particularisme de la preuve en droit du travail." Limoges, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIMO1004.
Full textFort of the imbalance of strengths enter the employee and the employer the contract of employment, the French legislator, widely followed by the judge, began (undertook) of importances transfers (transformations) regarding proofs. The objective being to restore for the benefit of the employee a balance between the parties to the lawsuit that, the initial contractual relation not guaranteed not. So, we observe that the producing of evidence in labor law, from now on remote from a strict application of the rules (rulers), of proof such as planned by the common law, obeys a particular diet (regime). That it is about thorough rules (rulers), or about those who touch the procedure itself, the law posts( shows) an attitude apparently protector of the low (weak) part (party), in particular the employee for whom, it operates a significant reduction (lightening) of its probationary burden, while, at the same time, that of the employer see itself weighed down to the advantage of the employee
Boulmier, Daniel. "Preuve et instance prud'homale." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE0008.
Full textTerroux-Sfar, Florence. "Les règles de preuve et les évolutions du droit du travail." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100037.
Full textThe labor law knew during these last thirty years remarkable evolutions with the appearance of new information technologies and communication in the companies and, the creation of “justification’s requirement”. In the mean time employers are now obliged to detail the motivations of their actions and the employees are working more and more on informatics work station. It’s important to understand how these new characteristics have modified the application of the rules of the proof. If the proof’s burden seems to not have been affected by these evolutions, it is not the same about the proof’s object. Indeed, beyond the appearances, the new information and communication technologies lead to a modification of the proof object by giving to the employees the access of new elements of proof susceptible to influence the judge’s conviction. Besides, the “justification’s requirement” invites the judges to better control the employer’s decision. They have now the obligation to clarify their reasons for action. Concretely it means that, to support their claims, they can’t just argue objective facts to convince the judge but they have to justify the logic of their decisions. So, while the classic doctrine had for practice to expect relevant, controversial and questionable facts as proof objects, the “justification’s requirement” brings us to add “sensible facts" (facts articulated within a coherent speech). If at the first time, we could think that the “justification’s requirement” emergence will lead to subjective decision, we are obliged to admit the reinforcement of the judge control
Nolibois, Remi. "L’administration de la preuve par l’employeur en droit du travail : une exigence de loyauté dans la recherche de la preuve." Thesis, Perpignan, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PERP0002.
Full textIt should be noted that in labor law, the administration of proof, by the employer, is now conditioned by the requirement of fairness of the proof as understood by the Social Chamber of the Court of Cassation. Beyond this observation, a requirement of loyalty which now underlies the practice of proof in labor law, a problem arises, however: This investment in the field of proof law by case law, and this, by means of the requirement of loyalty, does it always make it possible to achieve the emergence of the truth, the feeling of justness which must emerge from the confrontation of the arguments that have left? On the contrary, this consecration of loyalty as the case law has intended to enshrine it, has it not led to a law of evidence that is too rigorous, the application of which no longer allows the emergence of the truth?
Pansier, Frédéric-Jérôme. "L'influence de l'oralité sur la rupture du contrat de travail." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10046.
Full textIlieva, Valéria. "L’exigence d’objectivité en droit du travail." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100120/document.
Full textAny employer’s decision has to meet the requirement of objectivity, implying that his power cannot be arbitrary, i.e. the employer is prohibited to base any decision on his own personal views. Thus, the employer has to base each decision, outside his discretionary power, on provable factual premises. The objectivity test applies to vocationnal assesment, dismissal, and differenciation between employees. However, the objectivity test is ambivalent as some employers exploit this requirement to restrict employees’ fundamental rights in the name of the company’s interests or some other specific interests. This is all the more easy as judges’ control on employer’s objectiveness is rather loose. Therefore, employers’ staff management have to be scrutinisied on some other legal grounds. On the whole the objectivity test has rather a relative importance
Foata, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude du motif personnel non fautif du licenciement." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0029.
Full textGoulet, Isabelle. "Vers un principe de non-discrimination en droit du travail ?" Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020017.
Full textTernynck, Élise. "Le juge du contrat de travail et la preuve électronique : essai sur l’incidence des technologies de l’Information et de la communication sur le contentieux prud’homal." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20015/document.
Full textProcedure in labour contentious matters is the most significant place to observe the judicial reception of e-proof. Pragmatism and flexibility of the elected industrial tribunal offers a field of study which is suitable to observe the axiological confrontation between ICT and labour law and to observe the practicalconsequences of the inclusion of such proof in the litigants’ argumentation. This research endeavours to demonstrate that the use of e-proof receives a mixed appreciation from the Judge of the contract of employment. Indeed, he adopts a paradoxical behaviour: on the one hand, he shows boldness and takes part in the recognition of the e-proof during the phase of producing evidence; but on the other hand, he seems to be reluctant to make use of it in an effective manner. The result of this study is disappointing when considering the credibility given to e-proof is not equal to its procedural utility; it deserves to be the subjectof a more ambitious approach and of a general and more in-depth reflexion
Georget, Jean-Philippe. "Activités de recherche et de preuve entre pairs à l'école élémentaire : perspectives ouvertes par les communautés de pratique d'enseignants." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426603.
Full textJuston, Romain. "Le corps médico-légal. Les médecins légistes et leurs expertises." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV133.
Full textThis research focuses on medical examiners and the reports they provide upon requisition from Public Prosecutors. Neither occasional collaborators of the judge, nor holders of a specific specialty title, forensic scientists and medical examiners form a professional body that is quite distant from both the judicial expert assessment model and the medical specialty model. They mainly practise the medico-legal expertise in dedicated hospital units, and have undergone a medical university curriculum, with medical specialties ranging from general medicine to anatomopathology, and from occupational medicine to public health.This thesis explores the tension between a judicial expert assessment and a medical specialty, and analyses this tension, simultaneously as being enshrined into the formation process of the occupational group, and as a driving force of the coproduction of medical and judicial truths about facts. The research builds on the implementation of an empirical investigation system, associating ethnographic observations, interviews, and documentation. The different locations that were analysed (autopsy rooms, doctors’ offices, Ministerial directions, decentralised administrations, Public Prosecutors’ committee rooms, congress) constitute a two-level analysis of the medico-legal apparatus: on one hand, the protocol level, where medico-legal activities are organised and supervised, from state-level administrations to local departments; on the other hand, the expert assessment level, where medical examiners were studied from medical examination rooms up to courts of law. The first chapter explores the protocol level, by studying, in particular, the genesis, elaboration and implementation of a forensic medicine reform. It highlights how the organisation of medico-legal activities has been oscillating between two definitions of a medico-legal expertise; these two definitions respectively establish the figure of a judicial expert doctor, and the figure of a forensic specialist. The second chapter focuses on the careers of those who embrace the medico-legal expertise field. It reveals how doctors’ positions on medico-legal expertise are reliant on the way they adjust the practising of this activity to their original medical education. Finally, the third chapter analyses the practices of experts and magistrates from the Public Prosecutor’s department, within the organisations where the medico-legal expert assessments are produced and used, from hospitals to courts of law. This ethnography of how medico-legal evidence is created underlines the tensions that come up within this activity stream, as doctors mix up different frameworks in the way they examine assaulted bodies.This mobile approach of the medico-legal apparatus allows the surfacing of two theoretical concerns. First, the logical hierarchy between the micro level of practises and the meso level of organisations leads to renew the approach for professional segments. Studying segmentation processes is a way of determining if forensic medicine is more driven towards being an activity that is piloted by the judicial administration supervision (which funds and consumes the expert assessments), or towards becoming an autonomous medical discipline with the same regulation mechanisms as a regular hospital specialty. This second concern leads to studying the socialization mechanism as well as the practises of experts in a dynamic way. Ultimately, this thesis proposes to analyse a practise that is stretched between different surroundings in concrete situations, while analysing specific social determining factors of the medico-legal assessment, by dynamically exploring three levels: the organisation of forensic medicine, the socialization of the experts, and the actual activity of the professionals that produce and seize medico-legal assessments
Juston, Morival Romain. "Le corps médico-légal. Les médecins légistes et leurs expertises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV133.
Full textThis research focuses on medical examiners and the reports they provide upon requisition from Public Prosecutors. Neither occasional collaborators of the judge, nor holders of a specific specialty title, forensic scientists and medical examiners form a professional body that is quite distant from both the judicial expert assessment model and the medical specialty model. They mainly practise the medico-legal expertise in dedicated hospital units, and have undergone a medical university curriculum, with medical specialties ranging from general medicine to anatomopathology, and from occupational medicine to public health.This thesis explores the tension between a judicial expert assessment and a medical specialty, and analyses this tension, simultaneously as being enshrined into the formation process of the occupational group, and as a driving force of the coproduction of medical and judicial truths about facts. The research builds on the implementation of an empirical investigation system, associating ethnographic observations, interviews, and documentation. The different locations that were analysed (autopsy rooms, doctors’ offices, Ministerial directions, decentralised administrations, Public Prosecutors’ committee rooms, congress) constitute a two-level analysis of the medico-legal apparatus: on one hand, the protocol level, where medico-legal activities are organised and supervised, from state-level administrations to local departments; on the other hand, the expert assessment level, where medical examiners were studied from medical examination rooms up to courts of law. The first chapter explores the protocol level, by studying, in particular, the genesis, elaboration and implementation of a forensic medicine reform. It highlights how the organisation of medico-legal activities has been oscillating between two definitions of a medico-legal expertise; these two definitions respectively establish the figure of a judicial expert doctor, and the figure of a forensic specialist. The second chapter focuses on the careers of those who embrace the medico-legal expertise field. It reveals how doctors’ positions on medico-legal expertise are reliant on the way they adjust the practising of this activity to their original medical education. Finally, the third chapter analyses the practices of experts and magistrates from the Public Prosecutor’s department, within the organisations where the medico-legal expert assessments are produced and used, from hospitals to courts of law. This ethnography of how medico-legal evidence is created underlines the tensions that come up within this activity stream, as doctors mix up different frameworks in the way they examine assaulted bodies.This mobile approach of the medico-legal apparatus allows the surfacing of two theoretical concerns. First, the logical hierarchy between the micro level of practises and the meso level of organisations leads to renew the approach for professional segments. Studying segmentation processes is a way of determining if forensic medicine is more driven towards being an activity that is piloted by the judicial administration supervision (which funds and consumes the expert assessments), or towards becoming an autonomous medical discipline with the same regulation mechanisms as a regular hospital specialty. This second concern leads to studying the socialization mechanism as well as the practises of experts in a dynamic way. Ultimately, this thesis proposes to analyse a practise that is stretched between different surroundings in concrete situations, while analysing specific social determining factors of the medico-legal assessment, by dynamically exploring three levels: the organisation of forensic medicine, the socialization of the experts, and the actual activity of the professionals that produce and seize medico-legal assessments
Boudjani, Nadira. "Aide à la construction et l'évaluation des preuves mathématiques déductives par les systèmes d'argumentation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS060/document.
Full textLearning deductive proofs is fundamental for mathematics education. Yet, many students have difficulties to understand and write deductive mathematical proofs which has severe consequences for problem solving as highlighted by several studies. According to the recent study of TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), the level of students in mathematics is falling. students have difficulties to understand mathematics and more precisely to build and structure mathematical proofs.To tackle this problem, several approaches in mathematical didactics have used a social approach in classrooms where students are engaged in a debate and use argumentation in order to build proofs.The term "argumentation" in this context refers to the use of informal discussions in classrooms to allow students to publicly express claims and justify them to build proofs for a given problem. The underlying hypotheses are that argumentation: (i) enhances critical thinking and meta-cognitive skills such as self monitoring and self assessment; (ii) increases student's motivation by social interactions; and (iii) allows learning among students. From instructors' point of view, some difficulties arise with these approaches for assessment. In fact, the evaluation of outcomes -- that includes not only the final proof but also all intermediary steps and aborted attempts -- introduces an important work overhead.In this thesis, we propose a system for constructing and evaluating deductive mathematical proofs. The system has a twofold objective: (i) allow students to build deductive mathematical proofs using structured argumentative debate; (ii) help the instructors to evaluate these proofs and assess all intermediary steps in order to identify misconceptions and provide a constructive feedback to students. The system provides students with a structured framework to debate during construction of proofs using the proposed argumentation frameworks in artificial intelligence. These argumentation frameworks are also used in the analysis of the debate which will be used to represent the result in different forms in order to facilitate the evaluation to the instructors. The system has been implemented and evaluated experimentally by students in the construction of deductive proofs and instructors in the evaluation of these proofs
Aït-Sadoune, Idir. "Modélisation et vérification formelles de compositions de services." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESMA0016.
Full textThe ability to compose existing services to provide more complex functionality is one of the main benefits of SOA architecture. This services compositions process, especially Web services, is generally defined by a choreography or an orchestration of atomic services. These compositions are seen as a states-transitions systems expressing the communication protocol between the participating services. Services Workflows description languages, expressing these compositions, suffer from the lack of formal semantics and the presence of ambiguities in their constructors definitions in standards defining these languages. The associated tools do not offer the possibility to formally verify and validate the behaviour and the obtained services compositions properties. This thesis focuses on modelling and formal verification of the Web services composition described with the BPEL standard using the B event method. The proposed approach models the static and dynamic parts of BPEL and is based on refinement for structuring the BPEL process development. The theorem proving technique is used for setting properties. One-to-one link is guaranteed between the BPEL elements and their B Event corresponding. This correspondence provides assistance to developers to improve the quality of the BPEL process. This approach has been implemented in the BPEL2B tool
Khacef, Kahina. "Trade-off betweew security and scalability in blockchain systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS516.
Full textThe development of Blockchain has enabled the emergence of high technology in the sensitive and active sectors by allowing the reliability of information via consensus, the immutability of records, and transaction transparency. This thesis presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of techniques to scale the blockchain. The first part of this thesis consists of building a decentralized, secure peer-to-peer messaging protocol using a PKI-based blockchain, which can be an email, a website, or some other form of message. Managing users’ identities by the Blockchain eliminates the single point of failure of traditional PKIs. By using smart contracts to validate, store and revoke the certificate on a public blockchain. Security and scalability are considered two significant challenges in blockchains’ rapid and smooth deployment in businesses, enterprises, and organizations. The ability to scale up a blockchain lies mainly in improving the underlying technology rather than deploying new hardware. The second contribution of the thesis proposes SecuSca, an approach that makes a trade-off between security and scalability when designing blockchain-based systems. It designs an efficient replication model, which creates dynamic sharding wherein blocks are stored in various nodes. To maintain the required level of security, the proposed approach shows that blockchain replication over the Peer_to_Peer network is minimized as the blockchain’s length evolves. Furthermore, a sharding protocol over the network is proposed to get access to the blockchain data based on historical transactions. The protocol reduces old blocks’ replication; these blocks can be discarded from specific nodes and stored by others. The nodes willing to store the coming blocks and their data are chosen randomly. The block header of each block is kept to achieve consensus. Next, we optimize the latest approach by choosing the entering nodes following the nodes’ capacities instead of randomly
Cléroux, Nicolas. "La protection des droits fondamentaux des travailleurs visés par une surveillance électronique est-elle moindre lorsqu'elle est effectuée par un tiers plutôt que par l'employeur?" Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3546/1/M11565.pdf.
Full textBdioui, Friha. "La reconnaissance, à des fins de réparation, des maladies professionnelles pulmonaires liées à l'amiante au Québec." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2379/1/M11084.pdf.
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